nkp 3 - supreme court of nepal · 2013. 7. 18. · lg0f{o g+=*(&))^^––)))@

$: Nkp 3 - Supreme Court of Nepal · 2013. 7. 18. · lg0f{o g+=*(&))^^––)))@$
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lg0f{o g+=*(^(lg0f{o g+=*(^(lg0f{o g+=*(^(lg0f{o g+=*(^(lg0f{o g+=*(^(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfgGofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdLdfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxl/6 g+= )^*–WS–))$%

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!!.@$.%

ljifoM pTk]|if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bsM sf=k=lh, v/]nyf]s uf=lj=;=, j8f g++=$v/]nyf]s a:g] clwjQmf cRo"tk|;fbv/]n

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no

;d]t

§ JolQmsf] d[To' st{Joaf6 dfq x'g] geO{b'3{6gf jf b}jL sf/0faf6 klg x'g] ub{5 .b'3{6gfjz cfkmGt u'dfpg' k/]sf]kl/jf/nfO{ d[To'sf] kL8f t 5Fb}5To;dfly zj k/LIf0fsf] hl6n sfg"gLk|lqmofdf ;/Ls u/fpFbf yk kL8f x'g;Sg ] ePsfn ] cfkm \gf ] s 'nk/Dk/fadf]lhd nf;sf] ;b\ut u/fpg]sfo{ dxTjk"0f{ x'g hfg] .

§ sltko cj:yfdf zj k/LIf0f u/fpg]ljifo wfld{s, ;fdflhs b[li6sf]0faf6;d]t cg'ko'Qm / cJojxfl/s aGgk'Ub5 . To;}n] st{Joaf6 d[To' ePsf]eGg] cfz+sf gePsf] tyf ;8] un]sf]cj:yfdf /x]sf] nf; ;d]t k/LIf0f g}

u/fpg' kb{5, cg';Gwfgstf{ k|x/LnfO{o:tf] cj:yfdf klg thljhL clwsf/lbg x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f ljj]s / ts{dfcfwfl/t gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_§ thljhL clwsf/sf] Jofks b'¿kof]u

ePsf] sf/0fn] ;dfhdf b08xLgtfsf]cj:yf cfPsf] egL cflwsfl/s cWoogcg';Gwfg;lxtsf] tYo tYofÍ jfb[i6fGt;lxt bfjL ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf;r]t gful/ssf] ¿kdf ;fj{hlgsxslxtsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 7fGg] hf]sf]xLn] klg cfkm"nfO{ lhDd]jf/ 9+uaf6k|:t't ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ .

§ s]jn ;:tf] nf]slk|otf, nx8\ jf rrf{dfcfpg ] lx;fan ] dfq h:tf ]; 's }lji foj:t 'nfO { ljjfbsf ] ¿kdfcbfnt;dIf lnP/ cfpg] k|j[lQn] Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ g} cK7]/f]df ws]Ng] ePsfn]o;tkm{ ;DalGwt ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f x'gcfjZos x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_

lgj]bg tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf cRo"tk|;fbv/]n

k|ToyL{ tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ls/0fkf}8]n

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@§ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf

!!-$_§ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%% sf]

lgod ^-@_

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), c;f/&), c;f/&), c;f/&), c;f/&), c;f/

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cfb]zGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-!_ adf]lhdo; cbfntdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5M

;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf !! df sfnultn] afx]s st{Jo jf b'3{6gfjf cfTdxTof jf z+sf:kb lsl;daf6 ePsf] s'g}JolQmsf] d[To'sf ;DaGwdf ul/g] nf; hfFr;DaGwLJoj:yfsf] pNn]v /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL pkbkmf -#_df pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd nf; hfFr ubf{ s'g}ck/fwsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k jf z+sf:kb l:yltdfd[To' ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf ;DalGwt k|x/Lsd{rf/Ln] ;f] nf;nfO{ zj k/LIf0fsf] lgldQ;/sf/L vr{df ;/sf/L lrlsT;s;dIf k7fpg'kg]{5 eGg] pNn]v ePklg pkbkmf -$_ dfnf;;8LunL hfFr ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf ePdfjf b]lvPdf ;DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ;f] s'/fv'nfO{ d'r'Nsf v8f u/L /fVg'kg]{5 / pkbkmf-#_ adf]lhd sf/jfxL ug{ cfjZos kg]{ 5}geGg] pNn]v 5 . pkbkmf -$_ sf] ;f] Joj:yfn]bkmf !! sf] ;du| Joj:yfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{sf;fy} k|of]hgxLg ;d]t agfPsf] 5 . lsglsnf; ;8LunL hfFr ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfsf] xf]ls xf]Og eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd lgSof}{n lrlsT;ssf]nf; hfFr k|ltj]bgaf6 afx]s k'li6 x'g ;Sb}g .To;}n] nf; ;8LunL hfFr ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfsf]egL txsLsft ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] d'r'Nsfv8f u/]s} e/df lrlsT;ssf] k|ltj]bg lagf g}nf; hfFr ug{ g;lsg] egL txsLsft ug]{ k|x/Lsd{rf/LnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] c;Lldt clwsf/o'QmJoj:yfn] nf; hfFrsf ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]bkmf !! sf] ;du| Joj:yfnfO{ lgoGq0f u/]sf]5 .

;f ]xL k |s [ ltsf ] Joj:yf ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%% sf] lgod ^ sf]pklgod -@_ df ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . pk/f]QmJoj:yfx¿ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f !@ åf/f k|bQ :jtGqtfsf] xsn] ;'lglZrt\u/]sf] hLjgsf] clwsf/ (Right to Life) sf] dd{ /efjgfsf] ;d]t ljk/Lt /x]sf] x'Fbf pTk]|If0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]l/6 lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < ljkIfLx¿af6lnlvt hjfkm dufO{ cfPkl5 lgodadf]lhdk]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntaf6ePsf] cfb]z .

;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -$_ / ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLlgodfjnL, @)%% sf] lgod ̂ sf] pklgod -@_sf] Joj:yf s] slt sf/0f ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@k|bQ hLjgsf] clwsf/;Fu aflemPsf] xf] jf P]gsf];f] Joj:yfn] ;+ljwfgk|bQ hLjgsf] clwsf/sf]pkef]u ug{df s] s;/L afwf pTkGg u/]sf] jf;Ldf nufPsf] jf lgif]w u/]sf] xf] eGg] s'/flgj]bgdf :ki6 5}g . s'g} s'/fsf] bfjL lnPkl5;f] s'/f :ki6¿kdf a'lemg] u/L pNn]v ug'{sf];fy} ;f] s'/fdf cbfnt ;d]t ;Gt'i6 x'g] cfwf// sf/0f lgj]bgdf v'nfOPsf] x'g'kb{5 . k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf ;f]sf] cefj b]lvG5 . cGoyfk|dfl0ft geP;Dd Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] lgdf{0fu/]sf] sfg"g ;+ljwfgcg's"n g} 5 egL cbfntn]:jfefljs cg'dfg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctM l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf tkm{af6k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

nf; ;8LunL hfFr ug{ g;lsg]b]lvPdf nf; hfFr ug{'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo gx'g]

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*(^( –*(^( –*(^( –*(^( –*(^( – cRo"tk|;fb v/]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

ePsf ]n ] ;f ] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt k|x/Lsd{rf/Ln] ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ d'r'Nsf u/L/fVg'kg]{;Ddsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . nf;hfFr ug'{sf] d'Vo p2]Zo s;}sf] st{Joaf6Hofg dg{ uPsf] xf] jf xf]Og egL osLg ug{k/LIf0f ul/g ] ePsf ]n ] s 'g } ck/fwsf ]kl/0ffd:j¿k jf z+sf:kb l:yltdf d[To' ePsf]gb]lvPsf] l:yltdf nf; hfFr ug'{sf] s'g}cfjZostf g} gkg]{ ePaf6 k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{zj k/LIf0f gu/fpg ;Sg] u/L lgodn] clwsf/k|bfg u/]sf]nfO{ cGoyf eGg ldNg] b]lvFb}g .ctM k|:t't Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ åf/fk|bQ :jtGqtfsf] xsåf/f ;'/lIft ul/Psf]hLjgsf] clwsf/ (Right to Life) sf] dd{ /efjgf;Fu aflemPsf] eGg] lgj]bg lhsL/cf}lrToxLg x'Fbf vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf] tkm{af6k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

l/6 lgj]bgdf plNnlvt ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( / ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLlgodfjnL, @)%% df Joj:yf ul/Psfk|fjwfgx¿ k|of]u ug]{ u/fpg] ;DaGwdf o;dGqfnoaf6 s'g} lgb]{zg glbPsf] / x:tIf]k;d]t gul/Psf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w 5 . sfg"gsf]zf;g nfu" ug]{ u/fpg] ;Gbe{df ;+ljwfg;Fuaflemg] cGo sfg"gsf k|fjwfgx¿ cbfntLJofVofåf/f ab/ x'g] g} x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgu[x dGqfnosf] xsdf vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] u[x dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bsn] bfjL ug'{ ePsf] ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf-$_ / ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%%sf] lgod ̂ sf] pklgod -@_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] s'g} klg wf/fsf] Joj:yf;Fu

aflemPsf] 5}g . nf; ;8LunL hfFr ug{ g;lsg]cj:yf ePdf jf b]lvPdf ;DalGwt k|x/Lsd{rf/Ln] ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ d'r'Nsf v8f ug]{ /zj k/LIf0fsf] nflu ;/sf/L vr{df ;/sf/LlrlsT;s;dIf k7fpg gkg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yfn]s;}sf] hLjgsf] clwsf/ s'l07t x'g] cj:yf g}x'Fb}g . pQm Joj:yfn] s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{j}olQms¿kdf thljhL lg0f{o u/L zj k/LIf0fgu/fpg] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g . nf;sf]j:t'ut l:yltsf] cfwf/df k|ToIfbzL{ :yfgLoJolQmx¿sf] egfO;lxtsf] d'r'Nsf v8f u/Lk/ LI f0 f x 'g } g;Sg ] cj:yfdf dfqcgfjZos¿kdf ;/sf/L ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;dov]/ ghfj;\ eGg] p2]Zon] ljwflosfn] o:tf]sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . :yfgLoJolQmx¿sf] ;fd"lxs ljj]ssf] cfwf/df v8fePsf] d'r'NsfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ul/g] sfo{nfO{lgj]bsn] cg'dfgsf] cfwf/df k|x/L sd{rf/Ln]hyfefjL lg0f{o u/L k/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ nf;nfO{klg k/LIf0f u/fpFb}gg\ eGg] cg'dfgsf] cfwf/dfof] l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . s'g} b[i6fGtjf j:t'ut cfwf/lagf xr'jfsf] e/df bfo/u/]sf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)!& nfu"ePb]lv ;/sf/jfbL eO{ rNg yfn]sf Hofgd'2fx¿df cfjZostfcg';f/ nf; hfFr / zjk/LIf0f e} cfPsf] 5 . t/ nfdf] cg'ejdfJofjxfl/s tj/df b]lvPsf sl7gfOx¿nfO{b[li6ut ub}{ ljwflosfn] cfkm\gf] ljj]ssf] k|of]uu/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] sfg"g / g]kfn ;/sf/n];+ljwfg;Ddt\ tl/sfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] lgodnfO{cfTdut cfwf/df ;+ljwfgk|lts"n egL cy{ ug{


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ldNg] xf]Og . jf:tjdf zj k/LIf0f;DaGwLckjfbfTds cj:yfsf] ;DaGw hLjgsf]clwsf/;Fu 5}g . lgj]bssf] syg / ts{nfO{:jLsf/ ug]{ xf] eg] sfnultaf6 d/]sf ;d]th'g;'s} JolQmsf] zj k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ctMljkIfL lgj]bssf] dfu plrt xf]Og eGg] :ki65 . ctM l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k]zePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf :jo+ pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf>L cRo"tk|;fb v/]nn] st{Jo k/L d[To' ePsf]JolQmsf] nf; lrlsT;saf6 k/LIf0f u/fO{k|ltj]bg lng] Joj:yf ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLP]gnufotsf k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gdf ul/Psf]5 . jf:tjdf nf; k/LIf0f u/L lrlsT;sn]lbg] k|ltj]bgaf6} of] s'/f osLg ug{ ;lhnf]x'g] ub{5 . t/ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -$_ n] nf; ;8LunLhfFr ug{ g;lsg] ePdf lrlsT;s;dIf gk7fO{k|x/L :jo+n] sf/jfxL cl3 ga9fpg ;Sg] 5"6lbPsf] kfOG5 . To:t} ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLlgodfjnL, @)%% sf] lgod ^ sf] pklgod -@_ n] klg nf; hfFr d'r'Nsfaf6 s'g} ck/fwsf]kl/0ffd:j¿k jf z+sf:kb l:yltdf d[To' ePsf]gb]lvPdf / txsLsft ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln]k/LIf0f u/fpg cfjZos gb]v]df zj k/LIf0fgu/fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . pQmJoj:yfx¿ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ ;Fu aflemPsf]n]cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ul/g' kb{5 eGg] ;d]tax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

k|ToyL{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L ls/0f kf}8]nn] ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL P]g / lgoddf ul/Psf] pQm Joj:yf

;f/jfg geO{ nf; hfFr;DaGwL sfo{ljlwutJoj:yf;Dd xf] . cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg x'g] k|x/Lsd{rf/Ln ] cg';Gwfgaf6 v'Ng cfPsf ]j:t'l:yltsf cfwf/df nf;sf] k/LIf0f gu/fpg;Sg] u/L ePsf tL Joj:yfx¿ cf}lrTok"0f{ g}5g\ . To;df klg ;8LunL uPsf sf/0f k/LIf0fug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf g/x]sf] / st{Joaf6 d[To'ePsf] eGg] z+sf:kb l:ylt gb]lvPsf] nf;k/LIf0f ug'{sf] s'g} ts{;Ddt\ cfwf/ 5}g . pQmsfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ k|bQ:jtGqtfsf] xs;Fu s'g} ;DaGw;d]t g/x]sf]x'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h ul/g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax;ug'{eof] .

ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] ug'{ePsf]pk/f ]Qm ax; lhsL/ dgg \ u/L l/6lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L x]bf{ lgj]bgdfu ad]flhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ xf] xf]OgeGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ x'g cfPsf] 5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ st{Jo k/]sf]nf; ;8]un]sf] sf/0f ;DalGwt lrlsT;s;dIfk/LIf0fsf] nflu k7fpg' gkg]{ u/L k|x/Lsd{rf/LnfO{ :j]R5frf/L¿kdf clwsf/ lbg]u/L ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf!!-$_ / ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL lgodfjnL,@)%% sf] lgod ^-@_ df ePsf Joj:yf;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ k|bQ :jtGqtfsf] xs /hLjgsf] xssf] dd{ / efjgf;Fu aflemPsf]x'Fbf cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] d'Volgj]bg dfu bfjL /x]sf] kfOG5 . k|ToyL{x¿sf]lnlvt hjfkm x]bf{ ;8LunL uPsf] nf;sf]k|s[ltsf sf/0f k/LIf0f ug{ ;Dej gx'g] /st{Joaf6 d[To' ePsf] eGg] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdfcg';Gwfg clws[tn] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] d'r'Nsfv8f u/L k/LIf0f u/fpg gkg]{ u/L ;/sf/L

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*(^( –*(^( –*(^( –*(^( –*(^( – cRo"tk|;fb v/]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

d'2f;DaGwL P]g / lgoddf ePsf Joj:yf;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ ;Fu aflemPsf] gx'Fbf l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t pNn]vePsf] b]lvG5 .

#= o;df lgj]bsn] ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLP]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -$_ /;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%% sf] lgod^ sf] pklgod -@_ sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!@ k|bQ :jtGqtfsf] xs / hLjgsf] xs;FuaflemPsf] eGg] lhsL/ lnPsf] kfOof] . j:t'tMlgj]bsn] r'gf}tL lbPsf pk/f]Qm P]g / lgoddfePsf Joj:yfx¿ nf; hfFr / nf; k/LIf0f;Fu;DalGwt b]lvG5g\ .

$= ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf !! df nf; hfFr;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] kfOG5 . ;f] bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_ n] s'g}k|x/L sfof{nosf] If]qleq s'g} JolQm st{Jo jfb'3{6gf eO{ jf cfTdxTof u/L jf s'g} ck/fwsf]kl/0ffd:j¿k z+sf:kb l:yltdf d/]sf] hfgsf/Lk|fKt ePdf ;f] If]qsf] k|x/L sfof{nosf] sDtLdfk|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs bhf{sf] k|x/L sd{rf/Ln]oyfzL3| nf; /x]sf] 7fpFdf uO{ nf; hfFr u/Ld'r'Nsf v8f ug'{kg]{ ;d]t Joj:yf u/]sf]b]lvG5 . To;/L nf; hfFr ubf{ s'g} ck/fwsf]kl/0ffd:j¿k jf z+sf:kb l:yltdf d[To' ePsf]b]lvg cfPdf ;DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ;f]nf;nfO{ zj k/LIf0fsf] lgldQ ;/sf/LlrlsT;s;dIf k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ;f]xL pkbkmf-#_ df ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ ænf; ;8LunLhfFr ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf ePdf jf b]lvPdf;DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ d'r'Nsfv8f u/L /fVg'kg]{5 / pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf/jfxL ug{ cfjZos kg]{ 5}gÆ eGg] Joj:yfpkbkmf -$_ df ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . To:t} ;/sf/L

d'2f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%% sf] lgod ^ dfklg P]gsf] bkmf !! s} h:tf] nf; hfFr tyfzj k/LIf0f;DaGwL sfo{ljlwut Joj:yf ul/Psf]kfOG5 . pklgod -!_ df nf; hfFr ubf{cfjZostfcg';f/ cg';"rL–& jf cg';"rL–*adf]lhdsf] d'r'Nsf v8f ug'{ kb{5 eGg] ;d]tpNn]v ePsf] 5 . t/ æpklgod -!_ adf]lhdnf; hfFr d'r'Nsf eO{ ;s]kl5 To:tf] nf;hfFraf6 s'g} ck/fwsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k jfz+sf:kb l:yltdf d[To' ePsf] b]lvg gcfPdf/ txsLsft ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ;f] nf;sf]zj k/LIf0f u/fpg cfjZos gkg]{ 7x¥ofPdfTo;sf] sf/0f;lxt :yfgLo eb| enfb\dLsf]/f]xj/df krf{ v8f u/L ldl;n ;+nUg /fvLzj k/LIf0f gu/fpg ;Sg]5Æ eGg] Joj:yfpklgod -@_ df ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

%= o; k|sf/ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g/ lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf pk/f]Qm sfg"gLJoj:yfx¿ nf; hfFr / zj k/LIf0f;Fu;DalGwt k|lqmofut Joj:yfx¿ x'g\ eGg] s'/fdfljjfb x'g'kg]{ b]lvFb}g . d'VotM cg';Gwfgsf]qmddf nf; hfFr ubf{ s] s:tf] /Lt k'¥ofpg] /To:tf] d'r'Nsfdf s] s:tf] s'/f v'nfpg] eGg]s'/f pQm sfg"gn] ;d]6]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 . ;fy,}k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] nf; hfFr u/L ;s]kl5lrlsT;s;dIf zj k/LIf0fsf] nflu k7fpg]sfo{ljlw tyf zj k/LIf0fsf] nflu k7fpggkg]{ cj:yf tyf To:tf] l:yltdf cjnDagug'{kg]{ k|lqmof;d]t pQm sfg"gdf pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 .

^= lgj]bsn] cGo s'/fsf ;DaGwdf ljjfbgu/L s]jn zj k/LIf0fsf nflu lrlsT;s;dIf k7fpg gkg]{ u/L P]gsf] bkmf !! sf]pkbkmf -$_ tyf lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^ sf]


308308308308308

pklgod -@_ df ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !@ k|bQ :jtGqtf / hLjgsf] clwsf/sf]dd{ / efjgf;Fu aflemPsf]n] ab/ x'g'kg]{ egLlhsL/ lnPsf] cj:yf 5 . t/, ;8LunL uPsfsf/0f k/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf g} gePsf]nf; tyf st{Joaf6 d[To' ePsf] gb]lvO{ ;DalGwtcg';Gwfg clws[tn] k/LIf0f u/fpg gkg]{7x¥ofPsf] nf;sf] zj k/LIf0f gu/fpg ;lsg]Joj:yf s] s;/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ ;FuaflemPsf] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] j:t'lgi7 cfwf/;lxt:ki6 lgj]bg bfjL lng ;s]sf] tyf ax;sf]qmddf ;d]t lgj]bsn] s'g} ljj]s;Ddt\ cfwf/k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf] kfOFb}g .

&= j:t'tM x/]s d'n'sn] cjnDag u/]sf]kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gsf cf–cfkm\g} ljz]iftf/ df}lnstf /x]sf x'G5g\ . g]kfndf klg ljleGgsfnv08df leGg–leGg k|s[ltsf sfg"gL k4ltcjnDag ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLP]g, @)!& adf]lhd ag]sf] ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLlgodfjnL, @)!* sf] lgod %s n] klgb'3{6gfjz d[To' ePsf] JolQmsf] zj k/LIf0fgu/fO{ cfk\mgf] s'nsf] k/Dk/fadf]lhd ;b\utug{ kfpFm egL glhssf] xsjfnfn] cbfntdflgj]bg lbg ;Sg] / s;}sf] st{Joaf6 d/]sf]eGg] z+sf ug'{kg]{ cj:yf gb]lvPdf lhNnfGofofwLzn] d[tssf] zj k/LIf0f u/fpg gkg]{u/L cfb]z lbg;Sg];Ddsf] sfg"gL Joj:yful/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g,@)!& n] cjnDag u/]sf] kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnLkl/Tofu u/L @)$( ;fnb]lv nfu" ePsf];/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]gn] km/svfnsf] kmf}hbf/LGofo k|0ffnL c+uLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

*= vf; u/L kl5Nnf] P]gn] kmf}hbf/LGofo k|zf;gdf ;+nUg /xg] k|x/L, ;/sf/L jsLn

/ cbfntsf] k[ys–k[ys e"ldsf lgwf{/0f u/]sf]b]lvg cfpF5 . h;cg';f/ s]xL ckjfbfTdscj:yfafx]s cfwf/e"t ¿kdf cg';Gwfg sfo{dfk|x/L, cleof]hgdf ;/sf/L jsLn / Gofolg/f]k0fdf cbfntsf] lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] 5 ./fHosf lhDd]jf/ lgsfonfO{ ljZjf; u/Lljwflosfn] tf]s]sf] o; k|sf/sf] lhDd]jf/Lk|ltz+sf jf cljZjf; ug'{ plrt x'g ;Sb}g .

(= To;df klg To;/L ckjfbfTdscj:yf / l:yltdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{lbOPsf] ;f] clwsf/ of] o; sf/0fn] cg'lrt5 egL lgj]bsn] k|i6 cfwf/;lxt bfjL lng;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g . j:t'tM ;8LunL uPsf]nf; 36gf:ynaf6 p7fpg g} c;Dej x'g;Qm5 . To:t} g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt /:jf:Yo ;+:yf jf lrlsT;ssf] pknAwtfsf]cj:yfnfO{ klg ljrf/ ul/Psf] x'g ;Qm5 .csf]{tkm{ JolQmsf] d[To' st{Joaf6 dfq x'g]geO{ b'3{6gf jf b}jL sf/0faf6 klg x'g] ub{5 .b'3{6gfjz cfkmGt u'dfpg' k/]sf] kl/jf/nfO{d[To'sf] kL8f t 5Fb}5 To;dfly zj k/LIf0fsf]hl6n sfg"gL k|lqmofdf ;/Ls u/fpFbf ykkL8f x'gk'Ub5 . To;}n], o:tf] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf]s'n k/Dk/fadf]lhd nf;sf] ;b\ut u/fpg]sfo{ dxTjk"0f{ x'g ;Qm5 . o:tf sltkocj:yfdf zj k/LIf0f u/fpg] ljifo wfld{s,;fdflhs b[li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t cg'ko'Qm /cJojxfl/s aGg k'Ub5 . To;}n] st{Joaf6d[To' ePsf] eGg] cfz+sf gePsf] tyf ;8]un]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] nf; ;d]t k/LIf0f g}u/fpg'kb{5, cg';Gwfgstf{ k|x/LnfO{ o:tf]cj:yfdf klg thljhL clwsf/ lbg x'Fb}geGg] lhsL/ s'g} klg ljj]s / ts{df cfwfl/tb]lvFb}g .

309309309309309

&&&&&

*(&) –*(&) –*(&) –*(&) –*(&) – u0f]zk|;fb bfxfn lj=uh]Gb|s'df/ eGg] k/z'/fd bfxfn

!)= csf]{tkm{ k|x/Laf6 pQm sfg"gn]k|bfg u/]sf] thljhL clwsf/sf] Jofks b'¿kof]uePsf] sf/0fn] ;dfhdf b08xLgtfsf] cj:yfcfPsf ] egL cf lwsfl/s cWoogcg';Gwfg;lxtsf] tYo tYofÍ jf b[i6fGt ;lxtlgj]bg bfjL ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf klg 5}g .;r]t gful/ssf] ¿kdf ;fj{hlgs xslxtsf]k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 7fGg] hf] sf]xLn] klg cfkm"nfO{lhDd]jf/ 9+uaf6 k|:t't ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . s]jn;:tf] nf]slk|otf, nx8\ jf rrf{df cfpg] lx;fan]dfq h:tf];'s} ljifoj:t'nfO{ ljjfbsf] ¿kdfcbfnt;dIf lnP/ cfpg] k|j[lQn] Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ g} cK7]/f]df ws]Nb5 . o;tkm{lgj]bsnufot ;DalGwt ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f x'gcfjZos 5 .

!!= t;y{ pk/f]Qm cfwf/ sf/0faf6;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !! sf]pkbkmf -$_ / ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL lgodfjnL,@)%% sf] lgod ̂ sf] pklgod -@_ sf] Joj:yf;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ ;Fu aflemPsf] cj:yfgb]lvPsf]n] lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lu/L /xg' k/]g . ctM k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn kmfu'g @$ ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M gf/fo0fk|;fb ;'j]bL

lg0f{o g+=*(&) lg0f{o g+=*(&) lg0f{o g+=*(&) lg0f{o g+=*(&) lg0f{o g+=*(&)

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

)^^–NF–)))@km};nf ldltM @)^(.!).@%.%

d'2fM ;zt{ xfn}sf] as;kq lnvt btf{ ab/ .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM bf]nvf lhNnf dfnL uf=lj=;=j8fg+= & a:g] uz]0fk|;fb bfxfn

lj?4k|ToyL{ ÷ k|ltjfbLM P]=P]=a:g] uh]Gb|s'df/ eGg]

k/z'/fd bfxfn

z'¿ km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L /fdrGb| /fO{

k'g/fj]bg txdf km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L dfwjk|;fb rfln;]df=Gof=>L k'?iff]Qd e08f/L

;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof= >L lu/Lz rGb| nfndf=Gof=k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

§ s;}n] c¿sf] ;d]t xs nfUg] cfk"mn]lbg gx'g] ;DklQ as; ul/lbPsf]dfxs k'Ug]n] pQm lnvt ab/ ul/kfpFmegL bfjL lnO{ hfg ;lsg]df lnvtu/L lbg] kIfn] g} cfk"mn] ul/lbPsf]lnvt ab/ ul/kfpFm egL bfjL ug{gldNg] .


310310310310310

§ xfn}b]lvsf] as;kq lnvt kfl/t ePs}ldltb]lv lbg]sf] xs ;dfKt eO{ lng]sf]xs l;h{gf x'g] ePsfn] ;f]xL ldltb]lvkfpg]n] ;f] ;DklQ cfk"mv'z ug{ s'g}sfg"gn] lgif]w gu/]sf] cj:yfdf pQm;DklQ cfkm\gf] >LdtLnfO{ xfn}sf]as;kq kfl/t u/]sf ] lqmofnfO {sfg"gljk/Ltsf] sfo{ eGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ sf/0fLx¿ aLr df}sfdf h] Jojxf/

ul/Psf] xf] / lnvtdf h] Joxf]/f n]lvPsf]xf], ;f] lnvtaf6 h] Joxf]/f b]lvG5 jfh:tf] Jojxf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 cbfntaf6;f] lnvtaf6 b]lvPsf] Joxf]/f jf ePsf]Jojxf/sf] 3f]if0ff;Dd ul/lbg] xf] .3/;f/sf] sfuhdf pNn]v u/]sf] zt{kfl/t as;kqsf] lnvtdf pNn]v ePsf]gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf clxn] cfP/cbfntn] lagfcfwf/ / sf/0f ;f] zt{kfngf gu/]sf] egL af]Ng gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

k'g/fj]bs ÷ jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg j}tlgsclwjQmf jljtf pk|]tL 9sfn

k|ToyL{ ÷ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfs]bf/ uf}td

cjnlDat ghL/M• g]sfk @)$%, lg=g+= #$@^, k[= #^!

;Da4 sfg"gM

km};nfGof=bfdf ]b/k |;fb zdf { M ;jf ] { Rr

cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^*.!.@% df ePsf] km};nfk'g/fjnf]sg ul/kfpFm egL jfbLsf] tkm{af6 k/]sf]

lgj]bgdf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf!!-!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf]lg:;f k|bfg eO{ btf{ ePsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKttYo Pj+ lg0f{o o; k|sf/ 5 M–

xfdL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ aLr 3/fo;L;Nnfxadf]lhd ldlt @)##.$.! ut] 3/;f/dfc+zj08f u/L cf–cfkm\gf] c+z efu a'emLef]urng u/L cfPsf]df d jfbLsf] c+z efudfk/]sf] hUufdWo] bf]nvf lhNnf dfnL uf=lj=;=j8fg+= & sf] 3'G;fkm]bL 3/af/L aLh dfgf ..$ dWo]ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ df d]/f] dfOnL >LdtL6+ss'df/L / sfG5L >LdtL eflu/yL ;d]t leGgx'g'kbf{ 3'G;fkm]bL 3/af/L aLh dfgf ..$ sf] @efudWo] ! efu lgh 6+ss'df/L / ! efudf djfbL u0f]zk|;fb / eflu/yLsf] efu nufO{6+ss'df/Lsf] ! efudf lgh 6+ss'df/L / dlkm/fbL;d]tsf] kfngkf]if0f u/L d/]pk|fGtsfhls/Lof ug]{ u/L zt{ aGb]h /fvL aLh dfgf ..@sf] hUuf ldlt @)$#.!.!* ut] k|ltjfbLk/z'/fdnfO{ xfn}sf] as;kq kfl/t u/L lbPsf]lyPF . lgh k|ltjfbLn] ;f] as;kqsf] lnvtdfplNnlvt zt{;d]tsf] kfng gu/L em}emu8fsnx u/L dnfO{ wDsL tyf dfgl;s oftgf lb+b}cfPsf] / pN6} ;f] as;kq lnvtsf] cf8dfafFsL /x]sf] cfwL hUuf / ;f] hUufdf ag]sf]3/;d]tdf d]/f] xs d]6fO{ cfkm\gf] gfddf gfkgS;f/ btf{ u/]sf]n] ;f]pk/ 5'§} d'2f lbPsf]df d]/f]efu hltab/ ePsf] 5 . k|ltjfbLn] cfkm"n]kfPsf] pQm 3/hUuf Psf3/sf] >LdtLsf] gfddfldlt @)^#.!).!* ut] xfn}sf] as;kq u/LlbPsf]n] k|ltjfbLn] h'g zt{df /xL kfngkf]if0fx]/ljrf/ ug'{kYof]{ ;f] zt{sf] kfngf gu/]sf]cj:yfdf pQm @)$#.!.!* sf] ;zt{ as;kqlnvt ab/ u/L pQm hUufdf d jfbLsf] xs

311311311311311


k'g:yf{lkt ul/kfpFm eGg] u0f]zk|;fb bfxfnsf]lkm/fb bfjL .

jfbL cfkm}Fn] ldlt @)$#.!.!* ut] lgzt{xfn}sf] as;kq kfl/t ul/lbg' ePsf] pQmljjflbt hUuf xfn @! jif{df cfP/ ljkIfLcfkm}Fn] ;zt{ xfn}sf] as;kq lnvt ab/ul/kfpFm egL d'2f bfo/ ug{ lghnfO{ xsb}of5}g . ;fy} Ps k6s o;} ljjflbt hUuf pk/bf]nvf lhNnf cbfntdf gfkL btf{ ab/ d'2fk/L pQm d'2fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ;d]t clGtdlsgf/f e};s]sf] 5 . k'gM ;f]xL ljjflbt hUufpk/ljkIfL :jod\n] cs}{ s'/f b]vfO{ lkm/fb ug'{ePsf]sfg"g;+ut gx'Fbf lgh ljkIfLsf] em"7f lkm/fbc=j+= !*) g+= adf]lhd vf/]h u/L ;f] em"7flkm/fb bfjLaf6 cnu k'm;{b kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ .

jfbLsf ;fIfL z}n]Gb|s'df/ v8sf,uflGbks'df/ bfxfn / xl/axfb'/ v8\sf k|ltjfbLsf;fIfL s[i0faxfb'/ sfsL{ / nlntaxfb'/ sfsL{sf]z'¿ cbfntdf askq e} ldl;n ;+nUg /x]sf] .

ldlt @)^%.@.( df k|:t't d'2f d'ntjL/xL ldlt @)^^.%.@% df d'ntjLaf6 hfu]sf] .

k | ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnn] jfbLu0f]zk|;fb bfxfn ;d]tnfO{ @)$@.!!.@@ dfkfngkf]if0f ug]{ zt{gfdfsf] sfuh u/L 3'G;fkm]bL3/af/L hUuf rng ug]{ u/L 3/;f/df lnvtu/L lbPaf6 jfbLn] ;f]xL hUuf lgh k/z'/fdbfxfnnfO{ xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvt ul/lbPsf]b]lvPsf]df k|ltjfbLn] lgh u0f]zk|;fb bfxfnnfO{kfngkf]if0f u/]sf] b]lvg gcfPsf] x'Fbf jfbLu0f]zk|;fb bfxfnn] k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnnfO{@)$#.!.!* df ul/lbPsf] 3'G;fkm]bL 3/af/LhUufsf] xfn}sf] as;kq lnvt ab/ x'g] / ;f]hUufdf jfbLsf] xs k'g:yf{kgf x'g] 7x5{ eGg]

;d]t Joxf]/fsf] bf]nvf lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)^^.*.# sf] km};nf .

3/;f/df tof/ ePsf] elgPsf] ldlt@)$@.!!.@@ sf] slyt zt{gfdfsf] sfuh eGbfkfl/t xf=a=sf] lnvtsf] ldlt kl5sf] ePsf]n]pQm 3/;f/sf] lnvtsf] dxTj z"Go x'g] cj:yfPsflt/ 5 eg] pQm 3/;f/sf] zt{gfdfsf] sfuhdfplNnlvt Joxf]/f @)$#.!.!* sf] kfl/t xfn}sf]as;kqsf] lnvtdf pNn]v gu/]sf] cj:yfdf;f] zt{gfdfsf] sfuhnfO{ l;/fgL xfnL lnvtab/ x'g] u/L ePsf] z'¿ km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbfab/ u/L Gofo kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbLsf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

ldlt @)$#.!.!* sf] kfl/t xfn}b]lvsf]as;kqdf s'g} zt{ pNn]v gePsf] cj:yfdf3/;f/df v8f ul/Psf] elgPsf] @)$@.!!.@@sf] zt{gfdfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL as;kqsf] lnvtab/ ug]{ 7x¥ofPsf] rm:z'¿ bf]nvf lhNnfcbfntsf] km};nf k|df0f d"NofÍgsf] /f]xaf6km/s kg{ ;Sg] b]lvFbf k|ToyL{ lemsfpg' eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]cfb]z .

jfbLn] k|ltjfbLnfO{ cfkmF}n] xfn}sf]as;kq kfl/t ul/lbPsf] b]lvFbf pQm as;kqsf]lnvtnfO{ @! jif{kl5 cfP/ ab/ u/fpg kfpg]jfbLsf] sfg"gL cfwf/;d]t gb]lvPaf6 ;f]as;kq lnvt ab/ x'g ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvFbfbfjLsf] ldlt @)$#.!.!* sf] xfn}b]lvsf]as;kqsf] lnvt ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbL bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ ug'{kg]{df pQm as;kqsf] lnvtab/ x'g] 7x¥ofO{ ePsf] z'¿ bf]nvf lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.*.# sf] km};nf ldn]sf]gb]lvFbf pQm km};nf pN6L eO{ ldlt @)$#.!.!*sf] as;kqsf] lnvt ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ eGg]


312312312312312

k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^&.*.@ sf]km};nf .

d tyf ljkIfL afa' 5f]/f gftfsf JolQmxf}+ . xfdLx¿sf] aLr ldlt @)##.$.! ut] ePsf]3/fo;L c+zj08fsf] lnvtadf]lhd dfnLuf=lj=;=j8f g+= & sf] 3'G;fkm]bL 3/af/L aLhdfgf ..$ sf] hUuf d]/f] c+z efudf k/L ;f]dWo]aLh dfgf ..@ cfkm\gf] lhDdfdf /fvL aLh dfgf ..@sf] hUuf dnfO{ kfngkf]if0f, x]/ljrf/ ug{] zt{dfrng ug]{ u/L ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ ut] ljkIfLn]zt{gfdfsf] sfuh u/]sf lyP . ;f] lnvtaf6hUuf xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] geO{ kfngkf]if0f,x]/ljrf/ ug]{ / ;f] afkt pQm hUuf ljkIfLnfO{lbg] eGg] zt{;Dd pNn]v u/L 3/;f/df lnvtv8f ePsf]n] To:tf] zt{gfdfsf] lnvtnfO{/lhi6«]zg kfl/t ug'{ eGg] jfWofTds sfg"gLJoj:yf 5}g . pQm lnvtdf plNnlvt zt{x¿ljkIfLn] :jLsf/ u/]kZrft\ ldlt @)$#.!.!*ut] aLh dfgf ..@ If]qkmn hUuf ljkIfLsf] gfddfxfn}sf] as;kq lnvt kfl/t ePsf] xf] . d /ljkIfLsf aLr kfngkf]if0f ug]{ zt{gfdfsf] lnvtePsf] 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] egL d]/f ;fIfLx¿ tyf ;f]lnvtsf ;fIfL c+lzof/dWo]sf] uflGbks'df/bfxfn;d]tn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . pQm3/;f/sf] zt{gfdf lnvtn] kl5 kfl/t ePsf]as;kqsf] lnvtnfO{ k|lt:yfkg u/]sf] geO{To;sf] cleGg cËsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] xf] . To:tf]lnvtn] kl5 kfl/t ePsf] xfn}sf] as;kqlnvtnfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;Qm}g egL dgf]utts{ ug{ ldNb}g .

ljkIfLn] zt{adf]lhd dnfO{ kfngkf]if0fgu/]sf] sf/0f pQm xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvtab/ u/fOkfpg c=j+= *@ g+= adf]lhd dnfO{sfg"gL xs 5 . zt{gfdfadf]lhd kfngkf]if0f

gePdf bftfn] as;kq ab/ u/fpg kfpg] egLg]sfk @)$%, lg=g+= #$@^, k[i7 #^! df ;Ddflgt;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 sfod ePsf] l;4fGtsf]pk]Iff u/L Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt;d]tsf] k|lts"nx'g] u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gn] ldlt@)^&.*.@.% ut] u/]sf] km};nfdf d'n'sL P]gc=j+= !*$, !*% -s_, P] /lhi6«]zgsf] bkmf !g+=, k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # tyf %$,g]sfk @)$%, lg=g+= #$@^, k[i7 #^! df k|ltkflbtghL/ l;4fGt;d]tsf] pNn3+g ePsf]n] pQmkm};nf ab/ u/L bf]nvf lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)^^.*.#.$ ut]sf] km};nf ;b/ sfod /fvLkfpFm eGg] jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

ldlt @)$#.!.!* sf] xfn}b]lvsf]as;kqsf] lnvtdf s'g} zt{ jGb]h pNn]vgePsf]n] s'g} zt{ jGb]hlagf kfl/t ePsf] pQmlnvt cGoyf k|dfl0ft geP;Dd To;n] sfg"gLdfGotf k|fKt u/L g} /xg] x'G5 . as;kqsf]lnvt jfbL u0f]zk|;fb bfxfn :jod\n] g} u/]sf]b]lvG5 . ;f] lnvt ab/ ul/kfpg sfg"gn] tf]s]sf]Dofbleq ;flwsf/ lgsfodf uPsf] eGg] klgb]lvFb}g . Psk6s cfk"mn] /fhLv';Ln] ;flwsf/lgsfosf] /f]xj/df uO{ xsx:tfGt/0f u/]sf] lnvtab/ u/fO{ kfpFm eGg] bfjL lng] xs lghnfO{sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvg cfPg . as;kqsf]lnvt kfl/t ePs} lbgb]lv lbg]sf] xs ;dfKteO{ lng]sf] xs l;h{gf x'g] x'G5 . To;sf/0fk|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnn] cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{xfn}sf] as;kq kfl/t ul/lbPsf] lnvtnfO{sfg"gljk/Ltsf] sfo{ eGg ldn]g .

ldlt @)$#.!.!* ut] kfl/t ePsf]xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvtaf6 k|fKt e} cfkm\gf]xs k'Ug] ;DklQ xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvtaf6k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnn] cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{

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ldlt @)^#.!).!* ut] xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]sfo{n] jfbLsf] s'g} xs xgg\ ePsf] gb]lvg'sf;fy} as;kq u/fO{ lng] k|ltjfbL k/z'/fdsL>LdtLnfO{ jfbLn] k|ltjfbL;d]t agfPsf]gb]lvPsf]n] jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^&.*.@ut]sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ eGg]o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^*.!.@%.!sf] km};nf .

ljkIfL k/z'/fd bfxfnn] dnfO {kfngkf]if0f ug]{ zt{ /fvL ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ df3'G;fkm]bL 3/af/Lsf] hUufdWo] cfwf hUuf rngug]{ egL 3/;f/df lnvt u/L lbPsf]df ;f]xLhUuf d}n] ldlt @)$#.!.!* df lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{xfn}sf ] as;kq u/L lbPsf] xf ] . ldlt@)$@.!!.@@ ut]sf] lnvt kfngkf]if0f ug]{k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq v8f ePsf]n] /lhi6«]zgsf]! g+= adf]lhd ;f] lnvt /lhi6«]zg kfl/t ug'{kg]{jfWofTds cj:yf 5}g . pQm zt{gfdfsf] sfuhu/]kZrft\ ldlt @)$#.!.!* ut] d}n] k|ltjfbLk/z'/fd bfxfnnfO{ cfkm\gf] xssf] pQm hUufxs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf kfngkf]if0f ug]{zt{ :jtM ;dly{t ePsf] dfGg'k5{ . o;/L lnvtu/fO{ kfpg]n] ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ ut]sf]zt{gfdfcg';f/ dnfO{ kfngkf]if0f ug'{kg]{]df ;f]zt{gfdfsf] ljk/Lt dnfO{ vfg nfpg glbO{pN6} ldlt @)^#.!).!* df pQm cfk"mn] as;kfPsf] hUuf cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ as;kqsf]lnvt ul/lbPsf] cj:yfdf To;/L zt{ /fvLlbPsf] hUuf zt{sf] kfngf gePdf bftfn]hlxn];'s} klg lkmtf{ u/fO{ lng kfpg] cj:yfx'G5 . o:t} tYo ePsf] d'2fdf g]sfk @)$%,lg=g+= #$@^, k[= #^! df zt{gfdf ;lxtsf]xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvtdf plNnlvt zt{ xfn}sf]

as;kq k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] kfngf gu/]sf]cj:yfdf bftfn] hlxn];'s} klg ab/ u/fpg;Sg] egL ghL/ l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 .pQm ghL/ l;4fGt;d]tsf] ljk/Lt ;jf]{Rrcbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ldlt @)^*.!.@%df km};nf ePsf]n] pQm ghL/;Fu aflemPsf] ;f]km};nf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]/L kfpFm eGg] jfbLsf]lgj]bg kq .

o;df ljkIfL k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnn]lgj]bs jfbL u0f]zk|;fb bfxfnnfO{ kfngkf]if0fug]{ zt{gfdf pNn]v u/L ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ df3'G;fk]mbL 3/af/L hUuf rng ug]{ u/L 3/;f/dflnvt u/L lbPsf]df ;f]xL hUuf oL lgj]bsn]ljkIfL k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnnfO{ ldlt@)$#.!.!* ut] xfn}sf] as;kq kfl/t u/LlbPsf] b]lvG5 . pQm zt{gfdfadf]lhd lgj]bsnfO{ljkIfL k|ltjfbLn] kfngkf]if0f gu/]sf] eGg]b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf jfbL bfjLsf] plNnlvt ldlt@)$#.!.!* sf] xfn}sf] as;kq lnvt ab/gx'g] 7x¥ofO{ o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6ldlt @)^*.!.@% df ePsf] km};nf o;cbfntaf6 g]sfk @)$%, lg=g+= #$@^ k[= #^!df sfod ePsf] sfg"gL l;4fGt k|lts"n b]lvFbfGofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!-!_ sf]v08 -v_ adf]lhd k|:t't d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg u/Lx]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg ul/lbPsf] 5 . ;DalGwt ;Ssnldl;n ;d]t lemsfO{ lgodfg';f/ u/L k]z ug'{eGg] o; cbfnt k"0f { Ohnf;sf] ldlt@)^(.$.(.# sf] cfb]z .

lgodfg';f/ k]zL ;"rLdf r9L cfh o;Ohnf;;dIf k]z ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bsjfbLsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt x'g'ePsf ljåfg j}tlgsclwjQmf jljtf pk|]tL 9sfnn] jfbL u0f]zk|;fbbfxfnnfO{ kfngkf]if0f ug]{ zt{ pNn]v u/L


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3'G;fkm]bLsf] 3/af/L hUufdWo] cfwf hUuf rngug]{ egL k|ltjfbLn] ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ df3/;f/df lnvt ul/lbPsf]df kl5 ldlt@)$#.!.!* df ;f]xL hUuf lgh k|ltjfbL k/z'/fdbfxfnnfO{ jfbLn] xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvt kfl/tul/lbPsf]df ljjfb b]lvFb}g . k|ltjfbLn] ;f]zt{gfdf;lxtsf] hUuf as; kfPkl5 oL jfbLnfO{x]/ljrf/ / kfngkf]if0f gu/]sf] eGg] s'/f oL b'O{afa' 5f]/faLr cbfntdf ljleGg d'2f rn]af6;d]t :ki6 b]lvO{ /x]sf] 5 . pQm zt{gfdfsf]lnvtdf plNnlvt zt{ cg';f/ kfngkf]if0f /x]/ljrf/ gu/]sf] / ldlt @)^#.!).!* df ;f]xLhUuf k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnn] cfkm\gL>LdtLnfO{ as;kq u/L xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]cj:yf 5 . s;}n] s;}nfO{ cfkm\gf] xssf] ;DklQlbFbf zt{;lxt as; u/L lbPsf]df ;f] zt{sf]kfngf gePdf ;f] as;kq ab/ u/fpg kfpGgeGg' Gofo / sfg"gsf] /f]xaf6 ldNg] cj:yfx'Fb}g . o:t} tYo / ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ePsf]d'2fdf zt{ ;lxtsf] as;kq kfpg]n] ;f] zt{sf]kfngf gu/] lbg]n] ;f] lnvt hlxn];'s} klgab/ u/fpg kfpg] egL gs]fk @)$%, lg=g+=#$@^, k[= #^! df l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 .pQm d'2fdf k|ltkflbt l;4fGt;d]tsf] ljk/Ltx'g] u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6km};nf ePsf] b]lvFbf pQm km};nf k'g/fjnf]sgu/L pN6L u/L jfbL bfjL adf]lhd lnvt ab/x'g] 7x/fPsf] z'¿ bf]nvf lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf ;b/ sfod x'g'k5{ eGg] ax; ug'{eof] .

To:t} k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt/xg'ePsf ljåfg clwjQmf s]bf/ uf}tdn] ldlt@)$@.!!.@@ sf] lnvt /lhi6«]zg kfl/t geO{3/;f/df v8f ePsf] eGg]df ljjfb b]lvFb}g .pQm lnvt u0f]zk|;fb / uh]Gb|s'df/ aLr ePsf]

eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . uh]Gb|s'df/ / k/z'/fd Ps}JolQm x'g\ eGg] k'li6 ePsf] cj:yf 5}g . oLjfbLn] k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnnfO{ 3'G;fk]mbL3/af/Lsf] aLhdfgf ..$ dWo] ..@ dfgf If]qkmnsf]hUuf l/emafkt ldlt @)$#.!.!* df as;kqul/lbPsf] b]lvG5 . s;}n] s;}nfO{ l/emafktas;kq ul/lbg' eg]sf] ljutdf p;n] u/]sf]of]ubfgaf6 v'zL eO{ lbg] lqmof xf] . jfbLn]lkm/fbdf pNn]v u/]em}F ldlt @)$#.!.!* dfkfl/t ePsf] as;kq lnvtdf eljiodfu0f]zk|;fbnfO{ kfngtfng ug]{ zt{ /flvPsf]eGg] b]lvFb}g . o;/L Psk6s cfkm\gf] xssf]hUuf :j]R5fn] xs x:tfGt/0f u/]kZrft\ kfpg]sf]xs k'uL lbg]sf] xs ;dfKt x'G5 . To;df klgjfbLn] pQm lnvt cGoyf xf] egL ;dodf g}ab/ jfltn u/fpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf clxn]cfP/ ;f] lnvt / To;sf] cfwf/df ePsf] ldlt@)^#.!).!* sf] as;kqsf] lnvt ab/ ul/kfpFmegL bfjL ug]{ cj:yf /xFb}g . o;sf ;fy}k'g/fj]bsn] k]z u/]sf] ghL/sf] tYo Pj+ sfg"gLk|Zg / k|:t't d'2fsf] tYo Pj+ sfg"gL k|Zg;dfg geO{ km/skm/s 5 . pQm d'2fdf 3/;f/dfePsf] zt{gfdfsf] lnvt kl5 cbfntaf6 ePsf]ldnfkqaf6 ;dly{t ePsf] cj:yf 5 . t/k|:t't ljjfbdf 3/;f/sf] zt{gfdfsf] lnvt;dly{t ePsf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . t;y{, pQmghL/ l;4fGt k|:tt' d'2fdf cfslif{t x'g] cj:yfgx'Fbf o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf]km};nf pQm ghL/;Fu aflemPsf] cj:yf 5}g .t;y{ o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf]km};nf ;b/ sfod x'g'kb{5 eGg] ax; k|:t'tug'{eof] .

pk/f]Qm tYo ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf b'j}kIfsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] ug'{ePsf]

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ax; lhsL/;d]t ;'gL cfh lg0f{o ;'gfpgsf]lgldQ k]z ePsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;ncWoog u/L lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ o; cbfnt;+o'Qm Ohnf;jf6 ePsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5,5}g jfbLsf] dfu adf]lhd pQm km};nfk'g/fjnf]sg x'g] xf], xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{olbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ jfbLn] cfk"m /k|ltjfbL k/z'/fdaLr 6+ss'df/L / cfk"m;d]tsf]kfngkf]if0f ug]{ / cfk"mx¿ k/nf]s ePkZrft\sfhls/Lof;d]t ug]{ zt{ pNn]v u/L ldlt@)$@.!!.@@ df 3/;f/df lnvt v8f ePsf]df;f]xL hUuf ldlt @)$#.!.!* ut] ;f]xL zt{aGb]hsf] clwgdf /xL ef]u rng ug]{ egL lghk/z'/fdnfO{ ;zt{ xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvtkfl/t u/L lbPsf]df lgh ljkIfLn] pQmas;kqsf] zt{ ;d]tsf] kfngf gu/L dnfO{nfpg vfg glbO{ dfgl;s oftgf lbO{ pQm 3/hUuf cfkm\gf] >LdtLsf] gfddf ldlt @)^#.!).!*ut]sf lbg xfn}sf] as;kq u/L lbPsf]n] ;f]lnvtx¿ ab/ u/L pQm hUufdf cfkm\gf] xsk'g:yflkt ul/kfpFm eGg] lkm/fb bfjL lnPsf]dfk|ltjfbLsf] k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ x]bf{ jfbL cfkm}Fn]ldlt @)$#.!.!* ut] lgzt{ xfn}sf] as; kfl/tu/L lbg' ePsf]df @! jif{kl5 cfP/ cfkm}Fn] ab/ul/kfpFm egL d'2f bfo/ ug]{ xsb}of lghnfO{gePsf]n] em"7f lkm/fb c=a+= !*) g+= adf]lhdlkm/fb vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|ltpQ/ lhsL//x ]sf ] k |:t 't d '2fdf jfbL u0f ]zk |;fbbfxfn;d]tnfO{ kfngtfng ug]{ egL ldlt@)$@.!!.@@ df zt{gfdfsf] sfuh u/]af6 ;f]xLhUuf u0f]zk|;fbn] k/z'/fdnfO{ ldlt @)$#.!.!*df xfn}sf] as;kq lnvt kfl/t ul/lbPsf]df;f] zt{gfdfsf] sfuhcg';f/ jfbLnfO{ k|ltjfbLn]

kfngkf]if0f u/]sf] b]lvg gcfPsf] x'Fbf jfbLn]k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnnfO{ @)$#.!.!* dful/lbPsf] xfn}sf] as;kq lnvt / ;f] lnvtsf]cfwf/df k|ltjfbLn] cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ kfl/tu/L lbPsf] ldlt @)^#.!).!* sf] as;kqsf]lnvt;d]t ab/ x'g] 7x¥ofO{ ePsf] bf]nvflhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.*.# sf] km};nfpN6L x'g] 7x/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]ldlt @)^&.*.@ sf] km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x/L o;cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ldlt @)^*.!.@%df km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] km};nf k'g/fjnf]sgu/L x]l/kfpFm eGg] jfbLsf] lgj]bgdf o;cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^(.$.( df k'g/fjnf]sgsf]lg:;f k|bfg ePsf] /x]5 .

