NINEVEHVoice of

The A ssyrian Foundation of America

. Established 1964

.'Dedicated to theA dvancement of Education

of Assyrians '

MARCH - APRIL 1980 VOLUME 3, NO.2

~_...~~~ C_U_L_T_U_R_A_LE_D_U_C_A_T_l_0_N_A_LS_O_C_1A_L__ ~ ~11

At Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad)Sargon II King of Assyria carryingthe Sacrificial Ibex (8th Century B.C.)

MARCHI APRIL 1980 i

VOLUME 3 NO.2

JULIUS N. SHABBAS EditorJOEL J. ELIAS Ass't. EditorYOURA TAMRAZ Staff Writer/AssyrianJACOB MALEKZADEH AdvertisingSARGON SHABBAS Circulation

POLICY

ARTICLES SUBMITIED FOR PUBLICATION WILL BESELECTED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF ON THE BASIS OFTHEIR RELATIVE MERITTOTHEASSYRIAN LITERATURE,HISTORY, AND CURRENT EVENTS.

OPINIONS EXPRESSED IN THIS MAGAZINE ARE THOSEOF THE RESPECTIVE AUTHORS AND NOT NECESSARILYTHOSE OF NINEVEH.

ASSYRIAN FOUNDATION OF AMERICA ESTABLISHED INJUNE 1964 AND INCORPORATED IN THE STATE OFCALIFORNIA AS A NON·PROFIT, TAX EXEMPT ORGANI·ZATION DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF EDU·CATION OF ASSYRIANS.

ADDRESS LETTERS TOTHE EDITORNINEVEH1920 SAN PABLO AVENUEBERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94702

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A ssyrian PeriodicalsWe urge our readers to read and supportthe Assyrian publications. The activeparticipation oj all Assyrians is the onlyguarantee of the success oj Assyrianperiodicals.

IN THIS ISSUE:

• Editorial 2

• Letters to the EditorKha B'Nissan 3

• Urbillum, Arba-I1u, Arbelain Perpetual Existence

For Your Information 4

• Children of King SennacheribAssyrian RecipeWomen's Lib in Ancient Assyria 6

• The First Assyrian Graduateof Columbia University

Mar Narsai Parish Feasts& Commemorations 7

• The Assyrian Languageand Its Roots 9

• News Items 11

• . In Memoriam 13

SUBSCRIBE TO NINEVEH

We need your support tohelp defray the cost

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AS THE EDITOR SEES IT

LET US NOT ERR AGAIN

After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, for centuriesthe Assyrian people concentrated in areas embracingJezirah, Sapna of Amadia, the Northern part ofpresent day Azerbaijan, with their stronghold in themountains of Kurdistan. This territory was a part ofthe Ancient Assyrian Empire, and the present As-syrians are direct descendants of those people.

Today, the Assyrians are doctrinally divided intofive principal ecclesiastically designated religious sects,namely "Nestorians" (The Holy Apostolic & CatholicChurch of the East or The Assyrian Church of theEast), Maronites, Jacobites, Chaldeans, and SyrianCatholics. The differences between these religioussects are based purely on christology and not nation-ality.

The intent here is not to analyze the causes that ledto these divisions, among which were persecutions andmany other calamities that befell the Assyrian peoplein their ancestral homeland. Neither is it the intent tobring facts pointing to the continued existence ofAssyrians throughout history to the present time.

It is understandable that a nation, any nation, wouldhave among its nationals different religious sects orbeliefs. But there is no reason, in fact it is illogical, toidentify the nationality of the people with a name thatrepresents their religious beliefs, because in so doing,the true national identity of the people becomesobscured. It is, therefore, incumbent upon each andeveryone of these religious sects to call themselvesAssyrians with respect to their nationality. and not"Nestornaye," Maronaye, Yacobaye, Chaldaye, etc.

A second great error that we Assyrians have made isthe use of the words Suraya , Su ryaya , lishana(language) Suryaya to designate Assyrian, when thecorrect word should have been Aturaya. The nameSuraya comes from Asuraya, Assuraya, Ashuraya(Assyrian), etc., with the letter "A" being silent. Thedirect translation of the word Suraya to English andother European languages therefore became Syrian orSyriac (for the language). Hence, this designation hasbeen perpetuated by these foreign writers who failed toinvestigate and analyze the root of the word. as it hasbeen strongly pointed out by the late Dr. David B.Perley and other Assyrian writers.

It is vitally important for our national identity thateach one of us avoid usage of the word Suraya, in fact,delete it from our vocabulary and substitute for it theword Aturaya.

With this increased awareness on our part. we canhope to influence writers and historians to re-examinethe basis for the old terminology and introduce thecorrect term, Assyrian.

Let us not err again. The Assyrians of today are therightful descendants of the ancient Assyrian civilization.

