ninti one research presentation day theme 3: community and culture

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2013 Ninti One Research Presentation Day Innovation for Remote Australia www.nintione.com.au

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Ninti One Research Presentation Day, 8 August 2013, National Portrait Gallery, Canberra. Theme 3: Community and Culture

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

2013 Ninti One Research Presentation Day

Innovation for Remote Australia

www.nintione.com.au

Page 2: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Theme 3 – Community and Culture

Facilitator:  Steve Blake

Speakers:  Tim AckerDamien JacobsenTammy AbbottLorraine KingMark InkamalaMike Dockery

Page 3: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Economies Project

Research Leader – Tim Acker, Curtin University

Page 4: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

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A national network – a complex environment

Artists Agents Audiences

Community

Location

Age/Gender

Education

Facilities

Business Models

HR

Location

Number/Supply

National

International

Public Galleries + Museums

FestivalsFreelance Artists

Scope and Scale

Micro-enterprise

Buyers

HR

E-biz

Page 5: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

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Widely varying estimates of the scope and scale of the sector.

Uneven and competitive funding environment.

Oversupply and over pricing issues.

Major changes in regulatory and policy settings.

Enormous variability between regions.

Disconnections between artists, agents and consumers.

Increasing fragility in art centres

Starting out….

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Research Projects

Scope and scale of the sector

Remote area microenterprise

Consumer dynamics

Human resources

Ebusiness

Art outside art centres

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Who we are and how we are doing our work

Alice Woodhead: Senior Researcher

Susan Congreve: PhD candidate

Kim Petersen: PhD candidate

Jessica Booth: Masters Student

Michelle Whittle: Honours Student

Iris Bendor: Honours Student

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Early results: Scope and Scale of the Industry Surveyed 200 private + 80 public art businesses: 50% response rate.

Businesses: 6% Aboriginal, 7% international, 38% male, 62% female.

87% of respondents in businesses for 5+ years.

Sourcing of works: 36% purchased directly from artists, 47% from art centres.

Sales down 13.5%, but expected to grow by 14.3% in next five years.

Page 9: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

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Early Results: Art outside of Art Centres

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Early Results: Consumer Behaviour

75% female, 93% lived in Australia, with the largest group living locally.

47% had most recently purchased an acrylic painting. 

70% had spent less than $500 on that purchase.

Very few buyers of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander art online.

Aesthetics by far the most important purchase criteria, though ‘aesthetics’ vary widely. 

Provenance is important to many buyers, consumers vary in their allegiances.

Lack of awareness of the Indigenous Art Code.

Desire for more reliable consumer information, and lack of confidence in claims of ethical business practices.

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Expected outcomes Better understanding of audience/consumer behaviour resulting in more 

effective marketing.

Improved linkages between participants in the ‘art supply chain’.

More efficient recruitment and better retention rates.

Toolboxes and performance indexes for artists, directors, staff and external agencies.

Industry information to assist in managing fast‐changing market, funding, policy and community circumstances.

Independent artists’ improved professional practice and knowledge.

More informed decision‐making by artists, directors and staff on key strategic, business, marketing and future development.

Identification and promotion of new business opportunities.

Page 12: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

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Principal Research LeaderTim Acker – Curtin UniversityE: [email protected]: 0410 038 226

Photos copyright and courtesy of Western Desert Mob Art Centres

Page 13: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

www.nintione.com.au

Page 14: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Community and Culture

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Tourism ProjectResearch Leader: Damien Jacobsen, Southern Cross University

Page 15: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Visitors to Australia's Main Remote Tourism Regions: 2008/09 to 2011/12 ('000s) 

Page 16: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participation in Tourism 

Page 17: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

‐ Decolonise discourse

‐ Innovative

‐ System components

‐ Long term 

‐ Collaborative

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Remote Tourism: Our Approach

Page 18: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

‐ Small/medium Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander enterprise

‐ Remote context

‐ Relevance to sector

‐ Broad stakeholder group interests

‐ Relevance to theory

Maximising Impact

Page 19: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Small Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Remote Tourism Enterprise