#= oL jfbL u0f]zk|;fb bfxfn lbg] /k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfn lng] eO{ ldlt@)$#.!.!* ut] lhNnf bf ]nvf, dfnLuf=lj=;=j8f g+= & sf] 3'G;fk]mbL 3/af/Lsf]aLh dfgf ..$ dWo] ..@ hUuf xfn}b]lvsf]as;kqsf] lnvt kfl/t ePsf]df s'g} ljjfbb]lvb}g . jfbLn] pNn]v u/]sf] ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ut ]sf ] zt {gfdf lnvt u0f ]zk |;fb /uh]Gb|s'df/aLr v8f ePsf] b]lvG5 . uh]Gb|s'df// k/z'/fd Ps} JolQm eGg] sxLFaf6 k|dfl0ftePsf] b]lvFb}g . ;fy}, ;f] zt{gfdf lnvtsfg"gadf]lhd /lhi6«]zg kfl/t ePsf] klgb]lvFb}g . ;f] lnvtadf]lhdsf] zt{sf] bfloTjk | ltjfb Laf6 kfng gePsf ]n ] ;f ]zt{gfdfcg';f/sf] bfloTj kfng u/fO{ kfpFmegL ;f] lnvtnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ jfbLn] ;flwsf/lgsfodf ph"/ ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf;d]t b]lvb}g .ldlt @)$#.!.!* df dfnkf]t sfof{nodf kfl/tePsf] xfn}b]lvsf] as;kqsf] lnvtdf jfbLn]pNn]v u/]cg';f/sf] To:tf] s'g} zt{ jGb]h


316316316316316

pNn]v ePsf] b]lvFb}g . jfbLn] cfk"mn] :j]R5fn]cfkm\gf] xssf] ;DklQ Psk6s kfl/t u/LlbO;s]sf]df ;f] lnvt cGoyf k|dfl0ftgeP;Dd To;n] sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKt ug]{ g}b ] lvG5 . pQm as;kqsf ] lnvt jfbLu0f]zk|;fb bfxfn :jod\n] dfnkf]t sfof{nodfpkl:yt eO{ ;gfvt u/L kfl/t u/L lbPsf] /;f] lnvtdf nfu]sf] ;lx5fk cfkm\gf] xf]Og jflnvt cGoyf xf] egL jfbLn] ljjfb b]vfPsf]cj:yf;d]t b]lvFb}g .

$= ldlt @)$#.!.!* df kfl/t ePsf]pQm lnvt ab/ ul/kfp F m egL ldlt@)^$.!).@& df dfq jfbLn] lkm/fb lbPsf]b]lvG5 . pQm lkm/fbkq sfg"gn] tf]s]sf]xbDofbleq k/]sf] cj:yf ;d]t b]lvFb}g . olbs;}n] c¿sf] ;d]t xs nfUg] cfk"mn] lbggx'g] ;DklQ as; ul/lbPsf]df xs k'Ug]n]pQm lnvt ab/ ul/kfpFm egL bfjL lnO{ hfg;lsg]df lnvt u/L lbg] kIfn] g} cfk"mn]ul/lbPsf] lnvt ab/ ul/kfpFm egL bfjL ug{ldNg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . olb To:tf] x'g] xf] eg]JolQmx¿ aLr sfg"gcg';f/ ePsf] Jojxf/df;+s6 / clglZrttfsf] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 .jfbLn] cfkm"n] /fhLv'zLn] Psk6s ;flwsf/lgsfodf pkl:yt eO{ ;gfvt;d]t u/L hUufxs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] lnvt ab/ u/fO{ kfpFmeGg] bfjL lnP/ cbfntdf k|j]z ug]{ xslghnfO{ sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvg cfPg .xfn}b]lvsf] as;kq lnvt kfl/t ePs}ldltb]lv lbg]sf] xs ;dfKt eO{ lng]sf] xsl;h{gf x'g] ePsf]n] ;f]xL ldltb]lv kfpg]n];f] ;DklQ cfk"mv'z ug{ s'g} sfg"gn] lgif]wgu/]sf] cj:yfdf ldlt @)^#.!).!* ut]k|ltjfbLn] pQm ;DklQ cfkm\gf] >LdtLnfO{

xfn}sf] as;kq kfl/t u/]sf] lqmofnfO{sfg"gljk/Ltsf] sfo{ eGg ldNg] cj:yfb]lvPg . o;sf cnfjf ldlt @)^#.!).!*sf] as;kqsf] lnvt ab/ ul/kfpFm egLbfjL lng] jfbLn] ;f] ;DklQ as;kq u/fO{lng] k|ltjfbL k/z'/fd bfxfnsL >LdtLnfO{k|ltjfbL agfPsf] cj:yf;d]t b]lvFb}g . o:tf]cj:yfdf lghsf] xs lxtdf c;/ kg]{ u/LpQm as;kqsf] lnvtaf/] o; cbfntaf6af]Ng ldNg] cj:yf b]lvPg .

%= jfbLn] cfk"m / uh]Gb|s'df/ eGg]k/z'/fd bfxfnaLr ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ df3/;f/df zt{gfdfsf sfuh x'Fbf ;f] sfuhdfcfk"m / >LdtL 6+ss'df/LnfO{ k/z'/fdn] jfr'~h]nx]/ljrf/ Pj+ kfngkf]if0f ug]{ / d/]kl5 sfhls/Lofug]{ ;f]afkt cfkm\gf] xssf] plNnlvt 3'G;fkm]bL3/af/Lsf] aLhdfgf ..$ dWo] aLhdfgf ..@ sf]hUuf lgh k|ltjfbL k/z'/fdn] ef]u rng ug]{zt{ pNn]v ePsf]df kl5 ;f]xL hUuf ldlt@)$#.!.!* df lghnfO{ xfn}sf] as;kqul/lbPkZrft\ ;f] 3/;f/sf] zt{gfdfsf] lnvt:jtM ;dly{t ePsf] cj:yfdf zt{gfdfsf] sfuhdfplNnlvt ;f] zt{sf] kfngf gu/]sf]n] ;f]zt{;lxtsf] xfnsf] as;kqsf] lnvt ab/ul/kfpFm eGg] bfjL lnPaf6 ;f] ldlt @)$#.!.!*df kfl/t ePsf] xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvt x]bf{jfbLn] pNn]v u/]em}F ;f] lnvtdf To:tf] s'g} zt{jGb]h pNn]v ePsf] b]lvg cfpFb}g . ;f] 3/;f/sf]zt{gfdfsf] Joxf]/fnfO{ k|ltjfbLn] :jLsf/ u/]sf]cj:yf ;d]t b]lvFb}g . g t ;f] zt{gfdfsf] lnvtpk/ d'2f k/L cbfntaf6 ;dly{t ePsf] jf jfbLk|ltjfbLaLr kfl/t ePsf] ldlt @)$#.!.!* sf]lnvtdf pNn]v eO{ ;dly{t ePsf] cj:yfb]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:Yffdf sf/0fLx¿ aLr df}sfdf

317317317317317


h] Jojxf/ ul/Psf] xf] / lnvtdf h] Joxf]/fn]lvPsf] xf], ;f] lnvt x]bf{ lnvtaf6 h] Joxf]/fb]lvG5 jf h:tf] Jojxf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 cbfntaf6;f] lnvtaf6 b]lvPsf] Joxf]/f jf ePsf] Jojxf/sf]3f]if0ff;Dd ul/lbg] xf] . k|:t't d'2fdf jfbLn]pNn]v u/] em}F 3/;f/sf] sfuhdf pNn]v u/]sf]zt{ pQm kfl/t as;kqsf] lnvtdf pNn]vePsf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf clxn] cfP/ cbfntn]lagf cfwf/ / sf/0f jfbL bfjLadf]lhd ;f] zt{kfngf gu/]sf] egL af]Ng ldNg] cj:yf b]lvb}g .

^= o; cbfnt k"0f { Ohnf;af6k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|bfg ubf{ o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf] km};nf g]sfk @)$%,lg=g + = #$@^, k [ = #^! df k | ltkf lbtl;4fGtljk/Lt ePsf] eGg] cfwf/ lnO{k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|bfg ePsf] b]lvG5 .pQm d'2fsf] tYo Pj+ lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ k|Zg /k|:t't d'2fsf] tYo Pj+ lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ k|Zgkm/skm/s /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] d'2fdf 3/;f/dfePsf] zt{gfdfsf] sfuhsf] Joxf]/fnfO{ kIfx¿aLr cbfntdf ePsf] ldnfkqjf6 ;dly{tePsf] cj:yf 5 eg] k|:t't d'2fdf @)$@;fnsf] 3/;f/sf] zt{gfdfsf] sfuhsf] Joxf]/fsxLFaf6 k'i6L Pj+ ;dy{g ePsf] cj:yf b]lvb}g .t;y{ pQm d'2fdf plNnlvt ghL/ l;4fGtk|:t't d'2fdf cfslif{t gx'g] x'Fbf lg:;f k|bfgubf{ lnPsf] cfwf/;Fu of] Ohnf; ;xdt x'g;s]g . To; sf/0fn] o; cbfnt ;+o'QmOhnf;jf6 ldlt @)^*.!.@% df ePsf] km};nf;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt pQm ghL/;FuaflemPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfPg .

&= jfbL u0f ]zk |;fb bfxfnn ]k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bgdf cfk"m a'9];sfndf cfP/

hUuflaxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] egL lnPsf] lhsL/sf];DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ ldlt @)$#.!.!* dfk/z'/fd bfxfnnfO{ 3'G;fkm]bL 3/af/L hUufdWo]cfwf hUuf xfn}sf] as;kq ul/lbPkl5 c+z:j¿k kfPsf] pQm hUufdWo] cfwf hUuf lghsf]gfddf afFsL g} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ldlt @)%).*.!!df ePsf] ;e]{gfkLdf lgh k/z'/fdn] ;f]as;kqsf] lnvtsf] cfwf/df 3'G;fkm]bL3/af/Lsf] k"/} hUuf cfkm\gf] gfpFdf btf{ u/fO{lnPsf]df To;pk/ log} jfbL / k|ltjfbLaLrd'2f k/L sf/jfxL rNb} hfFbf ;f] cfwfeGbf a9LhUufsf] k|ltjfbLn] u/fPsf] btf{ ab/ x'g] 7x/Lo; cbfnt;d]taf6 @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+=#@* sf] gfkL btf{ ab/ btf{ d'2fdf ldlt@)^^.#.@( df km};nf ePsf] b]lvPsf] / ;f]d'2fdf ePsf] km};nfcg';f/ pQm cfwf hUuf oLjfbLsf] gfpFdf btf{ sfod x'g] u/L km};nf e};s]sf]b]lvFbf lghn] lhsL/ lnPadf]lhd lgh hUuflaxLgcj:yfdf /x]sf] eGg] klg b]lvg cfPg .

*= o;k|sf/ dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/ /sf/0fjf6 ldlt @)$@.!!.@@ sf] 3/;f/sf]zt{gfdfsf] lnvtdf plNnlvt zt{ jfbLn] pNn]vu/] em}F ldlt @)$#.!.!* ut] kfl/t ePsf]xfn}sf] as;kqsf] lnvtdf pNn]v ePsf]gb]lvPsf] Pj+ pQm 3/;f/sf] lnvtsf plNnlvtzt{ kfngf ug]{ u/L ldlt @)$#.!.!* df xfn}sf]as;kqsf] lnvt kfl/t ePsf] eGg] bfjL cGok|df0faf6 ;d]t k'li6 ePsf] gb]lvFbf jfbLbfjLadf]lhd lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] z'¿bf]nvf lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf pN6L u/LjfbLbfjL gk'Ug] 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,kf6gsf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf] o; cbfnt ;+o'QmOhnf;sf] ldlt @)^*.!.@% sf] km};nf o;cbfntsf] k"j{ Ohnf;af6 lg:;f k|bfg ubf{


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cfwf/ lnOPsf] o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbtghL/;Fu aflemPsf] eGg] cj:yf gb]lvPsf]n]pQm km};nf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbLsf]lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g . o; cbfnt ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 ePsf] OG;fkm d'gfl;j 7x5{ .bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}F .

k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

;+jt\ @)^( ;fn df3 @% ut] /f]h % z'ed\ ==Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lai6

lg0f{o g+=*(&! lg0f{o g+=*(&! lg0f{o g+=*(&! lg0f{o g+=*(&! lg0f{o g+=*(&!

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxdfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofodfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

d'2f g+=–)^*–DF–))!$km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.@!.%

d'2f M– c+z .

k'g/fj]bs ÷ jfbLM lhNnf bfª, 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfjf8{ g+= !) 3f]/fxL a:g] lgd{nf /f]sf

lj?4k|ToyL{ ÷ k|ltjfbLM lhNnf bfª, 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf

jf8{ g+= !) 3f]/fxL a:g] afns[i0f /f]sf

o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df km};nf ug]{GofofwLzx¿ M–

df=Gof=>L tflx/ cln cG;f/Ldf=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

§ lkm/fb kl/;s]kl5 km};nf gx'Fb} d'n'sLP]gdf ul/Psf] ;+zf]wgn] 5f]/LnfO{ c+lzof/sfod u/]sf] l:yltnfO{ d'2f kbf{kb}{sf]cj:yfdf Ps c+lzof/sf] hGd eP;/xdfGg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=#_§ bfjL g} gul/Psf] ljifoj:t'df lg0f{o

ug{ jf dfu u/]sf] eGbf a9L ljifodfcbfntn] km};nf ug{ ldNb}g eGg]km};nfsf] ;fdfGo lgod xf] . t/, c+zh:tf] g};lu{s clwsf/sf] ljifodf jfbLn]bfjL u/]sf] cj:yfdf sfod /x]sf]c+lzof/sf] ;+Vof kl5 km};nf x'Fbfsf]cj:yfdf 36L jf a9L x'g uPdf k|df0fsf]cfwf/df c+lzof/x¿sf] jf:tljs;+Vofadf]lhd lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ ljz]if cj:yfx'g hfg] .

§ Pp6f afa'af6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfgn] jf s'g}c + lzof/n] tTsfn sfod /x ]sf ]c+lzof/sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df c+z d'2flbP klg d'2f rNbfrNb} csf]{ ;Gtfgsf]hfohGd eO{ c+lzof/sf] ;+Vof a9\guof] jf s'g} c+lzof/sf] d[To' eO{ s"nc+lzof/sf] ;+Vof 36\g uPsf] cj:yfb]lvof] eg] km};nf x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdfsfod /x]sf] s'n c+lzof/sf] ;+Vof osLgu/L ;f] sfod /x]sf] c+lzof/aLr a08fug]{ u/L km};nf ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

&&&&&

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*(&! –*(&! –*(&! –*(&! –*(&! – lgd{nf /f]sf lj=afns[i0f /f]sf

§ sfg"gn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ k}t[s ;DklQdfcGo c+lzof/;/x clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{Joj:yf u¥of] eg] h'g lbgaf6 sfg"gn]To:tf] Joj:yf ub{5 ;f]xL lbgaf6 gofFc+lzof/sf] hGd eP;/x dfGg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ c+zxs h:tf] g};lu{s xssf ;DaGwdf

k|rlnt sfg"gsf] ;+s'lrt JofVof u/Ld'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf ylkPsfc+lzof/n] c+z gkfpg] JofVof ug]{ xf]eg] 5f]/Ln] c+z kfpg'kg]{ eGg] ;+zf]lwtsfg"gsf] ljk/Lt x'g uO{ kIfn] Gofokfpg ;Sg] cj:yf g/xg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ c+z d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf d'n'sL

P]gdf P3f/f}F ;+zf]wg eO{ 5f]/f;/x 5f]/Lklg c+lzof/ ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] jfbLsL5f]/Lsf] k|fs[lts hGd klxn] g} ePsf]eP klg sfg"gadf]lhd c+lzof/sf] ¿kdf;f]xL ;+zf]lwt ldltdf hGd ePsf]dfGg'kg]{ .

§ k|rlnt sfg"gn] k|i6¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf]ljifodf To;sf] cGoyf cy{ nfUg] u/LJofVof ug{' Goflos dfGotfljk/Lt x'ghfg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_k'g/fj]bssf tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf uf]kfnk|;fb

zdf{ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf ljZjk|sfz

e08f/LcjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]

lgod #-s_

§ c+za08fsf] dxnsf] ! g+=§ lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]

lgod &*v-!_, -@_

km};nfGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM o; cbfntsf]

;+o'Qm Ohnf;df /foafemL e} ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod # -s_ adf]lhdk"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M–

d"n c+lzof/ klt afns[i0f /f]sf /cfdfh" wgL;/L /f]sf x'g'x'G5 . klt afns[i0f/f]sfsf] tLgj6L >LdtLdWo] h]7L b]j /f]sf, dflxnLd bnHof]tL /f]sf tyf sfG5L >LdtL d lgd{nf/f]sf xf}+ . d lkm/fbL bnHof]tLaf6 Ps 5f]/Lc;kmL{ /f]sf / d lkm/fbL lgd{nf /f]sfaf6 Ps5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sf / Ps 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf] hGde} xfn xfdL ̂ c+lzof/ 5f}+ . klt afns[i0f /f]sfj]nfotL uf]vf{ ;]gfsf] l;kfxL kbaf6 k]G;g e}cfPkl5 xfdLnfO{ vfgnufpg glbO{ kIfkftu/]sf]n] ljkIfLdWo]sf nf]Ug] afns[i0f /f]sf /cfdfh" wg;/L /f]sf u/L b'O{ d"n c+lzof/ ePsf]n];Dk"0f{ ;DklQnfO{ @ -b'O{_ efu u/L klt afns[i0f/f]sfn] kfpg] Ps efusf] ̂ efu u/L ;f]dWo]af6xfdL lkm/fbLnfO{ @ efu ;DklQ lbnfO e/fO{kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] bnHof]tL /f]sf /lgd{nf /f]sfsf] lkm/fb kq .

ljkIfLx¿ xfdLx¿sf] c+lzof/ xf]Ogg\lsgls xfdLx¿n] klxn] g} c+z d'2f bfo/ u/Lc+z lnO{ a;]sf 5f}+, c+z lnO{ 5'§L leGg ePsfdflg;af6 c+z kfpFm eGg c+za08fsf] !! g+= n]ldNb}g, jfbL bfjL em"7f x'Fbf vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL b]j /f]sf / k|df]zg/f]sfsf] k|ltpQ/ kq .


320320320320320

k|ltjfbL afns[i0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQaf6^ v08 u/L ;f]dWo]af6 @ efu ;DklQ oLjfbLx¿n] kfpg' k5{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf;fIfL g/axfb'/ 3tL{ du/n] u/]sf] askq .

o;df k|ltjfbL b]j /f]sf / k|df]zg/f]sf ;d]tpk/ bfjL ePsf]df lghx¿ o;cl3g} c+z lnO{ leGg e};s]sf] eGg] b]lvFbf lghx¿af6c+z kfpg] eGg ldn]g . t;y{ jfbLsf] afa' kltk|ltjfbL afns[i0f /f]sfsf] efudf kg]{ ;DklQaf6# efu u/L ;f] # efudWo]af6 @ efu ;DklQ oLjfbLx¿n] kfpg] 7x5{ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] @)^#.!.@!sf] bfª b]pv'/L lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf .

d]/f] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfx vr{ Pj+ 5f]/f5]jfªsf] c+z efu;d]tsf af/]df s]xL gaf]nLhDdf ;DklQnfO{ # efu u/L ;f] ;DklQaf6xfdL jfbLn] @ efu kfpg] u/L ePsf] z'¿km};nf gldn]sf] x'Fbf ;f] xb;Dd ab/ u/L d]/f]z'¿ lkm/fb Pj+ k'g/fj]bg lhsL/adf]lhd xsOG;fkm kfpFm eGg] jfbL lgd{nf /f]sfn] lbPsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df jfbLn] ^ efusf] @ efu c+zlbnfO{ kfpFm eGg] bfjL lnPsf]df ;f]cg';f/ gx'g]u/L z'¿af6 ePsf] km};nfdf c+z;DaGwL sfg"gLk|Zgsf] JofVof ;d]t af/] k'g/fj]bsn] lnPsf]lhsL/sf] kl/k|]Iodf 5nkmnsf] nflu ljkIfLlemsfO{ cfP jf cjlw JotLt ePkl5 lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] ldlt @)^#.*.!) sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cfb]z .

o;df lkm/fb k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ tyfk'g/fj]bg kqsf] k]6af]nLdf plNnlvt c+lzof/x¿dWo] jfbL lgd{nf /f]sfsf] 5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sfnfO{klg c+lzof/ sfod u/L a08f ug'{kg]{df ;f]gu/]sf] / lgh 5]jfª / 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf] ljjfxvr{ c+za08fsf] !& g+= cg';f/ k/ ;fg'{kg]{df

g;f/]sf] b]lvFbf ;f] xb;Ddsf] z'¿ bfª b]pv'/LlhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^#.!.@! sf] km};nfgldn]sf] x'Fbf s]xL pN6L eO{ k]z x'g cfPsf]tfobftL kmfF6jf/Ladf]lhd 5f]/f 5]jfª / 5f]/Lg]xfsf] ljjfx vr{ P]gadf]lhd k/;f/L afFsL x'gcfPsf] ;DklQnfO{ $ efu u/L afa' afns[i0f/f]sfsf] ! efu k/;f/L tLg efu c+z jfbLåobn Hof]tL /f]Ssf / 5]jfª /f]sfn] kfpg] 7x5{eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, t'n;Lk'/sf] ldlt@)^$.#.!! sf] km};nf .

z'¿ bfª b]pv'/L lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)^#.!.@! df cljjflxt gfafns 5f]/Lg]xf /f]sfsf] c+z k/ g;fg]{ u/L ePsf] km};nf;b/ sfod /fvL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt t'n;Lk'/af6ldlt @)^$.#.!! df ePsf] km};nf uDeL/¿kdfq'l6k"0f{ eO{ ab/efuL x'Fbf pQm q'l6k"0f{ km};nfab/ u/L d'n'sL P]g -P3f/f } ;+zf ]wg_c+za08fsf] dxnsf] ! g+= adf]lhd xfdL c+lzof/k|ltjfbL afns[i0f /f]sf –! d k'g/fj]bs jfbLlgd{nf /f]sf, jfbL bnHof]tL /f]sf –! gfafns5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sf ! gfafns cljjflxt 5f]/Lg]xf /f]sf – ! ;d]t hgf % x'Fbf cljjflxt5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sf / 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf] ljjfxvr{ k/;f/L afFsL tfobftL kmfF6jf/L adf]lhdsf]>L ;DklQnfO{ % efu nufO{ ;f] % efudWo]af6d k'g/fj]bs jfbL lgd{nf /f]sf / csL{ jfbLbnHof]tL /f]sfnfO{ Ps Ps efu u/L @ efuc+z k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLaf6 lbnfO{ e/fO{ kfpFmeGg] jfbL lgd{nf /f]sfsf] o; cbfntdf kg{cfPsf] k'g/fj]bg .

o;df P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgaf6 ;+zf]lwt d'n'sLP]g c+za08fsf] ! g++= df afa', cfdf, nf]Ug],:jf:gL 5f]/f, 5f]/Lx¿sf] hLohLo}sf] c+z ug'{k5{ egL e}/x]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] kl/k|]Iodf

321321321321321


lkm/fbkqdf k]6af]nLdf plNnlvt cljjflxtgfafns 5f]/Lsf] c+z efu sfod gu/]sf] xb;Ddk'g/fj]bg cbfnt bfªsf] km};nf km/s kg{;Sg] b]lvFbf ljkIfL lemsfO{ k]z ug'{ eGg] o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.(.@! sf] cfb]z .

o;df k|:t't lkm/fb kbf{ sfod /x]sf]c+lzof/x¿sf] ;+VofnfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn]sfod /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . c+za08fsf] !& g+=dfljjfx gePsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] xsdf ljjfxvr{ k/ ;fg]{;Ddsf] Joj:yf /x]sf]n] cljjflxt5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sf Pj+ 5f]/L] g]xf /f]sfsf] ljjfxvr{ k/;f/L afFsL ;DklQnfO{ $ efu u/Lafns[i0f /f]sf / lghsf] b'O{ >LdtL / !5f]/fnfO{ c+lzof/ sfod u/L b'O{hgf jfbLx¿n]Ps–Ps efu c+z kfpg] 7x¥ofO{ k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . c+z d'2fkl/;s]sf] l:yltdf kl5 ePsf] ;+zf]wgn]jfbLsf] 5f]/L g]xfsf] c+z xs sfod x'g ;Sb}g .t;y{ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yfcg'¿k$ efusf] @ efu c+z jfbLx¿n] kfpg] 7x/u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt t'n;Lk'/sf] ldlt@)^$.#.!! sf] km};nf ldn]sf] x'Fbf ;b/ x'g]7x5{ . jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g .;xof]uL dfggLo GofofwLzsf] /fo;Fu ;xdtgx'Fbf k|:t't d'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod # -s_ adf]lhd lg0f{ofy{ k"0f{Ohnf;df k]z ug'{ eGg] dfggLo GofofwLztflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf] /fo .

o;df c+lzof/df ljjfb g/x]sf ]cj:yfdf k|rngdf /x]sf] sfg"gnfO{ cjnDagu/L sfg"gcg'¿k Gofo k|bfg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .k'g/fj]bs lgd{nf /f]sfn] 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf]c+z xsdf k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ lnO{ k'g/fj]bgbfo/ ePsf] b]lvPsf] / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,

t'n;Lk'/n] To;tkm{ sfg"gL ljj]rgf u/L Gofok|bfg u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,t'n;Lk'/sf] ldlt @)^$.#.!! sf] km};nf ;f]xb;Dd q'l6k"0f{ eO{ g]xf /f]sfsf] xsdf ljjfxvr{;Dd dfq k/;fg]]{ u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd pN6L eO{ lghg]xf /f]sfn] cGo c+lzof/;/x c+z;d]t kfpg]7x5{ . ;xof]uL dfggLo GofofwLzsf] /fo;Fu;xdt gx'Fbf k|:t't d'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod # -s_ adf]lhdk"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug'{ eGg] dfggLo GofofwLz1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{sf] /fo .

lgodadf]lhd cfhsf] k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bssftkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf uf]kfnk|;fbzdf{n] 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfnfO{ c+lzof/ sfod u/Lkm};nf ug'{kg]{df s]jn ljjfx vr{ dfq k/;fg]{ u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfc+za08fsf] ! g+= ljk/Lt ePsf]n] s]xL pN6Lu/L 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfn] ;d]t c+z kfpg] u/]sf]dfggLo GofofwLz 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{sf] /fo;b/ x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfL afns[i0f/f]sfsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfljZjk|sfz e08f/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"gn] 5f]/LnfO{klg c+lzof/ sfod u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]xLadf]lhd c+za08f x'g] lg0f{o ePdf s'g} cfklQgx'g] egL ax; ug'{eof] .

ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax; ;'gLk'g/fj]bgkq;lxt ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhftcWoog u/L x]bf{ o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfJoQm dfggLo GofofwLz tflx/ cnL cG;f/Ltyf 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{dWo] s;sf] /fo ;b/x'g] xf] jf sfg"gadf]lhd s] x'g'kg]{ xf] eGg];DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .


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jfbL lgd{nf /f]sf ;d]tn] ;f;" k/nf]se};Sg' ePsf] / nf]Ug] afns[i0f /f]sf / cfdfh"wg;/L u/L @ hgf d"n c+lzof/ eO{ d"nc+lzof/dWo]sf nf]Ug] afns[i0fsf] c+z efuaf6lgh nf]Ug] afns[i0f –!, ljkIfL ;f}tf b]j /f]sf–! ;f }tgL 5f ]/ f k |df ]zg /f ]sf –! /lkm/fbLdWo]sL bnHof]tL –!, lgd{nf /f]sf –! /lgd{nfaf6 hGd]sf] 5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sf –! ;d]tu/L hDdf ̂ c+lzof/ /x]sf]n] ̂ efusf] @ efuc+z kfpmF eGg] lkm/fb bfjL ePsf]df xfdLx¿n]klxn] g} c+z d'2f bfo/ u/L c+z lnO{ a;]sf5f}+ ljkIfLx¿ xfdLx¿sf] c+lzof/ xf]Ogg\ jfbLbfjL em "7f x ' Fbf vf/ ]h ul/kfp F m eGg ]k|ltjfbLdWo]sf b]j /f]sf / k|df]zg /f]sfsf]k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

k|:t't d'2fdf z'¿ lhNnf cbfntn]k|ltjfbLdWo]sf b]j /f]sf / k|df]zg /f]sfn] c+zd'2f bfo/ u/L cfˆgf] c+z efu lnO{ ;s]sf] /cGo oL jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ aLr c+za08f ePsf]gb]lvPsf] egL afns[i0f /f]sfsf] efudf kg]{;DklQaf6 # efu u/L # efudWo]af6 jfbL @hgfsf] c+z efu 5'6\ofO{ lng kfpg] 7x/ u/]pk/jfbL lgd{nf /f]sfn] 5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sf tyf 5f]/Lg]xf /f]sfsf] ;d]t c+z efu g5'6\ofPsf] xb;Ddz'¿ OG;fkm ldn]g egL k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]dfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt t'n;Lk'/n] z'¿ OG;fkmnfO{s]xL pN6L u/L jfbL lgd{nf /f]sfsf 5f]/f 5]jfª/ 5f]/L g]xfsf] ljjfx vr{ k/;f/L afFsL x'gcfPsf] ;DklQnfO{ rf/ efu u/L afns[i0f /f]sfsf]Ps efu k/;f/L afFsL # efu c+z jfbL bnHof]tL/f]sf, lgd{nf /f]sf / lgd{nf /f]sfsf] 5f]/f 5]jfª/f]sfn] kfpg] 7x/ u/]kZrft\ jfbL lgd{nfn]cfˆgf] 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf] ;d]t c+z efu kfpg'kg]{egL o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg bfo/ u/]sf]df

lghnfO{ c+lzof/ sfod ug{ gldNg] eGg] dfggLoGofofwLz tflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf] /fo / xfnk|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd klg lghnfO{ c+lzof/sfod ug' {k5{ eGg] dfggLo GofofwLz1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{sf] /fo eO{ b'j}hgf dfggLoGofofwLzx¿sf aLr dt}So x'g g;s]sf]n] ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-s_adf]lhd o; k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z x'g cfPsf]b]lvG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ oL jfbLk'g/fj]bsn] cfˆgf] klt afns[i0f ;d]taf6sfg"gadf]lhd c+z lbnfO{ kfpFm egL bfjL u/]sf]dfjfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ c+lzof/ /x]sf] / lghx¿sfaLr c+za08f gePsf] eGg] tYodf kIf ljkIfaLrs'g} ljjfb /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . jfbLn] c+zsf] dfubfjL u/L ldlt @)%*.!@.!% df lkm/fb lbPsf]b]lvG5 . jfbLsf] lkm/fbkq kl/;s]kl5 ldlt@)%(.^.!) df c+za08fsf] dxndf ;+zf]wg eO{5f]/LnfO{ klg c+lzof/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 eg]jfbLsL 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf] hGd ldlt @)%%.$.!)df ePsf] eGg] ldl;n ;+nUg hGdbtf{sf]k|df0fkqaf6 b]lvG5 . z'¿ lhNnf cbfntn]jfbLsf afa' klt afns[i0f /f]sfsf] efudf kg]{;DklQ tLg efu u/L ;f] tLg efudWo]af6 b'O{efu ;DklQ jfbLx¿n] 5'6\ofO{ lng kfpg] egLu/]sf] km};nf s]xL pN6L u/L afa' cfdf /5f]/fnfO{ c+lzof/f sfod ub}{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn]z'¿ lhNnf cbfntn] c+zLof/ sfod gu/]sfjfbL lgd{nf /f]sfsf] 5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sfn] ;d]tP]gadf]lhd c+z kfpg] u/L km};nf u/]sf] kfOG5 .k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ;f] km};nfdf lrQ ga'emfO{jfbL lgd{nf /f]sfn] lgh tkm{sL 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfnfO{;d]t c+lzof/ sfod ug'{kg]{ k'g/fj]bg lhsL/lnPsf] b]lvG5 .

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#= c+za08fsf] dxnsf] ! g+= df ePsf];+zf]wgcg';f/ of] gDa/ k|f/De ePkl5 c+za08fubf{ o; dxnsf cGo gDa/x¿sf] clwgdf/xL afa' cfdf, nf]Ug]:jf:gL, 5f]/f 5f]/Lx¿sf]hLohLo}sf] c+z ug{'k5{ eGg] Joj:yf ePsf]kfOG5 . pQm sfg"gL Joj:yf ;+zf]wg eO{ nfu"ePkl5 z '¿ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^#.!.@! df km};nf ePsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .jfbLn] k|:t't lkm/fb ldlt @)%*.!@.!% dfbfo/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt c+za08fsf] !g+=df ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd bfjL u/]sf]tyf ;f]adf]lhd afa', cfdf, :jf:gL 5f]/fx¿sf]hLohLo}sf] c+z ug'{kg]{ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf]kfOG5 . t/ ;f] c+za08fsf] ! g+= df ldlt@)%(.^.!) b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L ;+zf]wg eO{5f]/L ;d]tn] c+z kfpg] Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 .jfbLsL 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf] hGd ldlt @)%%.$.!)df eO{ d'2f btf{ x'Fbf c+z kfpg] c+lzof/g/x]sf] ePklg d'2f km};nf x'Fbf ;+zf]lwtsfg"gadf]lhd lgh c+z kfpg] c+lzof/sf] ¿kdf/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; l:yltdf lkm/fb kl/;s]kl5km};nf gx'Fb} d'n'sL P]gdf ul/Psf] ;+zf]wgn]5f]/LnfO{ c+lzof/ sfod u/]sf] l:yltnfO{ d'2fkbf{kb}{sf] cj:yfdf Ps c+lzof/sf] hGd eP;/xdfGg'kg]{ x'g cfpF5 .

$= xfd|f] ljBdfg Gofo k|0ffnLdf c+zxsnfO{ g}+;lu{s clwsf/sf] ¿kdf dfGotf k|bfgul/Psf] 5 . c+z jf k}t[s ;DklQ;DaGwL;}4flGts / sfg"gL kIftkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ c+zsf]ljifonfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd :yflkt s'g} vf;kl/jf/df hGds} cfwf/df k|fKt x'g] g};lu{sclwsf/sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . ;DklQ k|flKtsfljleGg sfg"gL cfwf/ / l;4fGt /x]sf]df c+zåf/f;DklQ k|fKt ug'{ To:tf] sfg"gL cfwf/ xf]

h;sf] dfWodåf/f kl/jf/df hGd]sf] k|To]sJolQmsf] ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{ sfg"gadf]lhd clwsf/l;h{gf x'G5 . o;} sf/0fn] c+za08f ubf{ afa',cfdf, nf]Ug], :jf:gL 5f]/f 5f]/Lx¿sf] hLohLo}sf]c+z ug{'kg]{ sfg"gL cj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .d'n'sL P]gdf P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg x'g' k"j{ 5f]/LnfO{c+lzof/sf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ gul/Psf]df ;+j}wflgsJoj:yfcg'¿k ;dfgtfsf] xs d'n'ssf ;j}gful/snfO{ k|Tofe"t ul/Pcg';f/ k}t[s;DklQdfly 5f]/f;/x 5f]/Lsf] klg ;dfg xsx'g] dfGotfnfO{ :yflkt ug{ d'n'sL P]gdf pQm; +zf ]wg ePsf ] b ] lvG5 . ; +j }w f lgsJoj:yfcg'¿k k|rlnt sfg"gnfO{ kl/dfh{gug'{ tyf ;dfhsf] ablnFbf] d"No / dfGotfnfO{sfg"gL k|0ffnLcGtu{t lgoldt / Jojl:ytug'{ sfg"gL /fHo / ;+j}wflgs ;jf]{Rrtfsf]nflu cfjZos x'G5 . o;af6 g} ;dfh /sfg"g Ps csf{sf] k"/ssf] ¿kdf ultzLn x'Fb}cufl8 a9\g] l:ylt /xG5 .

%= ;fdfGotof cbfntn] jfbLsf] bfjLdf;Lldt /x]/ lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ / k'g/fj]bg ubf{ klgklxn] ul/Psf] bfjLdf ;Lldt /xL z'¿n] u/]sf]tYout jf sfg"gL q'l6tkm{ k'g/fj]bgdf lhsL/lng'kg]{ x'G5 . k'g/fj]bgkqaf6 z'¿sf] bfjLdfkl/jt{g, yk36 ug{ jf z'¿sf] bfjL eGbf km/sjf cs}{ s'/fsf] bfjL ug{ kfO{Fb}g . bfjL g} gul/Psf]ljifoj:t'df lg0f{o ug{ jf dfu u/]sf] eGbf a9Lljifodf cbfntn] km};nf ug{ ldNb}g eGg]km};nfsf] ;fdfGo lgod xf] . t/ c+z h:tf]g};lu{s clwsf/sf] ljifodf jfbLn] bfjL u/]sf]cj:yfdf sfod /x]sf] c+lzof/sf] ;+Vof kl5km};nf x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf 36L jf a9L x'g uPdfk|df0fsf] cfwf/df c+lzof/x¿sf] jf:tljs;+Vofadf]lhd lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ ljz]if cj:yf x'g


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hfG5 . Pp6f afa'af6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfgn] jf s'g}c+lzof/n] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] c+lzof/sf];+Vofsf] cfwf/df c+z d'2f lbP klg d'2f rNbfrNb}csf]{ ;Gtfgsf] hfohGd eO{ c+lzof/sf] ;+Vofa9\g uof] jf s'g} c+lzof/sf] d[To' eO{ s'nc+lzof/sf] ;+Vof 36\g uPsf] cj:yf b]lvof]eg] km};nf x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf sfod /x]sf] s'nc+lzof/sf] ;+Vof osLg u/L ;f] sfod /x]sf]c+lzof/aLr a08f ug]{ u/L km};nf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .oxL g} c+z;DaGwL sfg"gsf] cf;o / Gofosf]ck]Iff xf] .

^= c+z d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf s'g}c+lzof/ jf ;DklQ yk36 eof] eg] ;f]xLcg'¿k;DklQ a08f ug]{ xfd|f] Goflos k/Dk/f /xLcfPsf] 5 . o; l:yltdf sfg"gn] s'g} JolQmnfO{k}t[s ;DklQdf cGo c+lzof/;/x clwsf/ k|bfgug]{ Joj:yf u¥of] eg] h'g lbgaf6 sfg"gn]To:tf] Joj:yf ub{5 ;f]xL lbgaf6 gofF c+lzof/sf]hGd eP;/x dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . cbfntaf6c+za08fsf] km};nf e};s]kl5 sfof{Gjog ug]{r/0fdf ;d]t km};nf ePsf] ;DklQdf 36a9ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf c+lzof/ ;+Vof / a08fnfUg] ;DklQ osLg u/L sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{c+za08f ug'{kg]{ :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

&= lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@sf] lgod &* v-!_ df æc+za08f nfUg] egLkm};nf ePsf] ;DklQdWo] s'g} ;DklQ a]rlavgcflb s'g} Joxf]/fsf] xs x:tfGt/0f eP gePsf],c+lzof/ ;+Vof 36a9 eP gePsf] ;DaGwdfs'g} lhsL/ eP lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug{ ;ftlbgsf] ;do lbO{ cGo c+za08f x'g afFsLb]lvPsf] ;a} c+lzof/x¿nfO{ lemsfO{ b'j}y/Lsf]s'/f a'‰bf klxn] tfobftL kmfF6jf/Ldf pNn]v

ePadf]lhdsf] ;DklQdf 36La9L gePsf] /c+lzof/ ;+Vof;d]t 36a9 gePsf] b]lvPsf]dfsfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ sfg"gadf]lhd nfUg] sf]6{kmL c;"n u/L c+z 5'6\ofO{ lbg'kb{5Æ eGg] /pklgod -@_ df æpklgod -!_ adf]lhd a'‰bfc+lzof/ ;+Vof 36a9 ePsf] jf klxnf]tfobftL kmfF6jf/Ldf k/]sf] a08f nfUg] 7x/km};nf ePsf] ;DklQdf 36a9 ePsf] b]lvgcfPdf ;f]xL ldl;naf6} c+lzof/ ;+Vof /a08f nfUg] ;DklQ osLg u/L sfg"gsf] /Ltk'¥ofO{ c+za08f u/L lbg' kb{5Æ eGg] ;d]tJoj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

*= o;/L km};nf e};s]kl5 sfof{GjoggeP;Ddsf] r/0fdf c+lzof/x¿sf] ;+Vof yk36ePdf k'gM d'2f ug'{ gkg]{ / ;f]xL km};nfe};s]sf] ldl;naf6} c+lzof/sf] jf:tljs ;+VofosLg u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] cj:yfdf c+z d'2f k/L To;sf] clGtdkm};nf gx'Fb}sf] cj:yfdf lkm/fb kqdf plNnlvtc+lzof/ ;+Vofdf yk36 ePsf] l:yltdf tTsfnsfod /x]sf] c+lzof/x¿sf aLr c+za08f ug'{k|rlnt sfg"g / Gofosf] dfGo l;4fGt /xLcfPsf] 5 . olb c+zxs h:tf] g};lu{s xssf;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] ;+s'lrt JofVofu/L d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf ylkPsfc+lzof/n] c+z gkfpg] JofVof ug]{ xf] eg]5f]/Ln] c+z kfpg'kg]{ eGg] ;+zf]lwt sfg"gsf]ljk/Lt x'g uO{ kIfn] Gofo kfpg ;Sg]cj:yf /xFb}g .

(= k|:t't c+z d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{c+z d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf d'n'sL P]gdfP3f/f}F ;+zf]wg eO{ 5f]/f;/x 5f]/L klg c+lzof/ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] jfbLsL 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf]k | fs[lts hGd klxn] g} ePsf ] ePklg

325325325325325


sfg"gadf]lhd c+lzof/sf] ¿kdf ;f]xL ;+zf]lwtldlt cyf{t\ @)%(.^.!) df hGd ePsf] dfGg'kg]{x'G5 . c+za08fsf] ! g+= tyf lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*v-!_ df /x]sf]sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ c+za08f ubf{ tTsfnsfod /x]sf c+lzof/x¿sf aLr hLohLo} cyf{t\k|lt JolQmnfO{ ;DklQ a08f ug'{kg]{ s'/fdfljjfb /xg ;Sb}g . o;/L k|rlnt sfg"gn]k|i6¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf] ljifodf To;sf] cGoyfcy{ nfUg] u/L JofVof ug{' Goflos dfGotfljk/Lt x'g hfG5 .

!)= t;y{, ljj]lrt cfwf/ sf/0faf6;+zf]lwt c+za08fsf] ! g+=/ lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &* v -!_ sf]Joj:yfcg';f/ c+za08f ubf{ hLohLo}sf] cyf{t\tTsfn sfod /x]sf] c+lzof/sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/dfug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf k|rngdf /x]sf] sfg"gnfO{cjnDag u/L sfg"gcg'¿k Gofo k|bfg ug'{kg]{x'G5 egL k'g/fj]bs lgd{nf /f]sfn] 5f]/L g]xf/f]sfsf] c+z xsdf k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ lnO{k'g/fj]bg bfo/ ePsf] b]lvPsf] / k'g/fj]bgcbfnt t'n;Lk'/n] To;tkm{ sfg"gL ljj]rgfu/L Gofo k|bfg u/]sf] gb]lvPsf] eGg] cfwf/dfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt, t'n;Lk'/sf] ldlt @)^$.#.!!sf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] egL g]xf/f]sfsf] xsdf ljjfx vr{;Dd dfq k/;fg]]{u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ;f]xb;Dd pN6L u/L lgh g]xf /f]sfn] d'n'sLP]gdf ePsf] P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgadf]lhd 5f]/Ln]c+z kfpg] sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd cGoc+lzof/;/x c+z ;d]t kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf] dfggLoGofofwLz 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{sf] /fo dgfl;ax ' Fbf ;f ] /fo ;b/ x 'g ] 7x5{ . c¿dftk;Lnadf]lhd ug'{ .

tk;Ln

dfly OG;fkm v08df pNn]v ePadf]lhd jfbL lgd{nf /f]sfsL 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfsf]xsdf ljjfx vr{;Dd dfq k/;fg]]{ u/L ePsf]]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt t'n;Lk'/sf] ldlt @)^$.#.!!sf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd pN6L u/L lgh g]xf/f]sfn] cGo c+lzof/;/x c+z ;d]t kfpg]7x¥ofPsf] dfggLo GofofwLz 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{sf] /fo ;b/ x'g] 7x/]sf]n] ;f] adf]lhdk'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfsf] tk;Ln v08dfplNnlvt ;DklQ b]vfO{ c+z 5'6\ofO{ kfpFm egLjfbLn] P]gsf Dofbleq b/vf:t lbg cfPcljjflxt 5f]/f 5]jfª / 5f]/L g]xfsf] ljjfxvr{ k/ ;f/L afFsL x'g cfpg] ;DklQnfO{ kfFrefu u/L ;f] dWo]af6 rf/ efu c+z jfbLx¿bnHof]tL /f]sf / lgd{nf /f]sf tyf lgd{nf/f]sfsf] 5f]/f 5]jfª /f]sf / 5f]/L g]xf /f]sfnfO{5'6\ofO{ lbg' egL z'¿ lhNnf cbfntdf n]vLk7fO{ lbg" ==============!

bfo/Lsf ] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{ lbg" =====!

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoGof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} @! ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M– s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L

&&&&&


326326326326326

lg0f{o g+=*(&@ lg0f{o g+=*(&@ lg0f{o g+=*(&@ lg0f{o g+=*(&@ lg0f{o g+=*(&@

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfndfggLo GofofwLz >L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

l/6 g+= @)^*–WS–))$^cfb]z ldltM@)&).!.!(.%

ljifoM pTk|]if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bsM lh= sf7df8f}+, sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfj8f g+= !! l:yt dlxnf sfg"g / ljsf;d~rsf] tkm{af6 clVtof/k|fKt clwjQmfdL/f 9'ª\ufgf;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no;d]t

§ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ h:tf]uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] af/]dfhfx]/L lbg] kLl8t jf cGo JolQmn] cfkm"n]Psk6s lbPsf] aofg km]b}{ lx+8\g] jfcbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:ytgeO{ cbfntnfO{ c;xof]u ug]{ xf] eg]Psflt/ To:tf] ck/fwsf] s;"/bf/nfO{;hfo ug]{ /fHosf] p2]Zo g} k/fhLtx'g hfg] / csf]{tkm{ ljgfsf/0f o:tf]uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] s;"/ u¥of] egL s;}sflj?4 hyfefjL ph"/ ub}{ lx+8\g], t/To;sf] ljj]s;Ddt\ lg¿k0f ug]{ Goflosk|lqmofaf6 efUg] k|j[lQ klg k}bf x'ghfg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_

§ h:tf];'s} j}w sf/0f k/L jf sfa"aflx/sf]kl/l:ylt k/L aofg km]/]sf] jf cbfntn]af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf]cj:yfdf klg kLl8t jf hfx]/jfnfnfO{clgjfo{ ¿kdf s}b ;hfo ug}{kg]{Joj:yfn ] dfgj a ]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ h:tf] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf]ck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ c´a9L kLl8t agfO{ yk lx+;fsf] lzsf/aGg'kg]{ / Gofoaf6 al~rt x'g] cj:yfcfpF5 . kmn:j¿k cfkm}+ lj?4 ePsf]uDeL/ ck/fwsf] af/]df kLl8tn] ;"rgfg} gug]{ jf ug{ g;Sg] kl/l:ylt l;h{gfx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/

-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ bkmf !% sf]pkbkmf -^_ sf] sfof{Gjogn] kLl8tJolQm j}w sf/0fn] cbfntn] tf]s]sf];dodf pkl:yt x'g g;s]df jf klxn]lbPsf] aofg eGbf k|lts"n x'g] u/LjfWofTds kl/l:yltjz askq u/]sf]cj:yfdf ;d]t bl08t eO{ yk kLl8taGg'kg]{ kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ul/lbPsf] 5 .cbfntn] kLl8tsf] k|lts"n ;fIo-Hostile Witness_ jf cg'kl:yltsf]ljifodf Goflos ljj]s k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]s'/fsf] cj/f]wsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] sfg"gLk|fjwfgnfO{ ljj]s;Ddt\ / plrt dfGgg;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ dfga a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf]

ck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_

327327327327327

*(&@ –*(&@ –*(&@ –*(&@ –*(&@ – dlxnf sfg"g / ljsf; d~r ;d]t lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !& adf]lhd e/fO{lbg] 7x/ ePsf] Ifltk"lt{ /sd e/fpg]k|lqmofdf /fHosf] ;+oGqaf6 ;xof]u /kxn gx'g] xf] eg] o:tf ck/fwaf6kLl8tn] Gofosf] dx;"; ug{ g;Sg] .

§ P]gsf] bkmf @^ adf]lhd kLl8tnfO{kof{Kt ;'/Iff k|bfg ul/g' klg plQs}cfjZos 5 . oL ;du| Joj:yfx¿sf]k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogaf6 dfq} dfgja ]r lavg tyf cf ]; f/k;f/sf ]ck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmn] P]gsf] bkmf!%-^_ adf]lhd cbfntn] af]nfPsf];dodf pkl:yt eO{ Goflos k|lqmofnfO{;xof]u ug{ ;dy{ x'g] .

§ lgj]bsn] j}wtfsf] k|Zg p7fPsf] bkmf!% sf] pkbkmf -^_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{s]jn kLl8t JolQm jf hfx]/jfnfsf]PskIfLo st{Josf] ¿kdf y'kf/L To;sf]pNnª\3gafkt lg/k]If s}bsf] ;hfoug'{kg]{ u/L afWofTds Joj:yf ug]{k|fjwfgnfO{ plrt / ljj]s;Ddt\ dfGgg;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf ;kgfk|wfg dNn

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ls/0fkf}8]n

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !@, !#, !*-@_, @)-!_ / -#_§ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_

P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf %, !%-^_

cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_-@_ cGtu{t o;cbfntdf btf{ eO{ k]z ePsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] tYo Pj+ lg0f{o o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M–

lgj]bs ;+:yf dlxnf ju{sf] xs lxt,dlxnf ;zlQms/0f / dlxnf pTyfgsf] nflu sfo{/t/x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;Fu afl´Psf ljleGg g]kfnsfg"g ab/ ug{ l/6 lgj]bg lb+b} cfPsf] ;+:yfePsf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)& adf]lhd l/6 lgj]bglbg] xsb}of lgj]bs ;+:yf;d]tnfO{ k|fKt 5 .

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf-^_ df bkmf % adf]lhd ph"/ ug]{ JolQmn]cfkm"n] Ps k6s lbPsf] aofgljk/Lt x'g] u/Ld'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} aofg lbPdfcbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt gePdfjf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]df lghnfO{ tLgdlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 eGg] Joj:yful/Psf] /x]5 . P]gsf] pQm Joj:yfcg';f/ph"/L ug]{ JolQmn] cfkm"n] Psk6s lbPsf]aofgsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L d'2f k'k{Ifsf]l;nl;nfdf s'g} aofg lbPdf jf cbfntn]af ]nfPsf ] ;dodf pkl:yt gePdf jfcbfntnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]df lghnfO{ ;hfoug{;Sg] k|fjwfgn] kLl8t Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ ;Ddfgug{ ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . lsgeg] kLl8t ;fIfLsf];+/If0fsf] nflu /fHon] kof{Kt ;'/IffTdsJoj:yfx¿ gu/L o:tf] Joj:yf nfu" ubf{ dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ d'2fsf kLl8tdlxnfn] ;xL, ;To / ;fFrf] s'/f pNn]v u/Laskq ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf g} 5}g . bjfj, wDsL,k};fsf] k|nf]eg cflb sf/0faf6 pkl:yt x'g


328328328328328

g;s]df jf kLl8tn] cfkm\gf] k"j{ aofg abn]dfkLl8t / lghsf] kl/jf/ g} sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdfkbf{ bf]xf]/f] kL8f ef]Ug afWo x'g hfg] cj:yfl;h{gf ePsf] 5 . ;f] P]gsf] bkmf % n] ph"/Llbgf;fy kLl8tsf] aofg k|dfl0ft u/fpg ;Sg]Joj:yf ePsf]n] Psk6s aofg k|dfl0ftul/;s]kl5 cbfntdf pkl:yt geP klg ;f]xLaofgnfO{ k|df0fdf lng ;Sg] Joj:yf bkmf ^n] ul/;s]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf kLl8tnfO{ askqsf]nflu k'gM cbfntdf af]nfO/xg' gkg]{ cj:yfk|i6 x'g\ . o:tf] Joj:yf 5Fbf5Fb} bkmf !%-^_df kLl8tnfO{ g} ;hfo ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /flvg'cf}lrTok"0f{ 5}g .