Julius N. ShabbasJoel J. Elias

DEDICATED TO THEADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION

OF ASSYRIANS

NEEDSYOUR SUPPORT

One's being an Assyrian is a synthesis of heritage,religion and culture, and emotionalconsciousness that transcends all diversities,theological demographic, and otherwise. To bean Assyrian is to feel: The past is my heritage Ishall forget it not; the present, my responsibility:the future. my challenge.When a person is of Assyrian blood, he retains hisbirthright, self-esteem, and the heritage ot hisfathers. The term Assyrian is one single unity.The approach of this oneness of all Assyriansregardless of their religious adherence. is throughthe avenue of blood, and through the majesty ofcommon memories. Religion is a faith acquiredand is changeable. Nationality is one's flesh andblood; it is his total nature. Even death cannotundo it.

Dr. David B. Perley

2

Letters to the Editor

Dear Sir:

I want to thank you so very much for putting thebookad (ASSYRIAN HERITAGE-U.S. OR DEATH)in the magazine. This magazine is done very well-somuch good in it. It does my heart good to see thehistory of Assyrians being printed.

I have been giving my book to school teachers and asmany non-Assyrians asl can. This way people can seeAssyrians are still in the world. People have asked mewhat language they speak. I always say that they speakAssyrian. that it is very close to Aramaic language.From my research, I feel the schools will be teachingabout the Assyrians some years from now. It isjust amatter of time.

Mary EliaNorthridge. CA

Dear friends:

We are certainly glad for your cordial help of $100 toour son. Ken P. Joseph, five years ago when he enteredBIOLA College. and now we are glad to tell you that heis now able to graduate, thanks to your initial help,with the class of 1980. Thanks to you and theCalifornia State and the federal government. Other-wise he would never have been able to make it on ourmissionary allowance.

We also thank you for your good publicationNINEVEH.

We wonder if you ever got the word that our secondson, Bobb, also entered BIOLA planning to be a fuIJ-time servant of Jesus Christ, and I am sure that hewould appreciate any help you could give him. Itwould certainly be a great encouragement because he ishaving to work one semester. being out of school, toget caught up financially. He will enter at the nextsemester again. At that time his brother Jim, who nowgraduates from high school, will join him at BIOLACollege. I'm sure you think there is no end of theJoseph boys, but there's only one more-Mark, 12years old! We do thank the Lord that they are anxiousto go to a good Christian college and prepare for thework the Lord has for them. And we do thank you foryour help to them toward this goal. God is notunrighteous to forget your labor of love ...

Please correspond directly with Bobb at BIOLACollege, 13800 Biola Avenue, La Mirada Ca. 90637.

Kenny JosephTokyo,Japan

EDITOR'S ,-,OTE: The Assyrian Foundation IS

sending a $100 scholarship to Bobb.

Dear Sir:

Please send me some information on the Assyrianpeople and culture. I once met an Assyro-American,and was surprised to find that the culture still waspreserved. Is there a book on Assyrian-Americans?What does your association do?

Y. LoweFairchild - Dept. 3611725 Technology DriveSan Jose, CA 95110

Dear Sir:

I am enclosing an obituary statement together with apicture for you to print in your publication. As youcan see, the few paragraphs are more than obituary butrather an announcement intended to promote thestudy of our Assyrian language and culture. Weshould appreciate your printing this message, in anylanguage you choose, as soon as possible. If there arecharges for the printing the photograph, please let usknow.

Sincerely yours,Eden Naby (Frye)86 Beech StreetBelmont, Mass 02178

KHA B'NISSANThe Assyrian New Year

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Celebrated in all periods of our history onApril 1st was KHA B'NISSAN the beginningof the Assyrian New Year. In ancient times itwas known as the AKITU Festival lastingfrom .the 1st to the 12th Nissan (March-April). Rooted in our nation's foundation,this festival symbolized national linksbetween the god and the king.

Kha B'Nissan was the time of new growthand springtime and our ancient forefathersdemonstrated their greatness by recognizingthis as the time of nature's continuity of life... and logically designated this the time tocelebrate the New Year.

All traditional holidays were fully cele-brated, but when Christianity spread intoMesopotamia and later became the center ofChristian teachings, Christian rituals re-placed our national customs. Although theAssyrians were among the first to becomeChristians and missionaries of Christianity,there remained with some Assyrians, theinfluence of the ancient traditions andnational rites ... Kha B'Nissan for instance.

The Assyrian civilization is known for itsgreat achievements in fields such asastronomy, a field in which they haverenderedvaluable knowledge. But the mostnotable and valuable was that they were the

contd. page II

URBILLUM, ARBA-ILU.."ARBELA, ARBILIN PERPETUAL EXISTENCE

Julius N. Shabbas

Urbillum is the oldest name of the city later called bythe Assyrians Arbela. Arbela is the classical form ofthe Assyrian Arba-ilu (Four Gods placed in eachcorner ofthe town), the great sanctuary of the goddessIshtar for performing religious ceremonies. Arbil isthe only Assyrian settlement of importance that hasretained its original name and has been inhabitedcontinuously for thousands of years from before thedawn of history to the present day.