‐ A collaborative approach

‐ Diversification

‐ Tourism on country

‐ Balanced obligations

‐ Networking

‐ Growth capacity

Page 20: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Market Segments for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander remote tourism

Aboriginal Tourism Domestic Tourists

% of Aboriginal tourism visitors (2009) 

71         

% of all Domestic  Tourists (2009) 

<3         

Annual trend 2006 to 2010  Average 19% decline per year     Key Segments  Active NT  Young Singles  

Introduction Business  meeting excursioners

Retired self‐drive 

Leisure opportunists  

International Tourists          % of Aboriginal tourism visitors (2009) 

29         

% of all International Tourists  (2009)

17         

Annual trend 2006 to 2010  Average 4.9% decline per year     Key Decline Markets  Germany  Japan  UK  US  South Korea Key Growth Markets  Indonesia  India   China  Thailand  France 

Source: Tourism Research Australia

 

Page 21: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Market Segments for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander remote tourism

Remote Tourism Overall Visitors (Domestic Overnight and International,  ‘000s)

2008/09 2009/10  2010/11 2011/12  

  6,939  6,251  6,147  6,883   Domestic Overnight Tourists           % of all visitors  to 13 main 

remote  regions (2011/12)82         

  Annual trend 2008/09 to 2011/12 

Approx. 1.7% increase per annum.     

International Tourists            % of all visitors  to 13 main 

remote  regions (2011/12)17         

  Annual trend 2008/09 to 2011/12 

Approx. 5% decrease per annum. 

Key Remote Tourism Segments             Fly‐drive   4WDers  Caravan & 

CampingGrey Nomads

Volunteer Tourists

    Wildlife Tourists  

Fishing Tourists  

Eco‐Tourists   Back‐packers  

Corporate/ conventions  

    Education groups

       

Source: compiled using Tourism Research Australia data, accessed at  http://www.ret.gov.au/tourism/research/tra/Pages/default.aspx,  Jacobsen (2013) 

 

Page 22: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Support for Aboriginal Researchers studying Tourism

‐ Low Representation

‐ Genesis from Desert Movement

‐ Scholarships

‐ Research Capacity Building

‐ University Partnerships

‐ Partner Networks

Page 23: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Dr Damien JacobsenPrincipal Research LeaderAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Tourism ProductCRC for Remote Economic ParticipationPO Box 157C/O School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Southern Cross UniversityPhone: 02 6620 3042Mobile: 04 1666 2009E‐mail: [email protected]

Page 24: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

www.nintione.com.au

Page 25: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Community and Culture

Ninti One Aboriginal Community Researchers

Tammy Abbott, Senior ResearcherLorraine King, Aboriginal Community ResearcherMark Inkamala, Aboriginal Community Researcher

Page 26: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

A large part of Ninti One’s research employs local community members 

The reason is simply: The results of the research are better because local people are more informed and have an in‐depth understanding of history, community, language and culture.

Trained Aboriginal Community Researchers make an essential contribution to research in several ways.

Page 27: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

They use a range of skills, Aboriginal language and literacies, and contribute to all phases of the research including the 

design and fieldwork in their communities.

Page 28: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

They are skilled in undertaking all aspects of high quality research including face‐to‐face surveys, focus groups, data 

collection, cultural analysis and reporting.

Page 29: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

They provide unique insights and understandings into local communities in remote Australia. 

Page 30: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

They are proud to be undertaking research work which will benefit people living and working in remote Australia. 

Page 31: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

These processes are important, but the results are what we value the most. Examples include:

• Recommendations on practical ways to improve services in education, vehicle safety, aged care, employment and other services

• Knowledge to support tobacco use reduction• Advice on improving governance and communicationAboriginal Community Researchers also play a key role in many of the CRC‐REP research projects 

Page 32: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture
Page 33: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

www.nintione.com.au

Page 34: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Reconceptualising Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander

Mobility

Population Mobility & Labour Markets Project

Principal Research Leader – Mike Dockery

Page 35: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Theoretical perspectives from different disciplines

• Harris‐Todaro model (economics)

• Gravity models

• Diversifying resource access across time and space (McAllister et. al. 2009)

• Nomadism – moving into regions in resource‐rich times

Page 36: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander Mobility

• From first engagement, mobility patterns have been seen as ‘problematic’:

• Initially seen as random and unproductive• The many policies to ‘civilise’ and ‘assimilate’ had the deliberate aim of sedentisation

• To this day to be seen as inconsistent with mainstream models of service delivery and attempts to ‘Close the Gap’. 

