nitrogen pollution mapping at the european level elpen meeting, udine, italy 21-22 november 2002
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Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European level ELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy 21-22 November 2002. Vincent Delaunay. Project organisation. Produce a European map of sensitivity of ground and surface water to nitrate leaching using abiotic factors (soil, climate…) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nitrogen pollution Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European mapping at the European
levellevelELPEN meeting, Udine, ItalyELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy
21-22 November 200221-22 November 2002
Vincent Delaunay
Project organisationProject organisation
Produce a European map of sensitivity of ground and surface water to nitrate leaching using abiotic factors (soil, climate…)
Produce nitrogen load balances in three European countries: Denmark, France and the Netherlands
Tree in ELPEN systemTree in ELPEN system
Nitrogen
Leaching sensitvity
Europe
Burns
Netherlands
Metamodel
Surplus
Organic nitrogen load
Soil nitrogen balance
Tree in ELPEN systemTree in ELPEN system
Nitrogen
Leaching sensitvity
Europe
Burns
Surplus
Netherlands
Organic nitrogen load
Soil nitrogen balance
Metamodel
I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map
II. Nitrogen load: the Netherlands
Not presented
I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map
1. Application of Burns model, 1975 Example: the Netherlands
2. Burns results at the European level3. Burns model limits
II. Nitrogen load: Denmark, France, the Netherlands
1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Project organisationProject organisation
I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map
1. Application of Burns model, 1975Example: the Netherlands
2. Burns results at the European level3. Burns model limits
II. Nitrogen load: Denmark, France, the Netherlands
1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Project organisationProject organisation
Nitrogen surplus:
Soil
Atmosphere
Water
Run-Off
Volatilisation (NH3)
Leaching
Denitrification (N2, NO2)
Nitrogen surplus
Mineralisation
I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity mapI. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map
Major abiotic factors implicated in the definition of a leaching risk value for one area (available at the European level).
Map of vulnerability for nitrogen pollution of ground and surface
water
ClimatPrecipitations, Evapotranspiration
SoilTexture, Available Water Capacity, Depth, % of C
Land coverEffect of different types of
land uses (grassland, arable land…)
I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity mapI. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map
1. Application of Burns model, 19751. Application of Burns model, 1975
f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X
f: leaching nitrogen fraction contained in soil
This model permits to evaluate a leaching nitrate fraction on nitrate present in the soil, using soil and climate factor.
1. Application of Burns model, 19751. Application of Burns model, 1975
f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X
f: leaching nitrogen fraction contained in soil
Vm: defined using texture triangle and known Vm values
Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity
Percentage volumetric
field capacity
(Vm) – The Netherland
s
1. Application of Burns model, 19751. Application of Burns model, 1975
f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X
f: fraction of nitrate leached
X: in cm ; it is a factor that depends on the nitrate repartition considered in the soil.
X: If we assume nitrate is initially incorporate uniformly to ploughing depth (w=25 cm)
X = h – ½ wh: rooting depth
Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity
Rooting Depth – The Netherland
s
1. Application of Burns model, 19751. Application of Burns model, 1975
f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X
f: fraction of nitrate leached
Ed: Amount of water draining though the soil, calculated from climatic MARS data
Ed = P – ETR
P: Precipitation
ETR: Evapotranspiration
ETR = ½ ETP (bare soil in winter: Maxima Map)ETR = ETP (grassland: Minima Map)
• Soil Available Water for Plants (SWAP) considered empty at the end
of August
Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity
Soil Water Available
for Plants – The
Netherlands
Amount of water draining throuth
the soil (Ed) – The Netherlands
The soil is satured with water available for the plants (SWAP)
Minima
Maxima
1. Application of Burns model, 19751. Application of Burns model, 1975
f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X
f: fraction of nitrate leached
Ed: Amount of water draining though the soil, calculated from climatic MARS data
Ed = P – ETR
X: in cm ; it is a factor that depends on the nitrate repartition considered in the soil.
Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity
Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns
fraction) – The Netherlands
Minima
Maxima
Very strongStrongMediumWeak
Sensibility
2. Burns results at the european level2. Burns results at the european level
Nitrate leaching
sensitivity (Burns
fraction) – Europe
Very strongStrongMediumWeak
Sensibility
Minima
2. Burns results at the european level2. Burns results at the european level
Very strongStrongMediumWeak
Sensibility
Maxima
Nitrate leaching
sensitivity (Burns
fraction) – Europe
3. Burns model limits 3. Burns model limits
Do not apply Burns model when:
there is important denitrification (wet area, weak ground water depth)
there are slopes (moutains, hill)
there is important mineralisation (soil with high contens of organic matter) (need to be done)
Important denitrification
(wet area, weak ground water depth)
- Europe
Slopes (moutains,
hill)
- Europe
Important denitrification
and slopes
- Europe
Distinction of large sensitive areas
Extention to the European level
Extrapolation limits: Model validity
Validation by meseares
I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity mapI. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map
Tree in ELPEN systemTree in ELPEN system
Nitrogen
Leaching sensitvity
Europe
Burns
Surplus
Netherlands
Organic nitrogen load
Soil nitrogen balance
Metamodel
Tree in ELPEN systemTree in ELPEN system
Burns Input Rooting depthSWAPVmEd (Edmax, Edmin)
Result fmaxfmin
Limitation Burns
SlopeDenitrificationMineralisation (need to be done)Corrected fmax (not presented)Corrected fmin (not presented)Validatio
n BurnsNeed to be done
I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map1. Application of Burns model, 1975
Example: the Netherlands2. Burns results at the European level3. Burns model limits
II. Nitrogen load: Denmark, France, the Netherlands
1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Project organisationProject organisation
II. Nitrogen loadII. Nitrogen load
1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA
Evaluation of the organic presure at national level.
Used data: Agricultural census at community level Estimation of spread of nitrogen quantity
produced per animal and per year: CoefA
1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA
Calculated with national, then French coefficients
ONL = OF / UAA
ONL: Organic Nitrogen Load
OF: Organic fertilisationOF = CoefA x Number of
animals
Organic nitrogen load per ha - Dutch
coefficients
Organic nitrogen load per ha - French
coefficients
Organic nitrogen load
per ha - West of France
Organic nitrogen load per ha - French
coefficients - Danemark
1.Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA1.Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA
To show large livestock area Livestock density comparison between the
different European countries
Use estimation of spread nitrogen quantity and national agricultural census Different estimation of spread nitrogen quantity
per countries ? Difference in type of area used per countries ?
Discussion about the standard: 170 kg organic N par hectare (Nitrate Directive)
2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
COMMUNITY
Inputs:
Organic Fertilisation
(OF)
Mineral Fertilisation (MF)
Outputs:
Harvested arable crops
(HAC)
Crops used for fodder
(CF)
Balance = ( OF + MF ) – ( HAC + CF )
Global balance taking agricultural nitrogen at the canton « canton » level into account.
2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Balance = (OF + MF) – ( Outputs )
Mineral Fertilisation MF : Mineral Fertilisation
Regional fertilisers
purchase desagregation at
the community level
Organic Fertilisation OF = CoefA x Number of animals
2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Balance = (OF + MF) – (HAC + CF)
Harvested arable crops
HAC = Coef x Yield x Area
Crops used for fodder : • Grazing livestock demand estimation
• Maize yield (and Alfalfa yield evalution)
Assessment of grazing grassland and grass for
fodder yield
Crops used for fodder
2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Calculated with French coefficients
Mineral Fertilisation
Organic Fertilisation
Balance = (OF + MF) – (HAC + CF)
Harvested arable crops
Crops used for fodder
Nitrogen balance per
hectare UAA – French
coefficients
Nitrogen balance per
hectare UAA – West of France
Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA – French
coefficients - Danemark
2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Nitrogen balance comparable between different countries
Weak reliability of certain parameters: Mineral fertilisation Crops used for fodder
Results largely depending on parameters choices
Tree in ELPEN systemTree in ELPEN system
Nitrogen
Leaching sensitvity
Europe
Burns
Surplus
Netherlands
Organic nitrogen load
Soil nitrogen balance
Metamodel
Three risk indicators linked to the agricultural nitrogen: Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns fraction) Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA
Next work: Indicators validation Indicators relation (to know statiscal link
between them) Comparison with real nitrogen pollution
(field)data
ConclusionConclusion
Thank Thank you for you for
your your attentioattentio
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