Some of the decisive episodes in the history of Asiahave been enacted in the region that lies between theTigris and the Lesser Zab. A vassal-state of theParthian Kings under the name of Adiabene (Hadiab),this tract of country was an asylum, under the tolerantArsacids, for Christian refugees from the Romanpersecutions, and eventually became one ofthe centersof the Assyrian Church of the East. In the middle ofthis land, between the two Zabs, the ageless andindestructible town of Arbil surmounts and encom-passes the hill or mound of Arbela, rising above theplain to the height of about 150 feet like the truncatedcone of some extinct volcano and topped with greatbrick walls. Also, here in a yet earlier age, lay the core,the heart of the Assyrian Empire.

The great mound on which the present city lays isnot the work of one or other of the kings or conquerorswho ruled Arbil. It merely grew. Modern archaeo-logical research indicates the fort or mound was builton some remains of an ancient Assyrian town calledArba-ilu, which had been built on some other ancientremains. City upon city decayed into the mound whichslowly rose through countless ages till today it standsabout twice as high as any other such mound in theworld.

Arbil was one of the group of four cities of ancientAssyria, namely, Ashur, Nineveh, Nimrod and Arbela.Arbela was the religious shrine of this early pre-Assyrian civilization, probably it was the oldest ofthose towns. The enormous mound that representsancient Arbela cannot be excavated because of thepresence of later Islamic buildings at its summit. In thefort, there are many bazaars, houses and mosques. Toa small extent some excavations were made in 1978revealing a tablet in the form of a letter addressed tothe Assyrian King Ashurbaniapal as well as a statue ofbronze of Ishtar. While reconstructing M udhafariyahStreet, a few potteries were found in some lowersediments in the base of the fort.

One of the reasons for its continuous habitationdown through the ages is that Arbil has its own water-supply, rising from deep tunnels dug several centuriesago. They cannot be destroyed by vandal conquerorsas could the irrigation channels of Babylon and Ur andthe cities of the South. But the Ishtar gods - Arba-ilu-Four Gods - would seem to have had a special care forArbela and to have protected and kept her alive longafter her far greater sister Assyrian cities had decayed,for neither Dur Sharrukin nor Nineveh were at themercy of artificial water supplies, yet for thousands ofyears they have been dead and obliterated, while Arbilhas flourished serenely. God preserved Arbil for laterAssyrian Church of the East missionary enterprises.

The first missionary to the area was Mari, thedisciple of Addai (the apostle Thaddaeus). FromEdessa he was sent to Seleucia where he found thepeople unresponsive to his preaching. Thence he wenton to Adiabene, with its capital at Arbela, and here hismissionary efforts were met with considerable success.

contd. page 5

FOR YOUR INFORMATION

• Under Emperor Yazdgard, known as the wicked, in theyear 448 A.O., there was a general persecution of greatintensity. This took place in Karkha D'beth Slukh, nowknown as Kirkuk, in Iraq. On a mound outside the city, tenbishops of the Assyrian Church of the East and 153,000others suffered martyrdom for their faith in Christ. Theredness of the gravel of the hillock, in contrast to thesurrounding soil, is said to have been caused by the blood ofthe martyrs. Yokhanan (J ohn), the Metropolitan of Karkhawas one of the martyrs.• The number of the members of the Assyrian Church ofthe East who suffered martyrdom during centuries ofChristian.historycan literally be counted in millions.• John Stuart in his book "The Nestorian Missionary

Enterprise-s-A Church on Fire" says "The amazing thing isnot where they went, but rather where did they not go."• The Encyclopedia Britannica, speaking about the ex-pansion of the Assyrian Church of the East says "Theircampaign was one of deliberate conquest, and one of thegreatest ever planned by Christian missionaries. 'Theiractivity may well be said to have covered the continent ofAsia."• The famous "Nestorian Monument in China" in Sianfu.was erected by the end of the 7th Century A. O. during thePatriarchate of Mar Khnanishoo. to commemorate theFifth Centenary of the estahlishment of the AssyrianChurch olthc East ill China. I hi, monument i, inscribed inboth Assyriac and Chinese languages.

4

Urbillurn, Arba-lIu-cont'd.

At the end of the first century Pkidha was ordainedthe first Bishop of Arbela, followed by Bishop Samsonwho died a martyr at the hands of Magians in 123,followed by Isaac who converted a Zoroastrian of thename of Raqbokt, who was an Agha of some im-portance in Adiabene. Unable to find Raqbokt to killhim, the Mobeds (members of the Magian clan) turnedtheir wrath on Bishop Isaac whom they captured andconfined for some time in a dark pit. This method oftorture was also employed in the case of Bishop Pkidhaby the family of the convert.. The rule of the ParthianKings was always tolerant. They appear to havefavored a sort of religious eclecticism themselves, andto have recognized all creeds among their subjects,though there is some evidence that the political powerof the Magian clan won for their religion a favoredposition. Still, the government was so far indifferentthat about the year 160 Abraham, then Bishop ofAdiabene, had good hopes of procuring a formal edictof toleration from the then King, Valges III, andapparently only failed in this object because theoutbreak of war with the Romans put such a triflingcircumstance out of the King's mind. During theepiscopate of Noah (163-179) many Christians feIlaway from the faith under pressure of a persecutionfrom the Magians. This, however, was not a Statepersecution; it arose from the weakness, not from themalevolence, of the Government. Noah was followedby Bishop Abel who was particularly famous as areconciler of disputes between heathens and Chris-tians.