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !# n] ;a} gful/ssfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g] xs k|bfg u/]sf]5 . o;cg';f/ ;dfg:t/df /x]sf gful/sx¿aLr /fHo kIfaf6 x'g] lje]bhGo Jojxf/nfO{/fHon] dfGotf lbg ldNb}g . wf/f !@-!_ n]k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xsx'g]5 eGg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 eg] wf/f !*-@_ n]dlxnf, >lds, a[4, ckfª\u tyf czSt /c;xfo gful/snfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5eGg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . wf/f @)-!_-#_ df dlxnfePs} sf/0fn] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ul/g]5}g eGg] :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/dfclwsf+zt dlxnf g} kLl8t aGg] ub{5g\ .To;}n] o:tf] ck/fw ePdf ;a}eGbf a9L dlxnfg} kLl8t x'G5g\ . kLl8t dlxnfn] g} hfx]/LlbPsf] kfOG5 . o:tf] ljjfbdf kLl8tdlxnfx¿n] hfx]/L b/vf:t lbPkl5 d'2f k'k{Ifsf]l;nl;nfdf kl5 k|lts"n askq u/]df jf Gofolg¿k0fsf] l;nl;nfdf cbfntn] af]nfPsf];dodf pkl:yt gePdf jf ;xof]u gu/]df

kLl8tnfO{ g} k'gM ;hfo ug]{ u/L bkmf !%-^_df ul/Psf] sfg"gL Joj:yf cg'lrt Pj+ lje]bk"0f{/x]sf] 5 . P]gsf] bkmf ^ df kLl8tsf] aofgk|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ePkl5 k'gM To:tf]kLl8tnfO{ ;fIfL;/x cbfntn] askq u/fpg'kg]{ s'g} cf}lrTo g} 5}g . lsgeg] kLl8tsf]k|dfl0ft aofgnfO{ cbfntn] k|df0fdf lng ;Sg]Joj:yf ;f]xL bkmf ^-@_ df /x]sf] cj:yfdfbkmf !%-^_ sf] Joj:yf /fVg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo/xFb}g . ctM bkmf ^-@_ / !%-^_sf Joj:yfPsfk;df cGt/lj/f]wL /x]sf 5g\ .

kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnL klg ;dosf]ult;Fu} kl/jt{gzLn eO{ kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg]tkm{pGd'v x'g'kb{5 . o;} cjwf/0fcg'¿k dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$sf] bkmf ^ df kLl8tsf] aofg k|dfl0ftu/fO;s]kl5 ;f]xL aofgnfO{ k|df0fdf lnO{ d'2fsf]lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] xf] . To:t} bkmf!) df kLl8tn] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 klg 5'6[} sfg"gJoj;foL /fVg kfpg], bkmf !! df kLl8tsf];'ljwfsf] nflu bf]efif] /fVg ;Sg], bkmf !@ dfkLl8tsf] p4f/;DaGwL Joj:yf, bkmf !# dfkLl8tnfO{ k'g{:yfkgf u/fpg] / bkmf !^ dfkLl8tsf] ;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿ ePsfb]lvG5g\ . o;/L pko'{Qm sfg"gL Joj:yfn] dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$cGtu{tsf d'2fsf] sf/jfxL / km};nf sfof{Gjogubf{ kLl8tnfO{ ;f] ;DaGwdf ;a} hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{u/L clgjfo{ ul/Psf] ePtfklg pQm Joj:yfx¿sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o; P]gcGtu{tsf]s;"/nfO{ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]cg';"rL ! df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] / ;f] cg';"rLdf;dfj]z ePsf d'2fx¿sf] sf/jfxLsf] ;"rgfkLl8tnfO{ clgjfo{¿kdf lbg]eGbf To:tf]

329329329329329


kLl8tnfO{ s]jn ;fIfLsf] x}l;otdf /fVg] ul/Psf]b]lvG5 . o:tf] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] d'2fsf kLl8tn]cfkm"pk/ ePsf] ck/fwdf ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ cg';Gwfg/ Goflos sf/jfxLsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ug'{ lghsf];d]t xs / ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf] . t/ k|rlntsfg"gL Joj:yfsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ lgsfox¿af6;f]sf] sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf kLl8tsf] ;/f]sf/ plrttj/n] ;Daf]wg x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ cGtu{tsf ck/fwx¿;+ul7t ¿kdf x 'g ] x 'gfn ] Jofj;flosck/fwLx¿af6 36fOg] o:tf] uDeL/ s;"/dfkLl8tn] cg]sf}+ bjfjx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ :ki6g} 5 . kLl8tnfO{ k|lts"n askq u/fpg ;+ul7tck/fwLx¿n] bjfj, 8/qf;, k|nf]eg, wfswDsLlbg], k|df0f gi6 u/fpg] ub{5g\ . o:tf] ck/fwaf6kLl8t clwsf+z dlxnf / afnaflnsf x'g] x'Fbfo:tf kLl8tx¿ x/]s k6s cbfntdf pkl:yteO{ cfkm"pk/ ePsf] s;"/sf] ljifodf k6sk6saf]Ng ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] P]gsf] bkmf @^ n] kLl8t;fIfLnfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf]eP tfklg ;fIfL ;+/If0f;DaGwL Joj:yf xfn;Ddsfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

ck/fw Pj+ clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]uaf6kLl8tsf nflu Gofo;DaGwL cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf]3f]if0ffkq, !(*% n] Goflos k|lqmof cjnDagug]{ qmddf ck/fwaf6 kLl8tnfO{ ug'{kg]{Jojxf/sf] af/]df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 eg] o:tfJoj:yfsf] cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] ¿kdf ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3 dxf;efaf6 !( gf]e]Da/, !(*% dfkfl/t 3f]if0ffkq /x]sf] 5 . o;cg';f/ d'2fsf];'g'jfOdf kLl8tsf] e"ldsf, ;'g'jfOsf] ;do,km};nf / pkrf/sf] af/]df ;"rgf kfpg] xs,cfkm"nfO{ c;/ kg]{ s'/fdf cbfnt;dIf egfO{

/fVg kfpg] xs, cfkm", kl/jf/ / ;fIfLx¿sf]uf]kgLotf / ;'/Iffsf] xs ;d]t k|Tofe"t ul/Psf]5 . t/ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( n]kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ s]jn ;"rgfstf{df ;Lldt/fv]sf] x'Fbf d'2fsf] cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf lghsf]s'g} e"ldsf gx'g], s]jn ;fIfL x'g] Joj:yf ;f]P]gsf] bkmf # / #) df /x]sf] 5 . o;/L Psflt/kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ cfkm"pk/ 36]sf] o:tf] h3Gock/fwsf] sf/jfxLsf] r/0fdf s'g} e"ldsf /dxTj glbg], csf]{tkm{ dfgj a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !%-^_ df cbfntn] af]nfPsf] a]nf pkl:yt gePdfs}bh:tf] s7f]/ ;hfo ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'n] ;f]Joj:yf cg'lrt / pko'{Qm 3f]if0ffkq ;d]tsf]k|lts"n /x]sf] k|i6 x'G5 . ;fy} ;/sf/Ld'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @* df em"7fs'/f n]lvlbg] jf agfj6L k|df0f k]z ug]{ ujfxnfO{# xhf/;Dd h/Ljfgf / clwstd\ # dlxgf;Dds}b x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 eg] dfgj a]rlavgtyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]gsf] bkmf !%-^_df kLl8t ujfx cbfntdf Ps k6s s'g}sf/0fjz pkl:yt gePdf klg ! jif{;Dd s}bx'g;Sg] km/s Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L Pp6};/sf/jfbL d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( cGtu{trNg] d'2fsf kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ cg'lrt ¿kdfjuL{s/0f u/L cGo d'2fdf eGbf dfgj a]rlavgtyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$cGtu{tsf] d'2fdf k|lts"n askq u/]df jfcbfntdf af]nfPsf avt pkl:yt gePdf jfGoflos k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]df s}b;hfoug]{ u/L bkmf !%-^_ df /flvPsf] Joj:yflje]bhGo / cg'lrt / ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@, !#,!*-@_, @)-!_-#_ ;Fu k|ToIf afl´Psf]n] ab/efuLx'Fbf pQm bkmf ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm . ;fy}


330330330330330

kL l8t ;fIf Lsf ] ; +/If0 f;d ]tsf ] nf lulgDgadf]lhdsf] cfb]z klg hf/L ul/kfpFm –

-s_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ cGtu{tsf d'2fsf];'g'jfO ldlt Pj+ cbfntaf6 ePsf]lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ ;d]tlbg' egL dftxt lhNnf cbfntnfO{k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm,

-v_ d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg sf/jfxLsf] ;du|k|lqmofsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg], lbnfpg]Joj:yf ug'{ egL k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nosfgfddf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm,

-u_ cleof]u btf{ ePkl5 ;f]sf] k|ltlnlkkLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf pknAwu/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy} cbfntaf6km};nf ePadf]lhd kLl8tnfO{ pknAwu/fpg'kg]{ Ifltk"lt{sf]{ /sdaf/] kLl8tnfO{clgjfo{ ¿kdf hfgsf/L lbO{ pQm /sde/fpg cfjZos kxn ug'{ u/fpg' egLdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf]gfddf cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm,

-3_ ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf ;fIfLx¿nfO{x'g] ;hfo km/s km/s /x]sf] sfg"gLJoj:yfx¿ cWoog u/L ;a}nfO{ ;dfg¿ksf] Joj:yf x'g] u/L sfg"g lgdf{0fug'{ egL k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]sfof{nosf gfddf lgb]{zfTds cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm,

-ª_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/;DaGwL d'2fdf kLl8t ;fIfLsf nfluP]gsf] bkmf @^ adf]lhd ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yfcljnDa sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg 5'6[}lgb]{lzsf;d]t hf/L ug'{ egL lgb]{zgfTds

cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf]lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] <cfb]z hf/L x'g' gkg]{ sf/0f eP af6f]sf] Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egLljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fpg' eGg] o; cbfntsf]ldlt @)^*.!!.@ sf] cfb]z .

o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfL agfpg'kg]{ s'g}sf/0f 5}g . of] dGqfno dlxnf, afnaflnsfsf]xslxt / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] If]qdf cfkm\gf];|f]t / ;fwgn] EofP;Dd k|oTgzLn /lxcfPsf]5 . t;y{ o; dGqfnosf] xsdf k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] dlxnf, afnaflnsftyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ n] dfgj a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ ;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ /;f];DaGwL ck/fw sd ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 .t;y{ ;f] P]gsf] bkmf !%-^_ nfO{ P]g hf/L ug'{kgf{sf] sf/0f / P]gn] x6fpg vf]h]sf] v/faLtyf bkmf ( n] k|ltjfbLpk/ g} k|df0fsf] ef//xg] u/L u/]sf] ;du| Joj:yf;Fu t'ngf u/Lp2]Zod"ns ¿kdf JofVof ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ctMpQm bkmf !%-^_ sf] Joj:yfnfO{ dfq l6k]/To;sf] zflAbs JofVof ubf{ P]gsf] ;+/rgfutp2]Zodf g} k|lts"n c;/ kb{5 . ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !@, !#, !*, @)-!_ / -#_ åf/f k|bQ xsdf;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfn] s;/L cf3ft k'¥ofpg] xf],;f]sf] tYok/s / j:t'lgi7 cfwf/ lgj]bsn]v'nfPs} 5}g . sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ ;flwsf/ lgsfoJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljwflosL cf}lrTodfly k|Zgp7fO{ pQm sfg"gL k|fjwfg ab/ ug{ klg ldNb}g .

331331331331331


ctM k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]tk|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

;+ljwfgn] sf]/]sf] ;LdfnfO{ ljwflosfn]sfg"g lgdf{0f ubf{ gldr];Dd ljwflosL sfg"gn];+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0f k|fKt ub{5 . ;+ljwfgn] lgif]wgu/]sf] ljifodf ag]sf] sfg"g ;+ljwfgåf/f k|Tofe"tul/Psf] df}lns xssf] k|lts"n eof] egL cdfGo,ab/ / lgliqmo 3f]lift ubf{ dfgj a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] p2]Zo;fy{s x'g ;Qm}g . ;+ul7t ck/fwdf d'Vocleo'Qm, To;sf] lu/f]x jf dltof/sf] ;d]tcfkm\gf lj?4sf k|df0f gi6 ug]{ d'Vo e"ldsf x'g]ePsf]n] To:tf cfk/flws ;d"xsf] k|nf]eg, bjfj/ df]nflxhfaf6 kLl8tnfO{ d'Qm /fvL cg';Gwfg,cleof]hg / Goflos lg0f{odf ;3fp k'¥ofpg]p2]Zon] ;f] P]gsf] bkmf @^ n] kLl8t tyf;fIfLsf] ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . kLl8ttyf ;fIfLsf] ;'/Iff / uf]kgLotfnfO{ sb/ ub}{;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lgj]bs ;kgf k|wfgdNn lj?4 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]sfof{no;d]t ePsf] @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #%^!df ljz]if k|s[ltsf] d'2fdf kIfsf] uf]kgLotfsfod /fVg] lgb]{lzsf, @)^% g} hf/L u/]sf] 5 .;f] lgb]{lzsfsf] k"0f{ kfngf ub}{ o; sfof{no /dftxt sfof{no ;d]taf6 ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/Ld'2fsf] cleof]hg / k|lt/Iff x'Fb} cfPsf] klg5 . dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ h:tf]uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] d'2fdf cfkm"n] Psk6s lbPsf]aofgljk/Lt x'g] u/L d'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdfs'g} aofg lbPdf jf cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodfpkl:yt gePdf jf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]dflghnfO{ tLg dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b x'g]Joj:yf ;f] P]gsf] bkmf !%-^_ df 5 .

Joj:yflksfn] cfkm\gf] j'l4dQfdf o:tf] ck/fwsf]uDeL/tfnfO{ x]/L ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] xf] .;+ul7t ck/fwsf] lgoGq0fsf nflu k/Dk/futkmf}hbf/L sfg"geGbf km/s k|s[ltsf] / ljz]ifJoj:yf ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf af]w u/L ljoflwsfn]agfPsf] ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;dfgtfsf]xsljk/Lt dfGg ldNb}g . ;f] sfg"gL k|fjwfg;+ljwfg;Fu afl´Psf] eGg] :ki6 / af]wuDocfwf/ lgj]bsn] b]vfpg ;s]sf] klg kfOFb}g . of]sfof{no g]kfnsf] kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ug{ lqmofzLn /x]sf] lgsfo xf] . dfgj a]rlavgtyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf% df ph"/Lstf{n] rfx]df gfd uf]Ko /fVg] Joj:yf/x]sf] 5 . bkmf @^ adf]lhd ph"/Lstf{ jf kLl8t;fIfLsf] ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u k'uf];\ eg]/ g} bkmf %sf] Joj:yf ePsf] xf] . cfkm\gf] ph"/Lsf]sygljk/Lt k|ltjfbLsf] kIfdf aofg lbg] jfph"/L lbg] JolQmn] Goflos k|lqmofdf cbfntnfO{;xof]u gug]{ xf] eg] P]gsf] bkmf @^ sf] s'g} cy{klg /xFb}g . ctM bkmf !%-^_ nfO{ ;f] P]gsf];du| p2]Zo;Fu ufF;]/ x]l/g' cfjZos 5 . o;sf;fy} ;fIfLsf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL ljwo]s d:of}bftof/ eO{ ;+;bdf k]z x'g] k|lqmofdf k'u]sf] 5 .em"7f aSg] ;fIfLnfO{ ;hfo ug]{ Joj:yf c=a+=!^( g+= ;d]tdf 5 . ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf @* df klg o:t} Joj:yf 5 .oL ;a} Joj:yfx¿ cnucnu ;Gbe{df cfslif{tx'g] Joj:yf x'g\ . To;}n] Pp6f Joj:yf csf]{;Fuc;dfg 5 egL lnOPsf] lgj]bg bfjL cfwf/xLg5 . ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf!*-!_-^_ df ck/fwaf6 Iflt k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg'kg]{ eP cleof]ukqdf g} ;f]/sd ls6fg u/L dfubfjL lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .kLl8tn] cleof]ukqsf] gSsn k|fKt u/]kl5


332332332332332

Ifltk"lt{sf nflu lnPsf] bfjLsf] af/]df hfgsf/Lx'g] cj:yf /x]sf] g} 5 . To:t} d'2fsf] ;'g'jfOsf]ldlt Pj+ cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfsf] hgfpklg ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nonfO{pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ u/L ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLP]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !#-@_ n] Joj:yf u/]sf]5 . ctM k|rlnt sfg"gdf lgj]bsn] dfu u/]sf];a} Joj:yfx¿ /x]sf] g} x'Fbf dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ ug]{sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8tJolQmsf] ;+/If0f tyf k'g:yf{kg ug{ P]g ag]sf] /;f] P]gsf] Joj:yfn] o:tf] sfo{nfO{ uDeL/ k|s[ltsf]kmf}hbf/L s;"/ dfgL ;f]xLcg'¿ksf] ;hfo;DaGwLJoj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf]ck/fwdf kLl8t JolQmn] cfkm"n] lbPsf] hfx]/Ljf aofgsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L askq u/]df jfcbfntn] vf]h]sf] avt pkl:yt geO{ cfkm\gf]hfx]/L k'li6 ug{ ;xof]u gu/]df bkmf !%-^_ df;hfo ug]{ u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf /flvPsf] xf] . ;f]Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;Fu afl´Psf] gx'Fbf lgj]bgvf/]hefuL 5 eGg] sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ dfgj a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ / To;af6kLl8tsf] ;+/If0f / k'g:yf{kg ug]{ p2]Zon] nfu"ePsf] xf] . cleof]u bfjL;Fu k|ltjfbLsf] d'vgldnL d'2fdf 7x/ ug'{kg]{ s'/f / ;f] 7x/ug'{kg]{ s'/f;Fu ;Da4 s'/fsf] xsdf k|df0f a'‰gsf]nflu k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd cg';Gwg txsLsftPj+ d'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] qmddf tf]lsPsf] ;dodf

pkl:yt eO{ cfkm\gf] egfO{ /fvL Goflos k|lqmofdf;xof]u k'¥ofpg' ;DalGwt kLl8tsf] ;d]t st{Jo/xg] u/L ul/Psf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;+ljwfgåf/fk|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xsljk/Lt eGg} ldNb}g . o:tf]h3Go ck/fwsf] bf]ifLn] ;hfoaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg]u/L kLl8t JolQm :jod\n] k|lts"n askq ug{gkfcf];\ / ck/fwLnfO{ ;hfosf] efuLbf/ agfpg;lsof];\ eGg] p2]Zon] agfOPsf] P]gsf] bkmf!%-^_ sf] Joj:yf ab/efuL 5}g . ctM k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|x/L k|wfgsfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

Psk6s dfgj a ]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ h:tf] 3[l0ft ck/fwdf kLl8t eO{jf To:tf] ck/fwsf] ;"rgf kfO{ ph"/L lbPkl5Gofo;Dkfbg k|lqmofnfO{ x/t/xn] ;xof]u u/Ls;"/bf/nfO{ b08;hfosf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] s'/fdfcbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ cToGt cfjZos /:jfefljs ljifo xf] . o;n] kLl8t / ;"rgfstf{nfO{s'g} k|lts"n c;/ k'¥ofpFb}g . dfgjtf lj?4sf]h3Go ck/fwdf kLl8t jf hfx]/jfnfnfO{ ljleGgk|nf]egdf kf/]/ GofonfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;Sg];DefjgfnfO{ Go"g ug{ Psk6s lbPsf] aofgkm]g]{ / cbfntn] vf]h]sf] avt cg'kl:yt x'g]k|j[lQnfO{ cGTo ug{ cfjZos 5 . t;y{ bkmf!%-^_ sf] Joj:yf ;j{yf cfjZos / hfoh 5 .of] Joj:yf gubf{ bf]ifLn] 5'6\sf/f kfO{ kLl8t;b}j ddf{xt x'g] ;Defjgf /xg] ePsf]n]ljwflosfn] cfkm\gf] ljj]s k|of]u u/L agfPsf]of] sfg"gL Joj:yf ab/ x'g'kg]{ xf]Og eGg]Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L lg0f{ofy{k]z ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf tkm{af6jl/i7 clwjQmf ;kgf k|wfg dNnn] dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf] ck/fwdf k|foM

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kLl8t JolQm dlxnf g} x'G5g\ . of] ;+ul7tck/fw ePsf]n] s;"/bf/n] kLl8tnfO{ cg]s8/qf; / k|nf]egdf kf/L cbfntdf askq ug{cfpg glbg] 7"nf] ;Defjgf /xG5 . ul/aLaf6kLl8t / zlQmsf] kx'Fraflx/ /x]sf] dlxnfnfO{ g};+ul7t ck/fwLn] a]Rg] ub{5g\ . To;}n] o:tf]ck/fwdf kLl8tnfO{ /fHon] ljz]if ;+/If0f ug'{cfjZos 5 . t/ dfgj a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !%-^_ df cbfntdf k|lts"n askq ug]{ jf cbfntn]af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt gx'g] jf Goflosk|lqmofdf ;xof]u gug]{ kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{Psjif{;Dd s}b x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf]Joj:yfaf6 kLl8tx¿ bf]xf]/f] df/df kb{5g\ .o; P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2f klg ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwLP]g, @)$( sf] cg';"rL ! cGtu{t kb{5 . ;f]P]gsf] bkmf @*-@_ df em"7f askq ug]{ ujfxnfO{a9Ldf # dlxgf;Dd s}b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .t/ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0fP]gdf k|lts"n askq ug]{ kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ !jif{;Dd s}b x'g] clgjfo{ Joj:yf ul/Paf6;fIfLnfO{ x'g] ;hfodf g} lje]bsf] cj:yf l;h{gfePsf] 5 . hf] ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ ;dfgtfsf]xsljk/Lt 5 . kLl8tn] k|lts"n askq ug'{kg]{sf/0fsf] af/]df ;Daf]wg gu/L kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{dfq em"7f askq u/]sf] eGg] cfwf/df clgjfo{¿kdf s}bsf] ;hfo ug]{ pQm Joj:yf ab/efuL5 . o:tf] h3Go ck/fwaf6 kLl8t dlxnf;fIfL;/x x'g] x'Fbf ;fIfL ;+/If0fsf] nflu /fHon];a} k"jf{wf/x¿ v8f gu/];Dd k|lts"n askqu/]sf] jf cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:ytgePsf] cfwf/af6 ! jif{;Dd s}b ug]{ sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] cf}lrTo b]lvFb}g . o;sf ;fy} o:tfd'2fsf] cg';Gwfg sf/jfxL, cleof]hg tyf Gofo

lg¿k0f k|lqmofdf kLl8tnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fOFb}g .ctM lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd bkmf !%-^_ sf] Joj:yfab/ u/L kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg,cleof]hg, Gofo lg¿k0f / km};nf sfof{Gjogsf];a} r/0fx¿df hfgsf/L u/fO{ kLl8td}qL agfpg'egL ;DalGwt lgsfox¿nfO{ cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg];d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL ;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf] tkm{af6ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ls/0f kf}8]nn] dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ uDeL/ k|s[ltsf]kmf}hbf/L s;"/ ePsf]n] To;sf] lgoGq0f tyfo; sfo{df ;+nUg ck/fwLnfO{ ;hfo lbnfpgklg kLl8t JolQmn] cfkm\gf] egfO{ km]g{ gkfcf];\eGg] p2]Zon] P]gsf] bkmf !%-^_ df ;hfo;DaGwLJoj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . P]gsf] bkmf @^ df o:tfd'2fsf kLl8t / hfx]/jfnf ;fIfLsf] ;+/If0f;DaGwdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf] d'2fdfkLl8t jf hfx]/jfnfn] hfx]/L lbPkl5 x'g]sf/jfxLsf] af/]df lghnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg s'g}sfg"gL afwf 5}g . kLl8tn] rfx]df h'g;'s} avtd'2fsf] cg';Gwfg, cleof]hg / Goflos sf/jfxLsf]af/]df hfgsf/L dfu ug{ ;Qm5 . ;DalGwtlgsfon] klg hfgsf/L lbg ldNg] g} b]lvG5 .t;y{ lgj]bsn] eg] h:tf] P]gsf] bkmf !%-^_ sf]Joj:yfnfO{ ;dfgtfsf] xsljk/Lt dfGg ;lsFb}g . dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/ h:tf] uDeL/d'2fdf kLl8t JolQmn] Gofo lg¿k0fdf dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf v]Ng ;sf];\ / s;"/bf/sf] bjfj jfk|efjdf k/L cfkm"n] klxn] eg]sf] s'/f v08ggu/f];\, ;To tYo s'/f cbfnt;dIf k|:t'tu/L s;"/bf/nfO{ ;hfo lbnfpg ;lsof];\ egLbkmf !%-^_ df k|lts"n aofg u/]df jf cbfntn]af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt gePdf jf cbfntnfO{;xof]u gu/]df ;hfo ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf


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;f] Joj:yfnfO{ cg'lrt dfGg ;lsFb}g . t;y{l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ax; k|:t'tug'{eof] .

pko'{Qm ax; ;'gL ldl;n cWoog u/Llg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't ljjfbdf lgDgk|Zgx¿sf] lg¿k0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvof]M

-s_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$sf] bkmf !% sf]pkbkmf -^_sf ] sfg "gL Joj:yf;+ljwfg;Ddt\ 5 jf 5}g < /,

-v_ lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g'kg]{ xf] jf xf]Og <

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ dfgj a]rlavgtyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf!% sf] pkbkmf -^_ df /x]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@åf/f k|bQ :jtGqtfsf] xs, wf/f !# åf/f k|bQ;dfgtfsf] xs, wf/f !* sf] pkwf/f -@_cGtu{tsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs, wf/f @) sf]pkwf/f -!_ / -#_ cGtu{tsf] dlxnfsf] xs;d]tsf] lj?4 ePsf] eGb} pQm bkmf !% sf]pkbkmf -^_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf ab/ ul/kfpFmeGg] k|d'v dfu lnO{ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg btf{ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsx¿n] ;+ljwfgljk/Lteof] egL bfjL u/]sf] dfgj a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !%-^_ sf] pkbkmf ;f] P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/df kfpFm;hfo lgwf{/0f ug]{ kl/R5]b $ cGtu{tsf] bkmf!% sf] clGtd pkbkmfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .;f] pkbkmf -^_ eGbfcufl8 pkbkmf -!_ b]lv-%_ ;Dd P]gsf] bkmf # / $ cGtu{tsf ljleGgs;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] af/]df pNn]v

ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pkbkmf -^_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfx]bf{ ;f] pkbkmfdf bkmf % adf]lhd ph"/ ug]{JolQmn] cfkm"n] Psk6s lbPsf] aofgljk/Ltx'g] u/L d'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} aofglbPdf jf cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:ytgePdf jf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]df lghnfO{tLg dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 eGg]Joj:yf b]lvG5 . o;/L pkbkmf -^_ sf] Joj:yfP]gsf] bkmf %sf] Joj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sfb]lvFbf ;f] bkmf % klg oxfF pNn]vgLo x'gcfPsf] 5 . pQm bkmf % df ph"/ ug] {zLif{scGtu{t pkbkmf -!_ df bkmf # adf]lhdsf]s;"/ u/]sf] ul//x]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] yfxf kfpg]h'g;'s} JolQmn] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf ph"/ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] / pkbkmf -@_ dfpkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ph"/ ug]{ JolQmn] cfkm\gf]gfd uf]Ko /flvlbg lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df ph"/btf{ ug]{ k|x/L sfof{non] lghsf] gfd uf]Ko/fVg'kg]{5 eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; k|sf/lgj]bsx¿n] cdfGo / ab/ ug{ dfu u/]sf] bkmf!% sf] pkbkmf -^_ sf] Joj:yf dfgj a]rlavgtyf cf];f/k;f/sf] s;"/ dflgg] s'g} sfdsf/jfxLjf 36gfsf] lj?4 bkmf % adf]lhd ph"/ ug]{JolQmn] klxn] cfkm"n] ph"/L u/L s'g} aofglbPsf] ePdf To;/L klxn] lbPsf] aofgsf] k|lts"nx'g] u/L d'2f k'k{Ifsf] qmddf kl5af6 aofglbPdf jf cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:ytgePdf jf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]df To:tf]ph"/ ug]{ / kl5 k|lts"n aofg lbg] jf Goflosk|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u gug]{ ;fIfLnfO{ ;hfo ug]{p2]Zon] /flvPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . k|:t't sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/sf]cfk/flws sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQm :jod\ jf ;f]sfo{ ePsf] jf x'g nfu]sf] jf x'g uO/x]sf] s'/f

335335335335335


yfxf kfpg] hf];'s} JolQmn] klg ph"/L ug{ ;Sg]/ To;/L ph"/L ug]{ kLl8t jf cGo JolQmn] d'2fk'k{Ifsf] qmddf cleof]hg kIfsf] ;fIfL ;/xpkl:yt eO{ cfkm"n] lbPsf] ph"/L jf bkmf ^adf]lhd klxn] lbPsf] aofgnfO{ ;dy{g x'g] u/Laofg -askq_ lbg'kg]{ tyf cbfntn] vf]h]sf];dodf pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ jf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]uug'{kg]{, ;f] gu/]df lghnfO{ tLg dlxgfb]lv Psjif{;Dd s}b x'g] b]lvof] . #= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ cGtu{tsf] s;"/df s'g}JolQmpk/ cleof]u nfu]sf]df ;f] s;"/ cfkm"n]u/]sf] 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f lghn] g} k'¥ofpg'kg]{clgjfo{ Joj:yf bkmf ( df ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .o;af6 o; P]gcGtu{tsf] s;"/nfO{ uDeL/k|s[ltsf] ck/fw dfgL k|df0fsf] ef/ g} cf/f]lktJolQmpk/ /flvPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] uDeL/k|s[ltsf] s;"/af6 cfkm" kLl8t ePF egL s'g}JolQmsf lj?4 ph"/L ug]{ kLl8t JolQm jf hfx]/Llbg] s'g} klg hfx]/jfnfn] cfkm"n] lbPsf] klxn]sf]aofg jf hfx]/L b/vf:tnfO{ k'li6 ug'{kg]{, ;f]sf]nflu cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt x'g'kg]{/ cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ u/L bkmf !% sf]pkbkmf -^_ n] sfg"gL bfloTj lgwf{/0f u/]sf]b]lvG5 .

$= cfkm"nfO{ s;}n] a]rlavg jfcf];f/k;f/ u¥of] egL s'g} JolQmpk/ kf]nph"/u/L k|x/L;dIf bkmf ^ adf]lhd lbPsf] aofgcbfntaf6 k|dfl0ft eO;s]kl5 ;f] aofgsf]k|lts"n csf]{ aofg -askq_ ug]{ jf To:tf]s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf hfx]/L jf ;"rgf lbg] kLl8tjf hfx]/jfnfn] cfkm"n] lbPsf] aofg jf hfx]/LJoxf]/f km]b}{ lxF8\g] / cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodfcg'kl:yt eO{ Gofo lg¿k0fsf] k|lqmofdf

c;xof]u ug]{ u/]df To;af6 Gofo lg¿k0fdfuDeL/ ;d:of cfpg] s'/fdf s'g} låljwf 5}g .dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ h:tf] uDeL/k|s[ltsf] kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] af/]df hfx]/L lbg]kLl8t jf cGo JolQmn] cfkm"n] Psk6s lbPsf]aofg km]b}{ lx+8\g] jf cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodfpkl:yt geO{ cbfntnfO{ c;xof]u ug]{ xf] eg]Psflt/ To:tf] ck/fwsf] s;"/bf/nfO{ ;hfoug]{ /fHosf] p2]Zo g} k/fhLt x'g hfg] / csf]{tkm{ljgfsf/0f o:tf] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] s;"/ u¥of]egL s;}sf lj?4 hyfefjL ph"/ ub}{ lx+8\g], t/To;sf] ljj]s;Ddt\ lg¿k0f ug]{ Goflosk|lqmofaf6 efUg] k|j[lQ klg k}bf x'g hfG5 .To;}n] cfkm\gf] aofg km]b}{ lx+8\g] / Gofo lg¿k0fdfc;xof ]u ug] { k |j [ lQnfO { lgoGq0f u/Lj:t'lgi7¿kdf Gofo lg¿k0f ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]uk'uf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$sf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -^_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{o; cbfntn] ;Lw} c;+j}wflgs dfgL cdfGo /ab/ 3f]lift ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPg .

%= tyflk pko'{Qm bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf-^_ sf] Joj:yf P]gsf] cGo bkmfx¿;Fu lg/k]If/xL PSn} :jtM sfof{Gjog x'g] k|s[ltsf] Joj:yfrflxF b]lvFb}g . P]gsf] bkmf @^ df ePsf]Joj:yfcg';f/ bkmf % adf]lhd ph"/ ug]{ JolQmn]cfkm"n] k|x/Ldf ph"/ u/]sf] sf/0f jf c8\8fcbfntdf aofg jf ;fIfLsf] ¿kdf u/]sf]askqsf] cfwf/df s'g} k|ltzf]wfTds sf/jfxLdfkg{ ;Sg] dgfl;j sf/0f b]vfO{ ;'/Iffsf] nfluglhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf cg'/f]w u/]df To:tf]k|x/L sfof{non] lghnfO{ d'2fsf] sf/jfxLsf]l;nl;nfdf c8\8f cbfntdf cfpFbf hfFbf ;'/Ifflbg], lglZrt cjlw;Dd k|x/L ;'/Iffdf /fVg] jf


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/fVg nufpg]nufot Joj:yfx¿ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;f] Joj:yf ;d]tsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{dfpQm bkmf !%-^_ nfO{ Ps};fy /fv]/ x]g'{ cfjZosx'G5 .

^= dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/h:tf] ck/fw s'g} Ps JolQmaf6 dfq x'g;Dej x'Fb}g . o;df PseGbf a9L JolQmx¿sf];fd"lxs ;Da4tf jf ;+u7gfTds of]ubfg /xg]s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . To;}n] o:tf] ck/fwdf;+nUg JolQmsf lj?4 kLl8t :jod\ jf cGohf];'s}n] hfx]/L lbPdf klg To:tf ;a} cf/f]lktJolQmx¿ Ps} ;dodf jf Ps}k6s k|x/Lsf]lgoGq0fdf cfpg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . ck/fwaf6k|fKt x'g] nfesf lx:;]bf/ PseGbf a9L JolQmaGg] x'Fbf o:tf] ck/fwdf s'g} JolQmsf lj?4hfx]/L k/]kl5 To:tf] JolQm kqmfp g} k/]sf] ePtfklg kLl8t jf hfx]/jfnfnfO{ Gofosf] kx'Fraf6afx]s ug]{, 8/, wfswDsL jf k|nf]eg b]vfO{Gofo lg¿k0fnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ vfnsf k|of;x¿gx'g] eGg] 5}g . To;}n] o:tf] ck/fwsf] af/]df;"rgf lbg] kLl8t JolQm jf hfx]/jfnfn] klxn]lbPsf] hfx]/L jf aofgnfO{ v08g ug]{ u/Lk|lts"n askq ug{ afWo kfg]{ ;Defjgf /xG5g} . oL ;du| kl/l:yltx¿sf] sf/0fn] o:tf]ck/fwsf] kLl8tnfO{ Gofodf kx'Fr glbg],cleo'QmnfO{ ePsf] sf/jfxLsf] af/]df ;';"lrtg/fVg], lghsf] ;fIonfO{ k|efljt gx'g] u/L;'/Iff / ;dy{gsf] cfjZos Joj:yf gug]{k|j[lQ /lx/xg] xf] eg] o:tf] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf]d'2fdf klg cfkm}+nfO{ gf]S;fgL x'g] u/L Goflosk|lqmofdf cg'kl:yt /xg'kg]{ afWotf Psflt//xG5 eg] csf]{lt/ P]gsf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf-^_ dfqsf] oflGqs k|of]u ubf{ h:tf];'s} dgfl;jsf/0f ePsf] jf h:tf];'s} cj/f]wsf] sf/0fn]

Goflos k|lqmofdf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug{c;dy{ ePsf] jf tf]lsPsf] lbg cbfntdfpkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg kLl8t jfhfx]/jfnfnfO{ lghsf] ;f] cg'kl:ylt jfc;dy{tfnfO{ ck/fwLs/0f u/L clgjfo{ ¿kdfb08efuL agfpg} kg]{ u/L Gofostf{nfO{ jfWotf/x]sf] b]lvof] . of] Joj:yfn] cbfnt jfGofostf{n] rfx]/ klg kLl8t jf hfx]/jfnfn]klxn] Psk6s lbPsf] aofgsf] k|lts"n x'g]u/L kl5 aofg lbPsf] jf cbfntdf pkl:ytx'g g;s]sf] s'/fsf] Gofof]lrt\ sf/0fsf] ;dLIffug{ g} gkfpg] eO{ TolQs} sf/0faf6 hfx]/jfnfjf kLl8tnfO{ bl08t ug'{kg]{ kl/l:ylt l;h{gful/lbPsf] 5 . h:tf];'s} j}w sf/0f k/L jfsfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L aofg km]/]sf] jfcbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt x'gg;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg kLl8t jf hfx]/jfnfnfO{clgjfo{ ¿kdf s}b ;hfo ug}{ kg]{ Joj:yfn]dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ h:tf] uDeL/k|s[ltsf] ck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ c´a9L kLl8t agfO{ yk lx+;fsf] lzsf/ aGg'kg]{ /Gofoaf6 al~rt x'g] cj:yf cfpF5 . kmn:j¿kcfkm}+ lj?4 ePsf] uDeL/ ck/fwsf] af/]dfkLl8tn] ;"rgf g} gug]{ jf ug{ g;Sg] kl/l:yltl;h{gf x'G5 .

&= s'g} klg sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] j}wtfnfO{To;sf] p2]Zo;Fu ufF;]/ x]g'{ cfjZos x'G5 .lsgeg] sfg"gsf] j}wtf hlxn] klg To;n]k|j4{g ug{ vf]h]sf] j}w nIo / ;f] nIo k|fKtug]{ ;fdYo{df e/ kb{5 . cGoyf h'g¿kdf jfh:tf];'s} p2]Zon] ag]sf] sfg"gnfO{ klg plrt/ j}w dfGg'kg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 . ljjflbt bkmf!% sf] pkbkmf -^_ sf] p2]Zo klg dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf] ck/fwaf6

337337337337337


kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfO{ To:tf] ck/fwdf ;+nUgJolQmnfO{ ;hfosf] efuLbf/ agfO{ ;dfhdfzflGt / cdgrog sfod ug]{ g} xf] . To;}p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu g} o:tf] ck/fwaf6 kLl8tJolQm jf hfx]/jfnfn] ck/fwsf] af/]df cfkm"n]Psk6s lbPsf] hfx]/L jf aofgnfO{ km]b} {ck/fwLnfO{ pGd'lQm lbg] cj:yf gcfcf];\ /;f] ck/fwsf] af/]df cbfntn] j:t'lgi6 tj/n]Gofo lg¿k0f ug{ ;sf];\ eGg] nIo lnPsf]b]lvG5 . tyflk ;f] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -^_sf] sfof{Gjogn] kLl8t JolQm j}w sf/0fn]cbfntn] tf]s]sf] ;dodf pkl:yt x'g g;s]dfjf klxn] lbPsf] aofg eGbf k|lts"n x'g] u/LjfWofTds kl/l:yltjz askq u/]sf] cj:yfdf;d]t bl08t eO{ yk kLl8t aGg'kg]{ kl/l:yltl;h{gf ul/lbPsf] 5 . cbfntn] kLl8tsf]k | lts "n ;fIo -Hosti le Witness_ jfcg'kl:yltsf] ljifodf Goflos ljj]s k|of]uug{ ;Sg] s'/fsf] cj/f]wsf] ¿kdf ;f] sfg"gLk|fjwfg v8f ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] sfg"gLJoj:yfnfO{ ljj]s;Ddt\ / plrt dfGg ;lsg]cj:yf 5}g . *= lgj]bsx¿n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfdfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g,@)^$ sf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -^_ sf] j}wtfsf]ljifodf d"n¿kdf k|Zg p7fPsf] eP tfklg ;f]Joj:yf;Fu cGt/;DalGwt s]xL dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf;d]t o; l/6 lgj]bgdf plrt cfb]zsf] dfuu/]sf] b]lvG5 . d"ntM bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -^_sf] sfof{Gjog;Fu cGof]Gofl>t ¿kdf ;DalGwteP/ /x]sf ljifox¿ M h:t}– dfgj a]rlavgtyf cf];f/k;f/ d'2fsf] kLl8tnfO{ ;f] d'2fsf];'g'jfOsf] ldlt / km};nfsf] hfgsf/L x'g'kg]{,d'2fsf] cg';Gwfgsf] k|lqmofsf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{,

cleof]ukqsf] k|ltlnlk lbOg'kg]{, cbfntsf]km};nf adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{sf af/]df hfgsf/LlbO{ ;f] Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg'kg]{df ;f] x'g] gu/]sf]x'Fbf cfjZos cfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t dfu u/]sf] b]lvG5 . dfgj a]rlavg tyfcf];f/k;f/sf] ck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ cfkm"lj?4 ePsf] ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ s] s:tf]dfubfjL lnO{ cleof]ukq k]z ePsf] 5 /cbfntaf6 ;f] af/]df s] s;/L sf/jfxL eO{Goflos lg0f{o sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] 5 egL ;';"rLtx'g] clwsf/ :jfefljs¿kdf /xG5 . kmf}hbf/LGofo k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ ck/fwLnfO{ ;hfo /kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg] st{Jo ePsf] /fHon]ck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ o:tf] ljifodfhfgsf/L jf ;"rgf pknJw u/fpg' clgjfo{ g}x'G5 . ;fy} kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ e{/fpg], cleof]hgkIfsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;fIfLsf] ¿kdf /xg] kLl8tJolQmnfO{ cbfntn] vf]h]sf avt ljgf cj/f]wcbfnt;Dd pkl:yt eO{ :jtGq ¿kdf cfkm\gf]egfO{ /fVg] jftfj/0f klg /fHoaf6 l;h{gfx'g'kb{5 . o:tf JolQmx¿ ;fIfL ;/x cbfntdfpkl:yt x'Fbf nfUg] vr{ ;d]t /fHosf] tkm{af6e/fO{ lbg] u/L ;/sf/jfbL d'2f ;DaGwL lgodfjnL,@)%% sf] lgod !% sf] pklgod -#_ df Joj:yfePsf]df ;f] Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf gNofOPsf]n]sfof{Gjog ug'{ eGg] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg];d]tsf] dfu u/L lgj]bs dlxnf, sfg"g tyfljsf; d~rsf] tkm{af6 dL/f 9'ª\ufgf lj?4k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]tePsf] @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g+= ))$# sf] l/6lgj]bgdf o; cbfntaf6 @)^^.&.!* df pQmlgod !% sf] pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] vr{e/fpg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf;d]t ug'{egL cfb]z eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . tyflk ;f] sfg"gL


338338338338338

Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf ljkIfL g]kfn;/sf/sf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿af6 kof{Kt WofglbO{ plrt sbd rfn]sf] eGg] gx'Fbf ;/sf/LkIfsf ;fIfLsf] cbfnt ;dIfsf] pkl:yltk|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf] oyfy{ /x]sf] 5 . o;sfcltl/Qm dfga a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf]ck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf !&adf]lhd e/fO{ lbg] 7x/ ePsf] Ifltk"lt{ /sde/fpg] k|lqmofdf /fHosf] ;+oGqaf6 ;xof]u /kxn gx'g] xf] eg] o:tf ck/fwaf6 kLl8tn]Gofosf] dx;'; ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xFb}g . To:t}P]gsf] bkmf @^ adf]lhd kLl8tnfO{ kof{Kt ;'/Iffk|bfg ul/g' klg plQs} cfjZos 5 . oL ;du|Joj:yfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogaf6 dfq} dfgja]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf] ck/fwaf6 kLl8tJolQmn] P]gsf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdcbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt eO{ Goflosk|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;dy{ x'G5 . To;}sf/0flgj]bsn] j}wtfsf] k|Zg p7fPsf] pQm bkmf !% sf]pkbkmf -^_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ s]jn kLl8tJolQm jf hfx]/jfnfsf] PskIfLo st{Josf] ¿kdfy'kf/L To;sf] pNnª\3g afkt lg/k]If s}bsf];hfo ug'{kg]{ u/L jfWofTds Joj:yf ug]{ pQmk|fjwfgnfO{ plrt / ljj]s;Ddt\ dfGg ;lsFb}g .

(= cl3 cfkm"n] lbPsf] aofg jf;"rgfsf] cfwf/df s;}sf lj?4 sf/jfxLrnfOPsf]df ;To tYo 9fF6L lgotjz csf]{aofg lbPdf jf klxn]sf] aofg kl/jt{g u/]dfjf ;f] ug]{ lgotn] cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodfcg'kl:yt eO{ Goflos k|lqmofnfO{ c;xof]uu/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ dfq} s]lGb|t u/L b08sf]k|fjwfg x'g'kg]{df ;f] geO{ h:tf];'s} kl/l:yltjf sf/0f k/L klxn] lbPsf] aofgsf] ljk/Ltx'g] u/L kl5 aofg lbPdf jf cbfntn] af]nfPsf]

;dodf pkl:yt x'g g;s]df ;d]t clgjfo{b08sf] efuLbf/ agfpg] plNnlvt sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] cfjZos k'g/fnf]sg / ;'wf/ x'g'clgjfo{ b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{, dfgj a]rlavgtyf cf];f/k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf]bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -^_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yftyf lgj]bsn] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fPsfcGo ljifox¿ ;d]tnfO{ ;Daf]wg x'g] u/Lb]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ u/fpg' egL ljkIfL g]kfn;/sf/, k |wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb \sf ]sfof{no;d]tsf gfpFdf of] lgb]{zgfTds cfb]zhf/L ul/Psf] 5M–

-!_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf ];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !% sf]pkbkmf -^_ sf] jt{dfg sfg"gL Joj:yfdfcfjZos k'g/fnf]sg / ;+zf]wg u/L klxn]cfkm"n] lbPsf] aofg jf ;"rgfsf cfwf/dfs;}sf lj?4 sf/jfxL r n f P k l 5;To tYo 9fF6L jf lgotjz kl5af6aofg kl/j{tg ug]{ jf To:tf] lgotn]cbfntn] af]nfPsf] ;dodf cg'kl:ytx'g] jf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u gug]{ JolQmnfO{s}b ;hfo ug]{ u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ug"{ .

-@_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/;DaGwLck/fwaf6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ ;f] ck/fw;DaGwL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfgsf] af/]df ;DalGwtk|x/L sfof{non] / cleof]hgsf] af/]dfcleof]ukqsf] k|ltlnlk tyf cbfntaf6ePsf] lg0f{osf] af/]df km};nfsf] k|ltlnlk;d]t /fvL ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLnsfof{non] clgjfo{ ¿kdf kLl8tnfO{hfgsf/L u/fpg] Joj:yf ug"{, u/fpg" .

339339339339339

-#_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf ];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !& adf]lhdcbftntsf] km};nfaf6 kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{e/fO{ lbg] 7x/ ePsf] /sdsf] nflucljnDa 5'6[} Ifltk"lt{ sf]if v8f u/L ;f]sf]ifsf] nflu cfjZos /sd ;d]tcf=j=@)&)/)&! sf] ah]6df clgjfo{¿kdf ljlgof]hg ug"{, ;fy} ;DalGwtk|x/L sfof{non] ;d]t ;lqmo kxn u/LkLl8tnfO{ ;f] Ifltk"lt{ /sd e/fO{ lbg]Joj:yf ug"{, u/fpg" .

-$_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf ];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ cGtu{tsf] d'2ftyf cGo ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf;/sf/L kIfsf] ;fIfLnfO{ cbfntdfpkl:yt u/fpFbf nfUg] vr{afkt cufdLcfly{s jif{ @)&)/)&! sf] ah]6dfclgjfo{ ¿kdf /sd ljlgof]hg u/L To:tf;fIfLnfO{ ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nodfkm{t\;f] /sd pknAw u/fpg" .

-%_ ;/sf/L kIfsf] ;fIfLn] k|fKt ug]{ vr{/sd lgh cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g'cufj}lghnfO{ e'QmfgL lbO{ ;f]sf] e/kfO{;lxt;DalGwt d'2f ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cbfntdfTo:tf] ;fIfLnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg] Joj:yfug"{, u/fpg" .

-^_ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf ];f/k;f/-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf @^ adf]lhdkLl8t jf ph"/ ug]{ JolQmn] dfu u/]sf]cj:yfdf ;'/Iffsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yfu/L ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{no dfkm{t\ To:tf]JolQmsf] ;'/Iff ug"{, u/fpg" .

!)= k|:t't cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflucfb]zsf] k|ltlnlk;d]t ;fy} /fvL ljkIfLk|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no / sfg"gtyf Gofo dGqfnonfO{ o; cbfntaf6} / cGoljkIfLx¿nfO{ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\t'?Gt n]vL k7fO{ o; cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjogdxflgb]{zgfnoaf6 k|:t't cfb]z sfof{Gjogsf]af/]df cg'udg ug"{ . bfo/Lsf] nut s6[f u/Llgodfg';f/ ldl;n a'́ fO{ lbg" .

pko'{Qm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=lu/Lz rGb| nfnGof=1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)&) ;fn j}zfv !( ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM ljb'/ sf]O/fnf

lg0f{o g+=*(&# lg0f{o g+=*(&# lg0f{o g+=*(&# lg0f{o g+=*(&# lg0f{o g+=*(&#

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{l/=k'=O{=g+=)^& –WF–))@%cfb]z ldltM @)^(.&.@#.%

ljifoM pTk|]if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bsM alb{of lhNnf, ;fgf]>L uf=lj=;= j8fg+= ( 3/ eO{ cfgGb k|fylds ljBfno

&&&&&

*(&# –*(&# –*(&# –*(&# –*(&# –6f]axfb'/ e"iffn lj=lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno ;d]t


340340340340340

/ftdf6] /fdgu/, ;fgf]>L alb{ofdfk|f=lj= txsf] lzIfs kbdf sfo{/t\6f]kaxfb'/ e';fn

la?4ljkIfLM lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno ;d]t

§ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf k"/f u/L lnOPsftfnLdafktsf] cÍ lbOg]5 eGg] g}pQm lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfaf6 :ki6cy{ af]w e}/x]sf] kfOG5 . Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]Uotf k"/f u/L eGg] lgodsf] klxnf]jfSof+zdf pNn]v ePsf] kbfjnLaf6};f] s'/f yk k|i6 x'g] x'Fbf o;df låljwfx'g'kg]{ jf JofVofsf] s'g} u'~hfo; 5}g .hxf F sfg"gL Joj:yf c:ki6 jflåljwfk"0f{ x'G5 To:tf] cj:yfdf dfqAofVofsf] cf}lrTo /xG5 . t/, sfg"g:jod\df :ki6 / af]wuDo 5 eg]ank"j{s AofVof ug'{ sfg"g JofVofsf]lgodcg'¿k x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ lzIfs kbdf /xL ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{

k|s[ltaf6} ;DalGwt ljifosf] Go"gtd\z}lIfs of]Uotf cfjZos kg]{ .

§ lzIf0f k ]zfn] lglZrt\ k |sf/sf ]tfnLdsf] ;d]t dfu ub{5 . To;}n];]jf k|j]z u/]sf] lzIfssf] lzIf0fl;sfO ;Lksf] ljsf; u/L Ifdtfclea[l4 ug{sf] nflu tfnLd klgplQs} ckl/xfo{ x'g hfG5 . o;af6Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n u/L;]jf k|j]z u/]sf] lzIfsn] lnPsf]tfnLdafktsf] cÍ k|bfg ug{ ]u/L

lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yf cf}lrTosfb[li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t cGoyf gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ Goflos AofVofaf6 gLlt kl/dfh{g ug{

gldNg] x'Fbf To:tf] l:yltsf] dx;"; x'guPdf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿n] cfk\mgf]gLltdf kl/jt{t u/L cAojxfl/ssfg"gx¿df ;'wf/ ub}{ hfg' >]o:s/ x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=*_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf 8f=eLdfh'{gcfrfo{

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]bkf]v/]n

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]

lgod #-!_-v_

cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M tTsfnLg g]kfn

clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] wf/f @# / **-@_ adf]lhd o; cbfntdf btf{ eO{ ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 ?lnË aflemPsf] egL ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-v_ adf]lhdPs¿ktfsf] nflu k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k7fpg]cfb]z ePcg';f/ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/ /x]sf]5 M—

d lgj]bs xfn cfgGb k|f=lj= /ftdf6],/fdgu/, ;fgf]>L alb{ofdf k|wfgfWofks k|f=lz=t[tLo txsf] lzIfs kbdf sfo{/t 5' . ldlt@)#*.&.!^ df k|f=lz= t[tLodf ;]jf k|j]zu/L ldlt @)$*.*.!) df :yfoL ePsf] x'F .