Page 37: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mobility

• Must be understood in the context of past and contemporary policies and practices, along with enduring and evolving aspirations

• The maintenance of kinship ties, cultural obligations and connections to land are key drivers of temporary mobility

• Morphy’s (2010) three layered model: Sacred geography and associated settlements Nodal individuals Kinship networks

Page 38: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Limited contemporary evidence

• “…policy makers who contemplate the effects of temporary mobility on the spatial pattern of demand for services do so in an information vacuum.” (Taylor: 2006)

• Virtually all ‘representative’ studies based on Census data• Known to undercount Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 

(eg. Alice Springs Town camps)• Use of culturally inappropriate constructs

• Case study evidence – limited and dated

Page 39: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Key lessons from the literature

• The traditional drivers of kinship, culture and country have proven to be extremely resilient

• “Attachment to place and community prevail, irrespective of a history of changing government policies.  There appears no reason to expect that these attachments will change in the foreseeable future.” (Memmott et al. 2006)

• “Even after 200 years of colonisation … involving radical dispossession of Aboriginal groups and … severe curtailment of their freedom to move around their country, nearly 70% … recognised a homeland or traditional country” (Morhpy 2010)

Page 40: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Reconceptualising mobility:A wellbeing approach

• Mobility is a means to accessing things that contribute to wellbeing

including physical and social resources, relationships, knowledge, experiences, networks etc.

• The objective of policy should be to maximise wellbeing!

Page 41: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Why is it different for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders?

• Centrality of family and the extended kinship system

• Importance of reciprocity and quality of relationships

• The role of connections to land and to the past in sense of self‐identity ‘Country’, homelands, sacred sites, Songlines, the Dreamtime

• ‘… a map of the Dreaming provides a kind of ecological map for the efficient and secure exploitation of resources’ (Young & Doohan 1989, citing Toyne & Vachon 1984).

Page 42: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

In what sense is Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mobility problematic?

• More precisely, the issue is with temporary mobility

• Seeing like a State (James C. Scott 1998)

• Culturally inappropriate constructs

• “The concept of Indigenous temporary mobility has come into prominence as … an aspect of indigenous culture critical to the explanation for the disadvantage experienced by Australia’s Indigenous peoples, including adverse housing outcomes” 

(Memmott et al 2004)

Page 43: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

CRC‐REP Population Mobility andLabour Markets Project

• To enhance economic participation and livelihoods and to address disadvantage faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders living in remote Australia

• Through … A better understanding of the factors driving temporary mobility  Empirical estimates of the extent and patterns of temporary mobility Development of a computer‐based model with capacity for prediction 

and scenario planning• For…

Improved planning and decision making by Remote communities Service providers/delivery Policy makers Employers

Page 44: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture
Page 45: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Travel away from community for services?

05

101520253035404550

Sometimes

Often

Page 46: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Most common overnight trip:main reason for going

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Attend cultural event/festival/business

Hunting/collecting bush tucker

Bank/finance

See a doctor/other health services

Holidays

Football

Visit family and friends

Shopping

Page 47: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Overall, how many times do you goand stay away overnight?(Mean ≈ 20.2 times/year)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Morethanonce aweek

Aboutonce aweek

Everycouple ofweeks

Aboutonce amonth

Everycouple ofmonths

Once ayear

Less thanonce ayear

Don'ttravel

Page 48: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

Project Partners

• Australian Bureau of Statistics• Central Land Council• Charles Darwin University• Curtin University• Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and 

Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA)• Northern Territory Government• Tangentyere Council • University of South Australia• Waltja Tjutangku Palyapayi• Western Australian Government

Page 49: Ninti One research presentation day Theme 3: Community and Culture

www.nintione.com.au