Occasionally Christians had to suffer, in commonwith all inhabitants of the country, from wars andtumults. The Arsacid Empire had never, it wouldseem, the strength and organization of the Sassanid,and a weak central power meant, of course, a disturbedkingdom. On the whole, it is apparent that, under theArsacids, Christianity had a fair field, and came asnear to complete toleration as possible at the time.Hence it spread rapidly, particularly during the longand peaceful episcopate of Abd-Mshikha (190-225)where many churches were built, monasteries founded,and bishoprics multiplied steadily. Abd-Mshikha wasthe last Bishop of Arbela prior to the advent of theSassanian dynasty. At this period, the AssyrianChurch of the East is reported as extending from themountains of Kurdistan to the Persian Gulf. In thatarea there were no less than twenty-five bishops. Theadvent of the Sassanians produced a state of dormancyfor the Assyrian Church, though it continued to betolerated. Further, a Christian, though his right tocontinue in the faith of his fathers was recognized,took, as Christian, an inferior position.

Mingana is of the opinion that 'the city of Arbelplayed, for the countries extending east, north andsouth of the Tigris, a role no less important (ifsomewhat less known) than that played by Edessa inthe Trans-Euphratic provinces of the Roman andPersian empires in particular, and in Syria andPalestine in general. '

It was to Arbil that Darius fled after his historicdefeat by Alexander the Great, the first Europeanconqueror in Asia. The great battle was fought in 331B.C. only a few miles away near the banks of theGreater Zab.

'The vitality,' writes Soane, 'that kept Arbil inexistence since those early days has not deserted it atany period, for it has been worthy of mention at leastonce during the supremacy of everyone of the nationsthat successively ruled it, Assyrian, Mede, Persian,Greek, Parthian, Roman, Armenian, Roman again,Persian again, and Arab.

It is said that Arbil for a time had been the seat of thefamous Salah-I din who repelled the Crusaders in thetwelfth century. The Mongols, who destroyed nearlyall other cities of Mesopotamia, sacked but could notexterminate the immortal town, and the Turks, whoseindifference let so much fall into decay, were outlivedby Arbil. They abandoned it days before the Britishwalked in, and never a shot was fired by British armsand never a bomb was dropped on Arbil.

Today, Arbil presents a most beautiful scenery andit is attractive because of its historical background.Arbil is being developed rapidly. More factories,buildings, hotels and rest houses are being built. Itsmoderate climate in both summer and winter adds toits attraction and flocking by tourists. Arbil by daytowers as a mountain and a landmark, by night itslights shine as a beacon for many miles.

New Members

The Assyrian Foundation wishes towelcome Flora (nee Ashouri) and herhusband, Bob Kingsbury of Orinda asnew members of the Foundation.

5

BEHNAM & SARAH CHILDREN OFKING SENNACHERIB OF ASSYRIA

Otto Meindarus writing about two historical monas-teries of the Assyrian Church of the East now in thehands of the Jacobite Assyrians and Rome says thatPrince Behnam was converted to Christianity on ahunt. He lost the trail of the stag and received thevision of an angel ordering him to search for a monk inthe Monastery of Mar Mattai who healed his sisterSarah of leprosy ... Since - those events are said tohave occurred prior to the Assyrian schism, pre-sumably this monastery, like that of Mar Mattai, wasin the hands of the Assyrian Church of the East untilthe 6th century, when the Jacobite Assyrians tookpossession of it.

Describing the interior decorations of Mar Behnam,the author says that the decorations reveal manyunusual Christian symbols, colors of green and blue(used in the Assyrian Church baptismal and weddingceremonies) and above the saint a crown shaped basketwith the saint carried by two angels heaven-ward, andhis sister Sarah dressed as an Assyrian princess.

From "Light of the East" Magazine

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ASSYRIAN RECIPE

DOLMA (Cabbage)

2 Ibs. Iamb meatI onionI green pepper4 stalks celery2 stalks leek12 bunch dill12 cup rice (raw)I cabbage (5 Ibs.)I - 8 oz. can tomato sauce or

112 cup catsup12 cup cold water2 fresh lemonsI teaspoon sugarI teaspoon saltI teaspoon black pepperI teaspoon paprika\4 Ib. butter (chunks)

Bone and dice meat. Rinse with cold water; place insaucepan and cover. Bring to a boil. When water hasevaporated, add diced onion and cook until brown.

Cut up green pepper, celery, leek and dill fine;combine together with mixture of meat.

Boil cabbage until leaves separate. Pour cold waterover leaves and drain. Separate leaves and split in halfor thirds (depending on size of leaf). Take about Iteaspoonful of mixture and place in center of leaf androll up cabbage leaf. Arrange in large saucepan inlayers.

Combine tomato sauce or catsup, water, juice oflemons, sugar, pepper, salt and paprika. Cooktogether and bring to a boil. Strain and pour overstuffed cabbage. Pour in I cup of cold water; addbutter and cook over low flame until leaves are soft andtender.