341341341341341


k|f=lz= låtLo txdf a9'jfsf nflu z}lIfs;q @)%&, @)%*, @)%( sf] sfo{;Dkfbgd"NofÍg kmf/fd, kf7\oqmd kf7\ok':ts tyflg/LIf0f ljsf; s]Gb|åf/f @)$@ ;fndf;~rflnt !) dlxg] /]l8of] lzIff lzIfstfnLd / dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ pQ/ k|b]zåf/f@)$% (1988-june-19) df k|j]lzsf k/LIff pQL0f{u/]sf] k|df0fx¿ /fvL tfnLdsf] k|ltlnkL;d]t;+nUg u/L lhNnf lzIff sfof{no alb{ofdfk]z u/]sf] lyPF .

lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u If]qLo ;ldltdWoklZrdf~rnaf6 ldlt @)^@.#.!$ df alb{oflhNnf cGtu{tsf ^$ hgf k|f=lz=t[tLo txsflzIfsnfO{ sfo{Ifdtf d"NofÍgsf cfwf/dfk|f=lz=låtLo txdf a9'jf l;kmfl/z ug]{ lg0f{ou/]sf]n] ;f] lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'emL lbPsf] ph"/LdflzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ;fgf]l7dLaf6 s'g} ;+zf]wggu/L ldlt @)^@.!!.% df ;+zf]lwt gfdfjnLk|sfzg ul/of] .

lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u lgodfjnL, @)%&sf] lgod @*-@_ cg';f/ h]i7tfafkt kfpg] #)cÍ k"/f kfpg'kg]{, z}lIfs of]Uotf Go"gtd\P;=Pn=;L= afkt * cÍ, sf=;=d"=afkt kfpg'kg]{ $) cÍ ;d]t ubf{ d]/f] cÍ a9L x'g]dfGo"gtd\ cÍ k|fKt ug]{ /ljGb|axfb'/ lj=;L= sf]gfd k|sflzt 5 . To:t} tfnLd g} k|fKt gu/]sfl;=g+= ̂ ) sf a'emfjg 7fs'/;d]tsf] gfd k|sflzt5 . lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u lgodfjnL, @)%& sf]lgod @* df Joj:yf ePadf]lhd gf]s/Lsf]h]i7tfafkt #) cÍ, z}lIfs of]Uotfafkt !%cÍ, tfnLdafkt !% cÍ, sfo{;Dkfbgd"NofÍgafkt $) cÍ u/L a9Ldf !)) cÍkfpg] x'Fbf kf/bzL{ ¿kdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍggul/Psf] / tfnLdsf] cÍ d"NofÍg ul/Psf]

5}g . t;y{ lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u If]qLo ;ldltdWodf~rn ;'v]{tsf] ldlt @)^@.#.!$ / lzIfs;]jf cfof]u ;fgf]l7dL eQmk'/sf] ldlt @)^@.!!.@sf] ;+zf]lwt a9'jf lg0f{o ;d]tsf pk/f]Qmsfdsf/jfxLx¿ pTk|]If0fsf cfb]zn] ab/ u/Llgj]bsnfO{ a9'jf ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]lgj]bssf] lgj]bg kq .

lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsghf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] < hf/L ug'{gkg]{ eP af6fsf]Dofb afx]s !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{egL ljkIfLsf gfddf ;"rgf Dofb k7fO{lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t a]xf]/fsf] o;cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]z .

lzIff P]g, @)@*, lzIff lgodfjnL,@)%( / lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u lgodfjnL, @)%&adf]lhd lzIfs ;]jf cfof ]uaf6 ePsf]sfdsf/jfxLdf o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfL agfpg'kg]{ xf]Og . o; dGqfnosf] s'g} sfdsf/jfxLn]lgj]bssf] df}lns xs xgg\ gePsf] x'Fbf lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t a]xf]/fsf] lzIff tyfv]ns'b dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgj]bs;d]t pDd]b\jf/ ePsf] kb;+Vof^$ sf] lj1fkgsf ;DaGwdf lzIfs ;]jf cfof]ulgodfjnL, @)%& sf] kl/R5]b\ $ adf]lhda9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{sf] ldlt @)^@.#.#! sf]uf]/vfkqdf a9'jfsf] gfdfjnL k|sflzt ul/of] .;f]pk/ k/]sf] ph"/Ldf 5fglag u/L ;+zf]lwtgfdfjnL k'gM ldlt @)^@.!!.% sf] uf]/vfkqdfk|sflzt ePsf] 5 . l;kmfl/z ul/Psf cGoJolQmx¿sf] cÍ lgj]bssf] eGbf a9L ePsfn]a9L cÍ kfpg]nfO{ cfof]uaf6 a9'jf l;kmfl/zul/Psf] xf] . cfof]un] lgodfg';f/ u/]sf] sfdsfg"g;Ddt\ ePsfn] lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm


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eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lzIfs ;]jf cfof]usf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lzIff P]g, lgodfjnLadf]lhd sfg"g;Ddt\tl/sfn] a9'jf ePsf] m:sfdsf/jfxL ab/ x'g'kg]{xf]Og . lgj]bssf] lgj]bg bfjL st}af6 k'li6 x'g;s]sf] 5}g . lgj]bg xr'jfsf] cfwf/df lbPsf]n]vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t a]xf]/fsf] lzIff ljefusf]tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u gofF afg]Zj/sf7df8f} +af6 tfnLdsf] cjlw / dfGotf;DaGwdf n]lvPsf] kqdf Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfk"/f ug'{eGbf cl3 dfGotfk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 tfnLdlnPsf lzIfsx¿n] kl5 Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfk"/f u/]df klg tfnLd eQf lbg ldNg] t/a9'jf k|of ]hgsf] nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]UotfkZrft\ lnPsf] tfnLd dfq u0fgf x'g]eGg] lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfxfl;n ug'{k"j{ tfnLd lnPsf lgj]bsnfO{a9'jfsf] nflu ;f] tfnLdafktsf] cÍ k|bfgug{ gldn]sf] xf] eGg] ;d]t a]xf]/fsf] If]qLolzIff lgb]{zgfno ;'v]{tsf tkm{af6 k]z ePsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

k|fylds lzIfssf nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]Uotf P;=Pn=;L=n]lvPsf]df ljjfb 5}g .lgj]bsn] !(** df xfO{:s"n k/LIff pQL0f{ ug'{cufj}@)$@ ;fndf !) dlxg] /]l8of] lzIff lzIfstfnLd lnPsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . Go"gtd\ of]Uotfk|fKt u/]kl5 lnPsf] tfnLdafkt\ dfq a9'jfsf]nflu cÍ u0fgf x'g] egL lzIfs ;]jf cfof]ulgodjfnL, @)%& sf] lgod #! df Joj:yfePsf]n] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt ug{'eGbfcl3sf] tfnLdafkt cÍ lbg gldNg] b]lvG5 .o; cbfntaf6 lgj]bs u'0fs]z/L pbf; ;d]tla?4 lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\

@)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#$!( sf] pTk|]If0fsf] lgj]bgdfGo"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt gu/L lnPsf] tfnLdsf]cÍ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ug{ gldNg] egLldlt @)^&.$.@% df vf/]h ePsf] / lgj]bshutaxfb'/ vqL ;d]t lj?4 lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#)&(sf] pTk|]If0fsf] lgj]bg klg ldlt @)^^.%.#) dfvf/]h ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/ ;f] ljk/Lt lgj]bg/fds[ito:0f Kofs'/]n ;d]t lj?4 lzIfs ;]jfcfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6g+=@&&$ sf] pTk|]If0fsf] lgj]bgdf Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]Uotf lng'k"j{sf] tfnLdafkt\sf] cÍ ;d]t lbgldNg] AofVof u/L tfnLdafktsf] cÍ;d]t hf]8Lk'gM glthf k|sflzt ug'{ egL l/6 hf/L ePsf]kfOG5 . To:t} lgj]bs gf/fo0fk|;fb e08f/L;d]tlj?4 lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] )^#;fnsf] l/6 g+= )@)& sf] lgj]bg ldlt @)^ .̂!).!*df / lgj]bs xl/axfb'/ kf08] lj?4 lzIfs ;]jfcfof]u ePsf] @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+=##$) sf]lgj]bg ldlt @)^^.(.@* df ;d]t tfnLdafktsf]cÍ kfpg] JofVof eO{ tfnLdsf] cÍ hf]8L k'gMglthf k|sflzt ug{' egL l/6 hf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .o;/L o; cbfntaf6 Ps} ljifoj:t'sf ;DaGwdfkm/skm/s JofVof eO{ ?lnª aflemPsf] b]lvFbfo; ljifodf k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 ;'g'jfO eO{ Ps¿ktfsfod x'g jf~5gLo ePsf]n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-v_ adf]lhdk"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug{' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ldlt @)^&.^.!) dfePsf] cfb]z .

o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt@)^&.^.!) sf] cfb]zdf plNnlvt km};nf;lxtsf/]s8{ ldl;nx¿ ;fy} /fvL k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] ldlt @)^*.*.! sf] cfb]z .

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lgodadf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 /xg'ePsfljåfg clwjQmf 8f=>L eLdfh'{g cfrfo{n] ldlt@)^*.*.^ b]lv h]i7tf nfu" x'g] u/L lgj]bssf]a9'jf eO{ ;s]sf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg dfu bfjLsf]cf}lrTosf ;DaGwdf af]Ng'kg]{ cj:yf 5}g .t/ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of ]Uotf lng'k "j {sf ]tfnLdafkt\sf] cÍ a9'jf k|of]hgsf nfluu0fgf ug{ ldNg] gldNg] ;DaGwdf leGgleGg?lnË sfod ePsf]n] Ps¿ktf x'g] u/L AofVofx'g cfjZos 5 . To;}n] lzIfs sd{rf/Ln]xfl;n u/]sf] tfnLdsf] cÍ k|bfg ug]{ u/LJofVof ul/g' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; k|:t'tug'{eof] .

ljkIfL lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u;d]tsftkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L ljgf]bkf]v/]nn] lgj]bssf] a9'jf e};s]sf] x'Fbf cf}lrTo;dfKt e};s]sf] lgj]bgaf6 s'g} lg0f{o lg¿k0fug'{kg]{ cj:yf gePsf]n] l/6 lgjb]g vf/]hx'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

kIf ljkIfsf sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]ug'{ePsf] pk/f]Qm ax; lhsL/ dgg\ u/L l/6lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L x]bf{ d'VotMb]xfosf ljifx¿df s]lGb|t /xL lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ x'gcfPsf] 5M–

1= lzIfs ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%& sf] lgod#!-!_-s__ sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ Go"gtd\z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n ug'{cufj} lnPsf]tfnLdafkt\sf] cÍ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nfluu0fgf ug{ ldNg] xf], xf]Og <

2= ;f] lgodsf ;DaGwdf km/skm/s AofVofu/L Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;nug'{k"j{sf] tfnLdafktsf] cÍ u0fgf ug{

ldNg] / gdlNg] egL o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ul/Psf ?lnªdWo]s'g sfod x'g] cj:yf b]lvG5 <

@= lg0f{o lg¿k0fsf] nflu lgwf{/0ful/Psf] pko'{Qm klxnf] k|Zgsf ;DaGwdfljrf/ ubf{ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;nug'{k"j{sf] tfnLdafktsf] cÍ u0fgf ug{ gldNg]egL k|fylds txsf] låtLo >]0fLsf] lzIfskbdf a9'jf glbPsf] ljkIfLx¿sf] lg0f{opTk|]If0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L a9'jf lbg' egLk/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] g} lgj]bssf]d'Vo dfubfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ToyL{ lzIfs;]jf cfof]u ;d]tsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmfn] ldlt @)^*.*.^ b]lv h]i7tfsfod x'g] u/L ;f]xL ldltsf] lg0f{oaf6lgj]bssf] a9'jf e};s]sf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgsf]cf}lrTo ;dfKt e};s]sf] eGg] lhsL/ lnO{ ;f]lhsL/sf] ;dy{gdf lhNnf lzIff sfof{nou'nl/of alb{ofsf] lgj]bsnfO{ a9'jf lgo'lQmlbOPsf ] ldlt @)^*.%.!% sf ] kqsf ]k|ltlnlk;d]t k]z k]z ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;k|sf/ lgj]bssf] k|fylds lzIfs t[tLo>]0fLaf6 låtLo >]0fLdf a9'jf e};s]sf]b]lvPsf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf lnPsf] lgj]bg lhsL/k|of]hgljxLg e};s]sf] b]lvof] .

#= tyflk Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;nug'{k"j{ lnPsf] tfnLdafktsf] cÍ u0fgf ug{ldNg], gldNg] ;DaGwdf o; cbfntsf ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 km/skm/s AofVof ePsf] egL ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] lgod #-!_-v_ adf]lhd k|:t't lgj]bg o;k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k7fOPsf]n] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;n]p7fPsf] sfg"gsf] AofVof lgxLt /x]sf] ;f] k|Zgsf]


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lg¿k0f ug{ cfjZos x'gcfPsf] 5 . o;sf]nflu k|ydtM ;DalGwt sfg"gL Joj:yf b[li6utug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

$= lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u lgodfjnL, @)%&sf] lgod #!-!_-s_ sf] Joj:yf b]xfoadf]lhd/x]sf] b]lvG5M–

Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf k"/f u/L ;DalGwttx jf ;f]eGbf dflyNnf] :t/sf] lzIfflzIf0f;Fu ;DalGwt bz dlxgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlwsf] tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf]jf k|fylds lzIfssf] xsdf $))k"0ff{Ísf] lzIff ljifo lnO{ dfWolds lzIffpQL0f{ u/]sf]nfO{ tfnLdafkt k|yd>]0fLsf] eP !% cÍ, låtLo >]0fLsf] eP!@ cÍ / t[tLo >]0fLsf] eP !) cÍlbOg]5 .

%= lgodfjnLsf] pk/f]Qm Joj:yf ;/n/ af]wuDo g} b]lvG5 . d'VotM Go"gtd z}lIfsof]Uotf k"/f u/L lnOPsf tfnLdafktsf] cÍlbOg]5 eGg] g} pQm lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfaf6:ki6 cy{ af]w e}/x]sf] kfOG5 . Go"gtd z}lIfsof]Uotf k"/f u/L eGg] lgodsf] klxnf] jfSof+zdfpNn]v ePsf] kbfjnLaf6} ;f] s'/f yk k|i6x'g]x'Fbf o;df låljwf x'g'kg]{ jf AofVofsf] s'g}u'~hfo; 5}g . hxfF sfg"gL Joj:yf c:ki6 jflåljwfk"0f{ x'G5 To:tf] cj:yfdf dfq AofVofsf]cf}lrTo /xG5 . t/ sfg"g :jod\df :ki6 /af]wuDo 5 eg] ank"j{s AofVof ug'{ sfg"gAofVofsf] lgodcg'¿k x'g ;Sb}g .

^= j:t'tM Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf s'g}klg ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu clgjfo{k"j{zt{ xf] . ;fdfGotM z}lIfs of]Uotfn] ;DalGwt

ljifoj:t'sf] ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff jf 1fgdf k|i6tfNofpFb5 . csf]{tkm{ tfnLd ;}4flGts eGbf klgJofjxfl/s sfd;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . z}lIfsof]Uotfdfq kof{Kt x'g] k]zfdf ;f]xL cfwf/dfsd{rf/L egf{ ul/G5 eg] s'g} cd"s sfo{ ;Dkfbgug{sf] nflu vf; k|sf/sf] tfnLd;d]t cfjZoskg]{ cj:yfdf tfnLdnfO{ jf~5gLo of]Uotfsf¿kdf /flvPsf] x'G5 . t/ Ps k6s xfl;nu/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf jf tfnLdsf] cfwf/df;]jf k|j]z u/]sf] sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] 1fg /cg'ejsf cfwf/df dfq ;Fw}sf nflu sfo{;Dkfbgul//xg ;Dej gx 'g ] x ' F b f ; +u7gsf ]sfo{k|s[ltcg'¿k ;d;fdlos ¿kdf Jojxfl/stfnLdaf6 sd{rf/LnfO{ k'gtf{huL u/fOG5 .

&= lzIfs kbdf /xL ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{sfo{ k|s[ltaf6} ;DalGwt ljifosf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]Uotf cfjZos kg]{ s'/fdf ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g .lzIf0f k]zfn] lglZrt\ k|sf/sf] tfnLdsf] ;d]tdfu ub{5 . To;}n] ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf] lzIfssf]lzIf0f l;sfO ;Lksf] ljsf; u/L Ifdtf clea[l4ug{sf] nflu tfnLd klg plQs} ckl/xfo{ x'ghfG5 . o;af6 Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;nu/L ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf ] lzIfsn] lnPsf]tfnLdafkt\sf ] cÍ k|bfg ug{ ]u/L pQmlgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yf cf }lrTosfb[li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t cGoyf b]lvg cfpFb}g .

*= To;df klg sfo{/t lzIfsx¿sf]z}lIfs of]Uotf / tfnLdsf] cj:yf s] s:tf]/x]sf] 5, s] s'g cfwf/df pgLx¿sf] a9'jf ubf{z}lIfs u'0f:t/ a[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 / j[lQ ljsf;df;d]t ;xof]u k'Ub5, z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;nu/]kl5sf] tfnLdsf] dfq lsg u0fgf ug'{kg]{ xf]cflb ljifox¿ Goflos tj/af6 lg¿k0f ug{ldNg] ljifox¿ geO{ d'n'ssf] z}lIfs gLlt;Fu

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hf]l8Psf gLltut ljifox¿ x'g\ . o;sf] cf}lrTojf hjfkm Goflos tj/af6 eGbf klg gLlt /sfo{qmlds 9+uaf6 vf]lhg' plrt x'G5 . ljutdfhgzlQmsf] cefj x'guO{ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]UotfgePsf / s'g} vf; k|sf/sf] tfnLd lnPsfJolQmx¿nfO{ lzIfs kbdf lgo'lQm ul/Psf] xf]eg] To:tf lzIfsx¿sf] j[lQ ljsf;df dsf{ kg]{u/L sfg"g lgdf{0f x'g' Gofof]lrt\ x'g ;Sb}g . t/Goflos AofVofaf6 gLlt kl/dfh{g ug{ gldNg]x'Fbf To:tf] l:yltsf] dx;"; x'g uPdf ;DalGwtlgsfox¿n] cfk\mgf] gLltdf kl/jt{t u/LcAojxfl/s sfg"gx¿df ;'wf/ ub}{ hfg' >]o:s/x'G5 .

(= ca lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ x'g cfPsf] bf];|f]k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ x'g cfPsf] 5 .Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt gu/L lnPsf]tfnLdsf] cÍ lbg ldNg], gldNg] ;DaGwdf lzIfs;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%& sf] pk/f]Qm lgod#!-!_-s_ s} Joj:yfnfO{ lnP/ o; cbfntaf6k/:k/ lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ AofVof ePsf] b]lvG5 .vf;u/L lgj]bs u'0fs]z/L pbf; ;d]t lj?4lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^#;fnsf] l/6 g+=#$!( sf] pTk|]If0fsf] lgj]bgdfGo"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n ug'{k"j{ lnPsf]tfnLdafkt\sf] cÍ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] lgldQ u0fgfug{ ldNb}g egL lgj]bg g} vf/]h x'g] 7x/L ldlt@)^&.$.@% df lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fy},lgj]bs hutaxfb'/ vqL ;d]t lj?4 lzIfs;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf]l/6 g+=#)&( sf] pTk|]If0fsf] lgj]bgdf klg cÍlbg gldNg] JofVof eO{ lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x/Lldlt @)^^.%.#). df lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/pk/f]Qm lgj]bgx¿df ul/Psf] AofVofeGbf 7Lsljk/Lt Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n ug'{k"j{

lnPsf] To:tf] tfnLdafkt\sf] cÍ k|bfg ug{ldNg] egL /fds[i0f Kofs'/]n ;d]t lj?4 lzIfs;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf]l/6 g+= @&&$ sf] pTk| ]If0fsf] lgj]bgdftfnLdafktsf] cÍ ;d]t hf]8L k'gM glthfk|sflzt ug{" egL ldlt @)^$.&.@! df l/6hf/L ePsf] kfOG5 . To:t} lgj]bs gf/fo0fk|;fbe08f/L ;d]t lj?4 lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ;d]tePsf] )^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )@)& sf] pTk|]If0fsf]lgj]bgdf ldlt @)^^.!).!* / lgj]bs xl/axfb'/kf08] lj?4 lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ePsf] @)^#;fnsf] l/6 g+=##$) sf] lgj]bgdf ldlt@)^^.(.@* df tfnLdafktsf] cÍ kfpg] JofVofeO{ tfnLdsf] cÍ hf]8L k'gM glthf k|sflztug{ l/6 hf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .

!)= o; k|sf/ o; cbfntaf6 lzIfs;]jf cfof]u lgodfjnL, @)%& sf] lgod #!-!_-s_ sf] Ps} sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ lnP/ km/skm/sAofVof ePsf] k|i6 b]lvof] . dfly klxnf] k|Zgsf;DaGwdf ul/Psf] ljZn]if0faf6 Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]Uotf geO{ lnPsf] tfnLdafkt\sf] cÍ a9'jfk|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ug{ gldNg] lgisif{dfk'luPsf] x'Fbf lgj]bs /fds[i0f Kofs'/]n ;d]tlj?4 lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\@)^@ ;fnsf ] l/6 g+= @&&$, lgj]bsgf/fo0fk|;fb e08f/L ;d]t lj?4 lzIfs ;]jfcfof]u ;d]t ePsf] )^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )@)&/ lgj]bs xl/axfb'/ kf08] lj?4 lzIfs ;]jfcfof]u ePsf] @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+=##$) sf]lgj]bgdf ul/Psf] AofVof sfod /xg ;Sb}g .ctM Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n ug'{k"j{ lnPsf]tfnLdafkt\sf] cÍ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] lgldQ u0fgfug{ gldNg] egL lgj]bs u'0fs]z/L pbf; ;d]tlj?4 lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\



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@)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+=#$!( sf] pTk|]If0fsf] lgj]bg/ lgj]bs hutaxfb'/ vqL ;d]t lj?4 lzIfs;]jf cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^@ ;fnsf]l/6 g+=#)&( sf] pTk|]If0fsf] lgj]bgdf o;cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ul/Psf] AofVofdgfl;j b]lvPsf]n] ;f]xL AofVof sfod x'g] 7x5{ .k|:t't lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L kmfonlgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{k|f=8f=Gof=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn sflQs @# ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M gf/fo0fk|;fb ;'j]bL

lg0f{o g+=*(&$ lg0f{o g+=*(&$ lg0f{o g+=*(&$ lg0f{o g+=*(&$ lg0f{o g+=*(&$

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{;+jt\ )^&–WO–)(^*

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!).*.@

ljifoM pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM s}nfnL lhNnf, u]6f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=#a:g] n]v/fh e6[ ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnL ;d]t

§ 5"6 hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf JolQm ljz]ifsf]hUuf s'g} sf/0fn] ;e]{ gfk hfFr x'FbfTo:tf] JolQmn] cfkm\gf] gfpFdf btf{ u/fpg;s]sf] /x]g5 t/ sfg"gadf]lhd 5"6hUuf btf{ ul/kfpg lgj]bg lbPsf] /x]5eg] To:tf] hUuf ;DaGwdf ;f]sf] ;a"bk|df0f a'́ L lghsf] xs ef]usf] b]lvgcfP btf{ ul/lbg'kg]{ bfloTj ;DalGwtdfnkf]t sfof{nosf] xf] . s'g} hUufg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf btf{ eO;s]sf]sf/0faf6 JolQm ljz]ifsf] gfpFdf btf{;Rofpg] gLlt gePsf] egL sfg"gadf]lhdug'{kg]{ bfloTj kG5fpg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_§ ljlwsf] zf;gdf /fHosf lgsfox¿n]

cfkm"nfO{ ;'lDkPsf] hgtfsf] sfd ;dod}x'g] gx'g] s] xf] lgsf;f lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] ;dofjlwleq dfusf];Daf]wg klg gug]{ / To;sf] hjfkmklg glbO{ TolQs} l3GofO{ u/L /fvL/fVg gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!#_§ hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf k]z u/]sf] ;fljs

k|df0f;d]t x]/L lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df ;f]adf]lhd lg0f{o gu/L ;/sf/sf] gfddfbtf{ ePs} sf/0f sf/jfxLaf6 ;f];DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o gu/L To;} klG5ggldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!^_§ cbfntnufotaf6 k6s–k6s Ps}

ljifodf d'2f k/L km};nf eO;s]sf]cj:yfdf ;f ] km };nfpk/ s 'g }r'gf}tL;d]t glbPsf] cj:yfdf ;f]

&&&&&

347347347347347

*(&$ –*(&$ –*(&$ –*(&$ –*(&$ – n]v/fh e6[ lj=dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnL ;d]t

km};nfnfO{ cgb]vf u/L lg0f{o gu/Lcfn6fn u/L a:g gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!*_§ cl:tTjdf g} g/x]sf] ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of

;dfwfg cfof ]un ] JolQmsf ];DklQ;DaGwL xsdf cf3ft kg]{ u/LclglZrt ;do;Dd lagf cfwf/ / sf/0fhUuf btf{;DaGwL sfo{ :ylut ug'{ egLn]v]sf] kqnfO{ Gofosf] /f]xdf plrtdfGg g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=@!_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf xl/x/bfxfn / ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ /fdk|;fbuf}8]n / ef]h/fh e6[

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf 7f]sk|;fblzjf]sf6L

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)$*, cÍ @, lg=g+=$@&#, k[= !@&§ g]sfk @)%), cÍ $, lg=g+=$&#@, k[= @**§ g]sfk @)%&, lg=g+=^(&@, k[= $#§ g]sfk @)%(, lg=g+=&)&&, k[=!*@

;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !!^§ dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf &-@_

cfb]zGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ cGtu{to; cbfntdf kg{ cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf];+lIfKt tYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5M–

xfd|f a'af bz/y e6[n] tTsfnLghUufwgL nIdLb]jL kGtaf6 @)@! ;fndf e"ld

k|zf;g sfof{no, s}nfnLaf6 /lhi6«]zg kf;ul/lnPsf] @!–)–% ;Dk"0f{ hUuf @)@! ;fndfe"ld k|zf;g sfof{no, s}nfnLn] hkmt u/]sf]lyof] . ;f] hkmt ug]{ lg0f{osf lj?4 @)@$;fn;Dd ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f ljrf/fwLg/x]sf] sf/0faf6 @)@! ;fnsf] ;e]{ gfkLdf ;f]hUuf gfkL x'g ;s]g . ldlt @)@$.$.@@ df;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 e"ld k|zf;gsfof{nosf] hUuf hkmt ug]{ u/]sf] lg0f{o ab/eO{ a'afn] lhltkfPsf]n] ;DdfgLt cbfntsf]km };nf ;+nUg /fvL h=lj=@!–)–% e"ldk|zf;g;Fu @)@$ ;fndf lkmtf{sf] dfu ubf{!^–)–% dfq lkmtf{ u/L % ljufxf hUufsf]lg0f{o tTsfn gu/L a'afnfO{ tfl/vdf g} /fvL@)#$ ;fn;Dd sf/jfxL lsgf/f e"ld k|zf;gsfof{non] ul/lbPg . @)#$ ;fndf dfnkf]tP]g nfu" eof] .

hUufsf] ldl;n dfnkf]t sfof{nodfk'u]kZrft\ @)$# ;fnb]lv xfd|f] 5"6 ePsf]lhNnf s}nfnL u]6f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=# ls=g+=!#*%sf] h=lj=%–)–) hUuf 5"6 btf{ ul/kfpFm egLdfu ub}{ cfPsf]df dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsf]ldlt @)%^.#.! df a;]sf] 5"6 hUuf btf{ ;ldltsf]a}7sn] 5"6 hUuf btf{ ug]{ l;kmfl/z;lxt lg0f{ou¥of] . t/ af6f];DaGwL ljjfb b]vfO{ hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ xfn;Dd pknJw u/fPsf] 5}g . ;f]lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gePtkm{ xfdLn] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lbkfondf lgj]bg ubf{ hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ pknJw u/fpg ljkIfLsf gfpFdf ldlt@)%^.!!.!( df k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z;d]t ePsf]df;f] cfb]z;d]tsf] kl/kfngf ljkIfLn] u/]sf 5}gg\ .k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf, ljkIfL sfof{nodf/x]sf xfd|f ;Ssn ldl;nsf k|df0f, 5"6 hUufbtf{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o, ljleGg cfof]usf kq,


348348348348348

;fj{hlgs xs bfjLsf] ;"rgf, ufpF ;h{ldg /gfkL zfvfn] u/]sf] :ynut lg/LIf0f /;h{ldg;d]tsf k|df0faf6 plNnlvt hUufsf]lglj{jfb ¿kdf xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ kfpg' kg]{ s'/fdf s'g} ljjfb 5}g .

bfjLsf] hUufsf] xsef]u xfd|f] :jfldTjdf5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]ldlt @)@$.$.@@.! sf] km};nf, dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] ldlt @)%^.#.! sf] lg0f{o, $ g+=gfkL uf]Zjf/fsf] lsQfsf6;DaGwL kq / k'g/fj]bgcbfnt d'sfd s~rgk'/ / ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6ePsf] km};nf tyf dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLaf6ePsf] ufpF ;h{ldg, dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLaf6k|sflzt u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs xs bfjLsf] #% lbg];fj{hlgs ;"rgf, dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsfsfof{no k|d'vn] u/]sf] :ynut lg/LIf0f, dfnkf]tsfof{no s}nfnLsf] cfb]zaf6 gfkL zfvfsfof{non] u/]sf] :ynut ;h{ldg nufotsfsfuhftsf cfwf/df xfdL lgj]bsaf6 uf=lj=;=sf]l;kmfl/z, gftf k|dfl0ft, d[To'btf{ k|df0f kq,gful/stf k|df0f kq, ;fljs kf]tf /l;b;lxtsf];Ssn} k|df0f a'l´lnPsf] ;Ssn kmfon,dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLaf6 xfdL lgj]bsnfO{hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lbg dfq afFsL /x]sf] /c8\8faf6 ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ sfd ;DkGg eO;s]sf]egL r=g+=@!)^ ldlt @)%^.#.@% df lbPsf]hfgsf/L kq / ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlts}nfnLsf] r=g+=!*# ldlt @)^&.(.@! sf] kqaf6bfjLsf] hUufdf xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] xs, ef]u,:jfldTj /x]sf]df s'g} ljjfb 5}g / plNnlvtkqcg';f/ klg xfdLn] bfjLsf] hUufsf] hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ dfq kfpg afFsL /x]sf] cj:yf 5 .

@)@! ;fnsf] gfkLdf 5"6 ePsf] hUufbtf{ ul/kfpFm egL ;DalGwt c8\8fdf xfdL

lgj]bsx¿n] lgj]bg lbFb} cfPsf]df tTsfnLge"ld k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 afFsL /x]sf sfddfnkf]t P]g / lgodfjnL nfu" ePkl5 dfnkf]tsfof{no s}nfnLdf sf/jfxL rnfO{ cfPsf] s'/fdfljjfb 5}g . dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLn] lhNnfjg ;'b[l9s/0f pRr:tl/o cfof]udf k7fPsf!* yfg ;Ssn k|df0f kmfon / ;'s'Djf;L;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt s}nfnLn] lgb]{zgsfnflu cfkm\gf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k7fPsf !$yfg kmfOn ldl;n;d]t ;+sng / ;+nUg /fvLhUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ kfpFm egL dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnL;Fu c6'6 ¿kdf lnlvt dfu bfjLub}{cfPsf]df ljkIfLn] nfdf] ;do;Dd hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ glbFbf cGo pkrf/sf] af6f] gkfpFbf@)%! ;fndf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt d'sfds~rgk'/df lgj]bg ubf{ ;f] cbfntaf6k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L eO{ ;f] cfb]zcg';f/dfnkf ]t sfof {no s}nfnL;Fu hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{sf] dfu ubf{ xfd|f] kmfon tfd]nLdf/fVg] lg0f{o eof] . ;f] lg0f{osf lj?4 ;DdfgLt;jf]{Rr cbfntdf pTk|]if0f k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bg ubf{ pQm tfd]nLcfb]z ab/ eO{ xfdL lgj]bsx¿sf] dfuadf]lhdldlt @)%$.#.$.$ ut] cljnDa sf/jfxL lsgf/ful/lbg' egL ljkIfLsf gfpFdf pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ePsf]df dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnLn] ;f]pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL u/]g .

;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{;d]t dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLn] c6]/ u/]kl5pQm km};nf sfof{Gjog ul/kfpg c=a+=!& g+=sf]lgj]bg k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lbkfondf lbFbf ;f]cbfntaf6 oyfzL3| km};nf sfof{Gjog ug'{ egLldlt @)%$.!!.!) df cfb]z eof] . ;f] cfb]zsf]sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] k'g/fj]bg

349349349349349


cbfnt lbkfondf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/Lul/kfpg lgj]bg ubf{ ;f] cbfntaf6 km};nfsfof{Gjog u/L o; cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'egL ldlt @)%^.!!.!( ut] k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zljkIfLsf gfpFdf hf/L ePsf] lyof] . ;f]cfb]zkZrft\ xfdL Ps} ;dosf lgj]bs, Ps}lsl;dsf k|df0f ePsfdWo] % hgfnfO{ dfqhUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ pknJw u/fPsf]df xfdLlgj]bsx¿nfO{ xfn;Dd hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{pknJw u/fPsf] 5}g .

tTkZrft\ c=a+=!& g+=/ cbfntsf]ckx]ngfdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lbkfondf lgj]bgubf{ sfof{no k|d'v gePsf] sf/0fn] km};nfsfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] xf] eGg] dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 lnlvt hjfkm k]z eof] . o;/L;DdfgLt ;jf] {Rr cbfnt, k'g/fj]bgsfkm};nfx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnLn] OGsf/ u/]sf]n] cbfntsf] km};nfcg';f/hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ pknJw u/fO{ lbg cfb]zul/kfpFm egL >Ldfg\ ;lrjHo" e"ld tyf Joj:yfdGqfnodf lgj]bg ubf{ ;f] dGqfnoaf6 oyfzL3|sf/jfxL ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLnfO{ cfb]zeof] . o;/L xfdL lgj]bsx¿nfO{ dfnkf]tsfof{no s}nfnLn] kmfon ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of;dfwfg cfof]udf /x]sf] x'Fbf cfof]un] g} k"hf{lbg'kg]{ x'Fbf xfnnfO{ dfnkf]tn] s'g} sf/jfxLug{ g;Sg] df}lvs hfgsf/L lbof] . To;kl5;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt s}nfnLnfO{cfb]z ul/kfpFm egL dfggLo cWoIf ;'s'Djf;L;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf lgj]bgubf{ lgj]bg b=g+=!)) ldlt @)^&.!.@^ df btf{e} cfjZos sfo{sf nflu r=g+=!%* ldlt@)^&.!.@& ut] s}nfnLsf] cfof]unfO{ k7fpg]sfd eof] .

s]Gb|Lo cfof]un] lbPsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt s}nfnLdfxfdL lgj]bsx¿n] ;Dks{ ubf{ dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnL;Fu /fo dfu ePsf]df dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnLsf] r=g+=@$(# ldlt @)^&.(.!* sf]kqfg';f/ dfu bfjLsf plNnlvt hUuf z'? gfkLsf];dodf jg h+un hlgO{ lkmN8a's sfod ePsf]/ xfn clwsf+z hUufdf v]tLkftL, 3/ uf]7agfO{ ef]urng u/]sf] a'l F́bf cfjZos hf] h]sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ xf], cfof]un] g} ;DkGg u/f];\egL hjfkm pNn]v u/]sf] kfOof] .

dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsf] r=g+=@$(#ldlt @)^&.(.!* sf] kqfg';f/ ;'s'Djf;L;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt;Fu xfdL lgj]bsnfO{xfd|f] dfucg';f/ hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ kfpFmegL xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] dfu ubf{ ;'s'Djf;L;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /dGqfnosf] cfb]zfg';f/ clglZrt ;do;Ddsfnflu cfof]usf ;a} sfd :ylut ePsf] x'Fbfs'g} sfd ug{ g;lsg] eGg] lnlvt hfgsf/L;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt s}nfnLaf6kfOof] . ;f] ;DaGwdf s]Gb|Lo cfof]u;Fu hfgsf/Ldfu ubf{ cfGtl/s gLltut lg0f{o ePsf]n]hfgsf/L lbg gldNg] hjfkm k|fKt eof] . dfnkf]tP]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_adf]lhdsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn]b'O{ jif{leq 5"6 hUuf btf{ ul/lbg'kg]{ u/LxbDofbsf] Joj:yf u/]sf ] 5 . dfnkf]tlgodfjnL, @)#^ sf] kl/R5]b\ ! lgod $ n]dfnkf]t lgodfjnL, @)#^ sf] lgod -@_-!_pklgod $-v_ adf]lhd hUufwgLnfO{ hUufbtf{ u/L hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf5 . sl/a $# jif{ eof], xfdLnfO{ cfn6fn u/L/f]sL xfd|f] xsdf s'g} ;'gjfO ePg .


350350350350350

Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !(n] cbfntaf6 ePsf lg0f{ox¿ clGtd x'g] /Tof] km};nf d'2fsf kIfx¿n] dfGg afWo x'g]elgPsf] 5 . cbfntsf km};nf cIf/;M kfngfug'{kg]{ egL ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 g]sfk@)$* cÍ @, #, $ lg=g+=$@&#, k[i7 !@&lg0f{o ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ sfof{non] Psk6s ul/;s]sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;f]xL sfof{nosf] ;dfgx}l;otsf] sd{rf/Ln] Tof] lg0f{o ab/ ug{ gkfpg]eGg] l;4fGt g]sfk @)%), cÍ $, lg=g+=$&#@,k[i7 @** df k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 . cbfntsf]ls6fgL cfb]z 5}g, hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lbg'eg]/ dfnkf]t sfof{nosf gfpFdf cfb]z ePsf]5}g, lgj]bsdfly cGofo k/]sf] s'/f cbfntnfO{nfu]sf] xf] eg] :ki6 efiffdf af]n]/ ;Lw}dfnkf]tnfO{ :ki6 cfb]z lbg'kg]{ xf] . ha;Ddcbfntsf] :ki6 cfb]z x'Fb}g ta;Dd dfnkf]tsfof{non] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lbg afWo 5}geGg] h:tf hjfkm ljkIfLx¿n] lbg] u/]sf 5g .;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldltdf hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ dfu ubf{ To;sf] u7g / lj36gsf]s'g} ;do;Ldf 5}g . ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfnt,k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf km};nfpk/ ;/f]sf/jfnflgsfon] ;f]pk/ P]gsf Dofbleq k'g/fj]bg cyjfk'g/fnf]sg ul/kfpFm egL uPsf ;d]t 5}gg\ .

tL km};nf clGtd eO{ a;]sf] cj:yfdfxfdLn] dfu]sf] pkrf/ lbg'kg]{ bfloTj ljkIfLlgsfosf] x'Fbf Ps} ljifodf k6s–k6s ;jf]{Rrcbfnt, k'g/fj]bg cbfntnufotsf ljleGglgsfox¿df sf/jfxL rnL ;a"b k|df0fsf]d"NofÍg u/L Goflos lg/f]k0f eO;s]sf]cj:yfdf ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{no tyf;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u ;d]tn]km};nf sfof{Gjog gu/L a;]sf] x'Fbf gful/ssf]

xssf] ;'/Iff / cbfntsf] ;Ddfg Pj ul/dfsf]ljifo;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf]n] xfdL lgj]bssf];DklQ;DaGwL clwsf/sf ;fy} ;DdfgLt;jf]{Rr cbfnt / k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsfcfb]zsf] kl/kfngf ug'{kg]{ ljifo ;d]t hf]l8Psf]x'Fbf xfdL lgj]bsn] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ kfpFmegL dfu u/]sf] hUuf tTsfnLg >L % sf];/sf/, xfnsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfpFdf btf{ug]{ u/fpg] nufot xfd|f k|lts"n x'g] u/LljkIfLx¿af6 lg0f{o eP u/]sf eP ;f] lg0f{oPj+ ljkIfLx¿n] cgGtsfn;Dd hUuf btf{ ug]{sfo{ :ylut /fVg] u/L ldlt @)^&.!@.!& dfn]v]sf] kqsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxL pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zn] ab/ u/L ldlt @)@$.$.@@, @)%$.#.$df ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 / ldlt @)%^.!!.!( dfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt lbkfonaf6 ePsf cfb]zsf]k"0f{ kl/kfngf u/L lgj]bs bfjLsf] hUufsf]hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ pknJw u/fpg ls6fgLcfb]z;lxt k|ToyL{x¿sf gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L gx'g'kg]{ xf],hf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP ;f]sf] sf/0f /cfwf/ v'nfO{ of] cfb]zk|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf]Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{nodfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egLljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf l/6 lgj]bgsf] ! k|ltgSsn;fy} /fvL ;"rgf lbO{ To;sf] jf]wfy{dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodf k7fO{ lnlvthjfkm k]z ePkl5 jf Dofb gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!.^ sf]cfb]z .

ljkIfLx¿n] s}nfnL lhNnf, u]6fuf=lj=;=j8f g+=# ls=g+=@) h=lj=!!(–%–) -

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lkmN8a'sdf klt{ h+un n]lvPsf]_ hUufdWo]h=lj=%–)–) hUuf 5"6 hUuf btf{ ug{ @)$#;fnb]lv sf/jfxL rnfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] hUuf@)%) ;fndf o; sfof{noaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfddf btf{ eO{ xfn;Dd oyfl:yltdf /x]sf] /o; sfof{nodf ldlt @)%^.#.! df a;]sf] 5"6hUuf btf{ ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 lgj]bs uf]s0f{e6[ / n]v/fh e6[sf gfddf hUuf btf{ ug{l;kmfl/z ug]{ lg0f{o u/] tfklg ;f] nuQ} k|:t'tljifodf c }́ lj:t[t hfgsf/L cWoog ug'{kg]{b]lvPsf]n] ;a} s'/f a'́ L cfufdL a}7sdf 5nkmnug]{ u/L xfnnfO{ pko'{Qm lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gug]{lg0f{o ul/of] eGg] Joxf]/f;d]tsf] lg0f{o ePsf]b]lvG5 eg] pQm ldlt @)%^.#.! sf] a}7ssf]lg0f{odf pQm hUuf cQl/of gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt/ ljleGg JolQmx¿af6 ;d]t /f]Ssf /fVgn]lvcfPsf] / hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf lhNnf jgsfof{noaf6 s'g} k|ltlqmof gcfPsf] Joxf]/f;d]tpQm lg0f{odf pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} ldlt@)%^.#.@% sf] kqaf6 af6f];d]tsf] ljjfbsfsf/0f kmfon lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, s}nfnLdfuPsf] x'Fbf ;f] lg/f]k0f geP;Dd s'g} sf/jfxLug{ g;lsg] egL ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ hfgsf/LlbPsf] ;d]t b]lvG5 .

lgj]bsx¿sf] sf/jfxL ldl;n slxn]jg If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, slxn];'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u, slxn] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof {no uPsf] b ]lvG5 / o;sfof{noaf6 pQm ;Ssn ldl;nx¿ k7fpge"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnonufotsflgsfox¿df kqfrf/ ubf{ ;d]t ;sSn ldl;nk|fKt x'g g;s]sf] sf/0faf6 ;DdfgLt cbfntaf6ePsf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zadf]lhd lgj]bsx¿sfgfddf pQm hUuf btf{ x'g] xf] xf]Og eGg] ljifodf

k|rlnt P]g lgodsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L sf/jfxLlsgf/f ug{ ;lsPsf] cj:yf b]lvb}g .

l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] dfu bfjL u/]sf] hUufu]6f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=# ls=g+=@) h=la=!!(–%–) leq kg]{ eO{ pQm hUuf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfddf btf{ eO;s]sf] df]7 ;|]:tfaf6 b]lvPsfn]dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$, dfnkf]t lgodfjnL, @)#^tyf ljefuLo gLlt lgb]{zg;d]tsf] cfwf/dfg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] hUuf JolQmljz]ifsf] gfddf btf{ ug{ g;lsg] x'Fbf tfd]nLdf/fvL lbg] eGg] o; sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)^!.#.#!df lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsx¿sf] dfubfjLsf] pQm h=lj=%–)–) hUuf ls=g+=@)cGtu{t kg]{ / ;f] hUuf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddfbtf{ ePsf], ljleGg lgsfoaf6 pQm hUuf btf{gu/L /f]Ssf /fVg] u/L ePsf] cfb]z Pj+ o;sfof{nosf] ldlt @)^!.#.#! sf] lg0f{o ab/geO{ xfn;Dd oyfl:yltdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .lgj]bsx¿n] lbPsf] ;fljs btf{ lt/f], kfl/tlnvtnufotsf xs ef]usf k|df0f sfuhftx¿sf];Ssn ldl;n ge]l6Psf] / lgj]bsx¿n] ;f];DaGwL gSsn;Dd klg o; sfof{nodf k]zu/]sf] cj:yf b]lvb}g . xfn ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of;dfwfg cfof]usf] sfo{ cjlw ;dfKt eO{ sfof{noaGb ePsf]n] ;Ssn ldl;n vf]htnf; ug]{;DaGwdf yk kqfrf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf;d]tb]lvb}g .

;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfnt tyf k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 lgj]bsx¿sf] dfu lgj]bgcg';f/hUuf btf{ x'g] xf] xf]Og, sfg"gadf]lhd u/L ;f];DaGwdf cljnDa sf/jfxL lsgf/f u/L lbg'egL k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L eOcfPsf] cj:yfdfdfu bfjLsf] hUuf lkmN8a'sdf klt{ h+un n]lvO{df]7 ;|]:tfaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfddf btf{


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ePsf] sf/0faf6 lhNnf jg sfof{no s}nfnL,lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s}nfnLaf6 ;d]t /f]Ssf/fVg] cfb]z ePsf]df ;f] km's'jf eO{ gcfPsf] /o; sfof{noaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf ePsf]btf{ ab/ geO{ oyfl:yltdf /x]sf] ;fy} o;sfof{noaf6 lgj]bsx¿sf gfddf btf{ ug{g;lsg] x'Fbf tfd]nLdf /fvL lbg] egL ldlt@)^!.#.#! df ePsf] cfb]z;d]t oyfl:yltdf/x]sf] / ;Ssn ldl;n k|df0f sfuhftx¿sf];d]t cefjdf o; sfof{noaf6 sfg"gL k|lqmofk"/f u/L sf/jfxL lsgf/f ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfb]lvPsf]n] lgj]bsx¿sf] xs lxtdf cf3ft k'Ug]sfo{ o; sfof{noaf6 eP u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n]lgj]bsx¿sf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnL, wgu9Lsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfLn] bfjL ug'{ePsf] hUuf z'¿ gfkLsf];dodf g} jg h+un hlgO{ lkmN8a's sfodePsf] hUuf xf] . o;/L gfkLsf] ;dodf g} jgh+un hlgPsf] ;/sf/L hUufdf ljkIfLx¿åf/fv]tLkftL 3/ 38]/L, uf]7 agfO{ ef]u rng u/]s}cfwf/df xfdLn] ef]u ul//x]sf] x'Fbf xfd|f] gfddfsfod ul/kfpFm egL dfu bfjL ug'{ Gofo tyfts{;+ut 5}g, ctM k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg :jtMvf/]h ul/kfpFm . l/6 lgj]bsn] ljkIfL dfnkf]tsfof{no s}nfnLsf] lg0f{oaf6 cGofo k/]sf] egLpNn]v u/]sf] ljifotkm{ x]bf{ hUuf k|zf;g ug]{,hUuf cfjfb ug]{, hUuf btf{ ug]{ / ;/sf/L Pj;fj{hlgs hUufsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf dfnkf]tP ]g , @)#$ n ] lhNnf l:yt lgsfosfclwsf/Lx¿sf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ Pj+pQ/bfloTj :ki6 ¿kdf tf]s]sf] 5 . t;y{,k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lhNnfl:yt dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 eP u/]sf sfdsf/jfxLsf] ;DaGwdf

ljkIfLn] o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfL agfpg' kg]{sf/0f g} pNn]v gu/L o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfLagfpg' Gofo;+ut gePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfdGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

o;df ljkIfL agfOPsf ;'s'Djf;L;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{no /;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt, lhNnf ;ldlts}nfnLsf] tkm{af6 o; cbfntdf lnlvt hjfkmk/]sf] b]lvFb}g .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs d'2f k]zL ;"rLdfr9L Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bg;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx¿sf] cWoogul/of] . lgj]bstkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf >L xl/x/ bfxfn / ljåfg clwjQmfx¿>L /fdk|;fb uf}8]n / >L ef]h/fh e6[n] @)@!;fndf /fhLgfdf kf; u/L lgj]bsx¿sf lktfn]nIdLb]jL kGtaf6 lnPsf] lgljjf{b xs ef]usf]If]qkmn @!–)–% ePsf] hUuf tTsfnLg ;dodfe"ldk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 xb nflu hkmt ePsf]dfkl5 ;jf ] {Rr cbfntdf d'2f k/L lhltlgj]bsx¿sf lktfn] lkmtf{ kfpg] lg0f{o eO{hUuf btf{sf] nflu ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnLdf lgj]bg lb+bf !^–)–% ljufxf hUufbtf{ ePsf]df hDdf lkmtf{ ePsf] hUuf If]qkmn@!–)–% ljufxf hUufdWo] % ljufxf hUuf btf{x'g afFsL /x]sf] lyof] .

@)@! ;fnsf ] gfkLdf btf { x 'gg;s]kl5 ;f] afFsL hUuf btf{ u/L hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ kfpg lgj]bsx¿ ljkIfL dfnkf]tsfof{no s}nfnLdf lgj]bg lnO{ hfFbf hUufbtf{ ;ldltaf6 lgj]bssf] gfddf btf{sf] nflul;kmfl/z ePkl5 bfjLsf] hUuf btf{ u/L ;f]sf]hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lbg OGsf/ u/]sf] sf/0f

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k6s–k6s cbfntsf] z/0f lnPsf]df k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lbkfon / ;DdfgLt ;jf ] { Rrcbfnt;d]taf6 lgj]bsx¿sf] bfjLsf] hUufk|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L lgj]bssf]gfpFdf btf{ u/L hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ pknJwu/fO{ lbg' egL k6s–k6s cfb]z x'Fbf ;d]tljkIfLx¿n] ;DdfgLt cbfntsf] cfb]z c6]/u/L lgj]bgcg';f/ hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ lbgcfn6fn u/L cgGtsfn;Dd hUuf btf{ ug]{sfo{ :ylut /fVg] u/L ldlt @)^&.!@.!& dfkq n]vL hfgsf/L lbPsf]n] ;f] kq / lgj]bssf]xs lxtdf c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} sfd ePsf] eP;f] sfdsf/jfxL;d]t ab/ u/L lgj]bsdfuadf]lhdsf] hUuf btf{ u/L hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ lbg' eGg] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kb{5 egLax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

To;}u/L ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L 7f]sk|;fb lzjf]sf6Ln]ljkIfL lgj]bsx¿n] @)$# ;fnb]lv cfkm\gf] xf]egL bfjL u/]sf] hUuf lkmN8a'sdf klt{ h+unhlgPsf] x'Fbf @)%) ;fndf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfpFdf btf{ x'g] egL lg0f{o eO{ xfn g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ eO;s]sf] 5 . o;/L lgj]bgbfjLsf] hUuf lkmN8a'sdf klt{ hlgPsf], df]7;|]:tf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf ePsf], lhNnf jgsfof{no s}nfnL / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nos}nfnL;d]taf6 /f]Ssf /x]sf] / ;f] lgsfoaf6km's'jf gePsf] tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdfbtf{ x'g] u/L ePsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsf]lg0f{o ab/ gePsf] cj:yf 5 . csf]{tkm{ k|:t'tljjfb; Fu ;DalGwt ;Ssn ldl;nsfuhftx¿sf] cefjdf bfjLsf hUuf lgj]bssfgfpFdf btf{ ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] s] xf] eGg]lg0f{odf k'Ug afFsL g} /x]sf] x'Fbf xfn dfuadf]lhd

l/6 hf/L ug{ gldNg] ePsf]n] l/6 vf/]h ul/kfpFmegL ax; lhsL/ k|:t't ug'{eof] .

pk/f]Qm ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf]ax; lhsL/;d]t ;'gL lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{lgj]bssf] dfu bfjLcg';f/sf] cfb]z hf/L x'g;Sg]xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvgcfof] .

;j{k|yd l/6 lgj]bg Joxf]/f x]bf{ bz/ye6[n] @)@! ;fndf /flhgfdf kfl/t ul/lnPsf]@!–)–% ;Dk"0f{ hUuf @)@! ;fndf e"ld k|zf;gsfof{no s}nfnLn] hkmt u/]sf]df ;f]pk/ ;jf]{Rrcbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg k/L ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]sf/0f @)@! ;fnsf] ;e]{ gfkLdf lktf bz/ye6[sf] gfddf pQm hUuf btf{ x'g g;s]sf] /ldlt @)@$.$.@@ df ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 hkmtug]{ u/]sf] e"ld;'wf/ sfuf{nosf] lg0f{o ab/ePkZrft\ plNnlvt @!–)–% ljufxfdWo] !^–)–% ljufxf hUuf btf{ u/] tfklg afFsL %–)–) ljufxf hUufsf] btf{;DaGwL sf/jfxL rln/x]sf]cj:yfdf @)#$ ;fndf dfnkf]t P]g nfu"ePkZrft\ ;f] sf/jfxL dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnLdf ;/]sf] lyof] . pQm 5"6 h=lj=%–)–)hUuf lhNnf s}nfnL u]6f uf=la=;=j8f g+=#ls=g+=@) df kg]{ u/L gfkgS;f ePsf]n] pQm5"6 hUuf btf{ ul/kfpFm egL @)$# ;fnb]lvdfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLdf ;fljs k|df0f;d]t/fvL lgj]bg dfu ub}{ cfPsf]df dfuadf]lhds'g} sf/jfxL gu/]sf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdx]Gb|gu/df k/dfb]zsf] l/6 lgj]bg lbPsf]dflgj]bg dfuadf]lhd hUuf btf{ x'g] gx'g] s] xf];f] ;DaGwdf cljnDa sf/jfxL lsgf/f ul/lbg'egL ldlt @)%!.(.!( df k/dfb]z hf/L ePsf]dfpQm cfb]zadf]lhd sf/jfxL ug'{sf] ;6[f pN6}pQm sf/jfxLsf] ;Ssn kmfon km]nf gk/]sf]


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egL ldlt @)%#.@.!$ df pQm sf/jfxL kmfontfd]nLdf /fv]sf]n] ;f]pk/ ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rrcbfntdf pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]zsf] l/6 lgj]bglbPsf]df o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)%$.#.$ dfpQm tfd]nL cfb]z ab/ u/L lgj]bgsf] gfddfpQm 5"6 hUuf btf{ x'g] xf] xf]Og ;Ssn kmfonvf]hL cljnDa sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug'{ egLcfb]z ePsf] lyof] .

pQm cfb]zkZrft\ pQm hUuf btf{;DaGwdf k|rlnt dfnkf]t P]g lgodadf]lhd;fj{hlgs xs bfjLsf] ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{,;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ug]{, sfof{no k|d'vaf6 :ynutlg/LIf0f;d]tsf] sfd ;DkGg u/L 5"6 hUufbtf{ ;ldltaf6 ldlt @)%^.#.! df lgj]bssf]gfddf hUuf btf{sf] l;kmfl/z;d]t ePsf] lyof] .o;} cj:yfdf ;f] hUufdf :yfgLo JolQmx¿n]af6f]sf] ljjfb b]vfO{ kmfon lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no s}nfnLdf k'u]sf]df dfu u/]adf]lhdaf6f] lbg d~h"/ u/L ;f] af6f] s6fO{ hUuf5'6[fpg gfkL zfvfnfO{ ls=sf=sf] cfb]zePcg';f/ gfkL zfvfaf6 lsQfsf6;d]t eO{cfPsf] lyof] .

tTkZrft\ klg hUuf btf{ u/L k|df0fk"hf{glbPsf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lbkfnodfk/dfb]zsf] lgj]bg btf{ u/]sf]df ;f] cbfntaf6ldlt @)%^.!!.!( df k|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lqmofckgfO{ lgj]bssf] gfpFdf dfuadf]lhd cljnDahUuf btf{sf] sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;f]sf]hfgsf/L;d]t o; cbfntnfO{ lbg' eGg] cfb]zePsf] 5 . To;kl5 klg hUuf btf{sf] sf/jfxLgu/]sf]n] c=a+=!& g+= lgj]bg tyf cbfntsf]ckx]ngfdf lgj]bg k/L cfb]z ePsf] 5 .

