nitrogen management for enhanced protein: source and timing of n applications in spring wheat
DESCRIPTION
Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat. C.A. Grant 1 , C.D. Rawluk 1 , R.M. McKenzie 2 , D.N. Flaten 3 and A.M. Johnston 4 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat
C.A. Grant1, C.D. Rawluk1, R.M. McKenzie2, D.N. Flaten3 and A.M. Johnston4
1AAFC Brandon Research Centre, 2Alberta Agriculture, 3University of Manitoba, 4Potash and Phosphate Institute
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weather
Soil Characteristics
Factors Affecting Protein Content of WheatFactors Affecting Protein Content of Wheat
N Movementto grain
N uptake
Grain yield
Crop Genetics
Seeding Date
Agronomy
N supply and release
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Effect of N on grain yield and protein Effect of N on grain yield and protein concentrationconcentration
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
0 40 80 120 160 200
N Rate (kg/ ha)
Gra
in Y
ield
(T/h
a)
12
13
14
15
16
17
Pro
tein
Conce
ntr
ati
on (
%)
YieldProtein
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Balance Crop Demand with Nitrogen SupplyBalance Crop Demand with Nitrogen Supply
Crop Demand
Nitrogen Supply
In-crop N where crop demand exceeds soil supply
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In-Crop N Management For Protein• Is the extra N needed?
• Source?– Urea, UAN, ammonium nitrate
• Timing?– Seeding, tillering , boot, anthesis
• Placement?– Foliar, soil-applied
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MethodologyMethodology• Field studies from 1997-2000 at several
sites in Black Soil Zone of Canadian prairies
• Hard red spring wheat
• 75 kg N ha-1 applied at seeding compared to 60 kg N ha-1 applied at seeding plus 15 kg N ha-1 as in-crop application
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Nitrogen source and timing effects on wheat Nitrogen source and timing effects on wheat protein contentprotein content
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
Pro
tein
(%
)
Bdn - 97
Mel - 9
7
Lowes -
97
Bdn - 98
Mel - 9
8
Lowes -
98
Bdn - 99
Mel - 9
9
Lowes -
99
At SeedingAm. Nitrate at Boot
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Change in protein content by 15 kg N per ha as Change in protein content by 15 kg N per ha as AN at boot as compared to at seeding AN at boot as compared to at seeding
-0.6
-0.2
0.2
0.6
1.0
Pro
tein
(%)
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Predicting the need for in-crop NPredicting the need for in-crop N
• Good growing conditions– yield potential exceeds the target yield
• Visual N deficiency symptoms • Tissue N levels• Use of SPAD meter–Chlorophyll meter–Assesses “greeness”
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Protein Content and Leaf N Content Protein Content and Leaf N Content as Related to Spad Meter Readingsas Related to Spad Meter Readings
R2 = 0.9529
R2 = 0.9771
40
42
44
46
11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Protein (%)
Chlo
rophyl
l
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Leaf
N (
%)
Chlorophyll
Leaf N
Melfort, 1999
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Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Pro
tein
(%
)
Tillerin
gBoot
Anthesis
UAN
Urea
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Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Pro
tein
(%
)
UAN Tille
ring
Urea T
illerin
g
UAN Boot
Urea B
oot
UAN Anth
esis
Urea A
nthesis
No NBPT
NBPT
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Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Pro
tein
(%)
UAN
AM. Nitrate
Early Seeding Date
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Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seedingin wheat protein content above N at seeding
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Pro
tein
(%
)
Tillerin
gBoot
Anthesis
UAN
Am. Nitrate
Late Seeding Date
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Uptake of Soil- and Foliar-Applied Urea by Uptake of Soil- and Foliar-Applied Urea by Wheat in two Growth Chamber StudiesWheat in two Growth Chamber Studies
0
20
40
60
80
N R
ecov
ery
(%)
Soil Soil +NBPT
Foliar Foliar +NBPT
Foliar +Agral 90
Exp. 1Exp. 2
50 ppm base N
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Foliar Application of NFoliar Application of N
• Under dry conditions, late N applications to soil may be unavailable
• Foliar applications may allow N uptake by plant– greater advantage in drier areas?
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SummarySummary• Benefit of in-crop N was variable– often only minor benefit over application of N at
seeding– consider cost of extra operation
• Ammonium nitrate >urea >UAN in increasing protein content– volatilization losses from urea– little actual foliar uptake
• UAN may be beneficial with late application under dry conditions
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The EndThe End
Thank you to Western Grains Research Foundation, ARDI, Westco, Envirotest Laboratories, Simplot and MII for their support of this research