WOMEN'S LIB IN ANCIENT ASSYRIA

In the Assyrian and Babylonian laws, women haddefinite rights and considerable freedom and inde-pendence. They took active part in commercialtransactions, even becoming what in our days might becalled managers of industry. The greater economicfreedom of women in Assyria and Babylonia was theresult of the greater wealth of these two nations. Thefrequent absence of many men on expeditions pro-moted the economic activity of the women at home.

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THE FIRST ASSYRIAN GRADUATE OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY,ABRAHAM YOHANNAN, PH.D.

Dr. Abraham Yohannan was born April 25, 1853, inUrrnia, Persia. After he received his preliminaryeducation in the town-school and at home, he enteredUrmia College, Urmia in 1864. He took a six years'course encompassing the study of Oriental languages,as Assyriac. Arabic. Persian. Armenian. Science andTheology.

After graduation in 1870, he was appointed to giveinstruction in Oriental languages in Urmia Collegeuntil 1886 when he was called to the United States ofAmerica to assist in the revision of the Scriptures inModern Assyriac under the auspices of the BibleSociety. He entered the General Theological Semi-nary. New York, in 1888 and graduated in 1890. Dr.Yohannan founded the Oriental Mission and joined itto St. Bartholomew's Church, New York. He waspromoted to the Holy orders of Priesthood by BishopPotter of N ew York in 1891.

In 1893. he entered the School of Philosophy ofColumbia University to pursue his studies in some ofthe Semitic languages under Professor R.J. H. Gottheil,and Indo-Iranian under Professor A. V. W. Jackson.He received the degree of M.A. in 1895.

In 1895, he was appointed Lecturer in ModernOriental languages at Columbia University, and was acandidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, hissubjects being the Semitic and Indo-Iranian languages.

In 1900, he was still engaged in giving instruction inthe Oriental languages in Columbia University, andwas in charge ofthe Oriental Mission of St. Bartholo-mew's Church.

In 1900, he wrote a Modern Syriac-English Dic-tionary (Alap only consisting of 65 pages) which wassubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements forthe Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Philo-sophy, Columbia University.

His book "The Death of a Nation or the EverPersecuted Nestorians or Assyrian Christians" waspublished in 19 I6. The book consists of 170 pages and27 illustrations and a map .. Another book written byDr. Yohannan is entitled "A Church of Martyrs,"published in 1917 by Putnam's, NY.

FEASTS AND COMMEMORATIONS'Assyrian Church of the East, Mar Narsai Parish, 3939 Lawton Street,

San Fransisco (731-9537), Archdeacon Nenos S. Michael officiating.

5-18-805-25-807- I3-808-3-808- I7-809-14-80I 1-2-8011-16-8011-30-8012-24-8012-25-80

Feast of AscensionFeast of PentecostFeast of NoserdellFeast of TransfigurationSt. Mary's DepartureFeast of the CrossFirst Sunday of HallowingCommemoration of all SaintsFirst Sunday of AdventWednesday before ChristmasNativity of Our LordJesus Christ (Christmas)

Sunday Qurbana 9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.7:00 p.m.ServiceWed.

Thursday Qurbana 9:00 a.m.

Note: All Sundays of the year not mentioned above are the morningservice, and begin promptly at I I :00 a.m.

7

CONTRIBUTIONS

United Way $ 2.06

BUILDING PLEDGESMr. and Mrs. David HendersonMr. Youra Tamraz

50.0050.00

NINEVEH MAGAZINEMr. and Mrs. James EliaMr. Ninus DavidMr. John BooneMr. and Mrs. Charles YonanMr. Tony Badal

10.0020.006.00

15.0012.00

MEMBERSHIP DUES'Mr. and Mrs. David HendersonMs. Janet YonanMr. and Mrs. Phrydon BadalMr. and Mrs. Fredrick AshouriMr. and Mrs. Martin JacobMr. Jacob Malek ZadehMr. Youra TamrazMr. and Mrs. Sargon YeldaMr. and Mrs. Gabriel J. SayadMr. and Mrs. Baba MoushoulouMr. and Mrs. Ferdinand BadalMr. Sarkis BenjaminMr. Eshaya D'Mar ShimunMr. and Mrs. George GeevargisMr. and Mrs. Youbird SolomonMr. and Mrs. Youel A. BaabaMr. and Mrs. Charles SarnoMr. and Mrs. Victor BadalMr. and Mrs. John Sargoni

20.0010.0020.0020.0020.0015.0015.0020.0020.0025.0020.0030.0015.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.00

ASSYRIAN FOUNDATION'S NEXT

ACTIVITY

Picnic at Robert Crown Memorial Park in Alamedaon Sunday, June 22. 1980, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Dinner at12:30 p.m. - Barbeque-Music-Volleyball-Nartekh-ta-Other Games.

WE ARE VERY GLAD THAT .Sankhiro Khofri's recovery is progressing very well

from his recent illness. We were delighted to see him atMar Narsai Parish on Easter day, and also at ourMembership Meeting on April 19.