;f] ;DaGwdf e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfdGqfnodf hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf cfb]z ul/kfpFm

egL cbfntsf] km};nf;lxt lgj]bg lbPsf]df;f] dGqfnoaf6 klg dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsf]gfddf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] sfd oyfzSorf F8f ] ;DkGg u/L hfgsf/L lbg ] egLkqfrf/;d]t ePsf] 5 . t/ dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnLn] hUuf btf{sf] ;Ssn kmfon ge]l6Psf],kmfon ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]udfuPsf] 5, bfjLsf] hUufdf jg j'6]g, ?v /h+un b]lvPsf] 5, ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{eO;s]sf] 5 eGg] h:tf hjfkm lbO{ cfn6fnu/L g} /x]sf] / o; ;DaGwdf t/ tfs]tful//x]sf]df ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u/ e"ld;'wf/ Joj:yf dGqfnosf ] ldlt@)^&.!@.! sf] kqcg';f/ csf] { Joj:yfgeP;Ddsf] nflu hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf s'g}lsl;dsf] sfd gug'{ gu/fpg' egL lgb]{zg e}cfPsf]n] csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Ddsf] nflu hUufbtf{sf] sfd :ylut ePsf] 5 egL ldlt@)^&.!@.!& df ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfgcfof]u lhNnf ;ldlt s}nfnLaf6 hfgsf/Lu/fOPsf]n] pQm kq / ;f] ;DaGwdf xfdLlgj]bsx¿sf] xs lxtdf s'g} k|lts"n c;/kg]{ sfdsf/jfxL jf lg0f{o ePsf] eP ;f] ;d]tab/ u/L cbfntsf] km};nf;d]tsf] cfwf/dfpQm hUuf btf{;DaGwL afFsL sf/jfxL cljnDa;DkGg u/L lgj]bsx¿nfO{ hUufwgL btf{k|df0fk"hf{ pknJw u/fO{ lbg' eGg] ljkIfLsf]gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsf]lnlvt hjfkm x]bf{ lgj]bsn] 5"6 hUuf btf{sf]nflu dfu u/]sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt tyf k'g/fj]bgcbfNo:ntsf] km};nfcg';f/ btf{sf] cfjZossfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f u/L btf{ x'g] gx'g] s] xf]

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oyfzL3| sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ul/lbg' eg]sf]hUuf ;fljs u]6f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=# sf]ls=g+=@) sf] !!(–%–) cGt{ut kg]{ eO{ pQmhUufsf] lkmN8a'sdf klt{, h+un, n]lvO{ df]7;| ]:tf agL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{eO;s]sf]n] lgj]bssf] gfddf btf{ ug{ gldNg]egL o; sfof{noaf6 lgj]bg tfd]nLdf /fVg]u/L ldlt @)^!.#.#! df ePsf] lg0f {ooyfl:yltdf /x]sf] / lgj]bsn] o; ;DaGwdfk]z u/]sf] ;Ssn ldl;n;d]tsf] cefjdf o;sfof{noaf6 sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f u/L sf/jfxL/ lsgf/f ug{ g;lsPsf] eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]vePsf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfdGqfnoaf6 klg lgj]bsn] bfjL u/]sf] hUufz'¿ gfkLsf] ;dodf g} jg h+un hlgO{lkmN8a's sfod ePaf6 lgj]bssf] gfddf btf{x'g] cj:yfdf 5}g eGg] lnlvt hjfkm lbPsf]b]lvG5 . ljkIfL ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfgcfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of;dfwfg ;ldlt lhNnf ;ldlt s}nfnLsf]tkm{af6 cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] Dofb a'´]/klg lnlvt hjfkm nufPsf] b]lvg cfPg .

@= ca lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bssf]a'af bz/y e6[n] @)@! ;fndf e"ld k|zf;gsfof{no s}nfnLaf6 /fhLgfdf kf; ul/lnPsf]@!–)–% ;Dk"0f{ hUuf @)@! ;fndf e"ld k|zf;gsfof{no s}nfnLn] hkmt u/]sf]df ;f] lg0f{osflj?4 @)@$ ;fn;Dd ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2fljrf/fwLg /x]sf] sf/0faf6 @)@! ;fnsf] ;e]{gfkLdf ljjflbt hUuf lgj]bssf lktfsf] gfpFdfgfkL x'g g;s]sf] eGg] lgj]bg bfjL b]lvG5 .o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)@$.$.@@ sf] cfb]zfg';f/e"ld k|zf;g sfof{no s}nfnLsf] hUuf hkmtug]{ lg0f{o ab/ eO{ lgj]bsx¿n] bfjLsf] hUuf

lhltkfPsf]df ;f] km};nf ;+nUg /fvL h=lj=@!–)–% e"ld k|zf;g sfof{no;dIf @)@$ ;fndflgj]bsn] hUuf btf{sf] dfu ubf{ !^–)–% btf{ul/lbPsf] b]lvg cfpF5 . lgj]bsn] btf{sf] nfludfu u/]sf] afFsL % ljufxf hUufsf] lg0f{o xfn;DdePsf] gb]lvFbf ;f] ;DaGwdf k|:t't lgj]bg k/]sf]eGg] lgj]bssf] egfO{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . @)#$;fndf dfnkf]t P]g nfu" eO{ ljjflbt hUufsf]ldl;n dfnkf]t sfof{nodf k'u]kZrft\ @)$#;fnb]lv lgj]bsx¿sf] 5"6 ePsf] lhNnf s}nfnLu]6f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=# sf] ;fljs ls=g+=@) sf]xfn ls=g+=!#*% sf] h=lj=%–)–) hUuf btf{ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bsx¿n] dfu ub}{ cfPsf]dfhUuf btf{;DaGwL sf/jfxL ug{ cfn6fn u/]sf]n]k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm egL k'g/fj]bg cbfntdx]Gb|gu/df lgj]bg lbPsf]df dfuadf]lhd hUufbtf{ x'g] gx'g] s] xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf sfg"gadf]lhdl56f] lg0f{o ug'{ egL ldlt @)%!.(.!( df cfb]zePkZrft\ sf/jfxL rNbf ;Ssn ldl;n km]nfgk/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ldlt @)%#.@.!$ dftfd]nLdf /flvPsf]df ;f] pk/ o; cbfntdfl/6 lgj]bg k/]sf]df o; cbfntaf6 ldlt@)%$.#.$ df pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zaf6 pQm lg0f{oab/ u/L cljnDa hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdfsfg"gadf]lhd k|lqmof k"/f u/L lg0f{o ug'{ egLcfb]z ePsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

#= tTkZrft\ lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdhUuf btf{sf] nflu cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/Ldfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsf] 5"6 hUuf btf{;ldltsf] ldlt @)%^.#.! df a;]sf] 5"6 hUufbtf{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{on] lgj]bsx¿sf] gfpFdf 5"6hUuf btf{ ug{ l;kmfl/z;lxt lg0f{o;d]t u/]sf]pQm lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlkaf6 b]lvG5 . pQm hUufdfaf6f];DaGwL ljjfb b]vfO{ lgj]bsx¿nfO{ hUufwgL


356356356356356

k|df0fk"hf{ lbg] sfd tTsfnsf] nflu :ylutePsf] eGg] b]lvPtfklg dfu u/]cg';f/sf] af6f]lbg lgj]bsx¿ d~h"/ ePaf6 ;f] hUufsf]lsQfsf6 cfb]z;d]t ePsf] sf/jfxLsf]ldl;naf6 b]lvG5 .

$= tTkZrft\ klg dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6;f] ;DaGwL sfdsf/jfxL gePkl5 lgj]bsn]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lbkfnodf lgj]bg ubf{lgj]bssf] gfddf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lqmof k"/fu/L u/fO{ hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ pknJw u/fO{o; cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' egL ljkIfLsfgfpFdf ldlt @)%^.!!.!( df k/dfb]zsf]cfb]z;d]t hf/L ePsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

%= cbfntsf ] cfb ]z ePkZrft\dfnkf]t sfof{non] u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmofx]bf{ xs bfjL;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflztePsf ] , ;h { ldg d 'r ' Ns f , :ynutk|ltj]bgkZrft\ hUuf btf{ ;ldlt dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 lgj]bssf] gfpFdf hUuf btf{sf]l;kmfl/z ePsf] / gfkL zfvfaf6 lgj]bgbfjLcg';f/sf] hUuf lsQfsf6 ePsf] b]lvgcfpF5 .

^= o;} ;DaGwdf e"ld;'wf/ Joj:yfkgljefun] lgj]bg bfjLsf] hUuf cbfntsf]km};nfadf]lhd k|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{lgj]bsx¿sf] dfuadf]lhd btf{sf] sfg"gL k|lqmofk"/f ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLdf k6s–k6s kqfrf/;d]t ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/Le"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg dGqfnon] klgdfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLnfO{ bfjLsf] hUufbtf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf rfF8f] sf/jfxL ul/lbg' egLk6s–k6s lnlvt lgb]{zg;d]t lbPsf] b]lvG5 .

&= 5"6 hUuf btf{ ul/kfpFm egL bfjLug]{ / cbfntaf6 ;d]t l/6 hf/L ePsf

lgj]bsx¿;/x ;dfg cj:yf ;dfg k|df0f/x]sf] j+zL 8uf}/f yf?, ;"h{axfb'/ l;Fx, g/]zrf}w/L, a'l4/fd rf}w/L / r'n'jf rf}w/L;d]tsf% hgfnfO{ hUufwgL btf{ k|df0fk"hf{ pknJwu/fO;s]sf] eGg] lgj]bsn] lgj]bgdf pNn]vu/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

*= o; k|sf/ lgj]bsn] ;fljs k|df0f/fvL z'?b]lv hUuf btf{sf] nflu sf/jfxLdf/xl/x]sf] / ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 o;;DaGwdf sf/jfxL / lsgf/f gePaf6cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg lnP/ k6s–k6s uPsf]/ cbfntaf6 klg bfjLsf] hUuf lgj]bssf]gfddf btf{ x'g] gx'g] s] xf], k|rlnt sfg"gLk|lqmof k"/f u/L cljnDa lsgf/f ul/lbg'egL k6s–k6s cfb]z eO{ ;Sbf klg xfn;Dd;f] ;DaGwL sf/jfxL k|lqmof 6'Ëf] nfu]sf] eGg]b]lvg cfPg .

(= 5"6 hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf JolQmljz]ifsf] hUuf s'g} sf/0fn] ;e]{ gfk hfFr x'FbfTo:tf] JolQmn] cfkm\gf] gfpFdf btf{ u/fpg ;s]sf]/x]g5 t/ sfg"gadf]lhd 5"6 hUuf btf{ ul/kfpglgj]bg lbPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] hUuf ;DaGwdf;f]sf] ;a"b k|df0f a'́ L lghsf] xs ef]usf]b]lvg cfP btf{ ul/lbg'kg]{ bfloTj ;DalGwtdfnkf]t sfof{nosf] xf] . s'g} hUuf g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfpFdf btf{ eO;s]sf] sf/0faf6 JolQmljz]ifsf] gfpFdf btf{ ;Rofpg] gLlt gePsf]egL ;f] sfof{noaf6 sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{kg]{ bfloTjkG5fpg ldNb}g .

!)= ;fljssf k|df0f, sfof{nosf]5fglag, cbfntsf] km};nf / dfnkf]t sfof{non]ljutdf u/]sf ljleGg kqfrf/;d]tadf]lhdlgj]bsx¿n] dfu u/]sf] hUuf lgj]bssf] ;fljsk|df0faf6 le8L lghsf] gfpFdf btf{ ug{ ldNg]

357357357357357


xf], xf]Og < ;f] ;DaGwdf o; k"j{ cbfntaf6ePsf km};nfcg';f/ cljnDa sf/jfxL / lsgf/fug'{kg]{ egL ljkIfLsf] gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] 7x/L o; cl3 sf/jfxL rn]sf] ljleGgd'2fx¿df cbfntaf6 km};nf;d]t ePsf] b]lvgcfpF5 . o; sfdnfO{ cfn6fn / l9nf;':tLug'{ eg]sf] cfkm\gf] sfg"gL bfloTjaf6 ljd'v x'g'/ cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ kfngf ug{af6 kl5x6\g' xf] . cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]qleqsf] sfg"gn] ug'{kg]{egL tf]s]sf] sfd x'g] gx'g] ;DaGwdf oyfzL3|lg0f{o ug'{ ;'zf;gsf] b[li6af6 klg ;DalGwtsfof{nosf] bfloTjleq kg{ cfpF5 .

!!= o;/L nfdf] ;do;Dd hUuf btf{ug]{ ;flwsf/ lgsfo dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 P]glgodn] ;'Dk]sf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f u/]sf] gb]lvFbfljlwsf] zf;gsf] pkxf; ePsf] cj:yf;d]t5 .

!@= To;df klg hUuf btf{ ul/kfpFmegL Ps} ;dodf lgj]bg dfu ug]{ / Ps}lsl;dsf k|df0f / x}l;ot ePsf lgj]bsx¿;/xsf cGo % hgfnfO{ hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{pknJw u/fpg] lg0f{o u/L hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{pknJw u/fO{ oL lgj]bsx¿sf] xsdf c;dfg /e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ u/L lghx¿sf] gfpFdf hUufbtf{ x'g] gx'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o;Dd ePsf]klg b]lvg cfPg .

!#= ljlwsf] zf;gdf /fHosf lgsfox¿n]cfkm"nfO{ ;'lDkPsf] hgtfsf] sfd ;dod} x'g]gx'g] s] xf] lgsf;f lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . sfg"gn] tf]s]sf];dofjlwleq dfusf] ;Daf]wg klg gug]{ /To;sf] hjfkm klg glbO{ TolQs} l3GofO{ u/L/fvL /fVg' x'Fb}g . o;df lgj]bg bfjLsf] ;Daf]wgnfdf] ;do;Dd gePsf] / k6s–k6s cbfntPj+ tfn's dGqfnoaf6 lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf]

sfd k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{o ul/lbg' egLcfb]z ubf{ ;d]t ljkIfLaf6 ;f] ljifodf lg0f{ox'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .

!$= lgj]bsx¿n] 5"6 hUuf btf{ul/kfpg ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLdft/tfs]tf u/]sf]df ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6pQm hUuf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfpFdf btf{eO;s]sf], ;Ssn ldl;n km]nf gk/]sf], cGo;/sf/L lgsfox¿af6 /f]Ssf /x]sf], af6f]sf]ljjfb /x]sf], ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]un]lg0f{o ug]{ ljifo ePsf] eGg] h:tf hjfkm lbO{nfdf ] ;dob ] lv cfn6fn ub } { cfkm \gf ]lhDd]jf/Laf6 klG5g] u/]sf] kfOof] . o;/Lcbfntaf6 ePsf cfb]zx¿ ;d]tsf] sfof{Gjoggu/L To;nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ u/L c;fGble{s /sfg"gk|lts"n cfwf/x¿ pNn]v u/L ljkIfLdfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLn] lgj]bsx¿sf] dfubfjLdf plrt ;Daf]wg gu/L TolQs} a;]sf]kfOof] . o;/L nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd gu/Llg0f{o gu/L a:g' ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ ;'xfpg]ljifo xf]Og .

!%= o;} qmddf dfnkf]t sfof{nos}nfnLn] lgj]bsx¿n] hUuf btf{ ul/kfpFm egLdfu u/]sf] lgj]bg;DaGwL kmfon ;'s'Djf;L;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]udf /x]sf] x'Fbf cfof]un] g}k"hf { lbg'kg] { egL lgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/Lu/fPkZrft\ hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ pknJw u/fO{lbg ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldlt s}nfnLnfO{cfb]z ul/kfpFm egL ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfgcfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf lgj]bsx¿n] lgj]bglbPsf]df cfjZos sfo{sf nflu ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of;dfwfg cfof]un] s}nfnLl:yt cfof]usf] zfvfsfof{nonfO{ kq k7fPsf] b]lvG5 . s]Gb|Lo cfof]un]lbPsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg


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;ldlt s}nfnLn] dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnL;Fu/fo dfu u/]sf]df dfnkf]t sfof{no s}nfnLsf]r=g+=@$(# ldlt @)^&.(.!* sf] kqfg';f/ dfubfjLsf plNnlvt hUuf z'? gfkLsf] ;dodf jgh+un hlgO{ lkmN8a's sfod ePsf] / xfnclwsf+z hUufdf v]tLkftL, 3/ uf]7 agfO{ ef]urng u/]sf] a'l´bf cfjZos hf] h] sf/jfxLug'{kg]{ xf] cfof]un] g} ;DkGg u/f];\ egL hjfkmlbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] ;DaGwL sf/jfxLsf] ldl;n;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u lhNnf;ldltdf sf/jfxLdf /x]sf]df ;f] ;ldltn] ldlt@)^&.!@.!& df oL lgj]bs ;d]tnfO{ o;;DaGwLhfgsf/L kq k7fPsf] b]lvG5 . pQm kqdf;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{no/ e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnoaf6 ldlt@)^&.!@.! df k|fKt kqfg';f/ csf]{ Joj:yfgeP;Ddsf] nflu s'g} lsl;dsf] sfd gug'{gu/fpg' egL lgb]{zg eOcfPsf] x'Fbf o; ;ldltdf/x]sf] hUuf btf{;DaGwL tkfO{x¿sf] sfd csf]{Joj:yf geP;Ddsf] nflu :ylut /x]sf] Joxf]/fhfgsf/L u/fOG5 eGg] n]lvPsf] kfOG5 . o;/Llgj]bsn] dfu u/]sf] ljifodf sf/jfxL / lsgf/fgu/L cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L kG5fpFb} kmfon Pslgsfon] csf]{df k7fPsf] t/ s'g} klg lgsfoaf6lgj]bg dfusf] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o xfn;Dd ePsf]eGg] b]lvg cfPg .

!^= lgj]bsx¿n] 5"6 hUuf btf{ ul/kfpFmegL dfu bfjL u/]sf hUufsf] ;e]{ gfkL x'FbflkmN8a'sdf jg h+un n]lvPsf], g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfddf btf{ ;|]:tf sfod eO;s]sf] tyf hUufbtf{ ;ldltn] btf{sf] nflu Ps k6s l;kmfl/zu/] klg k'gM o; ;DaGwdf a'́ ]/ lg0f{o ug'{pko'Qm x'g] egL ;f]xL dfnkf]t sfof{non] ;f]lg0f{o :ylut ug]{ u/L lg0f{o u/]sf] egL ljkIfL

dfnkf]t sfof{non] lnlvt hjfkm nufPsf]b]lvG5 . ca ;f] ;DaGwdf x]bf{ o; cbfntaf6hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6gjif{ !), cÍ !*, k[i7 !! df ljgo u'?jfrfo{lj?4 ^ g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/f;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfælkmN8a'sdf klt{ P]nfgL hlgPs} sf/0faf6 To:tf]hUuf :jtM g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g ;Sg] sfg"gLJoj:yf g/x]sf]æ egL l;4fGt sfod ePsf];d]t kfOG5 . o; ghL/;d]taf6 ljkIfLdfnkf]t sfof{non] lgj]bg bfjLsf] hUuf btf{;DaGwdf lgj]bsn] k]z u/]sf] ;fljs k|df0f;d]tx]/L lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df ;f] adf]lhd lg0f{o gu/Lg]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ ePs} sf/0fsf/jfxLaf6 ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o gu/L To;}klG5g ldNb}g .

!&= To;}u/L g]sfk @)%& lg=g+=^(&@k[i7 $# df df]ltdfof dxh{g;d]t lj?4 dfnkf]tsfof{no l8NnLahf/;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0fsf] l/6dfæ@)$@ ;fnd} lgj]bssf tkm{af6 lgj]bg k/]sf]ljifodf tTsfn sf/jfxL gu/L @)$% ;fndfcfP/ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf gfpFdf btf{ eO{;s]kl5 lgj]bssf] lgj]bg tfd]nLdf /fVg] u/]sf]k|ToyL{ dfnkf]t sfof{no sf7df8f}Fsf] lg0f{oq'l6k"0f{ b]lvFbf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'G5 .ca, lgj]bssf] lgj]bg;d]tsf ;DaGwdfsfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ egL dfnkf]t sfof{nosf7df8f}Fsf gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L x'g]æ eGg]l;4fGt;d]t k|ltkfbg ePsf] kfOG5 .

!&= To;}u/L g]sfk @)%( lg=g+=&)&&k[=!*@ df ejfgL zfx lj?4 dfnkf]t sfof{nohfh/sf]6;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f d'2fdf æJolQmljz]ifsf] hUuf s'g} sf/0fn] ;e]{ gfk hfFr x'FbfTo:tf] JolQmn] cfkm\gf] gfpFdf btf{ u/fpg;s]sf] /x]g5 / sfg"gadf]lhd 5"6 btf{

359359359359359


ul/kfpg lgj]bg lbPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] hUuf;DaGwdf ;f]sf] ;a"b k|df0f a'´L lghsf] xsef]usf] b]lvg cfP sfg"gadf]lhd btf{ u/Llbg'kg]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]x'G5æ egL o; cbfntaf6 l;4fGt k|ltkfbgePsf] kfOG5 .

!*= cbfntsf km};nf cIf/;M kfngfug'{kg]{ egL ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 g]sfk @)$*,cÍ @, lg=g+=$@&#, k[i7 !@& df l;4fGt sfodePsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ sfof{non] Ps k6sul/;s]sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;f]xL sfof{nosf] ;dfgx}l;otsf] sd{rf/Ln] Tof] lg0f{o ab/ ug{ gkfpg]egL g]sfk @)%), cÍ $, lg=g+=$&#@, k[i7@** df l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] b]lvG5 . t;y{o; cbfnt / k'g/fj]bg cbfntnufotaf6k6s–k6s o;} ljifodf d'2f k/L km};nfeO;s]sf] cj:yf b]lvG5 . ;f] km};nfpk/ljkIfLn] s'g} r'gf}lt;d]t lbPsf] b]lvg cfpFb}g .o:tf] cj:yfdf ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{no tyf;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]uaf6 cbfntsf];f] km};nfnfO{ cgb]vf u/L lg0f{o gu/L cfn6fnu/L a:g ldNg] b]lvFb}g .

!(= ;jf ] { Rr cbfntaf6 ePsfkm};nfx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/, ;/sf/L lgsfo /kIfx¿n] sfg"g;/x kfng ug'{kg]{ / tL lgsfox¿;f] km};nf kfngf ug{ afWosf/L x'g] eGg] g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !!^ df pNn]vePsf] kfOG5 . lgj]bs bfjLsf hUuf btf{ x'g]gx'g] ;DaGwdf cljnDa sf/jfxL lsgf/f ul/lbg'egL o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)%$.#.$ dfpTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ePsf] / ;f]cfb]zkZrft\ ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{non] 5"6hUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf sfof{nos} tkm{af6 xsbfjL;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf],

;fw ;+lwof/ /fvL ufpF ;h{ldg u/]sf], sfof{nok|d'vaf6 :ynut lg/LIf0f ePsf], gfkL zfvfsf]:ynut ;h{ldg / gfk gS;f;d]t ePsf],dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 lsQfsf6sf] cfb]z eO{ ;f]hUufsf] lsQfsf6;d]t ePsf] lgj]bssf] gfddfhUuf btf{ ug{ ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl/z;d]t ePsf]/ lgj]bsafx]s c¿sf gfddf btf{ gx'g] u/LhUuf /f]Ssf;d]t /x]sf], lgj]bssf tkm{af6c8\8fnfO{ a'́ fpg' kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;Ssn k|df0fc8\8fsf] dfucg';f/ a'´fO;s]sf] / ldlt@)%^.#.! sf] 5"6 hUuf btf{ ;ldltn] hUufbtf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/L ;s]kl5 klg dfnkf]t P]g,@)#$ sf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdlgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq 5"6 hUuf btf{u/L lbg'kg]{ u/L xbDofbsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]dfnfdf] ;do;Dd ljkIfLx¿ plNnlvt sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] kfngf gu/L lg0f{o gu/L a;]sf]kfOof] .

@)= k|:t't ljifodf l/6 lgj]bg btf{ePkZrft\ cbfntn] k7fPsf] Dofb ;"rgf a'́ ]/klg ljkIfL ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]un]lnlvt hjfkm nufPsf] b]lvPg . ;˜f] lgsfon]o; ljifodf s] s:tf] sf/jfxL ePsf] 5 / s]slt sf/0fn] hUuf btf{ ug{ g;s]sf] xf] ;f];DaGwL cfkm\gf] egfO{ cbfnt;dIf /fVg;SbYof] . t/ To;/L cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 hjfkm klg gk7fpg], hUufbtf{ ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bgsf] ljifodf ;f]lgsfo;d]tsf] sfo{If]q kg]{ eO{ ;f] cfof]un] klgx]b}{ cfPsf]df ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g} sf/jfxL / lg0f{oklg gug]{ ;f] lgsfon] sfg"gadf]lhd cfkm\gf]lhDd]jf/L axg u/]sf] eGg] b]lvPg . t/ lgj]bsn]btf{sf] nflu dfu u/]sf] hUuf ;DaGwdf oltsfw]/} sf/jfxL rnL ;Sbf klg ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of


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;dfwfg cfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / e"ld;'wf/tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&.!@.! sf]kqcg';f/ csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Ddsf] nflu s'g}lsl;dsf] sfd gug'{ gu/fpg' egL lgb]{zg e}cfPsf] x'Fbf hUuf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ csf]{cfb]z geP;Ddsf nflu :ylut ePsf] Joxf]/fhfgsf/L u/fOG5 egL ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg;ldlt s}nfnLn] lgj]bsnfO{ ldlt @)^&.!@.!&sf] kqaf6 hfgsf/L lbPsf] b]lvg cfof] . pQmkq ljkIfLn] s'g sfg"gsf] cfwf/df n]v]sf] xf];f] kqaf6 b]lvg cfPg .

@!= ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]usf]u7g / lj36gsf] s'g} ;Ldf g} 5}g . ;f] cfof]uslxn] cl:yTjdf x'G5, slxn] x'Fb}g . o;sf]sfo{If]q, sfo{ k|s[lt / cl:tTj :yfoL k|s[ltsf]geO{ c:yfoL k|s[ltsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L xfncl:tTjdf g} g/x]sf] ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfgcfof]un] JolQmsf] ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdf cf3ftkg]{ u/L clglZrt ;do;Dd lagf cfwf/ /sf/0f hUuf btf{;DaGwL sfo{ :ylut ug'{ egLn]v]sf] kqnfO{ Gofosf] /f]xdf plrt dfGg;lsFb}g . pQm kq u}/sfg"gL eO{ ab/ x'g] b]lvof] .

@@= t;y{, dfly ljleGg k|s/0fx¿dfljj]lrt cfwf/ / sf/0faf6 lgj]bssf] ;fljsk|df0f / cbfntsf] km};nfaf6 lgj]bg bfjLsf]hUuf btf{ x'g] xf] xf]Og sfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{oug'{kg] {df hUuf btf{;DaGwL sfdsf/jfxLcgGtsfn;Dd /f]Ssf /fVg] u/L e"ld;'wf/ tyfJoj:yf dGqfno Pj+ ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfgcfof]usf] ldlt @)^&.!@.! sf] kqsf] cfwf/dfldlt @)^&.!@.!& df ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfgcfof]u lhNnf ;ldlt s}nfnLn] n]vsf] kqu}/sfg"gL b]lvFbf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ul/lbPsf] 5 . ca lgj]bsn] btf{ ul/kfpFm egL

bfjL u/]sf] hUuf lgj]bssf] ;fljs k|df0f /cbfntsf] k"j{ km};nfadf]lhd lgj]bssf] gfddfbtf{ x'g] gx'g] s] xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd cfjZos hf] h] a'‰g' kg]{ xf] a'́ Lof] cfb]zk|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] # dlxgfleqsfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ egL ljkIfL dfnkf]tsfof{no s}nfnLsf] gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] 7x5{ . of] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/LdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t ljkIfLx¿nfO{lbO{ k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/Lldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'́ fO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn df3 * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\–––Ohnf; clws[t– sdn/fh lai6

lg0f{o g+=*(&% lg0f{o g+=*(&% lg0f{o g+=*(&% lg0f{o g+=*(&% lg0f{o g+=*(&%


dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{l/6 lgj]bg g+= )^(–WH–))$$

cfb]z ldltM@)^(.!).!(.^

ljifo M– aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f .

lgj]bsM ef/t pQ/k|b]z /fHo, ;Dan lhNnf,kmQ]k'/ t]xl;n, lugp/ ufpF :yfoL 3/

&&&&&

361361361361361

*(&% –*(&% –*(&% –*(&% –*(&% – ;]jf/fd lj=k"jf{~rn If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no ;d]t

eO{ xfn l;/fxf lhNnf, a]nxfs6[L ufpFl:yt ç O{6f e6[fdf sfo{/t\ ;]jf/fd

lj?4ljkIfLM k"jf{~rn If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no ;d]t

§ cbfntn] d'2fsf] sf/jfxL ubf{ ;w}F /;a} cj:yfdf lnvtdf k'¥ofpg' kg]{/Lt j]/Lt h:tf sfo{ljlwut k|lqmofdfdfq ;Lldt /lx/xg ;Sb}g . JolQmsf]j}olQms :jtGqtfdf uDeL/ cf3ft x'g]u/L u}/sfg"gL Pj+ cdfgjLo ¿kdf aGbLagfOPsf] eGg] lnlvt ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf]cj:yfdf cbfntn] Goflos ;lqmotfckgfO{ d'2fsf] sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg;Ifd x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=@_§ >ldsx¿nfO{ aGws agfO{ hj/\h:tL;Fu

sfddf nufpg] h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g dfq geP/g]kfn kIf /fi6« ePsf] cGt/f{li6«odxf;lGwx¿, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# Pj+ k|rlnt >d;DaGwL sfg"gsf]k|lts"n ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=(_§ sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] lgo'lQm u/L

O6fe6[fnufotsf sf/vfgfx¿dfsfdbf/x¿nfO { >d;DaGwLsfg"gadf]lhd sfddf nufOPsf] 5 5}geGg] ;DaGwdf sf/vfgf lg/LIfsaf6lgoldt cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f u/Lsfg"gk|lts"nsf] sfo{ ePsf] cj:yfdftTsfn cfjZos sf/jfxL x'g ;s]dfO{6f pTkfbg ug]{ O{+6fe6[fdf ePh:tf

u}/sfg"gL sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g ;Sg] x'G5 .hf] cfjZos / /fHosf] bfloTjsf]ljifoleq kg]{ .

§ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ^^ adf]lhdsf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] lgo'lQm xfn;DdePsf] 5 5}g lgo'lQm gePsf] ePoyfzL3| lgo'lQm ug]{ / lgo'lQm eO;s]sf]eP klg sf/vfgf lg/LIfsaf6 O{+6fe6[fnufotsf sf/vfgfx¿df >d P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf ̂ & Pj+ >d lgodfjnL,@)%) sf] lgod %$ df plNnlvtljifox¿sf cltl/Qm >d;DaGwL cGok|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngf eP geP;DaGwdf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf lgoldtcg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f u/L u/fO{ >d;DaGwL sfg"gsf] pNn+3g ePsf] kfOPdfcfjZos sf/jfxL ug'{ u/fpg' egLg]kfn ;/sf/ >d tyf /f ]huf/dGqfnosf gfddf lgb]{zgfTds cfb]zhf/L x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!&_lgj]bs tkm{af6MljkIfL tkm {af6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf

/fh]Gb|s'df/ >]i7 PJ+ ljåfg clwjQmfåoclUg v/]n / ljgf]b >]i7

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)%&, lg=g+=^(&@ k[i7 $#

;Da4 sfg"gM§ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]

lgod @%§ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !^, @@= @&,

$!, $@ / *$s=


362362362362362

cfb]zk|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd o; cbfntsf] clwsf/If]qleqsf]eO{ bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] tYo /cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5M–

d l/6 lgj]bs l;/fxf lhNnf, a]nxfs6[LufpF l:yt ç O{6f e6[fdf >ldssf ¿kdfsfo{/t\ /x]sf] 5' . ljkIfLx¿ dWo]sf ç O{6fe6[fsf ;fem]bf/ df]tL eGg] JolQm, ;~rfnsx¿/fdk|;fb / ljho eGg] JolQm, 7]s]bf/ ;'a]d08n ;d]tsf JolQmx¿n] w/dGtLnufotsf^$ hgf JolQmx¿nfO{ hj/\h:tL aGws agfO{afFwf >ldssf ¿kdf /fv]sfn] aGws agfPsf]:yfg l;/fxf lhNnf a]nxfs6[L ufpF l:yt çO{6fe6[fdf :ynut lg/LIf0f u/L aGws agfOPsf>ldsx¿nfO{ ToxfFaf6 l/xf u/fO{ k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd kmf}hbf/L s;"/df cg';Gwfgk|lqmof cl3 a9fpg cfjZos cfb]z ;d]thf/L u/L kfpg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd of] lgj]bgug{ cfPsf] 5' .

d lgj ]bs ;d ]tsf aGbLx¿ /ljkIfLx¿ aLrdf ç O{6f e6[fdf k|lt Psxhf/ O{6fsf] ?=!,$)).– df sRrf O{6f agfpg]zt{df s/f/ ePsf] lyof] . To;kZrft\ lgj]bs;d]tsf aGbLx¿ O{6f e6[fdf k'uL s/f/sf]zt{gfdfcg';f/ sfd ug{ yfNof}+ . ToxfF sfdub}{ hfFbf hDdf ?=%@,))).– sf] sfd ;DkGgeO;s]sfn] /sdsf] e'QmfgL dfUbf O{6f e6[f;~rfnsx¿n] ljleGg axfgf agfO{ e'QmfgLdflanDa ul//x]sf lyP . o;} aLr /sdsf]e'QmfgL lbg / pQm :yfg 5f8L cfkm\gf] 3/hfg lbg egL k6sk6s cg'/f]w u/]sf lyof}+ .

t/ ljkIfLx¿n] /sd e'QmfgL klg glbg] /3/ hfg klg glbg] pN6} s'6kL6 ;d]t u/]/xfn;Dd aGbL agfO{ lagf s'g} kfl/>ldsrsf]{ 3fddf sfd u/fO{ /x]sf 5g\ . lghljkIfLx¿n] O{6f agfPsf] s'/fsf] ekf{O{ cfkm\gf]lstfadf hgfPsf 5}gg\ eg] klxn] g} lk|G6u/L /flvPsf] sfuhdf ;xL u/fP/ /fv]sf5g\ . o;sf] gfhfoh kmfObf ljkIfLx¿n] lng;Sg] hf]lvd klg /x]sf] 5 . cGt/\/fHo >ldsa;fO{ ;/fO{ Ifltk"lt{ P]gsf] k|fjwfgcg';f/>ldsx¿nfO{ a;fO ;/fO{ u/fpg cg'dltkqx 'g ' kg ] { a f Wo f Tds Joj:yf ePsf ]d fljkIfLx¿;Fu To:tf] cg'dlt kq 5}g .

ljkIfL O{6f e6[f ;~rfnsx¿af6aGbLx¿nfO{ lgu/fgL ug{ lghL ;'/IffsdL{ /fvLTo; :yfgaf6 sxLF st} hfg glbO{ y'gfdf /flvPsf]5 . lgj]bs / aGbLx¿nfO{ olb ToxfFaf6 efUgvf]h]df df/Llbg] wDsL ;d]t lbb} cfPsf 5g\ .ljkIfLx¿n] sd}of >d lgif]w ug]{ P]gsf] afWofTdsk|fjwfgx¿sf] pNn+3g u/]sf 5g\ . lghljkIfLx¿n] laut Ps dlxgfb]lv aGbLx¿nfO{u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf sd}of >ldssf ¿kdfkfl/>lds glbO{ /fvL g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# n] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwLk|fjwfgx¿sf] ;d]t pNn+3g u/]sfn] To;cfwf/df klg ljkIfLx¿nfO{ d'2f rnfOg'kg]{cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lj/fdL cj:yfdf /x]sfaGbLx¿nfO{ cf}iflw pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gu/La]jf:tf u/]sf sf/0faf6 aGbLx¿sf] hLjg vt/fdf/x]sf] 5 . aGbLx¿;Fu /fzg vl/b ug]{ /sdklg 5}g . aGbLx¿nfO{ ljkIfLx¿sf] u}/sfg"gL/ b'isfo{k"0f{ y'gfaf6 d'Qm gul/Pdf ef]sd/Laf6dg'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] vt/f /x]sf] 5 . a:gsfnf lu plrt k |jGw u/L aGbLsf

363363363363363


afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lzIffnufot cGo cfjZos;'lawf klg k|bfg u/]sf 5}gg\ . o; ljifodfljkIfLx¿ dWo]sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no l;/fxf / k|x/L pk/LIfs, lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no l;/fxf ;d]tnfO{ ldlt @)^(.*.#df hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] t/ s'g} sf/jfxLcufl8 ga9fPsfn] ljkIfLx¿nfO{ klg k|:t'tl/6df ljkIfL agfOPsf] 5 .

d l/6 lgj]bs ljkIfLx¿sf] aGwsaf6pDsg ;kmn eO{ xfn aflx/ /x]sf] / d lgj]bssf5f]/L, alxgL, HjfO{, elthf, glhssf] gft]bf/ /;Fu} sfd ug]{ ;xsdL{ ljkIfLx¿af6 aGbLcj:yfdf /x]sf] / aGbLx¿sf] hLjg hf]lvddf/x]sf]n] ;L3| l/xfOsf] nflu o; afx]s csf]{k|efjsf/L / l56f] 5l/tf] pkrf/ ljlw g/x]sfn]k|:t't lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' .

t;y{, lhNnf k |zf;g sfof {no,l;/fxfsf gfddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L cfFkm}jf lghåf/f cfkm\gf] dftxtsf] s'g} clwsf/Lv6fO{ ç O{6f e6[fdf t'?Gt lg/LIf0f u/Ljf:tljQmf a'´L olb lgj]bgdf p7fOP h:tf]cj:yf /x]sf] eP tTsfn aGwsaf6 d'Qm ug'{/ ljkIf L Jo lQmx¿sf lj?4 k |r lntsfg"gadf]lhd kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg k|lqmofyfngL ug'{ egL lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonfO{lgb]{zg lbg' egL cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;fy}ljkIfLx¿ dWo]sf ç O{6f e6[fsf ;fem]bf/df]tL eGg] JolQm, ;~rfnsx¿ /fdk|;fb /ljho eGg] JolQm, 7]s]bf/ ;'a] d08n ;d]tsfJo lQmx¿, ltgLx¿sf sd {rf/ Lx¿ /;'/IffsdL{x¿sf lj?4 k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdd'2f bfo/ ug'{ egL cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf ]/fsf ] l/6 lgj]bs ;]jf/fdn];DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLznfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L

c+u|]hL efiffdf x'nfsaf6 k|]lift u/]sf] kqnfO{g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb u/L btf{ ePsf] l/6lgj]bgkq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKtePsf ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s-#_ tLglbgleq ljkIfLx¿ k"jf{~rn If]qLo k|zf;gsfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l;/fxf /lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no l;/fxfn] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfo{nodfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egL /ljkIfLx¿ ç O{6f e6[fsf ;fem]bf/ df]tL eGg]JolQm, ;~rfnsx¿ /fdk|;fb / ljho eGg]JolQm, 7]s]bf/ ;'a] d08nn] cfkm} jf cfkm\gf]sfg"gadf]lhdsf] k|ltlglwdfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkmlnO{ pkl:yt x'g' egL ;"rgf k7fO{ lnlvthjfkm k/]kl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/ug'{ .

;fy} lgj]bg Joxf]/faf6 7"nf] ;+Vofdflagf d~h"/L vfglkgsf] oyf]lrt\ Joj:yf ;d]tgu/L hj/\h:tL y'gfsf] l:yltdf /fvL sfdu/fPsf] / tT;DaGwL u'gf;f]sf] ;Daf]wg ;d]t;Dal Gwt lgsfon ] gu/ ]sf ] eGb }aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z dfu u/]sf] b]lvPsf]5 . o:tf] k|s[ltsf] ;d:ofdf s'g} lsl;dsf]lanDa ug{ gldnL tTsfn hfFra'´ u/LcfjZostfcg';f/ /fxt;lxt lgsf;f lbg'kg]{l:ylt b]lvPsfn] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f ;fFrf]] 55}g, lgj]bg Joxf]/fadf]lhd aGws agfO{ sfddfnufPsf] cj:yf ;d]t xf] xf]Og, ;f] ;DaGwdfcfjZos ;'/Iff d2t;lxt cljnDa ljjflbtsfo{:yndf k|j]z u/L hf] h;nfO{ a'‰g'k5{a'´L, vfglkg a;f]af; / sfo{:ynsf] zt{ /jftfj/0f ;d]tsf] af/]df k|ltj]bg ug]{, tTsfnvfglkgsf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf nQfsk8f /


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a;f]jf; c;fWo lsl;dsf] b]lvPdf ;DalGwtO{6fe6[fsf] dflnss} vr{df tTsfn Joj:yfug{ nufpg], ;f] x'g g;s]df :yfgLo k|zf;gcyf {t \ k |d 'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;d]tsf ];+of]hsTjdf cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ nufpg],;f] ug{ gdfg]df jf x'g g;s]df tTsfn ug{'kg]{hf] rflxg] Joj:yf u/L cfjZos sf/jfxL Pj+Joj:yf ug{ o; cbfntdf lgsf;fsf] nflun]vL k7fpg] ;d]tsf] sfd ug]{ u/L l;/fxflhNnf cbfntsf ;| ]:t]bf/nfO{ hfFra'´clws[tsf] ¿kdf sfd ug{ tf]sL k7fpg] /pQm sfd @-b'O{_ lbgleq ;DkGg u/L k|ltj]bgug'{ egL l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntnfO{ n]vL k7fO{cfufdL df3 #-tLg_ ut] k]z ug'{ eGg] o;cbfnt Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;sf] ldlt@)^(.(.@& sf] cfb]z .

ldlt @)^(.!).! ut] k | ltj ]bsb'uf{axfb'/ e';fnsf] g]t[Tjdf tx;Lnbf/, zfvfclws[t ;d]tsf] cbfntsf] 6f]nL / k|d'vlhNnf clwsf/L, k|x/L pk/LIfs ;d]tsf] 6f]nLa]Nxfs6[L ufpFl:yt ç O{6fe6[f /x]sf] :yfgdfk ' luof ] . kL l8tx¿; Fusf ] s '/ fsfgLdfkLl8tx¿nfO{ k|lt O{+6f ?=!=$) -Ps ¿kofFrfln; k};f_ lbg] elgPsf]df zt{cg';f/ k};fglbPsf], O{6f pTkfbg ubf{ ;D´f}tf eGbf a9L>d vlrg'{ k/]sf], sfd u/]sf] Hofnf O{6fpTkfbgcg';f/ glbPsf], Hofnf dfUbf pN6}wDSofpg] s'6\g] lk6\g] u/]sf], vfg a:gsf] nfluplrt k|aGw gePsf], cf]9\g] cf]5ofpg] Joj:yfgePsf], cf}iflw pkrf/ gePsf], >ldsdlxnfx¿nfO{ O{ +6fe6[fsf dflns kIfsfdflg;x¿ sfo{:yndf of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{u/]sf], s'g} klg zt{df O{6fe6[fdf a;L sfdug]{ OR5f gePsf] / cfkm\gf] 3/ -ef/t_ kms{g

rfx]sf] s'/f kLl8tx¿sf] egfO{ /x]sf] kfOof] .kLl8tx¿n] cfkm\gf s'/f eGbf ;a}sf cfFvfaf6cfF;' alu/x]sf], afnjRrf / a'9fj'9Lx¿ ?3fvf]sLn] u|:t /x]sf, a:g] 7fpF Ps;/f] sfFrf]O{6fn] af/]sf] pleg ;d]t gldNg] ;fgf] /x]sf],aRrfx¿nfO{ ;d]t sfddf nufO{ afn>d zf]if0fePsf] ;d]t b]lvof] . O{+6f e6[fsf ;~rfnsljhon] kLl8tx¿sf] cf/f]k skf]nslNkt ePsf]eg] tfklg kLl8tx¿k|lt u/]sf] Joaxf/s'/fsfgLaf6 kLl8tx¿nfO{ hj/\h:tLk"j{saGws agfO{ sfddf nufPsf] / lgj]bgdfplNnlvt Joxf]/f ;a} ;To ePsf] nfUof] .

kLl8tx¿ Psl5g klg ToxfF a:ggrfx]sf], tTsfn vfglkgsf] Joj:yf klg gePsf],lr;f] df};d ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ u/L k|x/L,k|zf;g tyf xfdL uPsf 6f]nL ;d]tsf] ;Nnfx/ ;'́ fjadf]lhd kLl8t ;a}nfO{ ldlt @)^(.!).!ut] a]n'sL $=#) ah]lt/ aGwsd'Qm u/L l;/fxf;b/d'sfddf Nofpg] sfd eof ] . xfnkLl8tx¿nfO{ cfjZos ;'/Iffsf ;fy g]kfn/]8qm; ;f];fO6L l;/fxf zfvfdf /flvPsf], :yfgLoc:ktfndfkm{t\ xfn kLl8tx¿sf] :jf:Yo pkrf/u/fpg] sfo{ eO{/x]sf], cf]9\g] cf]5\ofpg] tyfvfg] Joj:yf xfn l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf];lqmotfdf eO/x]sf] 5 . kLl8tx¿ ;a} ef/tLogful/s ePsf] / lghx¿ ;a}sf] cfkm\gf] 3/kms{g] rfxgf /x]sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t ;fb/ cg'/f]w5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf;|]:t]bf/ b'uf{axfb'/ e';fnsf] ldlt @)^(.!).@sf] k|ltj]bg .

o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^(.(.@& sf]cfb]zadf]lhd l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf;|]:t]bf/n] 36gf:ynsf] hfFra'´ u/L k7fPsf]k|ltj]bg Joxf]/f ;d]taf6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v

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ePadf]lhdsf >ldsx¿nfO{ O{6fe6[f sf/vfgfn]lghx¿sf] OR5fljk/Lt Hofnf;d]t k"/f glbO{sfo{:yndf vfg]a:g] Pj+ nQfsk8f cflbsf]Go"gtd\ aGbf]a:t ;d]t gldnfO{ tyf ;'/Iff;d]t glbO{ >d zf]if0f Pj+ of}g b'Jo{jxf/;d]tsf] gfh's cj:yfdf aGws agfO{ /fv]sf]/ lgh >ldsx¿n] ToxfFaf6 5'6\sf/f kfpgdfu u/]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;/L hj/\h:tLaGws agfO{ sfddf nufpg' aGbL;/xsf] cj:yfb]lvPsf] e} hfFra'´ clws[t ;d]tsf] 6f]nLn];DalGwt aGws agfOPsf JolQmx¿sf]OR5fg';f/ aGwsd'Qm u/L cbfnts} ;lqmotfdfg]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L l;/xfdf cf>o lbO{vfglkg Pj+ :jf:Yo pkrf/ ul/Psf] eGg] ;d]tb]lvPsf]n] lghx¿nfO{ aGbL;/xsf] To:tf]cj:yfdf lg/Gt/ /xg lbg jf oyfjt\ cj:yfdf5f8\g ;d]t ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] tL >ldsx¿n]OR5f u/]df sfuh u/fO{ lghx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf]b]z ef/t k|:yfg ug{ g]kfn ef/t ;Ldf;Ddkof{Kt ;'/Iff Joj:yf ldnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zdfk'g/fudgsf nflu ;xof]u lbO{ k7fpg] Joj:yfug'{kg]{ b]lvof] . o; qmddf lgj]bsnufotsf>ldsx¿n] sfd u/]sf] O{6fe6[faf6 kfpg' kg]{/sdsf] xsdf O{6fe6[f dflnsaf6 tTsfnlbnfpg ;Sg] eP ;f] sfddf ;xof]u ug]{ / ;f]x 'g g;s]df klg ;DalGwt >ldsx¿n]sfg"gadf]lhd e/fO{ kfpg pko'Qm pkrf/ vf]Hg;Sg] g} x'Fbf k|:t't lgj]bgsf] /f]xdf lgj]bgdfplNnlvt JolQmx¿nfO{ aGws ;/xsf] l:yltdfaGbL agfO{ /fv]sf] b]lvFbf lghx¿nfO{ ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #^adf]lhd aGws cj:yfaf6 d'Qm u/L cfkm\gf]b]z k|:yfg ug{ ldq/fi6« ef/tsf] ;LdfjtL{k|zf;g;Fu ;d]t cfjZos ;dGjo u/L

lghx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff;fy g]kfn ;Ldf kf/ ug{lbO{ ;f] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;f]sf] k|ltj]bgo; cbfntdf k7fpg' egL l;/xf lhNnfcbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/nfO{ n]vL k7fpg" / pQmsfo{df cfjZos kg]{ k|zf;lgs tyf cGoJoj:yfksLo ;/;xof]u ;lqmo ¿kdf pknAwu/fpg' egL k"jf{~rn If]qLo k|zf;s tyfl;/xf lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ ;d]tn]vL k7fO{ ;|]:t]bf/sf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5ldl;n;fy /fvL lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg]o; cbfntsf ] ;+o 'Qm Ohnf;sf ] ldlt@)^(.!).# sf] cfb]z .

l /6 lgj ]bgdf pNn ]v ul/Psfw/dGtL;lxtsf ^$ hgf JolQmx¿nfO{ aGbLagfOPsf] ;DaGwdf O{+6fe6[f / sfdbf/x¿ aLrsf]s/f/ Pj+ sfdaf/] :yfgLo k|zf;gdf o; k"j{s]xL hfgsf/L gePsf], ;DdfgLt cbfntdfl/6 lgj]bg bfo/ eO{ cfb]z ePkZrft\ ldlt@)^(.!).! ut] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, k|x/Lpk/LI fs / l;/xf lhNnf cbfntsf;|]:t]bf/;lxtsf] 6f]nL ;DalGwt O{+6fe6[f /x]sf]:yfgdf cjnf]sg ug{ uO{ aGbL agfOPsfelgPsf JolQm w/dGtL;d]tsf ^$ hgfJolQmnfO{ p2f/ u/L l;/xf lhNnfl:yt g]kfn/]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf] ejgdf vfglkg / ;'Tg];d]tsf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfO{ /flvPsf] 5 .O{+6fe6[f wgLnfO{ cGt/\/fHo >lds a;fO{ ;/fO{Ifltk"lt{ P]g, wDsL lj?4sf] sf/jfxL / sd}of>d lgif]w ug]{ P]gnufotsf sfg"gadf]lhdbfo/ btf{ u/L rnfpg'kg]{ d'2fsf ;DaGwdfO{6fe6[f wgL nufotsf s;"/bf/x¿nfO{sfg"gadf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g] Joxf]/f cjutu/fp F5 ' . O {6fe6 [ fdf sfd ug { cfpg ]sfdbf/x¿n] k|zf;gdf lbg'kg]{ ;"rgf glbPsf]


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sf/0f k|zf;g ;';"lrt x'g g;s]sf] x'Fbflghx¿n] hf]/hj/\h:tL sfddf ;+nUg x'gk/]sf]cj:yf /x]sf] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpFb5' . aGwsdf/flvPsf elgPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zdfk7fpg]tkm{ kxn z'¿ eO;s]sf] Joxf]/f;DdfgLt cbfnt;dIf cg'/f ]w ub} { o;sfof{nonfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ ul/Psf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfpg ;fb/ cg'/f]wub{5' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no l;/xfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lw'|jk|;fb 9sfnsf] lnlvt hfjkm .

ef/tLo dhb ' / , dlxnf /afnjflnsfnfO{ aGws agfPsf] ;DaGwdfsf/jfxLsf] nflu l/6 lgj]bs tyf s'g} ;+3;+:yf yf jf gful/s ;dfh ;d]taf6 o;sfof{nodf ph"/L jf ;"rgf u/]sf] gb]lvPsf];fy} cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu s'g} c8\8fcbfnt jf sfof{no ;d]taf6 kqfrf/ ;d]tg/x] gePsf] x'Fbf ;f] ;DaGwdf o; sfof{nonfO{hfgsf/L x'g ;s]g . pQm 36gfsf ;DaGwdfldlt @)^(.(.@( ut] ;DdfgLt l;/xf lhNnfcbfntsf] r=g+= #&*# sf] ;'/Iff v6fO{ k7fO{lbg] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] kq o; sfof{nodf k|fKtx'g cfPsf] x'Fbf ldlt @)^(.!).! ut] k|d'vlhNnf clwsf/L, o; sfof{nosf sfof{no k|d'vtyf l;/xf lhNnf cbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/;lxtsf]6f]nL ;DalGwt O{+6fe6[f /x]sf] :yfgdf :ynutcjnf]sg ug{ uO{ aGbL agfOPsf elgPsfJolQm w/dGtL ;d]tsf ^$ hgf JolQmx¿nfO{p4f/ u/L l;/xf l:yt g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf]ejgdf vfg] a:g]sf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfO{/flvPsf] 5 . o; sfof{noaf6 aGws agfPsf]/ oftgf lbPsf] gx'Fbf o; sfof{nosf] xsdfbfo/ u/]sf] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 lgj]bg

vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no l;/fxfsf k|x/L pk/LIfs ljqmdu'?ªsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

xfdL lnlvt hjfkm k|:t'tstf{x¿ l;/fxflhNnf, a]Nxf uf=lj=;=, j8f g+= % df :yfoL 3/a;f]jf; u/L ;fdfGo k]zf Joj;fo u/L cfPsfgful/sx¿ xf}F . o; qmddf bLlnks'df/ k'j]{sf]gfddf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no l;/fxfdfldlt @)^^.!).@ df æ/fd hfgsL O{6f pBf]uægfds kmd{ btf{ u/L ;f ]́bf/Ldf ç c+lstO{+6f pTkfbg u/L Joj;fo ;~rfng u/L cfPsf5f}+ . O{6f pBf]u ;~rfng u/L cfpg] qmddfpBf]u ;~rfngfy{ cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm7]s]bf/dfkm{t\ pknJw x'g] ePsf]n] ;'j] d08n,O/kmfg cnL, ;/km/fh vfg ;d]tsf 7]s]bf/dfkm{t\lgj]bsnufotsf JolQmx¿ O{6f pBf]udf cfO{sfd ug{ :j]R5fk"j{s a;]sf x'g\ . cfk;L;xdltcg';f/ sRrf O{+6f agfpg] sfddf nfu]nufPsf] tYok|lt Ps xhf/ O{6fsf] ?=!,$)).–df sRrf O{6f agfpg] zt{df s/f/ ePsf] egLlgj]bgdf g} pNn]v ePsf]af6 k'li6 ePsf] 5 .lgj]bs ;d]tsf JolQmx¿nfO{ sfddf Nofpg]7]s]bf/x¿n] s]xL /sd cu|Ld e'QmfgL a'́ LlnPsf] / ;f] a/fa/sf] sfd gu/L ljkIfL lgj]bs;d]tsf JolQmx¿ sfd 5f8L hfg nfu]sf]dfe'QmfgL /sdcg';f/sf] sfd ug{ O{+6f pBf]u;~rfnssf] tkm{af6 cg'/f]w ubf{ hj/\h:tLaGws agfO{ /fv]sf] egL cbfntnfO{ ;d]tu'd/fxdf kf/L bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5 .

xfdLaf6 cGt/\/fHo >lds a;fO{ ;/fO{Ifltk"lt{ P]g, sd}of >d lgif]w ug]{ P]gnufotsfsfg"g ljk/Ltsf s'g} sfo{ ePsf] 5}g .lgj]bsx¿ 7]s]bf/dfkm{t\ cfPsfn] lghx¿ s'g

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b]zsf afl;Gbf x'g\ egL k"j{ hfgsf/L gePsf]/ lghx¿ :j]R5fk"j{s O{6f agfpg] sfddfnfu]sf] x'Fbf xfdLn] s'g} kmf}hbf/L s;"/ u/]sf5}gf}+ . xfdLn] lgj]bsnufotsf JolQmx¿nfO{hj/\h:tL aGbL agfO{ afwf >ldssf] ¿kdfsfddf nufPsf 5}gf}+ . xfd|f] O{6f pBf]udf s'g}klg afnjflnsfx¿nfO{ sfddf nufO{ afn>dzf]if0f ul/Psf] cj:yf 5}g . sfdbf/x¿n]cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ ;d]t NofO{ ;fy} /fVg] u/]af6pBf]u kl/;/df afnjflnsfx¿ b]lvPsf x'g\ .O{+6f pBf]udf sfd ug]{ dlxnf sfdbf/x¿ pk/xfdL ;~rfnsx¿ tyf pBf]udf sfo{/tsd{rf/Lx¿af6 s'g} k|sf/sf] of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ePsf] cj:yf ;d]t 5}g . lgj]bs ;d]tsfJolQmx¿n] O{6f pBf]udf c:yfoL k|s[ltn]l;hgcg'¿k 7]Ssfsf] lx;fjn] sfd ug]{ /cfkm\gf] ;fydf afnjRrfnfO{ c:yfoL ¿kd}/fVg] ePaf6 lgh afnjflnsfx¿sf] nflulzIffnufotsf ;'lawf k|bfg ug]{ cj:yf g/x]sf]xf] . O{+6f pBf]udf sfo{/t\ sfdbf/x¿sf nflua;f]jf; vfgkfg nufotsf cfjZos Go"gtd;'ljwfx¿ pknJw u/fPsf 5f}+ . t;y{, e'QmfgL/sdcg';f/ sfd gu/L kms{g] p2]Zon]skf]nslNkt tYox¿ pNn]v u/L k|:t't lgj]bgbfo/ u/]sf]df lgh lgj]bs;d]tsf JolQmx¿xfn ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cfb]zcg';f/O{6f pBf]uaf6 lgsfnL ;kl/jf/ ;s'zn cfkm\gf]b]z kmls;{s]sf] cj:yfdf k|:t't lgj]bgsf]cf}lrTo ;d]t g/x]sf] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfLx¿/fdk|;fb k'j]{, ljhos'df/ d08n / df]tLnfn>]i7sf] ;+o'Qm lnlvt hjfkm .

