nitrogen management for enhanced protein: source and timing of n applications in spring wheat

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Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat C.A. Grant 1 , C.D. Rawluk 1 , R.M. McKenzie 2 , D.N. Flaten 3 and A.M. Johnston 4 1 AAFC Brandon Research Centre, 2 Alberta Agriculture, 3 University of Manitoba, 4 Potash and Phosphate Institute

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Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat. C.A. Grant 1 , C.D. Rawluk 1 , R.M. McKenzie 2 , D.N. Flaten 3 and A.M. Johnston 4 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

C.A. Grant1, C.D. Rawluk1, R.M. McKenzie2, D.N. Flaten3 and A.M. Johnston4

1AAFC Brandon Research Centre, 2Alberta Agriculture, 3University of Manitoba, 4Potash and Phosphate Institute

Page 2: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

weather

Soil Characteristics

Factors Affecting Protein Content of WheatFactors Affecting Protein Content of Wheat

N Movementto grain

N uptake

Grain yield

Crop Genetics

Seeding Date

Agronomy

N supply and release

Page 3: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Effect of N on grain yield and protein Effect of N on grain yield and protein concentrationconcentration

1.4

1.8

2.2

2.6

0 40 80 120 160 200

N Rate (kg/ ha)

Gra

in Y

ield

(T/h

a)

12

13

14

15

16

17

Pro

tein

Conce

ntr

ati

on (

%)

YieldProtein

Page 4: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Balance Crop Demand with Nitrogen SupplyBalance Crop Demand with Nitrogen Supply

Crop Demand

Nitrogen Supply

In-crop N where crop demand exceeds soil supply

Page 5: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

In-Crop N Management For Protein• Is the extra N needed?

• Source?– Urea, UAN, ammonium nitrate

• Timing?– Seeding, tillering , boot, anthesis

• Placement?– Foliar, soil-applied

Page 6: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

MethodologyMethodology• Field studies from 1997-2000 at several

sites in Black Soil Zone of Canadian prairies

• Hard red spring wheat

• 75 kg N ha-1 applied at seeding compared to 60 kg N ha-1 applied at seeding plus 15 kg N ha-1 as in-crop application

Page 7: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Nitrogen source and timing effects on wheat Nitrogen source and timing effects on wheat protein contentprotein content

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

Pro

tein

(%

)

Bdn - 97

Mel - 9

7

Lowes -

97

Bdn - 98

Mel - 9

8

Lowes -

98

Bdn - 99

Mel - 9

9

Lowes -

99

At SeedingAm. Nitrate at Boot

Page 8: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Change in protein content by 15 kg N per ha as Change in protein content by 15 kg N per ha as AN at boot as compared to at seeding AN at boot as compared to at seeding

-0.6

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1.0

Pro

tein

(%)

Page 9: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Predicting the need for in-crop NPredicting the need for in-crop N

• Good growing conditions– yield potential exceeds the target yield

• Visual N deficiency symptoms • Tissue N levels• Use of SPAD meter–Chlorophyll meter–Assesses “greeness”

Page 10: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat
Page 11: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Protein Content and Leaf N Content Protein Content and Leaf N Content as Related to Spad Meter Readingsas Related to Spad Meter Readings

R2 = 0.9529

R2 = 0.9771

40

42

44

46

11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

Protein (%)

Chlo

rophyl

l

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Leaf

N (

%)

Chlorophyll

Leaf N

Melfort, 1999

Page 12: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Pro

tein

(%

)

Tillerin

gBoot

Anthesis

UAN

Urea

Page 13: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Pro

tein

(%

)

UAN Tille

ring

Urea T

illerin

g

UAN Boot

Urea B

oot

UAN Anth

esis

Urea A

nthesis

No NBPT

NBPT

Page 14: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Pro

tein

(%)

UAN

AM. Nitrate

Early Seeding Date

Page 15: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Pro

tein

(%

)

Tillerin

gBoot

Anthesis

UAN

Am. Nitrate

Late Seeding Date

Page 16: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Uptake of Soil- and Foliar-Applied Urea by Uptake of Soil- and Foliar-Applied Urea by Wheat in two Growth Chamber StudiesWheat in two Growth Chamber Studies

0

20

40

60

80

N R

ecov

ery

(%)

Soil Soil +NBPT

Foliar Foliar +NBPT

Foliar +Agral 90

Exp. 1Exp. 2

50 ppm base N

Page 17: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Foliar Application of NFoliar Application of N

• Under dry conditions, late N applications to soil may be unavailable

• Foliar applications may allow N uptake by plant– greater advantage in drier areas?

Page 18: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

SummarySummary• Benefit of in-crop N was variable– often only minor benefit over application of N at

seeding– consider cost of extra operation

• Ammonium nitrate >urea >UAN in increasing protein content– volatilization losses from urea– little actual foliar uptake

• UAN may be beneficial with late application under dry conditions

Page 19: Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein:  Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

The EndThe End

Thank you to Western Grains Research Foundation, ARDI, Westco, Envirotest Laboratories, Simplot and MII for their support of this research