FOXCOFFEESHOP

Grand Opening1419 Burlingame Ave.

Burlingame, CA692-2711

Varooj Manuelian7 days a week - 8 a.m. - 5 p.m.

A U A Foundation is Producing Film

The Assyrian Universal Alliance Foundation isproducing a film that will focus upon the causes andeffects of the Assyrian refugee problems from allquarters of the middle east.

The first phase of the film is already completed asseveral governmental officials have been interviewedon film for this purpose. They have discussed theproblems of persecution of our people in the middleeast and discussed the series of events and circum-stances that drove our Assyrian people from theirhomelands and forced them into western cultures andsocieties where they have difficulty adjusting.

The second phase of the filming calls for interviewswith the resettlement and professional people whowork with the refugees after their integration into theirnew environment.

The target date for completion is late spring and thefilm will be available for showing to groups who wouldbe interested.

The Sentinel

8

THE ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE & ITS ROOTS

Sometime ago I read a report by Reuter's rovingcorrespondent stating that in a remote village in Syriathey still speak Aramaic - the language Christ spoke.By the way Jesus never spoke or knew Hebrew.

That correspondent is one of. now rare, journalists,well steeped in the history of the Middle East andcapable of distinguishing the various languages anddialects spoken in the area - languages and dialectsthat speak of the ancient and tumultuous history of theMiddle East.

However, all the names gi.ven to Aramaic ood: referredto by the correspondent are byforeigners. Thus it has alsocome to be known as Syriac,SGryoyo, Ohaldean and Mum-aya. The latter name wasgiy-en by the Part'hians

The confusion, as' regard: thename, was started by theGreeks, particularly by thatFather of History, Herodotus,and this confusion has persistedupto the present day for relig-ious ao.d ottJer reasons and byDilettanti in Eastern bnguagesbistory and arehaeology.

Sometime ago a JJleIIlbeZ' oftile Syriac Writers' Sociefiy'in.Baghdad compiled a catalogueof works prmted in the Iangu-age spoken by Christ since theUnention of the press.

To compile it he searched Ii-bluies in Iraq and private eo-llections. He also wrote to sev-eral world libmries, such as tibeBritish Museum Library, Libl'-ary of Congress, New York;Public Library and ClevelandPublic Library. Most of thelibraries respond-ed positivelyby fUl'Bishing him. copies oftheir cabdogues, such headinpas: Aramaic Syriac Syriac;Syriac, modem. ' '

'nle New York Public Libra-ry classified under the bead-ing "Neo-Assyrian". The BritishMuseum LibraT'y. indicated itwould re-catalogue tile booband other printed materialsin its possea;ioD under ~e he-ading "NeO-Assyrian" in thefuture.

When the book cataloguewas dnwn up, it containedmore than 360 titles of booksprinted in Neo-Assyrian ormodem Syriac. However, thiscannot be considered as a com-plete list as some libraries hadnot replied, and also the taskwas too much for one man.

To call that l:a!llguageas As-syrian usually raises eyebrowsand brings forth angry retorts,for <mereason or another, bec-ause the language spoken andwritten by presen't-diay .As8yri-ans is not ·the same languagethat was spoken or written, sayduring the era of Ashurbani-pal (66.631 Be). Of course itis not, just as much as pr~t-day English, or for that matterGreek, is not similar to thatwhich was spoken before. Lan-guages continue to develop butkeep to their roots. '

According to the article pu-blished in Baghdad Observer(Page 6 - 18/1/1980), anItalian professor traced theroots of soine European wordsto the Accadian laDguage (an-other coofusion). u that i& p0-ssible, then it is equally p0ssib-le that the Assyrian language,as spoken today, may ~

I words going badt to thoUS8!Ddsof years. J , fact there are. Astudy on Ashurbanipal's accou-nt or his seven campaigns rev-eals that more than 120 wordshe used are currently m com-mon use by illiterate Assyrians!

Witih the fall of Ninevah(609 Be), there was apparentdecline in literary activities inthe Middle East. The Assyrianscientists, engineers, architectsand army officers were forcedinto the iPartlhian service. TheParthians organised' their adm-inistration, army and architec-ture on Assyrian models. Theyalso adopted Assyrian c-uniformcharacters for their writing,which further developed frombierographic to separate wordsand into 39 phonetic signs oralphabets - but retaining thecunifonn characters. Whetherthis remarkable developmentwas by Parthians or by theirAIIyrian servants is debatllMe.

On stage several plays ha-ft been perfOl'llllfld duriDJ the

past decade. Currently, at theAssyrian Cultural Club a dramais under rehearsal. This drama,"SONG OF HOPE", writtenand directed by Goriel Shimon,is in a way more significantthan previous plays, in that ithas a cast of 20 amateur actors(five girls and fifteen boys...all college and high school st-udents). Previous plays used tohave less than five actors.