;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^(.!).# df ePsf] cfb]z km\ofS;dfkm{t\

ldlt @)^(.!).# ut] k|fKtePkl5 cfb]zfg';f/O{6fe6[faf6 p4f/ u/L NofPsf >ldsx¿nfO{cfkm\gf] b]z ef/t k'g/fudgsf nflu ;xof]ulbO{ k7fpg] Joj:yf ug{ lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no l;/fxf ;d]tnfO{ cfb]zsf] hfgsf/Lu/fOof] . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l;/fxfaf6ldq/fi6« ef/tsf] ;LdfjtL{ k|zf;gnfO{ kqfrf/ug]{ sfo{ eof] . df3 $ ut] >ldsx¿nfO{;Ldf;Dd k'¥ofpg] tof/L u/]sf]df ef/tLokIfaf6 s'g } hfgsf/L gcfPsf ]n ] ldlt@)^(.!).$ ut] >ldsx¿nfO{ ef/tLo;Ldf;Dd k'¥ofpg] sfo{ x'g ;s]g . pQm lbg>ldsx¿nfO{ lhNnf cbfntsf] ;lqmotfdfrGb| pRr df=lj= sf] sIffsf]7fdf /fvLvfgkfgsf] Joj:yf ul/of] . ldlt @)^(.!).%ut ] k lg ef/t Lo ;Ld f k |z f;gaf6>ldsx¿nfO{ a'‰g s'g} clwsf/L gcfPsf] />ldsx¿af6 cfkm"nfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy ;Ldf;Ddk'¥ofO lbP 3/ hfg;Sg] egfO{ cfPsf] lyof] .7"nf] ;Vofdf /x]sf >ldsx¿nfO{ nfdf];do;Dd /fVg ;'/Iff Pj + vfgkfgsf ]b [li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t cK7]/f ] x'g] ;d]tsfs'/fx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/L gful/s ;dfh tyfkqsf/ ;d]tsf] cu'jfO{ / ef/tLo ;Ldf If]qsf/fhgLlt1 tyf ;dfh;]jLx¿nfO{ ;d]t/f]xj/df /fvL lhNnf dw'jgL, k|v08 hogu/-ef/t_ k~rfot, j]xnL k"jL{ 3/ sDnfaf/Lsfd'lvof ef]nf ofbjnfO{ ldlt @)^(.!).% ut]lbpF;f] @=)) ah] a'´fpg] sfo{ eof] .;LdfIf]q;Dd k'¥ofpg g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 k|x/Lk|zf;gsf k|d'v tyf ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf ;fy}dfggLo lhNnf GofofwLzHo"x¿ eLds'df/cf]´f, ljZjd+un cfq]o, ch'{gk|;fb sf]O/fnf/ ;|]:t]bf/ k'u]sf lyof}+ . a'´fpg] sfo{ ;DkGg


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ePkl5 afnjRrf;lxtsf >ldsx¿nfO{;Ldfkf/Lsf] uf8Ldf r9fO{ tL uf8Lx¿lx8]kl5 dfq xfdLx¿ kms{g] sfd eof] .>ldsx¿nfO{ kfFr lbg;Dd l;/fxfdf /fVbfePsf] vr{ tyf 3/ hfgsf] nflu oftfoftvr{afktsf] /sd O{6fe6[f ;~rfnssf] tkm{af6k6sk6s u/L hDdf ?=%$,))).– pknJwu/fOPsf] lyof] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] l;/fxflhNnf cbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/ b'uf{axfb'/ e';fnsf]o; cbfntdf k]z ePsf] ldlt @)^(.!).^sf] bf];|f] k|ltj]bg .

l/6 lgj]bgdf plNnlvt w/dGtL;d]tsf ^$ hgf JolQmx¿ l;/fxf lhNnfa]nxfs6[L ufpF l:yt ç O{6fe6[fdf sfd u/]sf;DaGwdf :yfgLo k|zf;gdf k"j{ hfgsf/LgePsf], aGbL agfPsf] 5 egL ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rrcbfntdf lgj]bg k/L ;DdfgLt cbfntaf6ldlt @)^(.(.@& df ePsf] cfb]z k|fKtePkl5o; sfof{nosf If]qLo k|zf;ssf] lgb]{zgdfldlt @)^(.!).! df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ll;/fxf, k|x/L pk/LIfs l;/fxf / l;/fxf lhNnfcbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/ ;lxtsf] 6f]nL ;DalGwtO{6fe6[fdf :ynut cjnf]sg ug{ uO{ w/dGtL;d]tsf ^$ hgfnfO{ ;s'zn p4f/ u/L NofO{g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf] ejgdf vfglkg;'Tg] ;d]tsf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfO{ /flvPsf]5 . ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 w/dGtL;d]tsf ^$ hgf JolQmx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf]OR5fcg';f/ pgLx¿sf] b]zdf k|j]z ug]{ Joj:yfldnfpg] cfb]z k|fKt eO;s]sfn] ;f] cfb]zsfof{Gjog ug{ ldlt @)^(.!).# df If]qLok|zf;s :jo+ g} l;/fxf lhNnfdf uO{ k|d'vlhNnf clwsf/Ldfkm{t\ ef/t dw'jgL lhNnfsfdlhi6«]6nfO{ kq n]lv;lsPsf] 5 . aGws

agfOPsf elgPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ O{6fe6[faf6p4f/ u/L NofO{ pgLx¿sf] OR5f cg';f/ cfkm\gf]b]zdf k7fpg]tkm{ sfo{ cufl8 al9;s]sf] x'Fbflgj]bg dfucg';f/ yk cfb]z x'g'kg]{ gb]lvPsf]x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k"jf{~rnIf]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no wgs'6fsf If]qLo k|zf;shgfb{g g]kfnsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfljkIfL O{6fe6[f ;~rfnssf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg clwjQmfåo >L clUg v/]n / >L ljgf]b>]i7n] lgj]bs ;d]tsf sfdbf/x¿ 7]s]bf/dfkm{t\cfO{ k|ltPs xhf/ sfFrf] O{6f agfPsf] ?=!$)).–¿kofF lng] u/L :j]R5fk"j{s ;D´f}tf u/L sfdu/]sf x'g . ;+́ f}tfcg'¿k sfdafktsf] /sd7]s]bf/dfkm{t\ cUl/d e'QmfgL a'́ L nu]sf] cj:yfdfsfdbf/x¿n] sfd 5f8L hfg vf]h]sf]n] e'QmfgLePsf] /sdadf]lhdsf] sfd u/Llbg cg'/f]w;Ddu/]sf] xf] . sfdbf/x¿nfO{ aGws agfO{OR5fljk/Lt sfddf nufPsf] xf]Og . vfgkfg /af; a:g] plrt Joj:yf u/L sfg"g;Ddt\ ¿kdfsfd u/]sf x'g\ . xfn ;a} sfdbf/x¿ ;DdfgLtcbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd O{6f pBf]uaf6 lgsfnL;kl/jf/ ;s'zn cfkm\gf] b]z kmls{;s]sf] cj:yfx'Fbf lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{cj:yf 5}g . t;y{, l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmegL ug'{ ePsf] ax; ;'lgof] .

ljkIfLdWo]sf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nol;/fxf ;d]tsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgpkGofoflwjQmf >L /fh]Gb|s'df/ >]i7n] lgj]bs;d]tsf ef/tLo gful/sx¿ l;/fxf lhNnfj]Nxfs6[L ufpF l:yt ç O{6fe6[fdf cfO{ sfdu/]sf / pgLx¿sf] hj/\h:tL >d zf]if0f ePsf]ljifodf k|zf;lgs lgsfodf k"j{ hfgsf/L

369369369369369


gePsf] / ;DdfgLt cbfntdf l/6 bfo/ eO{cbfntaf6 ePsf ] cfb ]z k | f KtePkl5;lqmotfk"j{s aGws >ldsx¿nfO{ ;s'znp4f/ u/L cbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd cfkm\gf]b]z k'g/fudg u/fOPsf] x'Fbf lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no l;/fxf ;d]tsf ;/sf/L lgsfosfxsdf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm egLug'{ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

plNnlvt ax; ;'gL ldl;n cWoogu/L x]bf{ l/6 lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lug'{kg]{ xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug'{kg]{b]lvof] .

@= lg0f {otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t'taGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 lgj]bg c+u|]hL efiffdfn]vL l/6 lgj]bs ;]jf/fdn] ef/taf6x'nfsdfkm{t\ ;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLznfO{k| ]lift u/]sf] / k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lghL;lrjfnoaf6 g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb u/L c+u|]hLefiffsf] lgj]bg Pj+ cg'jflbt d:of}bf d'2ftyf l/6 dxfzfvfdf k7fO{ btf{ ePsf] kfOG5 .lgj]bs ;]jf /fdn] ljb]zaf6 c+u|]hL efiffdfkqdfkm{t\ l/6 lgj]bg k|]lift u/]tfklg ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #!-!_ dfpNn]v ePadf ] lhd aGbLk |ToIfLs/0fsf ]lgj]bgkqdf aGbLnfO{ s;n], slxn]b]lv / s'gkl/jGwaf6 aGbL agfPsf] 5 < aGbL s'g :yfgdfy'gfdf /x]sf] 5 < aGbLnfO{ cGgkfgL aGbu/Ly'gfdf /flvPsf] jf s'g} k|sf/sf] z/Ll/s jfdfgl;s oftgf lbPsf] 5 jf 5}g < cflbs'/fx¿ v'nfPsf] kfOG5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod @% df lnvtx¿dfk'¥ofpg' kg]{ ;fdfGo /Ltsf ;DaGwdf ljleGgJoj:yf ePsf] / To:tf /Lt gk'u]sf lgj]bgx¿;jf]{Rr cbfntdf btf{ ul/g] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf

/x]sf] 5 tyflk cbfntn] d'2fsf] sf/jfxL ubf{;w} / ;a} cj:yfdf lnvtdf k'¥ofpg' kg]{/Lt j]/Lt h:tf sfo{ljlwut k|lqmofdf dfq;Lldt /lx/xg ;Sb}g . JolQmsf] j}olQms:jtGqtfdf uDeL/ cf3ft x'g] u/L u}/sfg"gLPj+ cdfgjLo ¿kdf aGbL agfOPsf] eGg] lnlvt;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] Goflos;lqmotf ckgfO{ d'2fsf] sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg;Ifd x'G5 . aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z u}/sfg"gL¿kdf aGbL agfOPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ y'gfaf6d'Qm ug{ hf/L ul/g] x'Fbf of] k|ToIftM JolQmsf]j}olQms :jtGqtf Pj+ dfgj clwsf/sf];+/If0f;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] 5 . l/6 lgj]bs;]jf/fdn] aGbL agfOPsf JolQmx¿sf] xsdfcfkm" o; cbfntdf pkl:yt geO{ ljb]zef/taf6} c+u|]hL efiffdf kqdfkm{t\ lgj]bgu/]klg u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf aGbL agfO{ JolQmsf]j}olQms :jtGqtfdfly uDeL/ cf3ft x'g uPsf]ljifodf cbfntn] lgj]bg u|x0f u/L ;'g'jfO{;d]tsf cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg] x'G5 .

#= lgj]bs ;d]tsf JolQmx¿ l;/fxflhNnf a]nxfs6[L ufpFl:yt ç c+lst O{6fpTkfbg ug] { O{6fe6[fdf cfO{ O{6fe6[fsf;~rfnsx¿ ;Fu k|lt Ps xhf/ sRrf O{6fsf]?=!$)).– df sfFrf] O6f agfpg] zt{df ;D´f}tfu/L O{6f agfpg] >ldssf] ¿kdf sfd u/]sf]tYodf ljjfb b]lvGg . lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdfljkIfL O{6fe6[f ;~rfnsn] >ldsx¿nfO{ sfdu/]sf] /sdsf] e'QmfgL glbO{, 3/ hfg klgglbO{ aGws agfO{ lagf kfl/>lds hj/\h:tL;Fusfddf nufPsf] / tT;DaGwL u'gf;f]sf] ;Daf]wg;DalGwt :yfgLo k|zf;lgs lgsfon] gu/]sf]pNn ]v u/L ljkI f Lx¿sf gfddfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L aGws d'Qm


370370370370370

ul/kfpFm ;fy} ljkIfL O{6fe6[f ;~rfnsx¿Pj+ 7]s]bf/nfO{ cg';Gwfg u/L cfjZos sf/jfxLug]{ cfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm egL dfu u/]sf]b]lvG5 . ljkIfL O{6fe6[f ;~rfnsx¿n] lgj]bgbfjLnfO{ OGsf/ ub}{ lgj]bs ;d]tsf JolQmx¿7]s]bf/dfkm{t\ cfO{ ;xdltcg';f/ :j]R5fk"j{ssfd u/L a;]sf]df e'QmfgL /sdcg';f/ sfdgu/L kms{g] p2]Zon] skf]nslNkt tYox¿pNn]v u/L k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] /xfn lgj]bs ;d]tsf ;j} JolQmx¿cbfntsf]cfb]zfg';f/ O{6f pBf]uaf6 lgsfnL ;kl/jf/;s'zn cfkm\gf] b]z kmls;{s]sf] cj:yf x'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm egL lnlvt hjfkmk]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg dfusf ;DaGwdf s'g} lsl;dsf]lanDj ug{ gldnL tTsfn hfFra'´ u/LcfjZostfcg';f/ /fxt;lxt lgsf;f lbg'kg]{b]lvPsf]n] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f ;frf] 5 5}g, lgj]bgJoxf]/fadf]lhd aGws agfO{ sfddf nufPsf]cj:yf ;d]t xf] xf]Og, ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos;'/Iff d2t;lxt cljnDa ljjflbt sfo{:yndfk|j]z u/L hf] h;nfO{ a'‰g'k5{ a'́ L vfglkg,a;f]af; / sfo{:ynsf] zt{ / jftfj/0f ;d]tsf]af/]df b'O{ lbgleq sfo{ ;DkGg u/L k|ltj]bgk]z ug{ l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/nfO{hfFra'́ clws[tsf] ¿kdf tf]sL k7fpg] cfb]zePsf] kfOG5 . ;fy} >ldsx¿nfO{ tTsfnvfglkgsf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf nQf sk8f /a;f]jf; c;fWo lsl;dsf] b]lvPdf ;DalGwtO{6fe6[fsf] dflnss} vr{df tTsfn Joj:yf ug{nufpg], ;f] x'g g;s]df :yfgLo k|zf;g cyf{t\k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;d]tsf] ;+of]hsTjdfcfjZos Joj:yf ug{ nufpg], ;f] ug{ gdfg] jf

x'g g;s]df tTsfn ug{ kg]{ hf] rflxg] Joj:yfu/L cfjZos sf/jfxL Pj+ Joj:yf ug{ o;cbfntdf cfjZos lgsf;fsf] nflu n]vL k7fpg]egL l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/nfO{ pQmldlt @)^(.(.@& sf] cfb]zn] sfof{b]z ;d]ttf]s]sf] kfOG5 .

%= o; cbfntsf ] p lNnlvtcfb]zadf]lhd l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf;|]:t]bf/n] sfo{:yndf uO{ hfFra'́ u/L k7fPsf]k | ltj ]bg Joxf ]/faf6 lgj ]bgdf pNn]vePadf]lhdsf >ldsx¿nfO{ O{+6fe6[f sf/vfgfdfzt{cg';f/sf] Hofnf glbPsf], OR5fljk/Ltsfddf nufPsf], sfo{:yndf vfg] a:g] Pj+nQf sk8f cflbsf] Go"gtd\ aGbf]a:t ;d]tgldnfO{ tyf ;'/Iff ;d]t glbO{ >d zf]if0fu/]sf], dlxnf >ldsx¿nfO{ of}g b'Jo{jxf/u/]sf], aRrfx¿ ;d]tnfO{ sfddf nufO{afn>d zf]if0f ePsf] ;d]tsf] gfh's cj:yfdfaGws agfO{ /fv]sf] / lgh >ldsx¿n] ToxfFaf65'6\sf/f kfpg dfu u/]sf] eGg] b]lvG5 . To;/Lhj/\h:tL aGws agfO{ sfddf nufpg'aGbL;/xsf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] e} hfFra'´clws[tsf] 6f]nLn] aGws agfOPsf JolQmx¿sf]OR5fcg';f/ aGws d'Qm u/L cbfnts};lqmotfdf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L l;/fxfdfcf>o lbO{ vfglkg Pj+ :jf:Yo pkrf/ ul/Psf]eGg] Joxf]/fsf] hfFra'´ clws[tsf] k|ltj]bgldlt @)^(.!).@ df k|fKtePsf] kfOG5 .

^= hfFra'´ clws[taf6 k]z ePsf]k|ltj]bg o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df k]zeO{ ;'g'jfO x'Fbf ælgj]bsnufotsf >ldsx¿n]sfd u/]sf] O{6fe6[faf6 kfpg' kg]{ /sdsf]xsdf O{6fe6[f dflnsaf6 tTsfn lbnfpg ;Sg]eP ;f] sfddf ;xof]u ug]{ / ;f] x'g g;s]df

371371371371371


klg ;DalGwt >ldsx¿n] sfg"gadf]lhd e/fO{kfpg pko'Qm pkrf/ vf]Hg ;Sg] g} x'Fbf k|:t'tlgj ]bgsf ] /f ]xdf lgj ]bgdf plNnlvtJolQmx¿nfO{ aGws ;/xsf] l:yltdf aGbL agfO{/fv]sf] b]lvFbf lghx¿nfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #^ adf]lhd aGwscj:yfaf6 d'Qm u/L cfkm\gf] b]z ef/tk'g/fudgsf nflu ldq/fi6« ef/tsf] ;LdfjtL{k|zf;g;Fu ;d]t cfjZos ;dGjog u/Llghx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff;fy g]kfn ;Ldfkf/ ug{lbO{ ;f] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;f]sf] k|ltj]bgo; cbfntdf k7fpg' egL l;/fxf lhNnfcbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/nfO{ n]vL k7fpg' / pQmsfo{df cfjZos kg]{ k|zf;lgs tyf cGoJoj:yfksLo ;/;xof]u ;lqmo ¿kdf pknAwu/fpg' egL k"jf{~rn If]qLo k|zf;s tyfl;/fxf lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{;d]t n]vL k7fO { ;| ]:t ]bf/sf ] k | ltj]bgk|fKtePkl5 ldl;n;fy /fvL k]z ug'{æ egLldlt @)^(.!).# df cfb]z ePsf] b]lvG5 .

&= o; cbfntsf ] plNnlvtcfb]zkZrft\ cfb]zadf]lhd ;a} >ldsx¿nfO{oftfoft vr{;d]t pknJw u/fO{ >ldsx¿sf]OR5fadf]lhd g]kfn ef/t ;Ldf;Dd k'¥ofO{ ;Ldfkf/Lsf] uf8L r9fPsf] egL l;/fxf lhNnfcbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/n] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .;|]:t]bf/sf] ldlt @)^(.!).^ sf] bf];|f] k|ltj]bgdf>ldsx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] b]z ef/t k'g/fudgsfnflu ;dGjo ug{ l;/fxfsf k|d'v lhNnfclwsf/Ldfkm{t\ ;LdfjtL{ ef/tLo k|zf;gnfO{kqfrf/ ul/Psf]df ef/tLo kIfaf6 s'g} pQ/Pj+ ;Dks{ gu/]sf]n] ldlt @)^(.!).% ut]>ldsx¿sf] OR5fadf]lhd ;'/Iff ;fy ef/tLo;Ldf;Dd k '¥ofO { gful/s ;dfh tyf

kqsf/;d]tsf] cu'jfO{ / ef/tLo ;LdfIf]qsf/fhgLlt1 Pj+ ;dfh;]jLx¿nfO{ ;d]t /f]xj/df/fvL g]kfnsf k|x/L k|zf;gsf k|d'v, ;~rf/sdL{/ l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf lhNnf GofofwLz;d]tsf] pkl:yltdf lhNnf dw'jgL, k|v08hogu/ -ef/t_ k~rfot, j]xnL k"jL{ 3/sDnfj/Lsf d'lvof ef]nf ofbjnfO{ a'́ fO{ ;a}>ldsx¿nfO{ ;Ldfkf/Lsf] uf8Ldf r9fPsf] eGg];d]t pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .

*= o;/L k |:t 't lgj ]bgdf o;cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]zfg';f/ l/6 lgj]bgdfpNn]v ul/Psf w/dGtLnufotsf ;a} ̂ $ hgf>lds;d]tsf JolQmx¿ l;/fxf lhNnf a]nxfs6[LufpF l:yt ç c+lst O{6f pTkfbg ug] {O{6fe6[faf6 aGws d'Qm eO{ cfkm\gf] b]z ef/tk'g/fudg ul/;s]sf] tYo hfFra'´ clws[tsf]¿kdf /x]sf l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/sf]k|ltj]bgaf6 k'li6 ePsf] 5 . lgj]bsn] l/6lgj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf ̂ $ hgf >lds;d]tsfJolQmx¿nfO{ ljkIfL O{+6fe6[f ;~rfnsx¿af6aGbL agfPsf]n] pQm aGbL cj:yfaf6 d'Qm ug{aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/Lsf] dfu u/]sf]dfo; cbfntsf] k"j{ cfb]zfg';f/ xfn lgj]bgdfplNnlvt ;a} aGbLx¿ aGws d'Qm eO{ ;s]sf]k ' l i6 ePsf ] x ' Fbf lgj ]bg dfuadf ] lhdaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul//xg'kg]{cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf b]lvPg . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .

(= lgj ]bg dfuadf ] lhdaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul//xg'kg]{cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf gb]lvO{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hePtfklg l/6 lgj]bgdf ljkIfL O{ +6fe6[f;~rfnsn] >ldsx¿nfO{ sfd u/]sf] /sdsf]e'QmfgL glbO{ 3/ hfg klg glbO{ aGws agfO{


372372372372372

lagf kfl/>lds hj/\h:tL;Fu cdfgjLo ¿kdfsfddf nufPsf] egL pNn]v ePsf] tYo hfFra'́clws[tsf] ¿kdf l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntsf;|]:t]bf/n] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgaf6 k'li6 ePsf]5 . >ldsx¿nfO{ aGws agfO{ hj/\h:tL;Fusfddf nufpg] h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ dfgjclwsf/sf] pNn+3g dfq geP/ g]kfn kIf /fi6«ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# Pj+ k|rlnt >d;DaGwL sfg"gsf]k|lts"n ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . o; ;DaGwdfg]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf >d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«odxf;lGwx¿ Pj+ /fli6«o sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;d]tx]g'{ ;fGble{s x'g cfpF5 .

!)= g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsfk|d'v dxf;lGwx¿sf] kIf /fi6« eO{ cg'df]bg;d]t u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf]cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;lGw g+= @( afWosf/L>d;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(#) -C No. 29 Forced

Labour Convention, 1930_ df ;b:o /fi6«n];a}vfn] jfWosf/L >dnfO{ aGb]h nufpg'kg]{Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . dxf;lGwsf] wf/f $-!_ dfThe competent authority shall not impose or

permit the imposition of forced or compulsory

labour for the benefit of private individuals,

companies or associations. cyf{t clwsf/ k|fKtlgsfon] lghL JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] nfesfnflu afWosf/L jf clgjfo{ >ddf nufpgJoj:yfsf] nflu cg'dlt k|bfg ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg]Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} wf/f %-!_ df No

concession granted to private individuals,

companies or associations shall involve any form

of forced or compulsory labour for the production

or the collection of products which such private

individuals, companies or associations utilise or

in which they trade. cyf{t\ JolQm, sDkgL jf;+:yfnfO{ pknJw u/fOPsf s'g} klg 5"6dfTo:t} tf lghL JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn]pkef]u ug]{ Jofkf/ ug]{ pTkfbgx¿sf] pTkfbgsfo{ jf ;+sng sfo{sf nflu s'g} klg lsl;dsfafWosf/L jf clgjfo{ >dnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g'x'Fb}g eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} g]kfnn]cg'df]bg u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;lGwg+= !)% jfWosf/L >dnfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw,!(%& -C No. 105 Abolition of Forced Labour

Convention, 1957_ n] dxf;lGwsf ;b:o/fi6«x¿n] s'g} klg :j¿kdf x'g] afWosf/L >dnfO{pGd"ng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn]dxf;lGw g+= !$ ;fKtflxs labf -pBf]u_ ;DaGwLdxf;lGw, !(@! -C No. 14 Weekly Rest (Industry)

Convention, 1921_, dxf;lGw g+= !)) ;dfgkfl/>lds ;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(%! -C No.

100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951_,dxf;lGw g+= !!! e]befj -/f]huf/L / k]zf_;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(%* -C No. 111

Discrimination (Employment and Occupation)

Convention, 1958_, dxf;lGw g+= !*@ lgs[i6k|sf/sf] afn>d lj?4sf] dxf;lGw, !((( -CNo. 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention,

1999_ ;d]tsf dxf;lGwx¿sf] cg'df]bgul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;lGw P]g, @)$& cg';f/g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf dxf;lGwx¿ g]kfnsfg"g;/x nfu" x'g] lglj{jfb /x]sf] 5 .

!!= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f @( df zf]if0f lj?4sf] xscGtu{tb]xfosf xsx¿sf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5M–

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xsx'g]5 .

373373373373373


-@_ k|yf, k/Dk/f / k|rngsf] gfddf jf s'g}klg lsl;dn] s;}nfO{ zf]if0f ug{ kfOg]5}g .

-#_ dflg;nfO{ a]rlavg ug{, bf; jf afFwfagfpg kfOg] 5}g .

-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddfnufpg kfOg] 5}g .

!@= t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvtJoj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{clgjfo{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] sfg"g agfpg/f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

!#= wf/f @@ df afnaflnsfsf ]xscGtu{t pkwf/f -#_ df k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf]zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 . o:tf] zf]if0fhGo sfo{sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf]JolQmnfO{ sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{lbOg]5 . pkwf/f -%_ df s'g} klg gfafnsnfO{s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g}hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg jf ;]gf, k|x/L jfåGådf k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g . wf/f @) dfdlxnfsf] xscGtu{t pkwf/f -#_ df s'g} klgdlxnf lj?4 zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g}lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ ul/g] 5}g / To:tf]sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf]5 .

!$= >d P]g, @)$* df o; ;DaGwdfePsf s]xL d'Vo sfg"gL Joj:yf o; k|sf//x]sf 5g\M–

bkmf !^= sfd ug] { ;doM sfdbf/ tyfsd{rf/LnfO{ k|ltlbg cf7 306f jf;Ktfxdf c7\rfnL; 306feGbf a9L

;do sfddf nufpg' x'b}g / k|To]s;Ktfxdf Ps lbg ;fKtflxs labflbg'kg]{5 .

bkmf @@= kfl/>lds eQf / ;'ljwfsf] e'QmfgLMk|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]kfl/>lds, eQf / ;'ljwf lbg] bfloTj;DalGwt Joj:yfkssf] x'g]5 .

bkmf @& :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yfbkmf $! af;:yfgsf] k|aGwbkmf $@ afnsx¿sf] lgldQ Joj:yfbkmf *$s= k|lti7fgaflx/sf sfdbf/ jf

sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yfM-!_ k|lti7fgaflx/sf sfdbf/ tyfsd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sfddf nufpg] JolQmjf ;+:yfn] b'O{ kIfaLr lnlvt ;D´f}tfePsf]df ;f] ;D´f}tfadf]lhd / ;D´f}tfgePsf]df sfddf nufPsf] lbgsf]kfl/>lds ;ft lbgleq lbO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 .

!%= ljkIfL ç O{6fe6[fsf ;~rfnsaf6w/dGtL;d]tsf ^$ hgf JolQmnfO{ aGbL agfO{sfdsf] kfl/>lds glbO{ aFw'jf >ldssf] ¿kdf>d zf]if0f u/L lghx¿sf] OR5f lj?4 sfddfnufPsf ] , >ldsx¿sf ] :jf:Yo;DaGwLcf}ifwf]krf/sf] Joj:yf gul/Psf], ljkIfLx¿åf/f;~rflnt O{6fe6[fdf :jf:Yos/ af;:yfgsf];d'lrt k|aGw gx'g'sf ;fy} afnaflnsfx¿;d]tsf dlxnf sfdbf/x¿nfO{ sfddf nufPsf]dfafnaflnsfx¿sf nflu :jf:Yos/ sf]7fsf]Joj:yf gu/]sf] a? gfafnsx¿nfO{ ;d]t sfddfnufOPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . ;fy};D´f}tfadf]lhd kfl/>lds lbg'kg]{ Joj:yfsf];d]t ljkIfL O{6fe6[f ;~rfnsaf6 pNn+3gePsf] / O{6fe6[fdf dlxnf >ldsx¿nfO{ of}ghGo


374374374374374

b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ u/]sf] tYo v'Ng cfPsf] 5 .o;af6 O{6fe6[f ;~rfnsx¿n] g]kfnn] cg'df]bgu/]sf >d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿sf;fy} g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# åf/fk|bQ xssf] ;d]t alv{nfk sfd u/]sf] / >dP]g, @)$* df ePsf sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ;d]tpNn+3g u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

!^= >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ^^ dfsf/vfgf lg/LIfs Pj+ k|d'v sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf]lgo'lQm;DaGwL Joj:yf ePsf] / bkmf ̂ & df />d lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod %$ dfsf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] clwsf/;d]t tf]lsPsf]kfOG5 . plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yf x'g'sf] k5fl8k|lti7fg Pj+ sf/vfgfdf sfg"gk|lts"n s'g}sfo{ x'g glbg'sf ;fy} lg/LIf0f / cg'udg u/L>d;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] kfngf ug]{ u/fpg]/ sfg"g pNn+3g ePdf cfjZos sf/jfxL ug]{ljlw lgdf{0fstf{sf] dg;fo /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

!&= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf]Joxf]/f / hfFra'́ clws[tsf] ¿kdf l;/fxflhNnf cbfntsf ;| ]:t]bf/n] k]z u/]sf ]k|ltj]bgaf6 O{6fe6[fdf 7]s]bf/dfkm{t\ ljb]zaf6>ldsx¿ NofO{ sfddf nufpg] / sfdafkt/sdsf] e'QmfgL 7]s]bf/dfkm{t eO{ 7]s]bf/n]>ldsx¿nfO{ /sd glbO{ >dsf] zf]if0f x'g],O6fe6[f ;~rfnsx¿af6 >ldsx¿nfO {vfglkgsf] Pj+ a:g] 7fpFsf] Go"gtd\ ;'ljwfx¿pknJw gu/fpg], gfafnsx¿nfO{ ;d]t >ddfnufpg], dlxnf >ldsx¿ dfly of}ghGob'Jo{jxf/ x'g], >ldsx¿n] 3/ hfg rfxbf ;d]t3/ hfg glbO{ aGws agfO{ hj/\h:tL sfddfnufO{ aw'jf >ldssf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ ug]{,>ldsx¿sf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL cf}ifwf]krf/sf]Joj:yf gx'g], sfd u/]afkt kfl/>lds lbg

OGsf/ ug]{ h:tf u}/sfg"gL Jojxf/ x'g] u/]sf]tYo phfu/ ePsf] 5 . >ldsx¿ dfly x'g]b'Jo{jxf/hGo lqmofsnfkx¿af6 dfgj clwsf/sf]pNn+3g dfq geP/ g]kfn kIf /fi6« ePsf]cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# Pj+ k|rlnt >d;DaGwL sfg"gsf]k |lts"n ePsf] b]lvG5 . dfly ljj]rgful/Pcg';f/ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ^^ dfsf/vfgf lg/LIfs Pj+ k|d'v sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf]lgo'lQm ;DaGwL Joj:yf ePsf] / bkmf ̂ & df />d lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod %$ df sf/vfgflg/LIfssf] clwsf/ ;d]t tf]lsPsf] 5 . j:t'tMsf/vfgf lg/LIfssf ] lgo ' lQm u/LO{6fe6[fnufotsf sf/vfgfx¿df sfdbf/x¿nfO{>d;DaGwL sfg"gadf]lhd sfddf nufOPsf] 55}g eGg] ;DaGwdf sf/vfgf lg/LIfsaf6 lgoldtcg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f u/L sfg"gk|lts"nsf] sfo{ePsf] cj:yfdf tTsfn cfjZos sf/jfxL x'g;s]df ljkIfL ç c+lst O{6f pTkfbg ug]{O{+6fe6[fdf ePh:tf u}/sfg"gL sfo{df lgoGq0fx'g ;Sg] x'G5 . hf] cfjZos / /fHosf] bfloTjsf]ljifo klg xf] . t;y{, >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf^^ adf]lhd sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] lgo'lQm xfn;DdePsf] 5 5}g lgo'lQm gePsf] eP oyfzL3|lgo'lQm ug]{ / lgo'lQm eO{;s]sf] eP klg sf/vfgflg/LIfsaf6 O{+6fe6[f nufotsf sf/vfgfx¿df>d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ̂ & Pj+ >d lgodfjnL,@)%) sf] lgod %$ df plNnlvt ljifox¿sfcltl/Qm >d;DaGwL cGo k|rlnt sfg"gsf]kfngf eP geP ;DaGwdf k|efjsf/L ¿kdflgoldt cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f u/L u/fO{>d;DaGwL sfg"gsf] pNn+3g ePsf] kfOPdfcfjZos sf/jfxL ug'{ u/fpg' egL g]kfn ;/sf/>d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnosf gfddf lgb]{zgfTds

375375375375375

*(&^ –*(&^ –*(&^ –*(&^ –*(&^ – cd/ g]kfnLsf] xsdf k'gd g]kfnL lj=k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Jo"/f] ;d]t

cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . of] lgb]{zgfTds cfb]zsf]hfgsf/L g]kfn ;/sf/ >d tyf /f]huf/dGqfnonfO{ lbg' . ;fy} k|:t't lgb]{zgfTdscfb]zsf] kfngf eP geP ;DaGwdf o;cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnon]cg'udg ug'{ egL o; cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L km};nfsfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnonfO{ lbg' . k|:t't l/6sf]bfo/Ltkm{sf] nut s6[f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/a'́ fO{ lbg" .


Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t -pk–;lrj_ – lzjk|;fb vgfn

lg0f{o g+=*(&*lg0f{o g+=*(&*lg0f{o g+=*(&*lg0f{o g+=*(&*lg0f{o g+=*(&*


dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{aGbL l/6 lgj]bg g+= )^(–WH–))$(

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!).!(.^

ljifo M– aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f .

lgj]bsM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, ;LtfkfOnf uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ^ a:g] cd/ g]kfnLsf] xsdflghsL Psf3/sL >LdtL k'gd g]kfnL

lj?4ljkIfLM k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg

Jo"/f] ;d]t

§§§§§ sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd h/Ljfgf ga'́ fPjf w/f}6 jf hdfgt klg lbg g;s]h/Ljfgfafkt nfUg] s}b / km};nfn]ePsf] s}b c;"n ug{ sf/fuf/df k7fO{lbg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf]df tTsfnxfhL/ geO{ 7x/ ePsf] ;hfo e'Qmfggug] { / k'g/fj]bg ug{ cbfntLaGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !($ g+= sf]k | lqmofadf ] lhd lgj ]bg gu/ ]sfs;"/bf/nfO{ ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nosf];xof]u ;d]t lnO{ kqmfp u/L h'g;'s};dodf km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]clwsf/ ;DalGwt cbfntnfO{ x'g] s'/fb08 ;hfosf] @# g+= / cbfntLaGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !($ g+= sf] sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ s;"/bf/n] k'g/fj]bg ug{kfpg] Dofb;Dd km};nfadf]lhd nfu]sf];hfo c;"n ug{ gldNg] eGg] b]lvggcfpg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] @#

g+= / cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !($g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cgb]vf u/Lj}olQms Pj+ Goflos clwsf/ s'l07teof] egL bfo/ u/]sf] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]l/6 lgj]bg sfg"g;Ddt\ dfGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ cbfntsf] km};nfaf6 s;"/ sfod eO{

;hfo tf ] lsPsf s; "/bf/nfO {km};nfadf]lhdsf] ;hfo c;"n ug'{cbfntsf] sfg"gL bfloTj xf] . s;"/7x/ ePsf s;"/bf/sf] ;hfo sfof{Gjoggx'g] xf] eg] b08xLgtf -Impunity_ n]

&&&&&


376376376376376

k|>o kfpg] dfq xf]Og cbfntsf] km};nflgik|efjL eO{ ljlwsf] zf;g g} sfodgx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf lbj;k|;fbv8\sf

ljkIfLtkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf o'j/fh;'j]bL

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] @# g+=§ c=a+= %( / !($ g+=§ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]

bkmf @^-@_

cfb]zGof=;'zLnf sfsL{M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf wf/f !)&-@_adf]lhd o; cbfntsf] clwsf/If]qleqsf] eO{bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKttYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5M–

d lgj]lbsf / d]/f] klt cd/ g]kfnLldlt @)^(.!).% ut] ;fFem # ah]sf] ;dodfcfkm\gf] 3/df al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;fbfkf];fsdf cfPsf rf/ hgf JolQmx¿n] d]/f]klt cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ tkfO{+ xfdL;Fu lx8\g'xf];tkfO{+sf] kmfOgfG;sf] af/]df ;Nnfx ug'{5egL kqmfp u/L nfg vf]h]sfn] s]xL uNtLu/]sf] 5}g lsg / sxfF nfg vf]Hg'ePsf] egLk|Zg ubf{ lgh JolQmx¿n] cfkm" s]Gb|Locg';Gwfg Jo'/f] dxf/fhu~h, sf7df8f}+af6v6L cfPsf k|x/L xf} . tkfO{+nfO{ ;f]wk'5sf

nflu ToxL nfg nfu]sf] egL kqmfp u/L nfg'ePsf]df d lgj]lbsf kl5 pQm Jo"/f]df uO{a'‰bf xfdL cg';Gwfg ub}{5fF} clxn] 5f]8\gldNb}g egL cGofok"0f{ hjfkm lbPsf]n] d 3/kmsL{ cfPkl5 aflx/af6 a'‰bf sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfntsf] tx;Ln zfvfn] kqmfp ug{ eg]kl5kqmfp u/]sf] yfxf eof] . ;DdfgLt sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntaf6 d]/f] klt k'k{Ifsf] nflutfl/vdf /x]sf]df kl5 ldlt @)^*.!).!@.%df km};nf ePsf]df ldlt @)^(.^.!@ dfk'g/fj]bg Dofb lbO{ pQm k'g/fj]bg Dofb;d]t afFsL /x]sf] cj:yf 5 / k'g/fj]bg;d]t ug{ tof/L ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 .

ctM xfn ljkIfLn] cd/ g]kfnLnfO{sxfF, s'g k|of]hgsf nflu / s:tf] cj:yfdf/fv]sf] 5 eGg] ;d]t yfxf hfgsf/L x'gg;s]sf]n] klt cd/ g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs, sfg"gLxsnufot JolQmut :jtGqtf, :jR5 ;'g'jfO{Pj+ Goflos clwsf/;d]tsf] xsdf uDeL/cf3ft ePsf] 5 . t;y{, ljkIfLx¿sf gfddfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L cd/g]kfnLnfO{ ;DdfgLt cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fO{u}/sfg"gL y'gfaf6 d'Qm ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] cd/ g]kfnLsf] xsdf lghsLPsf3/sL >LdtL k'gd g]kfnLsf] l/6 lgj]bgkq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/Lu/L lsg y'gfd'Qm ug'{ gkg]{ xf] < y'gfd'Qm ug'{gkg]{ eP ;f]sf] sf/0f ;d]t vf]nL of] cfb]zk|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf] Dofb afx]s # lbgleq;DalGwt ldl;n ;fy /fvL dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{nodfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egL l/6

377377377377377


lgj]bgsf] Psk|lt gSsn ;fy} /fvL ljkIfLx¿sfgfddf Dofb ;"rgf k7fO{ lnlvt hjfkm k/]kl5jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] o;cbfntsf] Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;sf] ldlt@)^(.!).( sf] cfb]z .

;fDj/fh cof{nsf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn;/sf/ k|ltjfbL sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, ;LtfkfO{nfuf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^ a:g] cd/ g]kfnL ePsf];+jt\ @)^& ;fnsf] ;=kmf}=g+= !%@$ sf] 7uLd'2fdf o; cbfntsf ldlt @)^*.!).!@ sfkm};nfn] lgh cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ !.).) -Psjif{_ s}b / ?=!@,*),))).– h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x/ePsf]df k|ltjfbL ldlt @)^&.*.@) df kqmfpk/L ldlt @)^*.!.@ ;Dd ).$.!@ -rf/ dlxgfjfx| lbg_ k|x/L lx/f;t / d'2f k'k{Ifsf] qmddfy'gfdf /xL afFsL s}b cjlw ).&.!* -;ftdlxgf c7f/ lbg_ / h/Ljfgf ?=!@,*),))).–sf] xsdf j]?h' /xL o; cbfntsf] cf=j=@)^(.)&) sf] nut g+= !)%^) df nutafFsL /x]sf] . km};nfadf]lhd 7x/ ePsf] a]?h'nutcg';f/ afFsL s}b / h/Ljfgfsf] xsdfkm/f/ /x]sf lgj]bsnfO{ s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Jo"/f]/ o; cbfntsf sd{rf/L ;d]tsf] k|ltj]bgn]kqmfp k/]sf]df pQm lbg ;dofefj ePsf] /;f]sf] ef]lnkN6 ;fj{hlgs labf k/]sfn];'/Iff;fy s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Jo"/f]df /fvL ldlt@)^(.!).& ut] o; cbfntdf bflvnf u/]sf]n]j]?h' s}b / h/Ljfgfsf] xsdf sfg"gadf]lhds}bL k"hL{ lbO{ sf/fuf/ sfof{no, huGgfyb]jndf s}b y'gfdf /fVg k7fPsf] xf] . cbfntsf]km};nfadf]lhd a]?h' nutsf] afFsL s}bsf] xsdfldlt @)^(.!).% b ] lv nfu " x 'g ] u/Lsfg"gadf]lhd s}bL k"hL{ lbO{ s}b y'gfdf /fVg

k7fPsf] x'Fbf lgj]bssf] y'gf u}/sfg"gL eGg]cj:yf 5}g . t;y{ sfg"gadf]lhd y'gfdf /x]sflgj]bssf] ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xsdf cf3ftk'u]sf] cj:yf gx'Fbf lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] l:ylt 5}g .k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf]sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfnt, tx;Ln zfvfsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /x]sf]GofoIf]q ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^&.(.@@ dfa;]sf] a}7sdf cbfntsf] km};nfn] s}b, b08h/Ljfgf nfu]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ k|x/L sd{rf/L jfhf];'s}n] kqmfp u/L bflvnf ug{ ;Sg] u/Lkm};nf sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsf/L ;xof]u x'g cg'/f]wug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;jf]{Rrcbfnt, km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnosf] ldlt@)^&.!!.! ut]sf] kq;lxt s}b b08 h/Ljfgfc;"ntkm{ vf]hL ug'{kg]{ ljleGg JolQmx¿sf]gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] /cbfntaf6 ljleGg ;dodf k|fKt nutcg';f/l/6 lgj]bs cd/ g]kfnL ;d]tnfO{ kqmfp u/L;DalGwt cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{ bfloTjo; Jo"/f]sf] xf] . sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]ldlt @)^(.!).# sf] kqmfp k"hL{ lnO{ cfpg]sd{rf/Lx¿ / o; Jo"/f]af6 vl6Psf k|x/Lsd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfaf6 lgh cd/g]kfnLnfO{ ldlt @)^(.!).% df kqmfp u/Lk|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd Dofbleq} ;DalGwtcbfnt;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg] sfd;Dd ePsf]xf] . k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;DalGwt Gofloslgsfosf] cg'/f]wdf k|x/LnfO{ k|fKt clwsfIf]qleq/xL km/f/ JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug]{ sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt\g} /x]sf] x'Fbf o; sfof{no lj?4sf] l/6 lgj]bg


378378378378378

vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] k|x/L k|wfgsfof{no, s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Jo"/f]sf] tkm{af6 k|x/Lgfoj dxflg/LIfs s]zaxfb'/ zfxLsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L lgj]bs tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L lbj;k|;fbv8\sfn] lgj]bs cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ 7uL d'2fdfsf7df8f} lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!).!@sf km};nfn] s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/]sf] eP tfklgpQm km};nfsf] k'g/fj]bg Dofb ldlt @)^(.^.!@df tfd]n eO{ k'g/fj]bg bfo/ ug]{ Dofb afFsLg} /x]sf] / k'g/fj]bg bfo/ ug]{ tof/L ul//x]sf]cj:yfdf kqmfp u/L km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] nfluegL y'gfdf /fVg] sfo{n] lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfgk|bQj}olQms :jtGqtfsf] pNn+3g x'g'sf ;fy}Goflos clwsf/ ;d]tdf cf3ft ePsf]n]ljkIfLsf gfddf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/Lu/L cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ y'gfd'Qm ul/kfpFm egLug'{ ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

ljkIf Ltkm {af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L o'j/fh ;'j]bLn] cd/g]kfnLnfO{ 7uL d'2fdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]ldlt @)^*.!).!@ sf] km};nfn] Ps jif{ s}b /?=!@,*),))).– h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x/ eO/x]sf]cj:yfdf cbfntn] cfkm\gf] km};nfadf]lhdnfu]sf] s}b tyf h/Ljfgf tTsfn c;"n u/Lkm};nf sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg] x'G5 . lgj]bsnfO{cbfntsf] km};nfcg';f/ a]?h' nut c;"nug]{u/L sfg"gadf]lhd y'g'jf k"lh lbO{{ y'gfdf/fVg k7fPsf] sfo{n] lgj]bssf] s'g} xssf] xgggePsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm egLug'{ ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsn] l/6lgj]bgdf d"ntM ldlt @)^(.!).% ut] s]Gb|Locg';Gwfg Jo"/f]sf k|x/Ln] cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ kqmfpu/L nu]sf]df kl5 a'‰bf sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfnt tx;Ln zfvfn] kqmfp ug{ eg]sfn]kqmfp u/]sf] eGg] yfxf eof] . sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntaf6 k'k{If x'Fbf tfl/vdf /xLldlt @)^*.!).!@ df d'2f km};nf eO{ ldlt@)^(.^.!@ df k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb tfd]n eO{k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb afFsL g} /x]sf] cj:yfdfkqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] sfo{n] lgj]bssf];+ljwfgk|bQ xsdf cf3ft ePsf] bfjL ub}{ljkIfLsf gfddf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/Lu/L y'gfd'Qm ul/kfpFm egL dfu u/]sf] b]lvG5 .sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfnt tx;Ln zfvfsf]lnlvt hjfkmdf jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbLcd/ g]kfnL ePsf] 7uL d'2fdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!).!@ sf] km};nfn]cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ 7x/ ePsf] s}b Ps jif{ /h/Ljfgf ?=!@,*),))).– dWo] afFsL s}b cjlw& dlxgf !* lbg / ;j} h/Ljfgf nut afFsLx'Fbf a]?h' nut c;"nLsf] nflu kqmfp u/Ly'gfdf k7fPsf]n] sfg"gadf]lhdsf] y'gf x'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] pNn]v u/]sf]kfOG5 .

#= ;fDj/fh cof{nsf] hfx]/Ln] jfbLg]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL cd/ g]kfnL ePsf]sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] ;+jt\ @)^& ;fnsf];=kmf}=g+= !%@$ g+= sf] 7uL d'2fdf sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!).!@ sf km};nfn]lgj]bs cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ Ps jif{ s}b /?=!@,*),))).– h/Ljfgf ePsf] tYo k|:t'tl/6 ;fy} k]z x'g cfPsf] pQm d'2fsf] ldl;naf6b]lvG5 . k'k{Ifsf qmddf lgh cd/ g]kfnL $

379379379379379


dlxgf !@ lbg y'gfdf a;s]sf] x'Fbf afFsL s}b& dlxgf !* lbg / h/Ljfgf ?=!@,*),))).–lghaf6 c;"n x'g afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQmd'2fdf k|ltjfbL /x]sf cd/ g]kfnLn] tfl/vlnPsf] ldlt @)^*.!).!@ df lgh s;"/bf/7x/L km};nf ePsf]df lgh cbfntdf tTsfncg'kl:yt /xL ldlt @)^(.^.!@ df lghsfgfddf &) lbg] k'g/fj]bg Dofb tfd]n ePsf]b]lvG5 . lghn] k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] Dofb@)^(.*.@@ ;Dd &) lbg JotLt eO{ d'n'sLP]g, c=a+= %( g+= adf]lhd yfldg ;Sg] #)lbg / ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf @^-@_ adf]lhd yfldg ;Sg] #) lbg u/L^) lbg yfldg ;Sg] Dofbsf] cfwf/df lgj]bsn]k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb afFsL /x]sf] egL pQmDofbleq km};nf sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg] bfjLu/]sf] kfOG5 .

$= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf d"ntM kmf}hbf/Ld'2fdf cbntaf6 km};nf x'Fbf s;"/ 7x/ eO{s}b / h/Ljfgf nfu]sf s;"/bf/nfO{ cbfntn]tTsfn b08 h/Ljfgf c;"n ug{ ;Sg] xf] jfk|ltjfbLn] k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] cjlw;Ddkm};nfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ gldNg] xf] eGg] k|Zgsf]lg/f]k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf;DalGwt sfg"gL Joj:yf x]bf{ d'n'sL P]g, b08;hfosf] dxnsf] @# g+= df æ;hfo tf]sLkm};nf ubf{ ;hfo kfpg] s;"/bf/ xfhL/ /x]sf]eP ;f] km};nf ug]{ c8\8fn] g} p;} avt kqmLkm};nfn] nfu]sf] ;hfo c;"n ug'{k5{ . ;f]ubf{ h/Ljfgf nfu]sf]df a'́ fP a'́ L jf ;f]afkth]yf hdfgL lnO{ 5f8L lbg'k5{ . s}b nfu]sf]dfk'g/fj]bg ug{ cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf]!($ g+= adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPdf ;f]

lnO { 5f8 \g ' k5 { . ga '´fP jf glbPh/Ljfgfafkt nfUg] s}b / km};nfn] ePsf] s}b;d]t c;"n ug{ sf/fuf/df k7fO lbg'k5{ .;hfo kfpg] s;"/bf/ xfhL/ g/x]sf] ePlu/km\tf/ ug{ c8\8faf6} ;DalGwt k|x/Lsfof{nonfO{ cfb]z u/L o;} dxnsf] @% / @^gDa/x¿df n]lvPadf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL ;d]trnfpg' k5{––Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .To:t} d'n'sL P]g, cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf]!($ g+= b]xfo ! df ækm};nf ug]{ c8\8fn]kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf km};nf x'Fbf s}bsf] ;hfokfpg] s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf]nfO{ ;f] km};nfpk/k'g/fj]bg ug{ a9Ldf # jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfoePsf]df / k'k{IfnfO{ y'gfdf a:g' gkg]{ d'2fePdf jf ga;]sf] ePdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb;DdnfO{ ;f] c8\8fn] w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf 5f8\g;Sg]5Æ eGg] pNn]v / !($ g+= b]xfo @ dfæk'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] c8\8fn] eP k'g/fj]bg ug]{Dofb;DdnfO{ / k'g/fj]bg btf{ ePsf]df lsgf/fgeP;DdnfO{ a9Ldf !) jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfoePsf]df / k'k{IfnfO{ y'gfdf a:g' gkg]{ d'2fePdf jf ga;]sf] ePdf w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf5f8\g ;Sg]5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .

%= plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/km};nf x'Fbf s;}nfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x/ u/L ;hfotf]lsPsf] 5 / s;"/bf/ xfhL/ /x]sf] 5 eg]km};nf ug]{ c8\8fn] tTsfn s;"/bf/nfO{ kqmfpu/L km};nfadf]lhdsf] ;hfo c;"n ug'{kg]{afWofTds Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . km};nf ug]{c8\8fn] tTsfn km};nfsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{h/Ljfgf nfu]sf]df gub} a'́ fP a'́ L jf ;f]afkth]yf hdfgt lbP lnO{ 5f8\g ;Sg] / s}bnfu]sf]df k'g/fj]bg ug{ cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf]


380380380380380

dxnsf] !($ g+= adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof cjnDagu/L lgj]bg u/]df k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb;DdnfO{w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPdf lnO{ 5f8\g ;Sg]Joj:yf ePsf ] b ] lvG5 . pQm sfg "gLJoj:yfadf]lhd h/Ljfgf ga'´fP jf w/f}6 jfhdfgt klg lbg g;s] h/Ljfgfafkt nfUg]s}b / km};nfn] ePsf] s}b c;"n ug{ sf/fuf/dfk7fO{ lbg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 .tTsfn xfhL/ geO{ 7x/ ePsf] ;hfo e'Qmfggug]{ / k'g/fj]bg ug{ cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf]dxnsf] !($ g+= sf] k|lqmofadf]lhd lgj]bggu/]sf s;"/bf/nfO{ ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nosf];xof]u ;d]t lnO{ kqmfp u/L h'g;'s} ;dodfkm};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ ;DalGwtcbfntnfO{ x'g] s'/f plNnlvt b08 ;hfosf]@# g+= / cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !($g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cf;o /x]sf] 5 .plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ s;"/bf/n]k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] Dofb;Dd km};nfadf]lhdnfu]sf] ;hfo c;"n ug{ gldNg] eGg] b]lvgcfPg .

^= cd/ g]kfnLnfO{ sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!).!@ sf] km};nfn]Ps jif{ s}b / ?=!@,*),))).– h/Ljfgf ePsf]b]lvbf km};nfadf]lhdsf] ;hfo e'Qmfg ug'{lgj]bssf] bfloTj x'G5 . olb pQm km};nfpk/k'g/fj]bg ug]{ xf] eg] klg h/Ljfgfsf] xsdfh/Ljfgf /sd a'́ fpg] jf ;f]afkt h]yf hdfgLlbg'kg]{ / s}bsf] xsdf tTsfn s}bdf ga:g]eP d'n'sL P]g, c=a+= !($ g+= sf] sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd cbfntdf lgj]bg u/L k'g/fj]bgug]{ Dofb;Ddsf nflu cbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhdw/f}6 jf hdfgtsf] ;'ljwf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . lgj]bscd/ g ]k fnLn ] k | :t 't l/6 lgj ]bgdf

km};nfadf]lhd h/Ljfgf /sd a'´fPsf] jf;f]afkt h]yf hdfgL lbPsf] s]xL pNn]v ug{g;Sg'sf ;fy} s}bsf] xsdf ;d]t c=a+= !($g+= adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb;Ddsf nflucbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgtsf];'ljwf lnPsf] ;d]t b]lvGg . o;/L lgj]bsn]d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] @# g+= /cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !($ g+= sf]sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cgb]vf u/L j}olQms Pj+Goflos clwsf/ s'l07t eof] egL bfo/ u/]sf]aGbLk |ToIfLs/0fsf ] k |:t 't l/6 lgj]bgsfg"g;Ddt\ dfGg ldn]g .

&= cbfntsf] km};nfaf6 s;"/ sfodeO { ;hfo t f ] lsPsf s; " /b f /n fO {km};nfadf]lhdsf] ;hfo c;"n ug'{ cbfntsf]sfg"gL bfloTj xf] . s;"/ 7x/ ePsf s;"/bf/sf];hfo sfof{Gjog gx'g] xf] eg] b08xLgtf-Impunity_ n] k|>o kfpg] dfq xf]Og cbfntsf]km};nf lgik|efjL eO{ ljlwsf] zf;g g} sfodgx'g] x'G5 . d'n'sL P]g b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf]@# g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cfzo klgkm};nfn] bf]ifL 7x/ ePsf s;"/bf/sf xsdftTsfn k m };n fsf ] s fo f { Gjog u/ Lb08xLgtfnfO{ cGTo ug'{ xf] . z'¿ km};nfpk/k'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ -Right to Appeal_kIfsf] clwsf/ xf] . tyflk z'¿ km};nfn]s;"/bf/ 7x/ eO{ h/Ljfgf / s}b nfu]sfd'2fsf kIfn] k'g/fj]bg ubf{ sfg"gn] tf]s]sf]zt{ / bfloTjsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf]zt{ / bfloTjdfly k|s/0fx¿df ljj]rgful/Padf]lhd d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf]dxnsf] @# g+= n] ;hfo kfPsf s;"/bf/n]h/Ljfgfsf] xsdf h/Ljfgf /sd a'´fpg] jfh]yf hdfgL lbg'kg]{ / s}bsf] xsdf c=a+=

381381381381381

*(&& –*(&& –*(&& –*(&& –*(&& – s[i0f a/fn lj=sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno ;d]t

!($ g+= adf]lhd cbfntdf lgj]bg u/Lcg'dtL lng'kg] { u/L tf]s]sf] 5 . o;/Lk'g/fj]bg ug{ sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] zt{ Pj+ bfloTj;d]tnfO{ kfng gu/L, k'g/fj]bg ug]{ cjlwafFsL ePsf]n] km};nfadf]lhd s}bdf /fVg]sfo{ u}/sfg"gL eof] egL bfo/ ePsf] k|:t'taGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 lgj]bg dfu bfjL Pj+lgj]bstkm{sf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLsf]ax;;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

*= t;y{, dfly ljj]rgf ul/Pcg';f/cbfntaf6 s;"/ 7x/ eO{ ;hfo kfPsfs;"/bf/nfO{ tTsfn ;hfo sfof{Gjog ug{;lsg] d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] @#g+= df sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] / lgj]bsn]sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfpk/ d'n'sLP]g cbfntL aGbf]a:tsf] dxnsf] !($ g+= sf]k|lqmof ckgfO{ k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdfpQm sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cjnDag gu/L k|:t'tl/6 bfo/ u/ ]sfn ] cd/ g ]k fnLnfO {km};nfadf]lhd ;hfo c;"n ug{ y'g'jf k"hL{lbO{ y'gfdf k7fPsf] sfo{ sfg"gk|lts"n gb]lvFbfl/6 lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf]cfb]z hf/L ug{ ldn]g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t't l/6sf] bfo/Ltkm{sf]nut s6[f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'´fO{lbg" .


k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t -pk;lrj_ –lzjk|;fb vgfn

lg0f{o g+=*(&& lg0f{o g+=*(&& lg0f{o g+=*(&& lg0f{o g+=*(&& lg0f{o g+=*(&&

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

l/6 g+= )^^–WO–)())cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!@.*.%

ljifoM– pTk]|if0f;d]t .

lgj]bsM kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= %3/ eO{ sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnoaf6;DaGwgk|fKt gf]a]n d]l8sn sn]h P08l/;r{ ;]06/ -k|f_ ln= åf/f ;~rflntPd=aL=aL=P;=cWoog/t s[i0f a/fn

lj?4ljkIfLM sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno w'lnv]n ;d]t

§ s'g} klg ljZjljBfnoåf/f k|rlntsfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]s'g} ljifosf] kf7\oqmd tyf ljBfyL{egf {;DaGwL z } lI fs of ] Uotfsf ]cGt/\j:t'leq k|j]z u/L To;sf]pko'Qmtf jf cf}lrTosf ljifodfcbfntn] k'g/fnf]sg ug{ gldNg] .

§ gLltut Pj+ k|fl1s ljifoj:t'x¿gLltut Pj+ k|fl1s txaf6} lg/f]k0f x'g]jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf eO{ ;DalGwt txjf lgsfox¿df Jofj;flostfsf]ljsf;sf nflu dfu{k|z:t x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_§ ljZjljBfnosf cfGtl/s lg0f{o tyf

kq kl/kqx¿ ;fj{hlgs¿kdf k|sfzg&&&&&


382382382382382

gu/];Dd ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/LdfcfpFb}gg\ / ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;~rf/dfWodx¿df k|sfzg x'g] ;fj{hlgs;"rgfx¿nfO{ g} cflwsfl/s dfgL;j{;fwf/0f tyf egf{sf cfsfª\IfLljBfyL{x¿n] ljZjljBfno;Fu Jojxf/ug'{kg]{ x'G5 / o:tf ;"rgfx¿nfO{ g}j}w dfgL To;}df e/ kg'{ pgLx¿sfnflu c:jfefljs klg gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!$_§ z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿df ljBfyL{ egf{ tyf

k7gkf7gnufot ;DaGwg;Fu ;DalGwtljifoj:t'df sn]hx¿nfO{ ljZj-

ljBfnosf] gLlt tyf p2]Zocg'?ksl6a4 / b'?:t /xg nufO{ To;sf]pQ/bfloTj :jo+ af]w ug]{ st{Joaf6klg ljkIfL ljZjljBfno ljd'v x'gg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!^_§ ljZjljBfno jf o;sf] ;DaGwgk|fKt

d]l8sn sn]hn] lgj]bsnfO{ Pd=aL=aL=P;= sfo{qmddf egf{sf nflu of]Uotfk/LIf0f ug{ ;~rflnt k|j]z k/LIffdfpQL0f{ u/fO{ egf{ lnO{ cfkm\gf] cfr/0f /Jojxf/af6 lgj]bsnfO{ of]Uo 7x¥ofO{s]xL ;q cWoog;d]t u/L ;s]kl5lghsf] egf{;DaGwL of]Uotfdf k|Zg p7fO{/lhi6«]zg ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf] sfo{nfO{cf}lrTok"0f{ Pj+ dgf;La eGg g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!*_§ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf ;DaGwdf ljkIfL

ljZjljBfnosf tkm{af6 k|j]z k/LIfftyf egf{s} avt tTsfn lg0f{o x'gg;s]sf] oyfy{ / lgj]bsn] klg j}w

ck]Iff -Legitimate Expectation_ sf;fy ljkIfL sn]hdf egf{ eO{ u/]sf]cWoog / d]xgt tyf cfly{s nufgLPj+ JotLt ePsf] ;dotTj ;d]tnfO{ljrf/ ubf{ cWoog ug{af6 al~rt ug'{Gofo;+ut gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!(_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg\ jl/i7 clwjQmf zDe' yfkftyf ljåfg\ clwjQmf 6Lsf/fd e§/fO{

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg\ jl/i7 clwjQmfqo/fw]Zofd clwsf/L, lg/~hg cfrfo{ /k|sfz /fpt

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno P]g, @)$* sf]

bkmf #, %, *, (

cfb]zGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf !)&-@_ cGtu{t bfo/ x'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M–

d lgj]bs g]kfnL gful/s x'F . d}n]P;=Pn=;L= af]8{ g]kfnaf6 @)^! ;fndf k|yd>]0fLdf P;=Pn=;L=pQL0f{ u/]sf] 5' . k|fljlwslzIff tyf Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ (CTEVT)

af6 ;DaGwgk|fKt Pokhara Technical Health

Multipurpose Institute Pvt. Ltd af6 ;g\ @))*df Proficiency Certificate Examination in General

Medicine sf] k/LIff klg k|yd >]0fLdf g} pQL0f{u/]sf] 5' . d}n] pQL0f{ u/]sf] pQm k/LIffnfO{CTEVT n] Technical Certificate Level in Health

Science (General Medicine) ;/xsf] egL

383383383383383


;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . tTkZrft\ @)^^;fndf hgtf pRr dfWolds ljBfno, tfg;]gaf6Pre requisite Course ;d]t lj1fg ;+sfocGtu{tk|yd >]0fLdf g} pQL0f{ u/]sf] 5' . d}n] pQL0f{u/]sf] pQm k/LIff -!)±@_ ;/x /x]sf] egLpRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\n] k|df0fkq k|bfgu/]sf] 5 . pQm k|df0fkqx¿sf] cfwf/dflgj]bsnfO{ g]kfn :jf:Yo Joj;foL kl/ifb\dfbtf{ u/L k|df0fkq;d]t k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

ljkIfL sf7df8f} + ljZjljBfnoaf6Pd=aL=aL=P;=tyf aL=8L=P;=df egf{sf nfluegL @)^^.#.!( sf] sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf k|j]zk/LIffdf ;fd]n x'g tyf pQm ljifox¿ cWoogug{sf nflu cfjZos of]Uotf pNn]v u/L ;"rgfk|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ;"rgfdf Biology,

Physics, Chemistry / English d"n ljifo lnO{;a} ljifo tyf ;du|df ;d]t Go"gtd %)k|ltzt cÍ xfl;n u/]sf] / !& jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf]x'g'kg]{ egL of]Uotf tf]lsPsf] / pQm of]Uotfx¿cfkm"df /x]sfn] lgwf{l/t ;dodf g} kmd{ e/Ldl0fkfn sn]h ckm d]l8sn ;fOG;]haf6 k|j]zk/LIffdf ;xefuL ePsf] lyPF .

k|j]z k/LIffdf d pQL0f{ ePsf] / k|j]zk/LIffdf pQL0f { ePsf ljBfyL { ljkIfLljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DaGwgk|fKt h'g;'s} sn]hdfegf{ x'g;Sg] ePsf]n] ljkIfL gf]a]n d]l8snsn]h l6lrË xl:k6n P08 l/;r{ ;]06/dfPd=aL=aL=P;=df egf{ eO{ cWoog ul//x]sf]lyPF . cWoogsf nflu sn]hn] lgwf{/0fu/ ]adf ] lhd k6s k6s u/L xfn;Dd?=!*,$!,%)).– a'emfO;s]sf] 5' / ;]d]i6/k|0ffnLadf]lhd k/LIff ;~rfng ePsf] k|yd;]d]i6/sf] k/LIff lbO{ pQm k/LIffdf %@=(%k|ltzt cÍ k|fKt u/]sf] 5' .

o;}jLr æCTEVT af6 k|df0fkq txpQL0f{ u/L pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ (HSEB)

af6 tf]lsPsf] Bridge Course, I.Sc. ;/xsf nflurflxg] kf7\oqmdsf] t'ngfdf ;dofjlw / cÍef/gk'u b]lvPsf]n] KUMET k/LIffsf nflu of]UogePsf] egL sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno k|fl1skl/ifb\sf] @)^^ >fj0f @% df ;DkGg ^)cf}+a}7saf6 ePsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ cu:6 @))(;d"xdf egf{ ePsf s[i0f a/fnsf] /lhi6]«zgdflys'g} sf/jfxL gu/L o;};fy lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] 5ÆeGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf] ldlt@)^^.!!.!# sf] kq k|fKt ePsf] / ljZjljBfno;jf] {Rr lgsfo ePsf]n] ljZjljBfnosf]lgb]{zgnfO{ xfdLn] kfngf ug'{kg]{ afWofTdscj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf /lhi6]«zg g} gu/L÷geO{ljBfyL{nfO{ cWoog cWofkg u/fpg g;lsg]ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]xLcg';f/ ug{ tkfOFnfO{ cg'/f]wul/G5 eGg] ljkIfL sn]hsf] ldlt @)^^.!@.$sf] kq k|fKt ePsf]n] ;Ddflgt cbfntsf] z/0fdfcfPsf] 5' .

ljkIfL ljZjljBfnon] Pd=aL=aL=P;=cWoogsf] nflu k|j]z k/LIff lbg cfjZos kg]{egL k|j]z k/LIff;DaGwL ;"rgfdf pNn]v u/]sf;a} of]Uotfx¿ ddf /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL sf/0faf6g} d]/f] b/vf:t u|x0f u/L k|j]z k/LIffdf dnfO{;fd]n u/fOPsf] xf] . ;"rgfdf pNn]v ePsfof]Uotfx¿dWo] of] of]Uotf ddf g/x]sf] eGg]lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] ;f] kqdf pNn]vePsf] klg 5}g . oyfy{df To:tf] s'g} of]Uotfsf]cefj ddf /x]sf] klg 5}g . cfkm}+n] of]Uotfsf]lgwf{/0f u/L of]Uotf /x] g/x]sf] ;DaGwdf df}s}dfk/LIf0f u/L cfjZos of]Uotf /x]sf] 7x/ul/;s]sf] ljifodf ;dofGt/df cfP/ of]UotfgePsf] egL lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ljkIfL


384384384384384

ljZjljBfno tyf k|fl1s kl/ifb\nfO{ /x]sf] 5}g .d]/f] b/vf:t u|x0f u/L k|j]z k/LIffdf dnfO{;fd]n u/fO{ egf{ eO{ k|yd ;]d]i6/sf] k/LIff;d]tlbO;s]kl5 ljkIfL ljZjljBfno tyf k|fl1skl/ifb\n] dnfO{ cof]Uo 3f]lift ug{ ldNb}g .

k|j]z k/LIffsf nflu of]Uotf tf]sLk|sflzt ul/Psf] ;"rgfdf s'g ljifosf];dofjlw / cÍef/ slt x 'g 'kg ] { x f ]eGg];DaGwdf s]xL pNn]v g} ul/Psf] 5}g .;"rgfdf Biology, Physics, Chemistry / English

d"n ljifo lnO{ !)±@ jf k|jL0ftf k|df0fkqtx pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ / plNnlvt d"nljifox¿ tyf ;du|df ;d]t Go"gtd %)k|ltzt cÍ NofO{ pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ eGg]pNn]v 5 . of]Uotf tf]Sg] ;"rgfdf g} ljifoutcÍef/ tyf ;dofjlw gtf]sL s]jn ljifo,tx / cÍsf] k|ltzt tf]sL ;"rgf k|sflztu/L pQm of]Uotfx¿sf] cfwf/df k|j]z k/LIffdf;xefuL eO{ ;f] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L cWoog/td lgj]bssf] /lhi6]«zg gug]{ egL ljkIfLljZjljBfnon] u/]sf] lg0f{o :j]R5frf/L 5 .

ljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf] ;"rgfdf !)±@jf k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{egL of]Uotf tf]lsPsf] 5 . lgj]bsn] hgtfpRr dfWolds ljBfno tfg;]g kfNkfaf6 pQL0f{u/]sf] lj1fg ljifosf] Pre-requisite Course !)±@sf] ;dsIf /x]sf] egL pRr dfWolds lzIffkl/ifb\n] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . pRr dfWoldslzIff kl/ifb\sf] pQm k|df0fkqnfO{ cGoyf eGg]clwsf/ ljkIfL ljZjljBfno tyf k|fl1skl/ifb\nfO{ 5}g . k|j]z k/LIff;DaGwL ;"rgfdflj1fg ljifodf !)±@ jf k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx(Intermediate) df ljifout ¿kdf tyf;dli6ut¿kdf ;d]t Go"gtd %) k|ltzt cÍ

k|fKt u/L pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ egL of]Uotftf]lsPsf]df lgj]bssf] z}lIfs of]Uotf !)±@;/x /x]sf] egL pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\n]k|df0fkq k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] !)±@ k|jL0ftfk|df0fkq;/x x'g] Joj:Yff pRr dfWolds lzIffP]g, @)$^ sf] bkmf ( n] u/]sf] 5 . o;af6;"rgfdf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf] of]Uotf ddf/x]sf] cj:yfdf xfn cfP/ dnfO{ cof]Uo egLu/]sf] lg0f{o ab/efuL 5 . pQm lg0f{o ug'{ k"j{k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGtadf]lhd dnfO{ ;'g'jfOsf]df}sf k|bfg ug'{kg]{df ;f];d]t ul/Psf] 5}g .

ljkIfLsf] pk/f]Qm lg0f{o tyf kqx¿n]lgj]bssf] plNnlvt sfg"gL xssf] cnfjfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#-!_, !&, !* tyf !( ;d]tåf/f k|Tofe"t xscf3fltt ePsf] / ljkIfLaf6 ePsf] pQm lg0f{otyf kqfrf/nufotsf sfdsf/jfxLx¿ ab/ u/Lxssf] ;+/If0f tyf k|rng ul/kfpg] c¿k|efjsf/L j}slNks pkrf/sf] dfu{ gePsf]n]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@tyf !)&-@_ cGtu{t ;Ddflgt cbfnt;dIfof] lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:yt ePsf] 5' . ljkIfLljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s kl/ifb \sf ] ldlt@)^^.$.@% df ;DkGg ^) cf} + a}7saf6lgj]bssf] /lhi6«]zgdfly s'g} sf/jfxL gu/Llkmtf{ k7fpg] u/L ePsf] elgPsf] lg0f{o, ;f]lg0f{osf cfwf/df ljkIfL sn]hnfO{ n]lvPsf]ldlt @)^^.!!.!# sf] kq Pjd\ ljkIfL sn]hsf]ldlt @)^^.!@.$ sf] kqnufot ;f] ;DaGwdfljkIfLx¿af6 eP ul/Psf ;Dk"0f { sfdsf/jfxLx¿ pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/Llgj]bssf] /lhi6]«zg u|x0f ul/;s]sf]nfO{ oyfjt\dfGotf lbg', gfd btf{ ab/ ug]{ sfo{ gug"{gu/fpg', cWoog ul/;s]sf] / k|fKt k|df0fkq

385385385385385


Pjd\ cWoogsf] xsdf s'g} k|sf/sf] cj/f]wpTkGg gug'{ gu/fpg', cWoog ug{ lbg' lbnfpg'cWofkg ug'{ u/fpg' eGg] k/dfb]znufot hf]rflxg] pko'Qm cf1f jf cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm .

ljkIfLsf] pQm lg0f{o tyf kqx¿ tTsfnsfof{Gjog ePdf lgj]bs pRr lzIff xfl;nug{af6 al~rt x'g] / lgj]bssf] /lhi6]«zg lkmtf{u/L ;]d]i6/ k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;~rfng x'g]k/LIffx¿ lbgaf6 jl~rt ul/P lgj]bgsf] k|of]hgg} g/xg] eO{ ck"/0fLo xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g] cj:yfljBdfg /x]sf]n] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/fgeP;Dd ljjflbt lg0f{o / kqx¿ sfof{Gjoggu/L lgj]bsnfO{ lgoldt¿kdf Pd=aL=aL=P;=cWoog ug{ lbg' lbnfpg' / cGo ljBfyL{;/xlgj]bsnfO{ lgoldt k/LIffx¿df ;fd]n ug'{u/fpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf cGtl/dcfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf]lgj]bgkq .

ljkIfLx¿af6 lnlvthjfkm dufpg' .cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfusf ;DaGwdf, of] lgj]bgsf]clGtd 6' +uf] gnfu];Dd ljkIfL sf7df8f}ljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s kl/ifb\af6 lgj]bssf]/lhi6]«zgdfly s'g} sf/jfxL gu/L lkmtf{ k7fpg]u/L ldlt @)^^.$.@% df ;DkGg ̂ ) cf}+ a}7saf6ePsf] lg0f{o, ;f] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df ljkIfL gf]a]nsn]hnfO{ n]lvPsf] ldlt @)^^.!!.!# sf]kq;d]tsf sfo{x¿ sfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg'{,lgj ]bsnfO { Pd=aL=aL=P;=cWoog ug {lgoldt¿kdf lbg' lbnfpg' / cGo ljBfyL{x¿;/xlgoldt k/LIffdf ;fd]n ug'{ u/fpg' egL ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod $! cg';f/ljkIfLsf gfddf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf]5 . l/6 lgj]bgsf] ljifoj:t'sf] uDeL/tfnfO{dWogh/ u/L cu|flwsf/;d]t k|bfg ul/Psf] 5

eGg] Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.!@.@%sf] cfb]z .

ljkIfLn] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flostfnLd kl/ifb\ -CTEVT_ af6 k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{u/]sf 5g\ t/ Tof] pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\sf]!)±@ sf] kf7\oqmd;/x 5}g . To;}n] !)±@;/xsf nflu ljkIfLn] pre-requisite sf]if{ u/]sf]eGg] b]lvG5 . !)±@ sf] kl/ifb\sf] lkmlhS;,s]d]i6«L / afof]nf]hL;d]tsf ljifodf @)) k"0ff{Ísf]kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 / To;sf] ;dofjlw@ jif{sf] /x]sf] eGg]df klg ljjfb x'g;St}g .pk/f]Qm ljifox¿df ljkIfLn] CTEVT /kl/ifb\;d]t u/]/ k|To]s ljifodf hDdf !%)k"0ff{Ísf] dfq cWoog u/]sf 5g\ . plNnlvtk|To]s ljifodf afFsL %) k"0ff{Í / o;sf nflurflxg] cWoog ;do ^ dlxgf ljkIfLn] k"/fu/]sf 5}gg\ . kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPsf] kf7\oqmdsf]t'ngfdf ljkIfLn] k"/f u/]sf] sf]if{df ;dofjlw /cÍef/;d]t gk'u]sf] kfPkl5 lgj]bssf]/lhi6]«zgdfly s'g} sf/jfxL gu/L lkmtf{ k7fOPsf]xf] . ljZjljBfnon] k|j]z k/LIffsf nflu eg]/k|sflzt ;"rgfdf !)±@ jf ;f] ;/xsf] of]Uotfk'u]sfnfO{ g} cfJxfg u/]sf] xf] . !)±@ jf ;f];/xsf] k|df0fkq gePsfnfO{ cfJxfg ul/Psf]xf]Og . t/ lgj]bs ;f] of]Uotf g} gk'uL k|j]zk/LIffdf ;xefuL ePsf] eGg] ljZjljBfnonfO{yfxf ePkl5 afWo eP/ lghnfO {Pd=aL=aL=P;=sf] lglDt /lhi6/ gul/Psf] xf]eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL sf7df8f} ljZjljBfno,P]=sf] k|fl1s kl/ifb\ / /lhi6«f/;d]tsf] ;+o'Qmlnlvthjfkm .

k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tfnLdkl/ifb\ -CTEVT_ af6 :jf:Yo lj1fg / hg/nd]l8l;gdf k|df0fkq txsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf]


386386386386386

cfwf/df o; ljZjljBfnosf] Pd=aL=aL=P;=sfo{qmddf egf{ x'g ;lsFb}g . To;sf nflubz hf]8 b'O{ jf ;f];/xsf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf]x'g'kb{5 . ToxL p2]Zon] ljkIfLn] pRr dfWoldslzIff kl/ifb\af6 ToxfFsf] la|h sf]if{ k9]/ bzhf]]8 b'O{;/xsf] tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] eGg] cfwf/df:jf:Yo lj1fg, :gfts txsf lglDt o;ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;~rflnt egf{ k/LIffdf ;l/sePsf lyP . t/ ljkIfLsf] ;f] egf{ k/LIffsfnflu of]Uotf k'u]sf] lyPg lsgeg] bz hf]8b'O{;/x x'gsf nflu c+u|]hL, lkmlhS;, s]d]i6«L/ afof]nf]hL;d]t k|To]sdf !)) k"0ff{Ísf] sf]if{k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . ljkIfLn] pQm ljifox¿df%) k"0ff{Ísf] sf]if{ dfq k"/f u/]sf 5g\ . ljkIfLn]la|hsf]if{ u/]/ klg bz hf]8 b'O{;/xsf] sf]if{k"/f u/]sf] gb]lvFbf ljZjljBfnon] lghnfO{/lhi6]«zg gu/]sf] xf] . ;Ddflgt cbfntaf6hf/L cGtl/d cfb]zsf] cfwf/df lgj]bsnfO{k|yd efusf] k/LIffdf ;dfj]z u/fOPsf] 5 .k/LIffdf ;dfj]z u/fOPsf] eP klg gtLhfk|sfzgsf af/]df cGtl/d cfb]zdf s]xL pNn]vgePsf]n] lghsf] k/LIffsf] glthf k|sfzgul/Psf] 5}g . Pd=aL=aL=P;=sfo{qmddf k|ydefusf] k/LIff pQL0f{ gu/L bf];|f] efudf ;lDdlntu/fpg gldNg] egL k|fl1s kl/ifb\n] dfkb08lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;Gbe{df bf];|f] efusf] k/LIffdflgj]bsnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg lgodljk/Lt x'g]l:ylt pTkGg ePsf]n] ;Ddflgt cbfntaf6hf/L cGtl/d cfb]z vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL sf7df8f} ljZjljBfnosftkm{af6 k/]sf] lgj]bgkq .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"lrdf r9L k]zx'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ldl;n;+nUg;Dk"0f{ sfuhft cWoog ul/of] .

lgj]bstkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg\ jl/i7clwjQmf >L zDe' yfkf tyf ljåfg\ clwjQmf>L 6Lsf/fd e§/fO{n] lgj]bsn] ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnoåf/f lgwf{l/t z}lIfs of]Uotfxfl;n u/L Pd=aL=aL=P;=÷aL=8L=P; txdfcWoog ug{sf nflu ;f] ljZjljBfnoåf/f;~rflnt k|j]z k/LIff (KUMET-2009) dfpQL0f{ eO{ ljkIfL gf]a]n d]l8sn sn]hdfegf{ eO{ cWoog ul//x]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg5 . lgj]bsn] P;=Pn=;L=kZrft\ k|fljlwslzIff tyf Joj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\ -CTEVT_cGtu{tsf] kf]v/f 6]lSgsn x]Ny dlN6k/kf]hOlGi6Ro"6 kf]v/faf6 Health Science (General

Medicine) ljifodf # jif]{ k|jL0ftf k|df0fkqtxsf] cWoog k"/f u/L pRr dfWolds lzIffkl/ifb\af6 pRr dfWolds txsf] lj1fg ljifo;d"x;/xsf] ;dsIftf k|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdflgwf{l/t Pre-requisite Course ;d]t ;DkGgu/L ljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf] k|j]z k/LIff(KUMET-2009) df ;lDdlnt ePsf] / ljkIfLd]l8sn sn]hn] ;f]xL z}lIfs of]Uotfx¿sf]cfwf/df lgj]bsnfO{ Pd=aL=aL=P;=txdf egf{u/L k7gkf7g u/fpFb}cfPsf] xf] . o;/L k|j]zk/LIf f lnO { egf {;d ]t u/L k7gkf7gu/fpFb}cfPsf] cfkm\gf] ljBfyL{nfO{ kl5af6/ lhi6 « ]zg ug { OGsf/ u/ ]sf ] ljkI f LljZjljBfnosf] lg0f{o sfg"gk|lts"n ePsf]n]dfuad]flhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kb{5 egL ax;ug ' { eo f ] . To:t } ljkI f L s f7df8 f } +ljZjljBfnosf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg\ jl/i7clwjQmfqo >L /fw]Zofd clwsf/L, >Llg/~hg cfrfo{ / >L k|sfz /fptn]] lgj]bsn]k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\-CTEVT_ af6 k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/]sf 5g\

387387387387387


t/ ;f] pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\sf] !)±@sf] kf7oqmd;/x 5}g . pRr dfWolds lzIffkl/ifb\sf] !)±@ sf] kf7\oqmddf lkmlhS;,s]ldi6«L, afof]nf]hL;d]tsf ljifox¿df @))k"0ff{Ísf] kf7\oqmd lgwf{l/t 5 / ;dofjlwklg @ jif{sf] /x]sf] 5 . lgj]bsn] pRrdfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\af6 ;~rflnt Pre-

requisite Course cWoog u/]sf] eP klg ;f]sf]if{ / CTEVT sf] hf]8\bf klg tL k|To]sljifodf @)) k"0ff{Í / @ jif{ ;dofjlw k'Ub}g .To;}n] ljZjljBfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]cg'?ksf]!)±@ jf ;f];/xsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf lgj]bsn]xfl;n gu/]sf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ Pd=aL=aL=P;=txsf] cWoogsf nflu cof]Uo 7x/ u/]sf]ljZjljBfnosf] lg0f{o ljlw;Ddt\ ePsf]n]l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] .

plNnlvt ax;;d]t ;'gL lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'gkg]{ xf], xf]OgeGg] ljifodf lg0f{o lbg'k/]sf] 5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, l/6 lgj]bss[i0f a/fn ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnoåf/fPd=aL=aL=P;=÷aL=8L=P;=k|f]u|fd cWoogsf nflu;~rflnt k|j]z k/LIff KUMET-2009 df;lDdlnt eO{ k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L ;f]xLljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DaGwg k|fKt ljkIfL gf]a]nd]l8sn sn]h l6lrª xl:k6n P08 l/;r{ ;]06/k|f=ln= lj/f6gu/df Pd aL=aL=P; tx -cui6@))( ;d"x_ df egf{ ePsf] tYodf ljjfbb]lvGg .

#= lgj]bs pQm sn]hdf egf{ eO{cWoog/t /x]s} avt æCTEVT af6 k|df0fkqtx pQL0f{ u/L pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\(HSEB) af6 tf]lsPsf] Bridge Course, I.Sc

;/xsf nflu rflxg] kf7\oqmdsf] t'ngfdf

;dofjlw / cÍef/ gk'u b]lvPsf]n] KUMET

k/LIffsf nflu of]Uo gePsf] egL k|fl1skl/ifb\sf] @)^^ ;fpg @% df ;DkGg ^) cf}+a}7saf6 ePsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ cui6 @))(;d "xd f egf { ePsf s [ i 0 f a/ fnsf ]/lhi6«]zgdfly s'g} sf/jfxL gu/L o;};fylkmtf{ k7fOPsf] 5Æ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfLsf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf] ldlt @)^^.!!.!#sf] kq ljkIfL sn]hdf k|fKt ePsf] / sn]hn];f ]sf ] hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 lgj]bs ldlt@)^^.!@.@$ df k|:t't lgj]bg lnO{ cbfntk|j]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= ljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf] ldlt@)^^.!!.!# sf] pQm kqdf plNnlvt ;f]ljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s kl/ifb \sf ] ldlt@)^^.$.@% df ;DkGg ̂ ) cf}+ a}7ssf] dfOGo'6ptf/ x]bf{ z}lIfs ;q @))(.@)!) sf nfluPd=aL=aL=P;=sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{ egf{ lng];DaGwdf, @)^^ >fj0f $ ut] ;DkGg K.U.,T.U., BPKIHS sf pks'nkltx¿ / g]kfnd]l8sn sfplG;nsf cWoIf ;lDdlnt a}7saf6Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English d'Voljifox¿;lxt g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;nn]tf]s]sf cfwf/x¿ k"/f u/]sf ±@ jf cfO=P:;Ljf ;f] ;/xsf txdf sDtLdf s"n %) k|ltztcÍ k|fKt u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ Pd=aL=aL=P;=k|j]z k/LIffdf a:gsf nflu Go"gtd of]Uotflgwf{/0f ePsf] / k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flostfnLd kl/ifb\ -CTEVT_ af6 k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{u/L pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ (HSEB) af6tf]lsPsf] Bridge Course, I.Sc ;/xsf nflurflxg] kf7\oqmdsf] t'ngfdf ;dofjlw / cÍef/gk'u b]lvPsf]n] KUMET k/LIffsf nflu of]UogePsf] eGg];d]t lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 .

&&&&&


388388388388388

%= ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnon]Pd=aL=aL=P;=÷aL=8L=P;=sfo{qmdsf nflucfJxfg u/]sf] k|j]z k/LIff (KUMET-2009) ;DaGwL;fj{hlgs ;"rgfdf ;f] sfo{qmdsf nflu Eligibility

Criteria cGtu{t cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm"Candidates, who have completed 10+2 years

of education or Intermediate of Science or

equivalent; with Biology, Physics, Chemistry and

English as main subjects and having secured

not less than 50 percent marks in the subject

mentioned above put together and an overall

aggregate of 50 percent, are eligible to apply"

eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .

^= ljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf] pQm Eligibility

Criteria cg'?ksf] cfkm\gf] z}lIfs of]Uotf /x]sf]eGg] lgj]bssf] bfjL /x]sf] 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdfldl;n;+nUg sfuhft cWoog u/L x]bf{ lgj]bsn]k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\-CTEVT_ cGtu{tsf] kf]v/f 6]lSgsn x]NydlN6kkf]{h OlGi6Ro"6af6 Health Science (General

Medicine) sfo{qmddf # jif]{ k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq(Proficiency Certificate) tx ;g\ @))* df s"n&(=$$ k|ltzt cÍ;lxt k|yd >]0fLdf pQL0f{u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ldl;n;+nUg pQm 6«fG;lqmK6sf]k|ltlnlk x]bf{ k|yd jif{df /x]sf English, Physics,Chemistry ljifodf lgwf{l/t k"0ff{Í / lgj]bsn]xfl;n u/]sf] cÍ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] b]lvG5M–

Subject Full Marks Pass Marks Marks Secured

Int. Ext. Total Int. Ext. Total Int. Ext. Total

English 20 80 100 8 32 40 13 42 55

Physics(Th) 16 64 80 6.4 25.6 32 16 38 54

Physics (Pr) 8 12 20 4.8 7.2 12 8 12 20

Chemistry (Th) 16 64 80 6.4 25.6 32 15 42 57

Chemistry (Pr) 8 12 20 4.8 7.2 12 6 10 16

&= pk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfxfl;n u/]kl5 pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\n]:jf:Yo lj1fg ljifodf k|fljlws lzIff tyfJoj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ (CTEVT) jf ;f]åf/fdfGotfk|fKt ;+:yfaf6 # jif]{ k|jL0ftf k|df0fkqtx pQL0f{ u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ pRr dfWoldstxsf] lj1fg ljifo ;d"x ;/xsf] ;dsIftfk|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;f] kl/ifb\n] tof/ u/]sf]kf7\oqmdcg';f/sf] Pre-requisite Course

lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^%.!!.@@ b]lv @)^^.$.!@

;Dd hgtf pRr df=lj=tfg;]g, kfNkfdfcWoog u/L pQL0f{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . s"n k"0ff{Í#)) df lgj]bsn] !*# cÍ xfl;n u/]sf]ldl;n;+nUg pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\sf]pQm dfs{l;6sf] k|ltlnlk x]bf{ Compulsory

English , Physics , Chemistry , Biology

ljifox¿sf] cÍef/ / tL ljifox¿df lgj]bsn]xfl;n u/]sf] cÍsf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf]b]lvG5M–

389389389389389


*= lgj]bsn] pQL0f{ u/]sf] Compulsory

Nepali / Mathematics ljifo;lxtsf] pk/f]QmPre requisite sf]if{nfO{ pRr dfWolds lzIffkl/ifb\n] lj1fg ljifodf pRr dfWolds tx-!)±@_ ;/xsf] (Equivalent to Higher Secondary

Level -10±2_ in Science Subjects) egL ;dsIftflgwf{/0f u/]sf];d]t ldl;n;+nUg k|df0fkqsf]k|ltlnlkaf6 b]lvG5 .

(= pk/f]Qmfg';f/ cfkm"n] pRr dfWoldstx -!)±@_ ;/xsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n u/]sf]n]ljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf] Pd=aL= aL=P;=txdf cWoogug{ cfkm"of]Uo (Eligible) /x]sf] eGg] lgj]bssf] bfjL/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnosf] lnlvthjfkm x]bf{ lgj]bsn] CTEVT

af6 pQL0f{ u/]sf] k|df0fkq txsf] z}lIfs of]UotfpRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\sf] !)±@ sf]kf7\oqmd;/x gePsf] cyf{t\ pRr dfWolds lzIffkl/ifb\n] pRr dfWolds tx -!)±@_ sf nfluPhysics, Chemistry / Biology ;d]tsf ljifox¿sfnflu @)) k"0ff{Í lgwf{/0f u/]sf] / cWoog cjlwklg @ jif{sf] /x]sf]df lgj]bsn] CTEVT / pRrdfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\ -HSEB_ b'j}af6 cWoog

u/]sf]nfO{ hf]8\bf klg pQm ljifox¿df !%) k"0ff{Ídfqsf] cWoog u/]sf] / @ jif{sf] cWoog cjlwklg k"/f gePsf] x'Fbf lgj]bsn] xfl;n u/]sf] pQmz}lIfs of]Uotf ljZjljBfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] z}lIfsof]Uotf cyf{t\ pRr dfWolds tx -!)±@_ jf;f];/x gePsf] eGg] lhsL/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

!)= ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf]k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)^^.$.@% sf] pk/f]Qmlg0f{o tyf Pd=aL=aL=P;=÷aL=8L=P;= z}lIfssfo{qmddf egf{sf nflu ;f] ljZjljBfnoåf/flgwf{l/t Eligibility Criteria / lnlvthjfkmJoxf]/f;d]taf6 l/6 lgj]bsn] k|fljlws lzIfftyf Joj;flos tfnLd kl/ifb\ -CTEVT_ af6xfl;n u/]sf] k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq txsf] z}lIfsof]Uotf / ;f] of]UotfnfO{ pRr dfWolds tx-!)±@_ ;/xsf] ;dsIftf k|bfg ug]{ k|of]hgsfnflu pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\åf/f ;~rflntPre requisite Course nfO{ ;d]t ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnon] pRr dfWolds tx -!)±@_;/xsf] dfGotf k|bfg gu/]sf] b]lvg cfof] .

!!= ca, lgj]bsn] xfl;n u/]sf pk/f]Qmz}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ pRr dfWolds tx -!)±@_

Subject Full Marks Pass Marks Marks Obtained

Th Pr Th Pr Th Pr Total

Compulsory English 80 32 47 47

Physics 35 15 14 6 22 15 37

Chemistry 35 15 14 6 15 15 30

Biology 35 15 14 6 20 15 35


390390390390390

;/xsf] dfGotf k|bfg gug]{ u/L ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s kl/ifb\n] u/]sf] pQmlg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt 5 5}g eGg];DaGwdf ljZn]if0fug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . tT;DaGwdf sf7df8f} +ljZjljBfno P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf # dfljZjljBfno :jzfl;t ;+:yf x'g]5 eGg] k|fjwfg/x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} bkmf * df ljZjljBfnosf]z}lIfs tyf k|fl1s s'/fdf d'Vo lgsfosf] ¿kdfsfo{ ug{ k|fl1s kl/ifb\ /xg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5eg] bkmf ( df ljZjljBfnodf x'g] cWoog tyfcWofkgsf] u'0f:t/, kf7\oqmd, k/LIffsf] :t/ /lsl;d, d"NofÍg ljlwx¿, lzIf0f ;fdu|Lx¿,ljBfyL{ egf{;DaGwL ;+Vof / of]Uotf lgwf{/0fug]{;d]tsf] clwsf/ k|fl1s kl/ifb\nfO{ /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

!@= sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno P]gsfpk/f ]Qm Joj:yfx¿af6 ljZjljBfnosf]kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f ug{ tyf z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿dfljBfyL{ egf{sf nflu z}lIfs of]Uotf lgwf{/0fug{ ;f] ljZjljBfno :jtGq /x]sf] b]lvG5 .o:tf] k|fl1s :jtGqtf ljZjljBfnonfO{ x'gjf~5gLo klg x'G5 . z}lIfs sfo{qmd tyfkf7\oqmd Pj+ z}lIfs pkflwx¿sf] u'0f:t/sf]lgwf{/0f, ljZn]if0f, d"NofÍg tyf dfkg ug]{ljifo cfkm}+df k|fl1s sfo{ ePsf]n] ;f] sfo{;DalGwt ljZjljBfno jf z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿s}ljz]if1tf (Expertise) sf] ljifo xf] . ;f]afx]scbfnt jf cGo s'g} lgsfodf To:tf] ljz]if1tfgx'g] x'Fbf s'g} klg ljZjljBfnoåf/f k|rlntsfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] s'g}ljifosf] kf7\oqmd tyf ljBfyL{ egf{;DaGwLz}lIfs of]Uotfsf] cGt/j:t'leq k|j]z u/LTo;sf] pko'Qmtf jf cf}lrTosf ljifodfcbfntn] k'g/fnf]sg ug{ ldNb}g . cfkm\gf]

ljz]if1tf gePsf] / cbfntn] ckgfpg] Goflosk|lqmofsf ljlzi6 k4ltx¿af6 lg/f]k0f ug{klg g;lsg] (Non-justiciable) o:tf k|fl1sPj+ gLltut ljifoj:t'x¿df k|j]z u/L cGoyfcfb]z ug{ cbfntn] ;+od ckgfpg' kb{5 /o; cbfntn] ;f] ub}{cfPsf] klg 5 . o;af6gLltut Pj+ k|fl1s ljifoj:t'x¿ gLltut Pj+k|fl1s txaf6} lg/f]k0f x'g] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gfeO { ;Dal Gwt tx jf lgsfox¿dfJofj;flostfsf] ljsf;sf nflu dfu{k|z:tx'g] ub{5 .

!#= pk/f]Qm ljZn]if0faf6 l/6 lgj]bsn]xfl;n u/]sf] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flostfnLd kl/ifb\ -CTEVT_ cGtu{tsf] k|jL0ftfk|df0fkq txsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / pRr dfWoldslzIff kl/ifb\ -HSEB_ sf] Pre-requisite Course

(Bridge Course) cWoog u/L xfl;n u/]sf]of]Uotf;d]tnfO{ Pd=aL=aL=P;=txdf egf{ x'g]k|of]hgsf nflu pRr dfWolds tx -!)±@_;/xsf] dfGotf k|bfg gug]{ egL ljkIfLljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s kl/ifb\n] u/]sf] lg0f{osfg"gk|lts"n gb]lvFbf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd;f] lg0f{onfO{ ab/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPg .

!$= t/ ljkIfL ljZjljBfnon]Pd=aL=aL=P;=/aL=8L=P;= txdf egf{sf nflucfx\jfg u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf (KUMET-2009)

x]bf{ !)±@ tx jf ;f] ;/xsf] z}lIfs of]Uotfxfl;n u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿n] ;d]t cfj]bg ug{;Sg]u/L ;fdfGo¿ksf] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf]b]lvG5 . ljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] ldlt@)^^.$.@% sf] ^) cf}+ a}7sn] z}lIfs ;q@))(.@)!) sf nflu Pd=aL=aL=P;= sfo{qmddfegf{sf nflu Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf lgwf{/0fu/]sf] / k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd

391391391391391


kl/ifb\ -CTEVT_ af6 k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/LpRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\af6 ;~rflnt Bridge

Course cWoog u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿ KUMET k|j]zk/LIffsf nflu of]Uo gx'g] egL lg0f{o u/]sf]b]lvP klg ;f] lg0f{osf] Joxf]/f KUMET sf] k|j]zk/LIffsf nflu k|sflzt u/]sf] ;"rgfaf6 b]lvFb}g .ljZjljBfnosf cfGtl/s lg0f{o tyf kqkl/kqx¿ ;fj{hlgs¿kdf k|sfzg gu/];Dd;j{;fwf/0fsf ] hfgsf/Ldf cfpFb }gg\ /ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;~rf/ dfWodx¿df k|sfzgx'g] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfx¿nfO{ g} cflwsfl/s dfgL;j{;fwf/0f tyf egf{sf cfsf+IfL ljBfyL{x¿n]ljZjljBfno;Fu Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 / o:tf;"rgfx¿nfO{ g} j}w dfgL To;}df e/ kg'{pgLx¿sf nflu c:jfefljs klg x'Fb}g .

!%= k|:t't ljjfbdf k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf]pQm lg0f{o ljkIfL ljZjljBfnon] KUMET h:tf]egf{;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfdf k|i6¿kdf pNn]vul/lbPsf] eP ljBfyL{x¿n] :ki6¿kdf ;"lrtx'g] df}sf kfpg] lyP / of]Uotf g} gk'u]sf]ljifodf cfj]bg u/]sf] egL oL l/6 lgj]bssfxsdf eGg ;lsg] cj:yf x'g ;StYof] t/ljZjljBfno cfkm} +n] cfkm\g} lg0f{oljk/LtcfjZos of]Uotf gePsf l/6 lgj]bssf]cfj]bgnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L ldlt @)^^.%.@$ dfePsf] k|j]z k/LIffdf ;fd]n u/fPsf] cj:yf5 . k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] pQm lg0f{o ljBfyL{egf{;DaGwL ;"rgfdf ;fj{hlgs¿kdf k|sfzggu/L l/6 lgj]bsnufot ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{:ki6¿kdf ;'; " lrt u/fpg] sfd klgljZjljBfnon] u/]sf ] b ] lvFb }g . ljkIfLljZjljBfnoaf6 x'guPsf] of] Joj:yfksLoq'l6sf sf/0f l/6 lgj]bs kLl8t x'g'x'Fb}g eGg]s'/fdf ljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf tkm{af6 pkl:yt

ljåfg\ sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] klg ;xdlt JoQmub}{ ljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s :jtGqtf s'l07t gx'g]/ lgj]bsn] pkrf/ klg kfpg] dWodfuL{ ;dfwfgsfnflu Ohnf;;dIf cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 .

!^= ljkIfLdWo]sf] gf]a]n d]l8sn sn]hn]lnlvthjfkm g} lbPsf] b]lvFb}g . pQm sn]hsf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnoåf/f ;DaGwgk|fKt sn]h/x]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] sn]h / ;DaGwgk|bfg ug]{ sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnoaLrsf] s/f/Lo;DaGw h] h:tf] /x]sf] eP klg ;DaGwgleqsf]ljifoj:t'df o; cbfntn] ljZjljBfno /sn]hnfO{ lg/k]If?kdf cnUofP/ x]g{ ldNb}g .sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %df sn]hsf] z}lIfs ;DaGwgaf/] cfjZos k|aGwug]{ / ;DaGwg k|fKt sn]hnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg]tyf dfu{bz{g ug]{;d]tsf] sfd, sQ{Jo / clwsf/ljZjljBfno ;efnfO{ /x]ePsf] b]lvFbf cfkm"åf/f;DaGwg k|bfg ul/Psf sn]hx¿sf] lgodgsf/Llgsfo ljZjljBfno :jo+ g} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;kl/k]|Iodf z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿df ljBfyL{ egf{tyf k7gkf7gnufot ;DaGwg;Fu ;DalGwtljifoj:t'df sn]hx¿nfO{ ljZjljBfnosf] gLlttyf p2]Zocg'?k sl6a4 / b'?:t /xg nufO{To;sf] pQ/bfloTj :jo+ af]w ug]{ st{Joaf6 klgljkIfL ljZjljBfno ljd'v x'g;Sg] l:ylt b]lvFb}g .

!&= k|:t't ljjfbdf lgj]bs ;lDdlntPd=aL=aL=P;= txsf] k|j]z k/LIff ljkIfLljZjljBfno :jo+n] ;~rfng u/]sf] / ;f]k|j]z k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ePsf] cfwf/df lgj]bssf];f] z}lIfs sfo{qmddf ljkIfL gf]a]n d]l8snsn ]hdf egf { ePsf ] eGg ] b ] lvG5 .ljZjljBfnon] o:tf] k|j]z k/LIff tyf egf{s}r/0fdf ljBfyL{x¿sf] of]Uotf;DaGwL ljifodfuDeL/tfk"j{s hfFra'em u/L tTsfn lg0f{o ug]{


392392392392392

bl/nf] Joj:yfksLo kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; ug{;s] k|:t't lgj]bgdf Pd=aL=aL=P;= sfo{qmddfegf{ ePkZrft\ b]lvPh:tf ljjfb / cK7\of/fkl/l:yltx¿nfO{ cufl8 g} lg/fs/0f ug{ ;lsg]x'Fbf To;tkm{ ljZjljBfnosf] Wofg cfs[i6 x'g'cTofjZos b]lvG5 .

!*= dfly ul/Psf] ljj]rgfaf6 lgj]bsn]xfl;n u/]sf] z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ ljkIfL sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnon] cfkm\gf] Pd=aL=aL=P;=sfo{qmddfegf{ x'gsf nflu cfjZos of]Uotfsf] ¿kdfdfGotf glbPsf] eP tfklg ;f] ljZjljBfnoåf/f;~rflnt k|j]z k/LIffdf lgj]bs ;lDdlnt eO{k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L ljZjljBfnoåf/f ;DaGwgk|fKt d]l8sn sn]hdf lgj]bs egf{ eO{ cWoogul//x ]sf ] cj:yfdf 9Lnf ] u/L ljkIfLljZjljBfnon] lgj]bssf] z}lIfs of]Uotf;DaGwLk|Zg p7fO{ lghnfO{ Pd=aL=aL=P;=txsf] z}lIfssfo{qmddf /lhi6]«zg ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf] sfo{af6l;lh{t kl/0ffdx¿nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ljZjljBfno jf o;sf];DaGwgk|fKt d]l8sn sn]hn] lgj]bsnfO{Pd=aL=aL=P;=sfo{qmddf egf{sf nflu of]Uotfk/LIf0f ug{ ;~rflnt k|j]z k/LIffdf pQL0f{u/fO{ egf{ lnO{ cfkm\gf] cfr/0f / Jojxf/af6lgj]bsnfO{ of]Uo 7x¥ofO{ s]xL ;q cWoog;d]tu/L ;s]kl5 lghsf] egf{;DaGwL of]Uotfdf k|Zgp7fO{ /lhi6«]zg ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf] sfo{nfO{cf}lrTok"0f{ Pj+ dgf;La eGg ;lsg] x'Fb}g .

