nist-forensics science activity
DESCRIPTION
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NIST Forensic Science Activities:
Latent Fingerprints
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2009 National Academies Report
Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward Accuracy, reliability, and validity of latent fingerprint analysis
Standards for data interoperability & sharing Human factors research to advance
Advanced measurement of technologies to automatically map record & recognize
validation, reliability & proficiency testing
t th d l t f f i
to automatically map, record & recognize latent fingerprint features
promote the development of forensic science [as applied to latent fingerprints] into a mature field of multi-disciplinary
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research and practice
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Rolled (ink capture)
What are Latent Fingerprints?
Pl i (i
Conventional Fingerprints Latent Fingerprint
( lift)Plain (inkk capture)) (powdder lift)
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Tip
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Why Are Latents Difficult?
Smudge Discontinuous Ridges
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Why Are Latents Important?
Homeland Security Military & IntelligenceLaw Enforcement / Criminal Justice
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NIST Fingerprint Milestones
1960s 1986
2000
2003
2006
2009
2010
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NIST reports feasibilityy of automated finggerprint matchingg
1st standard for fingerprint exchange: ANSI/NIST
ANSI/NIST widely used in the US and internationally
1st largge-scale automatic fingerprint matching test ((FppVTE))g p g DHS uses results for developing operational systems
NIST initiates testing of latent fingerprint matching systems
NIST tests use of extended features sets for latent ID FBI uses results for Next Generation Identification system
ANSI/NIST adopts extended feature sets
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e e e ce data
Customers and Community
Industryy
Government
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Developers & Researchers: Measurement & failure analysis Standards Conferences, Journals Reference data Academia
Users & Practitioners: Performance rankings System integration & tuning Standards
Law Enforcement Conferences,, Workshopps
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Framework: Latent ID Search
List of Candidates L t t Fi i t &
Automated Latent Identification System
(AFIS) Latent Fingerprint & Search Features
Input Output
Rank Subject ID Candidate
Print
1 0733091
Latent Fingerprint & Comparison Features
Input Output 1 0733091
2 13040332
3 3952340
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Examiner & Workstation Examiner & Workstation
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Latent Workstation
List of Candidates L t t Fi i t &
Automated Latent Identification System
(AFIS) Latent Fingerprint & Search Features
Input Output
Rank Subject ID Candidate
Print
1 0733091
Latent Fingerprint & Comparison Features
Input Output 1 0733091
2 13040332
3 3952340
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Examiner & Workstation Examiner & Workstation
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Latent Workstation: Feature Markup
Ridge ending
Examiner & Workstation
Core
Examiner & Workstation
Core
Core Indeterminate
Bifurcation
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Latent Workstation Screenshot
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Usability Research
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Design tools and human-computer interfacescomputer interfaces that arethat are efficient, effective, and intuitive
New interaction paradigms: moving away from mouse-and-click to touch technologies that mimic the wayy examiners work with photographs, loupes, and pins
Elimination of examiner bias through standardization of processes and procedures
P lidi li bili dPromote validity, reliability, and traceability
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Interoperable Feature Standards
List of Candidates L t t Fi i t &
Automated Latent Identification System
(AFIS) Latent Fingerprint & Search Features
Input Output
Rank Subject ID Candidate
Print
1 0733091
Latent Fingerprint & Comparison Features
Input Output 1 0733091
2 13040332
3 3952340
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Examiner & Workstation Examiner & Workstation
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The ANSI/NIST-ITL Standard
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Legacy of Evolving Interoperability:
1986 Standardized Minutiae
1993 Standardized Images
2000 Proprietary Feature Blocks
2010 Extended Features
Soon Universal Standard Features for Interoperable Search
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Feature Evolution Standard Feature Markup Extended Feature Markup
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Extended Feature Set (EFS) Feature quality map
interoperable Complete feature set:
Ridge ending
Complete feature set: pores ridge shape incipient ridges
Incipient
dots creases scars ridge pathsp
Protrusion
g p
Improved definitions Correspondences
Core
Pore Core
Dot
Indeterminate Bifurcation
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Latent ID Search Performance
List of Candidates L t t Fi i t &
Automated Latent Identification System
(AFIS) Latent Fingerprint & Search Features
Input Output
Rank Subject ID Candidate
Print
1 0733091
Latent Fingerprint & Comparison Features
Input Output 1 0733091
2 13040332
3 3952340
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Examiner & Workstation Examiner & Workstation
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100
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80
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Plain Search
Latent Search
State-of-the-art Performance Measurement:
Plain vs Latent Print Search Accuracy
Plain vs. Latent Print Search Accuracy
37%37%
Fingerprint Type Fingerprint Type
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Lights out Search
List of Candidates L t t Fi i t &
Automated Latent Identification System
(AFIS) Latent Fingerprint & Search Features
Input Output
Rank Subject ID Candidate
Print
1 0733091
Latent Fingerprint & Comparison Features
Input Output 1 0733091
2 13040332
3 3952340
Extract
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Examiner & Workstation Examiner & Workstation
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State-of-the-art Performance Measurement
Lights out vs Latent + manual mark-up
Image Only Image + Feature Markup
Lights out vs. Latent + manual mark up ) 80
90
100
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MorphoTrack NEC Cogent Warwick
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Lights Out Lights Out
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Latent Image Quality: Triage
? Examiner ? Examiner
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Candidate List Review
List of Candidates L t t Fi i t &
Automated Latent Identification System
(AFIS)
Rank Subject ID Candidate
Print
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Latent Fingerprint & Search Features
Input Output
Latent Fingerprint & Comparison Features
1 0733091
2 13040332
3 3952340
Input Output
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Examiner & Workstation Examiner & Workstation
Match
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Future Work
Measurement of large-scale latent ID search accuracy, and the time vs. accuracy trade-off: prediction of large-scale operational system performance better understandingg of resource reqquirements
Evaluation of interoperable latent feature sets for ID search interoperability at a higher level of accuracy
Measurement and Calibration of Latent Quality algorithms & metrics workflow optimization schemes (quality directed processing) less manual processing decreased case backlog less manual processing decreased case backlog
Evaluation/Validation of match probability models statistically quantifiable examiner match decisions
Evaluation of automated latent palm-print matching systems
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Questions?
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Match Probability Models
MATCH99 MATCH NON-MATCH
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+ % Confidence
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