- The phonology and phonet-ics of Neo-Ara.rna.ic as spoken-by the Assyrians in Iraq.- Grammar of the ModernSyriac language as spoken inOroomiah (Urmia) , Persia. andKoordistan) by D.T. Stoddard(J ournal of the American Ori-ental Society, Vol. 5, 1956).- Studies in Modem Syriac-H,J. Polotsky's paper in Jour-nal of Semitic studtes,- The MOl'Iphologyof the Verbin Modern Syriac - R. Hetzr-ow. (Journal of American Ori-ental Society, Vol. 89, 1969.)- 0.1. MarogWov's Grammarfor Adults Sdtools (in Syriac)Moscow, 1935.

The English, French andGerman languages have beengreatly developed by scholarlystudies, by the science of ling-uistics, and by philologists andothers. But as to the Assyrianlanguage it has developed nat-urally keeping tenaciously toita roots.

ABU ASHUR

BAGHDAD OBSERVER, Feb. 6, 1980

The two-hour three-act-playis scheduled to go on BaghdadTheatre stage on February 10,for three days. Later it will bestaged in Kirkuk for two tblysat the request of the Assyrianclubs and societies there.

ID other parts of tile worldscholastic interest in the Ass-yrian Language continues togrow as the following titles,·given by Dr. Mward Youkiha-nna as reference in his articleon phonetics published in theAuyrian Cultul'al MataziDe ofMay 18, 1978.

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NEWS ITEMS

BERKELEY

The Assyrian Foundation held its first function ofthe year at our Cultural Center on March 22, cele-brating Kha B'Neesan, the Assyrian New Year. Theattendants danced Khiga, Shaikhani and other fancyAssyrian step dances to the music of Sargon MayelianBand. A beautiful time was had by all.

SAN FRANCISCO

Bishop Mar Narsai, Metropolitan of the AssyrianChurch of the East, visited the Assyrian community ofSan Francisco Bav Area in February. He officiated inthe offering of Qurbana Qadisha (Holy Communion)at the Mar Narsai Parish in San Francisco. Theservices were followed by breakfast in the SocialCenter and a dvnarnic, informative talk by MarNarsai. He indicated that Mar Addai Church inTurlock has purchased a 17acre land in the Ceres areawhich will accommodate a Seminary, a second churchin the San Joaquin Valley, a parsonage and a printingpress.

SWEDEN

The Assyrian community in Sweden continues togrow. Their number is in excess of 12,000 with over10,000 of them coming from Turkey. They make use oftelevision and radio in Assyriac, print magazines andnewspapers in Assyrian and Swedish.

CHINA

The earliest map of the stars to be found in Chinahas been discovered in a temple pagoda in Suzhou, oneof the ancient cultural cities of East China. The map isdated AD 1005 and printed with wood blocks. Itdepicts the 28 "lunar mansions" of ancient C~i~a andthe zodiacal signs of Babylon on a Sanskrit mean-tation. In the center is a painting depicting Buddhiststories. The map will provide important material forthe study of the history of astronomy in China and theintroduction of Babylonian astronomy into China.

AUSTRALIA

After ten years of establishing the Assyrian Aus-tralian Association and purchasing a five acre block ofland for its headquarters, the Association felt that thetime has come to start building. Thus, on Sunday,:\ ovember 4, 1979, the Association announced this dayan all Assyrian feast day. Members of the associationand the Assyrian community as well were invited towitness the ground breaking. About two thousand

people responded to the invitation. It was a jubilantoccasion with Nineveh band playing, dance loverscarrying rows of Khega on the grass, with the ~ss~rianpoet, singer and composer, Envia Shorn on smgmg.The ladies committee were busy cooking forty heads ofsheep which were donated for the occasion,. ot~erfamilies sitting by their shining Semavars enjoyingtheir usual Chai Deshlama. With Mr. Alfonso Tawaras the M.C., he called upon Archdeacon YounanKiwarkis of the Assyrian Church of the East to blessthe occasion, followed by a talk by the Secretary of theAustralian Chapter of A.U.A., then Mr. YouawKarina, the president of the Association. Mr. Kannastated that, since the Association's establishment in1969, it has been instrumental in establishing a church,forming the A. U.A. Australian Chapter, ~epres.e~t~ngthe Assyrian community in all fields of SOCialactrvittes,establishing an Assyrian radio program and anAssyrian language school.

The first shovel in the ground breaking was startedby Mr. Kanna with a donation of $100, follo~e? by thecommittee members, members of the ASSOCiatIOnandthe attendants. Within an hour, the sum of $18,000was donated. Within two months, the foundation forthe center was laid and 95 percent of the steel skeletonwas erected.

Editor's Note: The Assyrian Foundation of Americawishes LOcongratulate the Assyrian Australian Associa-tion for their dedication in the pursuit for a unitedAssyrian effort.

Kha B'Nissan-cont'd.

first to divide the year into seasons: Springand fall and organized the first calendar inthe history of man, dividing the year into 12months, the days into 360, the day into 24hours, the hour into 60 minutes, and theminutes into 60 seconds.

Fundamentally, the festival is derivedfrom the heart of nature connected withagriculture which observed two importantchanges that nature undergoes: First,regrettng the disappearance of greenery thatis buried or destroyed in the fall; second,rejoicing to the rebirth of life that naturebrings forth in the form of boundlessquantities of crops. These changes had aprofound impact on the Assyrian farmer andhis way of life, whereby he celebrates threefestivals: The first in the month of Tamuz(July), second, in the month of Tishrin(October), and the third, in the month ofNissan (April).

The God Tamuz is buried in the month ofTamuz; traditionally water is sprinkled tohelp him reach the underworld. In October,Tamuz travels down to the underworld tomeet the Goddess Eresgikal. Ishtar de-scends down the underworld and resurrectsTamuz six months later, and by hisresurrection revives life on earth . . . KhaB'Nissan.

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-12

-

IN MEMORIAM

IN MEMORY OF REV. MISHAEl S. NABYBy Eden Sahy (Frye)

The Rev. Mishael S. Naby of Urmi and Philadelphiapassed away on 13 of Februarv, 1980. He had liveda full and fruitful life in th~ service of God hisfellow man, and his community. '

Rev. Naby was born in Gulpashan on 18 Sept.1898 to Shumun and Shakar. He graduated fromthe American Missionary College in Urrni in 1914.After suffering imprisonment and displacementdur ing WW 1, he became a teacher. A vision of Christled him to the ministry which he joined in 1934.In Philadelphia, he preached for the Assyrian Pres-byterian communi tv from 1952 to 1964. He issurvived by his wife Lillie, daughter Eden, sonDante, a grand-daughter and a sister.

Known chiefly as a tel' 1-. ,- author. poet an.:pastor, Rev. Nabys memory 1S being honored byhis family and friends through a fund, at HarvardUniversity, for the purchase of books in the Assyrianlanguage to assure the collection of printed Assyrianbooks at this world famous university library. Taxdeductable donations made out to Harvard CollegeLibrary for the Mishael S. Naby Assyrian Fund,

may be sent to Dr. David H. Partington, MiddleEastern Librarian, Harvard University, Cambridge,Mass. 02138.

While supplies last copies of Rev. Naby's books"The Key to Heaven" and Psalms and Songs of aPersian will be sent if requested by a note accom-panying the donation to the Fund.

Editor's note: The Assyrian Foundation extends its condolences tothe survivors of Rev. M.S. Naby.

PHRYDON ASHOURI

The Assyrian Foundation extends its deepest sym-pathy and condolence to Mr. and Mrs. Babajan!\~huuri 011 urlock , California on the recent Im~ oftheir son, Phrydon, in Tehran, Iran.

A memorial service, officiated by Reverend Wassilwas held at the Assyrian Evangelical Church in

TO SHIMSHUN KASSO BRlIlIAI have no long-erthe will nor

the capacity to weep for fallingcolleagues, or friends, bu. Ihave the will to weep for thuaewho still survive and fullyaware that they are coademnedto untimely de::!'1 like yours.

Unlike ether people we driftinto oblivion broken.hearted,unjustly frustrated, deniedself.fulfillmEnt and the simples]and little joys commonly ex.pericnced in ordinary life -peace of mind and a bit ofhappiness.

You remember almost more than twelve years agohow we nightly tore away our nerves, suffered humiliationand sleepless nights and agony to. have "The BaghdadObserver" the following morning at the newspapersstands.

Mr. Shimshon I am not writing an obituary bututt..ering a painful cry of protest for the survival of therest and the very few honourable men in the condemned.cell of journalism. The very few who have no alternativebut fu face their tra·gic and suicidal dearth similar toyours.

We are all aware thai death is a physical reality forthe layman that may come gradwilly giving warnings orsmall hints and fainting glimpse of hope, but our deathis a daily p4)SSibilitythat may strike unexpectedly at thebreakfast table or dming a pearefoI evening walk. AndunJike other people we are daily ha1llDltedby nightmaresand nightly crucified by news items at the editing desksomewhere in bleak and badlyJit rooms.

We are denied normal death siDee our lives aretragieally self..acceieratiDg towards death ami JJooby.trapped that may be. triggered off without waruing aDd:withou.t the faintest glimpse of &ope.

Mr. Shimshon I am not wallowing in self.pity as maehas I am protesting against having to lead, as you did, aghost life constantly nailed at the finger tip of unwantedand: never thought of suicide.

Baghdad ObserverFeb. 2. 1980

Bless YouSaadoun Fadhil

Turlock. This was followed by a memorial dinnerwhere eulogies were presented.

Phrydon is also survived by a brother, Fredrick ofDanville, California, and two sisters, Florence Yonanof Pleasanton, California and Flora Kingsbury, ofConcord. Ca lifornin ~

'"I hou has created us lor Thyself, and our heartcannot be quieted till it may find repose in Thee."

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Alameda. June 22, 1980

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FROM: TO: Non-ProfitOrganizationU.S. Postage

PAIDBerkeley, CA

Permit No. 552ASSYRIAN FOUNDATION OF AMERICA1920 San Pablo AvenueBerkeley, Ca. 94702

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Lion on the sacred way - Babylon

Bull on the Ishtar Gate - Babylon

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