!(= cfkm"nfO{ /lhi6«]zg gug]{ ljkIfLljZjljBfnosf] pQm lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L ePkZrft\lgj]bs k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{ o; cbfntdfk |j ]z u/ ]sf ]df o; cbfntaf6 ljkIfLljZjljBfnosf] ;f] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gug{ gu/fpg/ lgj]bsnfO{ lghn] cWoog ul//x]sf ]

Pd=aL=aL=P;=sfo{qmdsf] k7gkf7gaf6 al~rtgug{ ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf ldlt @)^^.!@.@% dfcGtl/d cfb]z hf/L eO{ lgj]bs lg/Gt/¿kdfcWoog ul/cfPsf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 eg];f] cGtl/d cfb]z ab/ ul/kfpFm egL 9Lnf] u/Lldlt @)^(.!!.* df dfq ljkIfL ljZjljBfnon]o; cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o;k[i7e"lddf lgj]bssf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf ;DaGwdfljkIfL ljZjljBfnosf tkm{af6 k|j]z k/LIff tyfegf{s} avt tTsfn lg0f{o x'g g;s]sf] oyfy{ /lgj]bsn] klg j}w ck]Iff -Legitimate Expectation_sf ;fy ljkIfL sn]hdf egf{ eO{ u/]sf] cWoog/ d]xgt tyf cfly{s nufgL Pj+ JotLt ePsf];do tTj;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsnfO{ cacfP/ cWoog ug{af6 al~rt ug'{ Gofo;+utgx'g] x'Fbf lgj]bssf xsdf klg cGo ljBfyL{;/xg} ljZjljBfnoåf/f Pd=aL=aL=P;=txdf egf{ x'gsfnflu lgwf{l/t z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n u/L egf{ePsf] dfgL cGo ljBfyL{;/xs} Jojxf/ lghnfO{klg u/L cWoog ug{ lbg' / ;f] k|of]hgsf nflulghsf] gfd /lhi6]«zg ug]{, k/LIff lng] tyfk/LIffkmn k|sflzt ug]{nufotsf hf] ug'{kg]{ ;a}lgoldt k|lqmofx¿ k"/f ug'{ u/fpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf gfddf ljz]if cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf]5 . cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L ljkIfLx¿nfO{ u/fO{ ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'emfOlbg" .

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .sf=d'=k|=Gof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t * ut] /f]h % z'ed\–––Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{

&&&&&

393393393393393

*(&* –*(&* –*(&* –*(&* –*(&* – ;'lgtf lji6 lj=;dL/ s]=;L= ;d]t

lg0f{o g+=*(&* lg0f{o g+=*(&* lg0f{o g+=*(&* lg0f{o g+=*(&* lg0f{o g+=*(&*

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo sf=d'=k|=Gof= >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLl/6 g+= )^(–WH–))&@cfb]z ldltM @)&).!.@#.@

ljifoM aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f .

lgj]bsM nlntk'/ lhNnf, nlntk'/pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !#, hfjnfv]na:g] ;dL/ s]=;L=sf] 3/df /x]sL gfaflnsf5f]/L jif{ % sL l;l4sf s]=;L= sf] xsdfP]=P]= 3/ eO{ xfn eQmk'/ lhNnf, gln~rf]sj8f g+= & l:yt dfOtL 3/df a:g] cfdf;'gLtf lai6

lj?4ljkIf L M nlntk '/ lhNnf , nlntk '/

pkdxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= !#,hfjnfv]n a:g] ;dL/ s]=;L= ;d]t

§ afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt aGbLk|ToIfL-s/0fsf d'2fdf cbfnt ljz]if ¿kdf;+j]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 / cbfnt afa' jfcfdf jf c¿ s;}sf] cxd\sf] k[i7kf]ifsaGg g;Sg] .

§ afnaflnsfx¿sf] cleefjsaLrsf]ljjfbdf cbfntn] afndgf]lj1fgsf]s;Ldf ;DalGwt afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{QdlxtnfO{ g} Gofosf] cfwf/ agfpg' kg]{ .

§ afnaflnsfsf] lxt;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fsfxsdf afn Gofok|0ffnLsf cfwf/e"tdfGotfnfO{ cjnDag ug}{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=@_§ klt–kTgLsf aLrsf] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf]

;d:ofsf] k|efj gfaflnu 5f]/f5f]/Ldf;d]t kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf]df To;sf]Iflt s;/L lgoGq0f u/L Go"g ug{ ;lsG5eGg] s'/fsf] vf]hL g} afn Gofok|0ffnLsf]dd{ xf] . afa' cfdfsf aLrsf] ;DaGwaf6pTkGg x'g] ;d:ofsf] b'ik|efj gfaflnu5f]/f5f]/Ldf kg{ lbg gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm\gf ] kl/jf/sf

;b:ox¿dWo] sf];Fu /dfpF5g\, sf];Fuv'zL x'G5g\, sf];Fu a:bf pgLx¿nfO{;'ljwf x'G5, pgLx¿sf] eljio s;/LpHHjn x'G5, pgLx¿sf] kfngkf]if0f, lzIff,:jf:Yof]krf/ / dgf]/~hgsf] kIf s;af6k|efjsf/L aGb5 eGg] h:tf ljifosf]d"NofÍg gu/L PsfËL 9+un] lg0f{odf k'Ubfafnaflnsfsf] eljiosf ;DaGwdf Tof]emg} k|To'Tkfbs klg x'g ;Sb5 . To;}n]o:tf ljifodf ;DalGwt afnaflnsfsf];jf]{Qd lxtsf] kIfnfO{ ;fËf]kfË ¿kdfx]/L ;dGoflos b[li6sf]0faf6 lgisif{dfk'Ug' ckl/xfo{ x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_§ s;}sf ] JolQmut :jfy{, cxd\ /

cfTd;Gt ' l i6sf nf lu caf ]wafnaflnsfnfO{ k|tf8Lt ul/g' x'Fb}g .afnaflnsfsf] eljio;Fu /fi6«sf] eljioufFl;Psf] x' Fbf To:tf] ;+j]bgzLn


394394394394394

ljifonfO{ xNsf 9+un] u|x0f u/LpgLx¿sf] lxtsf] kIfnfO{ j]jf:tf ul/FbfTo;n] kfg]{ c;/ cToGt eofjx x'g;Sb5 . To;}n] of] ljifonfO{ Pp6f JolQm/ Pp6f kl/jf/leqsf] ;d:of dfq dfg]/kl~5g' Gofof]lrt\ gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_§ gfaflnsfnfO{ cfkm\gL cfdfaf6 k"0f{tM

cnu /flvFbf lghsf] slnnf] dlitisdfkg{;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjsf k|ltcbfnt lg:k[x a:g gldNg] .

§ aflnsf afa'sL cfdf cyf{t\ xh'/cfdfsf];fydf v'zL;fy /x]sf] b]lvP klglghdf cfkm"nfO{ hGdlbg] cfdf;Fusf];fdLKotf / afT;Notfaf6 al~rtx'g'k/]sf] kL8faf]w lyPg egL :jtMcg'dfg ul/g' afndgf]lj1fgsf b[li6n]Gofof]lrt\ gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfåo dL/f 9'+ufgf/ ;'ifdf uf}td

ljkIfLtkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf ;'/]Gb|s'df/ v8\sfcjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)^*, dª\l;/, lg=g+= *^&$,

k[= !$!@§ g]sfk @)^!, c;f]h, lg=g+= &#*(, k[= ̂ &^

;Da4 sfg"gM§ afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf

*, @), #)§ afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%!

sf] lgod #)

cfb]zsf=d'=k|=Gof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f-@_ cGtu{t o; cbfntdf bfo/ eO{ k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo /7x/ o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 M

d lgj]lbsf ;'gLtf / ljkIfLdWo]sf;dL/sf aLr ldlt @)^#.!.@$ df ljjfx eO{cfkm"x¿sf] bfDkTo ;DaGwaf6 @)^$ ;fndf5f]/L l;l4sf / @)^* ;fndf 5f]/f l;4fGtsf]hGd ePsf] xf] . cfkm" / kltsf aLrdfz'¿b]lv g} ;d:of pTkGg eP klg cfkm"ljrlnt geO{ 3/df g} a:b} cfPsf]df@)^(.#.@@ ut] ;f;" / klt ldn]/ cfkm"nfO{3/af6 lgsfnf u/]sfn] xfn dfOtLdf a:b}cfPsL 5' . gfaflnsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;d]tcfkm"af6 cnu u/]sfn] k|x/Lsf] dlxnf ;]nsf];xof]udf 5f]/fnfO{ cfkm\gf lhDdf kfP klg5f]/LnfO{ eg] cfkm"af6 k"0f{tM cnu u/fO{e]63f6 ug{ ;d]t lbOPsf] 5}g . To;/L5f]/LnfO{ cfkm"af6 cnu ul/Psf]n] lghcWoog/t\ ;]G6d]l/h :s"ndf uO{ Psk6se]6]sf] s'/f ljkIfLx¿n] yfxf kfO{ cfkm"nfO{ufnLunf}h / s'6kL6 ;d]t u/]sf / lgh5f]/LnfO{ ;d]t s'6kL6 ug]{, vfgf vfg glbO{ef]s} /fVg] u/]sf] x'Fbf lgh cfkm\g} 3/dfc;'/lIft cj:yfdf /x]sL 5g\ . lgh 5f]/Lsf]ljBfno 5'6[L ePsf] ;dodf ljkIfLx¿ 3/aflx/ hfFbf 5f]/LnfO{ sf]7fdf y'g]/ /fVg] u/]sf]eGg] s'/f l5d]sLx¿af6 hfgsf/L x'g cfof] .o;/L lghsf] dfgl;stfdf gsf/fTds c;/kl//x]sf] / gfaflnsf aRrfnfO{ cfdfaf6cnu /fvL afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$*

395395395395395


sf] bkmf * ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ ePsf] x'Fbf of]lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:yt ePsL 5' . ctMljkIfLx¿af6 eP u/]sf sfo{x¿ g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-!_-@_, !#/ @@-@_ sf ;fy} afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gsf]bkmf $-!_-@_ / *-!_ ;d]tsf] k|lts"n ePsfn]ljkIfLx¿sf lj?4df aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]zhf/L u/L 5f]/L l;l4sfnfO{ cbfntaf6} lemsfO{d lgj]bssf] ;+/IfsTjdf /xg] u/L d]/f] lhDdfdfa'emfO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bgkq .

o;df lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsghf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf], lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g} cfwf/ sf/0f eP k|df0f;d]tv'nfO{ aGbL eP lgh ;d]tnfO{ k|:t't d'2f k]zx'Fbf Ohnf;;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg] u/L DofbkfPsf] # lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm ;fy cfkm}+pkl:yt x'g' egL of] cfb]z / l/6 lgj]bgsf]k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk;d]t ;fy} /fvL ;"rgf k7fO{lnlvt hjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfntsf] Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ldlt@)&).!.# df ePsf] cfb]z .

gfaflnsf l;l4sf s]=;L= xfdLx¿sf]/]vb]v, ;]jf / ;+/IfsTjdf 3/df /x]sL / ;]G6d]l/h:s"n hfjnfv]ndf cWoog ub}{l5g\ . lgj]lbsfa'xf/L ;'gLtf nf]Ug] ;dL/ s]=;L= / ;f;" nIdLs]=;L=;Fu af/Daf/ emu8f u/L 3/ 5f8L lxF8]sL /5f]/f l;4fGt s]=;L= sf] eljiodfly v]naf8ul//x]sL x'Fbf 5f]/L l;l4sfsf] eljio lau|g glbgcfkm"x¿n] ;+/IfsTjdf /fv]sf] xf] . lgh 3/ 5f8]/lxF8]sL x'Fbf lghpk/ bfo/ u/]sf] ;DaGw laR5]b\d'2f xfn ljrf/fwLg cj:yfdf 5 . kl/jf/dfePsf] emu8fsf] c;/ caf]w afnaflnsfsf]lzIffbLIff tyf :jf:Yonufotdf kg'{ x'Fb}g .

afnaflnsfsf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0fsf nfluafnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gn] :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf]x'Fbf To:tf ljifodf c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qcGtu{tlgj]bg lbg ldNg] x'Fb}g . cfkm\gf] 3/df ga;L 3/efF8L lxF8\g] JolQmn] gfaflnu 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]P]gadf]lhdsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ g;Sg]k|i6 x'Fbf em"7f Pj+ skf]nslNkt l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfLx¿nIdL s]=;L= / ;dL/ s]=;L=sf tkm{af6 k]z x'gcfPsf] ;+o'Qm lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'Fbf lgj]bs tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg clwjQmfåo >L dL/f 9'+ufgf / ;'ifdfuf}tdn] gfaflnu 5f]/f5f]/Lk|lt klxnf] xscfdfsf] x'g] s'/fdf ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g, gfaflnu5f]/L l;l4sfnfO{ cfdf;Fu e]63f6 ug{ ;d]tglbOPsf] x'Fbf cfdfsf] ;+/IfsTjdf /xg] u/Lcfb]z hf/L x'g'kb{5 egL / ljkIfLx¿sf tkm{af6/xg' ePsf ljåfg clwjQmf >L ;'/]Gb|s'df/v8\sfn] lgj]bgdf bfjL lnP h:tf] cj:yfg/x]sf] x'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kb{5 egL ax;ug'{eof] .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf cfkm\gL kfFrjif{sL gfaflnsf 5f]/LnfO{ cfkm";Fu 3]63f6;d]t ug{ glbO{ 3/df aGbL agfO{ /flvPsf]x'Fbf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L cfkm\gf];+/IfsTjdf /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfO{ kfpmF eGg]d'Vo dfu bfjL /x]sf]df ljkIfLx¿sf tkm{af6k]z ul/Psf] lnlvt hjfkmdf lgh ;'gLtflai6 cfkm" :jo+ kl/jf/;Fu ga;L cGoqa;f]af; ug]{ u/]sf] x'Fbf lghaf6 gfaflnsf5f]/Lsf] x]/rfx / ;'/Iff x'g] cj:yf 5}g,hfjnfv]nl:yt ;]G6d]l/h :s"ndf cWoogul//x]sL l;l4sfnfO{ aGbL agfOPsf] cj:yf


396396396396396

g/x]sf] egL pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 . plNnlvttYoaf6 lgj ] lbsf ; 'g Ltf lai6 xfndfOtL3/df /x]sL, oL gfaflnsf l;l4sf s]=;L=cfkm\gf afa' ;dL/ s]=;L= / xh'/cfdf nIdLs]=;L=sf ;fydf cfkm\g} 3/df /x]sL / lghnlntk'/sf] hfjnfv]nl:yt ;]G6d]l/h :s"ndfcWoog/t\ /x]sf eGg]df ljjfb b]lvFb}g . o:tf]cj:yfdf lgh l;l4sf s]=;L=sf] xsdfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ u/L Gofo lg¿k0fx''g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ o; k|s[ltsfafnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsfd'2fdf cbfnt ljz]if ¿kdf ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kb{5/ cbfnt afa' jf cfdf jf c¿ s;}sf] cxd\sf]k[i7kf]ifs aGg ;Sb}g . o; k|s[ltsf ljjfbsf]]s]Gb|ljGb'df cfkm\gf] ljifodf ;f]Rg ;Sg] pd]/gk'u]sf / cfkm\gf O{R5f hfx]/ ug{ g;Sg]caf]w afnaflnsfx¿ /x]sf x'G5g\ . To:tfafnaflnsfx¿sf] cleefjsaLrsf] ljjfbdfcbfntn] afndgf]lj1fgsf] s;Ldf ;DalGwtafnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ g} Gofosf] cfwf/agfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwtafnaflnsfsf] kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0f, kl/jf/sf;b:ox¿ aLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGw, lzIffbLIff,kfngkf ]if0f, v]ns'b tyf dgf ]/~hg /:jf:Yof]krf/sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ d"n¿kdf x]g'{kg]{x'G5 . lsgeg] afnaflnsfsf] ;'Gb/ eljiodfs'7f/f3ft x'g' eg]sf] /fli6«o Iflt xf] . t;y{,o; k|s[ltsf d'2fdf gfaflnu;lxt ljjfbsf;a} kIfnfO { Ohnf;df pkl:yt u/fO {lghx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L Ohnf;leq b]lvPsf]pgLx¿sf ] Jojxf/ / d"ntM ;DalGwtafnaflnsfsf] dgf]lj1fgsf] ;"Id cWoog

ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu Ohnf;n] ;DalGwtafnaflnsf;Fu ltgn] a'em\g ;Sg] efiffdfjftf{nfk ug'{, ltgsf cleefjs tyf ljjfbsfkIfx¿;Fu 5nkmn ug' {kb {5 . of ] afnGofok|0ffnLn] cjnDag ug}{kg]{ sfo{ljlw xf] .afnaflnsfsf] lxt;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fsf xsdfafn Gofok|0ffnLsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfnfO{cjnDag ug}{kg]{ x'G5 .

#= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbfu}/sfg"gL tj/n] aGbL agfOPsL elgPsLl; l4sf s ] =; L = xh ' /c fd fsf ] ; fydfOhnf;;dIf pkl:yt ePsL lyOg\ . lgh;FuOhnf;af6 ;f]wk'5 ;d]t ul/Psf] / ;f]cj:yfdf lgh xh'/cfdfsf] ;fydf cToGtv'zL;fy /x]sf] k|tLt ePsf] lyof] . cfkm\gf]afa';Fu klg lgh aflnsfsf] ;DaGw cToGt;xh b]lvPsf] lyof] . cfdf ;'gLtf;Fu klgOhnf;n] 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . aflnsfn]lghsf] cfdf;Fu eg] ckl/lrt Jojxf/ k|bz{gu/]sL lyOg\ . lgh xfn ;]G6d]l/h :s"ndfcWoog/t /x]sL / ;f]sf ] Jooef/ klgxh'/cfdf tyf afa' kIfn] g} Joxf]/]sf] eGg]Ohnf;;dIf ;a} kIfn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] kfOof] .To;/L ;]G6d]l/h :s"ndf cWoog ul//x]sLaflnsfsf] cWoogqmddf Jojwfg v8f ul/lbg' . lghk|lt cGofo x'g hfg] l:ylt kfOof] .

$= lgj]bg tyf lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/fnfO{cWoog ubf{ lgj]bs ;'gLtf lai6 / ljkIfLdWo]sf;dL/ s]=;L=klt–kTgL eO{ oL b'O{sf] bfDkTo;DaGwaf6 Ps 5f]/L l;l4sf / Ps 5f]/fl;4fGtsf] hfohGd ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . b'O{5f]/f5f]/LdWo] 5f]/f l;4fGt cfdf ;'gLtf;FudfjnL3/df /x]sf / 5f]/L l;l4sf afa';Fu 3/dfg} /x]sf] eGg] klg b]lvG5 . klt–kTgLsf aLrdf

397397397397397


ljjfb eO{ xfn cnucnu /x]sf] sf/0faf6 kfFrjifL{of 5f]/L l;l4sfsf] ;+/IfsTj s;n] u|x0fug]{ eGg] ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

%= o;/L klt–kTgLaLrsf] bfDkTo;DaGwdf j}dg:otf sfod ePsf] sf/0faf6kfl/jfl/s tgfjsf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] / oL 5f]/L;d]t cfkm\gf] ;+/IfsTjdf /xg' kg]{ egL cfdf;'gLtfn] bfjL lnPsf], t/ lgh ;'gLtf cfkm":jo+ g} 3/ 5f8L lxF8]sf] cj:yfdf lghaf6afnaRrfsf ] kfngkf ]if0f, lzIffbLIff /:jf:Yof]krf/ ;d]tsf] plrt k|aGw x'g g;Sg]x'Fbf gfltgL÷5f]/L l;l4sfnfO{ cfkm"x¿n] /fv]sf]/ lzIffbLIffsf] k|aGw ub} { cfPsf] eGg]ljkIfLtkm{sf] lhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L klt–kTgLsf aLrsf] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf] ;d:ofsf]k|efj gfaflnu 5f]/f5f]/Ldf ;d]t kg]{ cj:yfb]lvPsf]df To;sf] Iflt s;/L lgoGq0f u/LGo"g ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] vf]hL g} afnGofo k|0ffnLsf] dd{ xf] . afa' cfdfsf aLrsf];DaGwaf6 pTkGg x'g] ;d:ofsf] b'ik|efjgfaflnu 5f]/f5f]/Ldf kg{ lbg' x'Fb}g . hxfFafnaflnsfsf ] ; +/IfsTj / pgLx¿sf ]kfngkf]if0f, lzIffbLIff / :jf:Yof]krf/sf] k|Zgpkl:yt x'G5, ToxfF cfkm\gf] eljiosf af/]dflrGtg ug{ / :jtGq ¿kn] cfkm\gf] O{R5fhfx]/ ug{ g;Sg] afnaflnsfsf] g};lu{sclwsf/sf ljifox¿ :jfefljs ¿kdf cufl8cfpF5g\ .

^= afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdfljZjJofkL dfGotf ;d]t :yflkt e};s]sf 5g\,h;nfO{ g]kfn sfg"gn] ;d]t cfTd;ft\ ul/;s]sf]5 . ;g\ !(@$ sf] h]g]ef 3f]if0ffn] afnaflnsfsf];d'lrt :ofxf/;Def/ x'g'kg]{ dfGotfaf6 cf/DeePsf] afn Gofosf k|lt ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] klg

TolQs} rf;f] /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(%( sf];+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo 3f]if0ff xf];\ jf ;f] kZrft\sf]a]OlhË ljlw / tL ;a}sf] efjgf ;d]6L ;g\!(*( sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dxf;efåf/f hf/Lcle;lGw afn Gofosf cfwf/lznf x'g\ . d'n'sLP]g nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] # g+= sf cltl/Qm ljz]ifsfg"gsf] ¿kdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] xs / lxtsf];+/If0f u/L ltgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s /af}l4s ljsf;sf nflu ;dofg's"n Joj:yf ug{hf/L afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$* / ;f]cGtu{tsf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%!g} afn Gofosf] k|a4{gsf nflu xfdLn] cjnDagug'{kg]{ sfg"gL cfwf/ x'g\ .

& = plNnlvt clen ]vx¿dfafnaflnsfnfO{ s]xL ljlzi6 clwsf/x¿ ;d]tk|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf tL g};lu{sclwsf/x¿af6 s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ al~rtt'NofOg' x'Fb}g . afnaflnsfsf] kfngkf]if0f, lzIff,:jf:Yof]krf/sf] clwsf/sf ;fy} pgLx¿k|ltqm"/ jf oftgfk"0f { Jojxf/ ug{ gx'g] /cleefjsnfO{ e]63f6sf] ;'ljwf lbg'kg] {nufotsf clwsf/x¿ afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gn];'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . o; P]gcg';f/ afa',cfdfn] cfÇgf] kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yfcg';f/k|To]s afnssf] kfngkf]if0f ug'{sf] cltl/Qmlghsf] lzIff, :jf:Yof]krf/, v]ns'b tyfdgf]/~hgsf ;'ljwfx¿sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/Lk|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L j}jflxs ;DaGwljR5]b\ eO{ jf c¿ s'g} sf/0faf6 afa' / cfdfleGg a;]sf] cj:yfdf afa';Fu a;]sf gfaflnu;GtfgnfO{ cfdf;Fu / cfdf;Fu a;]sf gfaflnu;GtfgnfO{ afa';Fu ;do ;dodf e]63f6 ug{jf s]xL ;dosf] lgldQ ;fy a:g lbg'kg]{, t/To;/L afa' jf cfdf;Fu e]63f6 ug{ jf a:g


398398398398398

lbFbf afnssf] lxtsf] k|lts"n x'g] s'g} dgfl;asf/0f ePdf To:tf] e]63f6sf] jf ;fy a:g];'ljwf lbg] s'/fdf Goflos x:tIf]k x'g ;Sg];d]tsf] Joj:yf P]gdf ul/Psf] 5 .

*= plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/cfkm\gf gfaflnu ;Gtltsf] kfngkf]if0f, lzIff,:jf:yf]krf/sf] lhDd]jf/L afa' cfdf b'j}n] axgug'{kg]{ / s'g} sf/0fjz afa' cfdf cnu ePsf]cj:yfdf Psf;Fu a;]sf] afnaflnsfnfO{csf]{;Fu e]63f6 ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ul/g'kg]{:ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;sf cltl/Qmo:tf ljifodf pgLx¿sf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ WofglbO{ cbfntn] Goflos ljj]s k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]b]lvG5 . sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] o; lsl;dsf]:jljj]sLo clwsf/nfO{ cbfntn] afnaflnsfsf];jf]{Qd lxtsf] kIfdf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] klg5 . o:t} k|s[ltsf] ljj]s rfln;] ;d]t lj?4;TojtL rfln;] ;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg-g]sfk @)^!, c;f]h, lg=g+= &#*(, k[i7 ^&^_df gfafns 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ cfdf;Fu e]63f6ug{ ;d]t glbO{ xh'/cfdfn] cfkm\gf] 3/dfnuL k7g kf7gsf nflu ljBfnodf k7fpg]afx]s cGo ;dodf 3/leq ;Lldt u/L /fv]sf]lqmof u}/sfg"gL dfGg'kg]{ egL gfafnsx¿nfO{ljkIfLx¿sf] lgoGq0faf6 d'Qm u/L cfdfsf]lhDdf nufpg] u/L aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]zhf/L ul/Psf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L ct'n zfxlj?4 dlNnsf zfx ;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg -g]sfk @)^*, dª\l;/, lg=g+= *^&$, k[= !$!@_df cfdfsf] ;+/IfsTjdf /x]sL gfaflnsfnfO{afa'n] x]g{, e]6\g / ;Dafb ug{ kfpg'kg]{ egLb'j} kIfnfO{ nfu" x'g] u/L lgb]{zgx¿ hf/Lu/]sf] 5 . o;/L o; cbfntn] afnaflnsfsf];jf] {Qd lxtsf] kIfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L afa',

cfdfaLrsf] bfDkTo ;DaGwdf pTkGg ePsf];d:of jf cGo s'g} kl/jfl/s ;d:ofsf]gsf/fTds k|efj afnaflnsfdf kg{ glbg /afnaflnsfn] afa', cfdf b'j}sf] dfof ddtf,;fdLKotf / ;+/If0f kfpg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsfnflu ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ lgb]{lzt ub}{ cfPsf]kfOG5 .

(= jf:tljstfdf x]bf{ afnaflnsfsf]kfngkf]if0f, lzIff, :jf:yf]krf/nufot pgLx¿sf];jf]{Qd lxtsf ljifox¿ afa', cfdf jf cGogft]bf/x¿dWo] s'g} Ps ;Fu;fydf /x]s} cfwf/dfdfq ;'lglZrt x'g] xf]Og . To;}n] o:tf ljifonfO{lg/k]If9+un] x]l/g' x'Fb}g . afnaflnx¿ cfkm\gf]kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿dWo] sf];Fu /dfpF5g\, sf];Fuv'zL x'G5g\, sf];Fu a:bf pgLx¿nfO{ ;'ljwfx'G5, pgLx¿sf] eljio s;/L pHHjn x'G5,pgLx¿sf] kfngkf]if0f, lzIff, :jf:yf]krf/ /dgf]/~hgsf] kIf s;af6 k|efjsf/L aGb5 eGg]h:tf ljifosf] d"NofÍg gu/L PsfËL9+un] lg0f{odfk'Ubf afnaflnsfsf] eljiosf ;DaGwdf Tof] emg}k|To'Tkfbs klg x'g ;Sb5 . To;}n] o:tf ljifodf;DalGwt afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtsf] kIfnfO{;fËf]kfË ¿kdf x]/L ;dGoflos b[li6sf]0faf6lgisif{df k'Ug' ckl/xfo{ x'G5 .

!)= k|:t't ljjfbdf afa' cfdfsfaLrdf b ] lvPsf ] ;d:ofn ] pgLx¿nfO {cnUofPsf] sf/0faf6 gfaflnu 5f]/f5f]/L ;d]tafa' cfdfsf] ;+o'Qm dfof, ddtf, /]vb]v,kfngkf]if0f / ;+/If0f kfpg] xsaf6 :jtMal~rt x'g k'u]sf] oyfy{tfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsFb}g .o;/ L k f l /j f l /s ljv08gsf ] c;/afnaflnsf;Dd klg k'u]sf] 5 / afnaflnsfsf]clwsf/df ;d]t uDeL/ ¿kdf cf3ft k'u]sf]cj:yf b]lvG5 . s;}sf] JolQmut :jfy{, cxd\

399399399399399


/ cfTd;Gt'li6sf nflu caf]w afnaflnsfnfO{k|tf8Lt ul/g' x'Fb}g . afnaflnsfsf] eljio;Fu/fi6«sf] eljio ufFl;Psf] x'Fbf To:tf] ;+j]bgzLnljifonfO{ xNsf9+un] u|x0f u/L pgLx¿sf]lxtsf] kIfnfO{ a]jf:tf ul/Fbf To;n] kfg]{c;/ cToGt eofjx x'g ;Sb5 . To;}n] of]ljifonfO{ Pp6f JolQm / Pp6f kl/jf/leqsf];d:of dfq dfg]/ kl~5g' Gofof]lrt\ x'Fb}g .o:tf ljifok|lt cbfnt clt ;+j]bgzLn x'Fb}cfPsf] plNnlvt lg0f{ox¿af6 ;d]t b]lvG5 .

!!= aflnsf l;l4sf s]=;L=sf] ;jf]{Qdlxt s]af6 x'G5 eGg] kIf k|:t't ljjfbdf dxTjk"0f{5 . lgh l;l4sf o; Ohnf;;dIf pkl:ytx'Fbf xh'/cfdf nIdL s]=;L=sf ;fydf pkl:ytePsL / lghsf] O{R5f / lghsf] cj:yfsf af/]dfOhnf;af6 lh1f;f /fVbf afa' / xh'/cfdfsf];fydf v'zLk"j{s g} /x]sf] eGg] a'lemg cfPsf],lghsf] k7gkf7gdf s'g} vfnsf] ;d:of klggb]lvPsf] / lgh ;]G6d]l/h :s"ndf lg/Gt/¿kdfcWoog ul//x]sf] tYout cj:yfaf6 lghnfO{aGbL agfOPsf] eGg] gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf lgh l;l4sfs]=;L=nfO{ aGbL agfO{ /flvPsf] 5 eGg] lgj]bglhsL/;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsg] x'Fbf k|:t't lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .

!@= t/, lgh l;l4sf s]=;L= sf] pd]/kfFr jif{dfq /x]sf] x'Fbf gfaflnsf cj:yfsLlghnfO{ cfkm\gL cfdfaf6 k"0f{tM cnu /flvFbflghsf] slnnf] dlitisdf kg{;Sg] gsf/fTdsk|efjsf k|lt cbfnt lg:k[x a:g ldNg] x'Fb}g .cToGt ;fgf] pd]/b]lv g} cfkm"af6 5'6fOPsLaRrL cfkm";Fu gnxl;g' / ckl/lrt h:tf]Jojxf/ ug'{ :jfefljs xf] eGg] lgj]lbsfcfdftkm{sf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ts{ klg dggof]Uo5 . o;cl3 ul/Psf] ljZn]if0faf6 klg

afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljjfbdf Gofo lg¿k0f ubf{afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtsf] kIfnfO{ ;b}jWofgdf /flvg'kg]{ lgisif{df of] Ohnf; k'u]sf]x'Fbf lgh aflnsf l;l4sf afa'sL cfdf cyf{t\xh'/cfdfsf] ;fydf v'zL;fy /x]sf] b]lvPklglghdf cfkm"nfO{ hGdlbg] cfdf;Fusf] ;fdLKotf/ afT;Notfaf6 al~rt x'g' k/]sf] kL8faf]wlyPg egL :jtM cg'dfg ul/g' afndgf]lj1fgsfb[li6n] klg Gofof]lrt x'Fb}g . l;l4sf h:tfcjf]w afnaflnsfnfO{ ;djosf cGo ;fyLeGbfcfkm " c;xfo 5 ' , k [ys 5 ' , cfkm "dfkfl/jfl/snufot s]xL sdL sdhf]/L 5 eGg]dx;"; x'g glbg' afndgf]lj1fgsf] b[li6sf]0faf6klxnf] cfjZostf xf] . t;y{, cfkm\gf afa'cfdfsf] lg/Gt/ ;flGgWodf /xL b'j}sf] dfofkfpg] / ;+/IfsTjdf /x]sf] cg'ej u/L cfkm"nfO{k"0f{¿kdf ;'/lIft / cfkm\gf O{R5f cfsfª\Iffx¿kl/k"lt{ x'g]df ljZj:t x'g kfpg] afnaflnsfsf]clwsf/ vf]l;g' x'Fb}g . t/, o:tf s'/f ;DalGwtafnaflnsfsf] rfxgfn] dfq lgwf{/0f ug]{ ljifogeO{ lghsf afa' cfdfsf aLrsf] ;DaGwn]lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng] x'Fbf afa' cfdfsf aLrsf];DaGwdf ;d:of pTkGg x 'g ] ljlQs }afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/df cfFr k'Ug hfg];Defjgf k|an x'g k'U5 . k|:t't ljjfbdf klgTo:tf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . of] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{b[li6ut ub}{ oyf]lrt\ lg0f{o lbg' cbfntsf]st{Jo xf] .

!#= aflnsf l;l4sfsf afa' ;dL/ /cfdf ;'gLtfsf aLrsf] bfDkTo ;DaGwdf ;d:ofb]lvPsf] sf/0faf6 pgLx¿ leGg eP/ a;]sf]cj:yf 5 . o;/L cfkm\gf afa' cfdf cnucnua;]sf] cj:yfdf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] b'j}sf] ;flGgWotfdf/xL b'j}sf] dfof ddtf / ;+/IfsTj kfpg] l:ylt


400400400400400

/xFb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf klg oyf;Dejafnaflnsfsf clwsf/nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ s'g} gs'g} pkfosf] cjnDag ug'{kg]{ x'G5, h;af6pgLx¿ cfkm\gf afa' cfdfsf aLrsf] åGådflkN;g' gk/f];\ . afa' cfdf cnu a:g ;Sg]cj:yfnfO{ sfg"gn] klg lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sb}g,t/ To:tf] cj:yfdf klg afnaflnsfsf] clwsf//If fsf ] Joj:yf sfg "gn ] u/ ]sf ] 5 .afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gn] klg o:tf] cj:yfsf]kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . P]gsf] bkmf * df æj}jflxs;DaGw laR5]b\ eO{ jf c¿ s'g} sf/0faf6 afa' /cfdf leGg a;]sf] cj:yfdf afa';Fu a;]sf]afnsnfO{ cfdf;Fu / cfdf;Fu a;]sf] afnsnfO{afa';Fu ;do ;dodf e]63f6 ug{ jf s]xL;dosf] lgldQ ;fy a:g lbg'kg]{Æ Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 . o;/L æafa' cfdf;Fu e]63f6 ug]{ k6s jf;fy a:g] cjlwsf] ;DaGwdf afa' / cfdfsf]aLr dt}So x'g g;s]df cbfntn] tf]s]sf] k6sjf cjlwsf] lgldQ e]6 ug{ jf ;fy a:g lbg'kg]{Æ;d]tsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] x'Fbf o:tf] ljjfbsf]cj:yfdf afnaflnsfsf] lxtn] g} k|fyldstfkfpg] b]lvG5 .

!$= t;y{, lgh l;l4sf s]=;L=sf]xsdf lghsf afa' cfdf b'j}n] lghk|lt dfof,ddtf k|bz{g ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0fu/L gfaflnusf] slnnf] dg dlitisdf 3/kl/jf/, afa', cfdf / ;dfhk|lt gsf/fTdsb[li6sf]0f k}bf x'g glbg]tkm{ b'j} kIf ;r]tx'g' h?/L b]lvG5 . ;fy} lghsf] e/0fkf]if0f,k7gkf7g / :jf:Yosf] plrt Joj:yf ug]{lhDd]jf/L :jefjtM lgh /x] a;]sf] 7fpF cyf{t\afa' ;dL/ s]=;L=af6 g} axg ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf afa'cfdf;Fusf] ;flGgWo / dfof ddtf kfpg]lghsf] xssf] ;+/If0fsf nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf]

Joj:yf ldnfpg' ckl/xfo{ b]lvPsf] x'Fbf lgDgcfb]z hf/L ul/Psf] 5 M

• cfdf ;'gLtf lai6n] 5f]/L l;l4sfnfO{ e]6\g/ kmf]g ;Dks{ ug{ rfx]sf avt e]63f6 /kmf]g ;Dks{ ug{ kfpg] u/L cfjZosJoj:yf afa' ;dL/ s]=;L=n] ldnfpg] .

• lgh aflnsf l;l4sf s]=;L= xfn ;]G6d]l/h:s"n hfjnfv]ndf cWoog/t\ /x]sL eGg]b]lvPsf] x'Fbf cfdf ;'gLtf lai6n] ljBfnodfe]6\g rfx]df ljBfyL{sf] k7gkf7gdfk|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L ljBfnosf]lgodcg';f/ e]6\g] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ljkIfLx¿n] ljBfno;Fu ;dGjo ul/lbg] .

• dfly pNn]v ePsf a'Fbfx¿nfO{ aflnsfl;l4sfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvLl/6 lgj]bs :jo+ / ljkIfLx¿n] kl/kfngfug]{ u/fpg], kl/kfngf geP gu/]sf] egLs'g} kIfn] cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPdf;f] ljifonfO{ :jtM cbfntsf] ckx]ngfsf]ljifo dfgL sf/jfxL ul/g] .

• of ] cfb ]zsf ] ljifo afnaflnsfsf ]clwsf/;Fu hf]l8Psf] / o;sf] kl/kfngfgePsf] cj:yfdf cbfntsf] ckx]ngfePsf] dfgL sf/jfxL ul/g] cj:yf /x]sf]x' Fbf o;sf] clen]v /fVg' egL o;cbfntsf ] km };nf sfof { Gjoglgb]{zgfnonfO{ ;d]t n]vL k7fpg" .

!%= k|:t't lgj]bg afnaflnsfsf]clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] / afnaflnsfsf]clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ;jf]{Qd lxt x'g] u/L Gofolg¿k0f ug'{ cbfntsf] lhDd]jf/L /x]sfn]

401401401401401

pko'{Qmadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf] xf] .o:tf ] cfb ]z ;j {sf lns x 'g ;Sb }g .afnaflnsfk|lt tTsfn cleefjsTj kfPsf]kIfsf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{g ePdf h'g;'s} cj:yfdfklg cbfntn] cfkm\gf] k"j{ cfb]z kl/jt{g ug{;Sg] x'G5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf * / #) tyf afnaflnsf;DaGwLlgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod #) n] o:tfljifodf k|aGw / cg'udg ug'{kg]{ eO{ o:tfljifodf ;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q cGtu{taf6 klgGofo lg¿k0f ug{ ;lsg] u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf/x] ePsf] ;Gbe{df ca pk|fGt o:tf ljifodfl/6 lgj]bg bfo/ ug{' cl3 ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ljBdfg sfg"gL Joj:yf / cbfntaf6 ul/Psf]k|aGw ;d]tsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{b]lvPsf] 5 .

!^= aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf nflu cGo pkrf/afws gx'g] / o:tf l/6df k|df0f ;d]t a'em\g;lsg] ePtfklg afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljifonfO{Jojl:yt ug{ sfg"gåf/f afnaflnsfsf] xs, lxtsf];+/If0f u/L ltgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s /af } l4s ljsf;sf ] p2 ]Zo u |x0f u/ ]sf ]afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gn] afnaflnsfsf] xs lxtsf];+/If0fsf nflu afnaflnsfsf clwsf/x¿ ;"rLs[tub}{ To:tf xs clwsf/df slxFst}af6 cf3ftk'u]sf] cj:yfdf To;sf] pkrf/ k|flKtsf] dfu{;d]t ;'lglZrt u/]sf] kfOG5 . P]gsf] bkmf @)df ul/Psf] To:tf] Joj:yfcGtu{t P]gåf/f k|Tofe"tafnaflnsfsf xssf] k|rngsf] nflu afnssf]tkm{af6 hf];'s}n] klg afns /x] a;]sf] Onfsfsf]lhNnf cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] / o:tf] lgj]bgkg{ cfPdf ;DalGwt cbfntn] hfFra'em u/Ldgfl;a cf1f, cfb]z jf k"hL{ hf/L u/L xssf]k|rng u/fpg / Iflt k'Ug uPsf] cj:yf /x]5

eg] dgfl;adflkmssf] Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t e/fpg;Sg] u/L ljz]if Joj:yf ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . xsk|rng;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfcGtu{t g} afnssf]e]63f6 jf a;fOdf /f]s nufpg] s'/fdf ;DalGwtafnssf] afa' jf cfdfsf] lgj]bg k/]df lhNnfcbfntn] lgj]bg u|x0f u/L sf/afxL rnfpg /pko'Qm cfb]z lbg ;Sg] x'Fbf afnaflnsf;Fu;DalGwt o:tf ljifodf lhNnf cbfntdf lgj]bglbO{ pkrf/sf] dfu ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .;f]xL k|of]hgsf nflu xfn lhNnf cbfntdf afnOhnf;sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] / To:tf] Ohnf;dfafnd}qL jftfj/0f ;d]t sfod ul/Psf] x'Fbf o:tfljifodf afn Gofok|0ffnL cGtu{t afn Ohnf;af6}Gofo lg¿k0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] af/]df d'2f tyfl/6 dxfzfvf / cGtu{tsf] l/6 zfvfn] ;DalGwtkIfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg / crfgs sAhfdflnPsf] geO{ ;flasb]lv s'g} kIf;Fu a;L cfPsfafnaflnsfsf xsdf ;jf] {Rr cbfntdfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fs} l/6 lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ sf/0fsfaf/]df lgj]bgdf pNn]v ug{ nufpg] kl/kf6Lsfod ug'{ egL o; cbfntsf /lhi6«f/sf gfddfljz]if cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . of] cfb]zsf]hfgsf/L l/6 lgj]bs / ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;d]t lbO{k|:t't lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s6[f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg" .


Gof=k|sfz j:tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)&) ;fn j}zfv @# ut] /f]h @ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M pd]z sf]O/fnf


&&&&&


402402402402402

lg0f{o g+=*(&(lg0f{o g+=*(&(lg0f{o g+=*(&(lg0f{o g+=*(&(lg0f{o g+=*(&(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7)^*–WO–)($!

cfb]z ldlt M @)^(.(.@(.!

ljifo M pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM ;fljs tfKn]h'ª lhNnf, y'Dj]lbguf=lj=;=j8f g+ @ xfn emfkf lhNnf;tf;Lwfd uf=lj=;=j8f g+= & a:g]uf]kfns'df/ clwsf/L

lj¿4ljkIfLM lghfdtL lstfavfgf nlntk'/ ;d]t

§ lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf] clen]v;d]taf6 pd]/ %) jif { k 'u ]sf ]gb]lvPsf]n] lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdfplNnlvt zt{ k"/f u/L lgj]bg lbPsfavt sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] g} x'Fbf sfg"gdfePsf ] Joj:yf ljk/Lt cjsfzkqcg';f/ Ps >]0fLdflysf] ;'ljwf lbg'lbnfpg' egL clxn] g} cfb]z k|bfg ug{gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ePdf dfq To;n]

;fy{stf kfpF5 . gq To;sf] cy{ x'Fb}g .Ps};fy a9'jf u/L /fhLgfdf ;d]t:jLs[t u/]sf] cj:yfdf a9'jf ug{ pd]/gk'u]sf sf/0f a9'jf sfof{Gjog x'gg;s]sf] a9'jfnfO{ 5f8L /fhLgfdf dfq

sfof{Gjog u5'{ eGg sfg"gtM ldNb}g .a9'jf sfod gx'g] t/ /fhLgfdf eg]:jLs[t x'g] egL cf+lzs lg0f{o sfod/fVg plrt / ljj]s;Ddt ;d]tgb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ cfkm"n] a9'jf kfpF5' eg]/ /fhLgfdf lbPsf]

t/ sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] sf/0f cGttM a9'jfgx'g] ePkl5 ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nfluuPsf]df /fhLgfdf dfq :jLsf/ /sfof{Gjog u5'{ eGg gldNg] .

§ Pp6} /fhLgfdf kqdf plNnlvt cfkm"k|lts"nsf s'/f nfu" gug]{ t/ cfkm"cg's"nsf s'/f dfq kfng ug]{, sfof{Gjogug]{ u/L /fhLgfdf ab/ ug{ gldNg] egLlg0f{o u/]sfn] lgj]bsnfO{ ;]jfdflg/Gt/tf lbg gldNg] u/L ePsf] lg0f{osfg"g;Ddt gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf xl/k|;fb pk|]tLk|ToyL{tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]bs'df/

kf]v/]ncjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf

@)s-@_


;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf !)&-@_ adf]lhdo; cbfntdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/5M–

403403403403403

d lgj]bs g]kfn s[lif ;]jfsf] /fhkqcglÍt låtLo -k|f_ :6s ;'k/efO{h/ kbdfldlt @)$#.*.!) df ;]jf k|j]z u/L /fhkqcglÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] gf=;'=-k|fljlws_ kbdfa9'jf ePsf] lyPF . d]/f] pd]/ %) jif{ k"/fePsf] / gf]s/L cjlw sl/a @% jif{ k'u]sf] tyf/fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf sfo{/t/x]sf] cjlw klg !% jif{eGbf a9L ePsf]n]lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @)s -@_ adf]lhdPs txdflysf] kbdf a9'jf lnO{ :j]lR5s cjsfzlng] OR5f ePsf]n] ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L d}n]/fhLgfdf lbPsf]df ldlt @)^*.$.!) sf]lg0f{ofg';f/ Ps txdflysf] /fhkqflÍt t[tLo>]0fLsf] kz' ljsf; clws[t kbdf a9'jf u/Lldlt @)^*.@.!* b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L d]/f] /fhLgfdf:jLs[t ePsf] hfgsf/L kz' ;]jf ljefusf] ldlt@)^*.$.@# sf] kqaf6 dnfO{ u/fOPsf] lyof] .

tt\kZrft\ d]/f] k]G;g k§f agfOlbgsf]nflu kz' ;]jf ljefun] lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{cg'/f]w u/]sf]df lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] dlgj]bssf] pd]/ %) jif{ k"/f gePsf] sf/0fb]vfO{ Ps txdflysf] kbsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{g;lsg] egL ljefunfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L dGqfnonfO{af]wfy{ lbO ldlt @)^*.%.! sf] kq k7fPcg';f/d lgj]bsn] /fhLgfdf ab/ u/L lg/Gt/ ¿kdfsfdsfh ug{ kfpFm egL ldlt @)^*.%.# dfljefusf dxflgb]{zsnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L lgj]bglbPsf]df ;f] lgj]bgpk/ sf/jfxL x'Fbf dGqfnosf];lrj:t/Lo lg0f{oadf]lhd Psrf]6L :jLs[teO{;s]sf] /fhLgfdf ab/ u/L gf]s/L lg/Gt/sfod ug{ ldNg] Joj:yf gePsf] eGg] Joxf]/fhfgsf/L u/fOof] .

t;y{, d]/f] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t e};s]kl5To;sf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ul/Psf] lg0f{on] dnfO{

Ps tx a9'jf u/L dflyNnf] kbsf] ;'ljwf klgglbg] / ;fljsadf]lhd s} kbdf sfd ug{ klgglbg] l:ylt l;h{gf ePaf6 ljkIfLx¿sf] pQmsfd sf/jfxL Pj+ lg0f{o lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf @)s ;d]tsf] ljk/Lt e} cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@-#_-r_, !#-!_-@_ / !(-!_åf/f k|bQ d lgj]bssf] df}lns xs Pj+ sfg"gk|bQxs xgg\ x'g uPsf]n] lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf]ldlt @)^*.%.! sf] kq, g]kfn ;/sf/,;lrj:t/sf] ldlt @)^*.!).@ sf] lg0f{o / ;f]lg0f{oadf]lhdsf] ldlt @)^*.!).@@ sf] kqnufot d lgj]bsnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/LljkIfLx¿af6 eP u/]sf lg0f{o, sfd sf/jfxL,;"rgf, kqfrf/ cflbnfO{ pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/fab/ u/L lgj]bsnfO{ ;fljs kbdf oyfjt\ ¿kdfsfdsfh ug{ lbg' lbnfpg' To;/L oyfjt ¿kdfsfdsfh ug{ glbg] eP ldlt @)^*.$.!) sf]lg0f{oadf]lhd g} Ps txdflysf] kbdf ul/Psf]a9'jfadf]lhd kfpg] ;a} ;'ljwfx¿ pknAwu/fpg' egL ljkIfLsf gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'ggkg]{ xf] <cfb]z hf/L x'g gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP ;f] sf/0f /cfwf/ v'nfO{ of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn]af6fsf Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{nodfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egL l/6lgj ]bgsf ] Ps k | lt gSsn ;fy } /fvLljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf Dofb k7fO{ lnlvt hjfkmcfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/ k]zug'{ . ;fy} l/6 lgj]bsn] zt{;lxt lbPsf]/fhLgfdfsf] x}l;toaf/] k|Zg p7fO{ l/6 lgj]bgbfo/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] / o;sf] k|s[lt x]bf{ l56f]lg0f{o x'g' cfjZos b]lvPsfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt

*(&( –*(&( –*(&( –*(&( –*(&( – uf]kfns'df/ clwsf/L lj=lghfdtL lstfjvfgf ;d]t


404404404404404

lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod ̂ #-#_-r%_ adf]lhdk]zLsf] cu|flwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 eGg] o;cbfnt Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;sf] cfb]z .

o; dGqfnon] ;a} k|lqmof k"/f u/L/fhLgfdfdf ;gfvt ;d]t u/L tx txaf6l;kmfl/z e} cfPkl5 lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd g}/fhLgfdf :jLs[t u/]sf] xf] . /fhLgfdf :jLs[tePkl5 lghn] s] s:tf] ;'ljwf kfpg] xf] eGg]lg0f{o ug]{ sfd o; dGqfnosf] If]qflwsf/leqgkg]{ Joxf]/f :ki6 5 . lgj]bsn] /fhLgfdfcg';f/sf] ;'ljwf gkfPkl5 lg/Gt/ ;]jf ug{kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbPsf]df Psrf]6L :jLs[te};s]sf] /fhLgfdf ab/ ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg lghfdtL;]jf P]g tyf lgoddf sxL+ klg pNn]v gePsf]n]:jLs[t ePsf] /fhLgfdf ab/ u/L lg/Gt/ ;]jfdfsfdsfh ug{ gldNg] egL lghnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/Lu/fOPsf] / pQm sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt\ g} ePsf]n]l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] s[liftyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( df ePsf]Joj:yfcg';f/ /fhLgfdf :jLs[t x'Fbfsf] ;dodflgj]bssf] %) jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] gb]lvPsf]n]uf]kfns'df/ clwsf/LnfO{ kz' ;]jf ljefusf]ldlt @)^*.%.! sf] l;kmfl/zcg';f/ ;'ljwfk|bfg ug{ g;lsg] e} o; ljefusf] ldlt @)^*.%.!sf] kqåf/f kz';]jf ljefu, xl/x/ejg,nlntk'/nfO{ kqfrf/ u/L hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf]xf] . t;y{ sfg"gdf ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ g}sfd sf/jfxL ePsf] x'Fbf o; sfof{nosf] xsdfl/6 lgjbg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf]lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] pd]/ %) jif{ k"/f ePsf]egL Ps txdflysf] kbdf a9'jf dfu u/LlbPsf] /fhLgfdf lghn] ;gfvt ;d]t u/]sf]n]

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @)s-@_cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/, s[lif tyf ;xsf/LdGqfno-;lrj :t/Lo_ sf] ldlt @)^*.$.!)sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ldlt @)^*.@.!* b]lv nfu" x'g]u/L Ps txdflysf] kbdf a9'jf u/L cjsfzlbOPsf] xf] . /fhLgfdf ab/ u/L k"j{jt\ sfdsfhug{ kfpFm egL lghn] ldlt @)^*.%.! df o;ljefu;dIf lbPsf] lgj]bgpk/ sf/jfxL x'Fbflghn] lbPsf] /fhLgfdf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd:jLs[t eO{;s]kl5 k'gM kl5 ab/ u/L gf]s/Ldflg/Gt/tf lbg gldNg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ s[liftyf ;xsf/L dGqfno -;lrj :t/Lo_ af6 ldlt@)^*.!).@ df lg0f{o ;d]t ePsf] 5 . lgj]bsn]/fhLgfdf lb+bfsf avt cfˆgf] pd]/ 9fF6LljefunfO{ ;d]t em'SofO{ u'd/fxdf kf/L :j]lR5scjsfz lnPsf] cj:yf ePsf]n] lghsf] xsdfePsf sfd sf/jfxL, sfg"g;Ddt g} x'Fbf l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] kz' ;]jf ljefusf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs d'2f k]zL ;"rLdfr9L lg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L lgj]bssf tkm{af6ljåfg clwjQmf xl/k|;fb pk|]tLn] lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @)s-@_ adf]lhdPs txdflysf] kbdf a9'jf u/L /fhLgfdf:jLs[t ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bsn] lbPsf]lgj]bgcg';f/ g} /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf],:jLs[t /fhLgfdfcg';f/ Ps txdflysf] ;'ljwflbg gldNg] egL lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] lbPsf]hfgsf/Lcg';f/ lgj]bsn] ;fljs kbcg';f/sf];]jfdf lg/Gt/tf kfpmF egL lgj]bg lbPsf]df;]jfdf lg/Gt/tf lbg gldNg] egL ;lrj :t/Lolg0f{o ePsf] 5 . pQm lg0f{oaf6 lgj]bsn];]jfdf lg/Gt/tf klg gkfpg] / :jLs[t

405405405405405

/fhLgfdfcg';f/ Ps txdflysf] ;'ljwf klggkfpg] c;fdfGo l:ylt pTkGg ePaf6ljkIfLx¿af6 ePsf lg0f{o / tt\;DaGwL sfdsf/jfxL pTk| ]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/Llgj]bsnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;]jfdf axfnL u/fpg' /;f] ug{ gldNg] eP Ps txdflysf] kbdf a9'jfu/L ;f]adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf lbg' lbnfpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmegL ax; ug'{eof] .

k|ToyL{ kz' ;]jf ljefu ;d]tsf] tkm{af6ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]bs'df/ kf]v/]nn]lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] pd]/ %) jif{ k'u]sf] /gf=;'=kbdf !% jif{ k'lu;s]sf]n] lgodfg';f/sf];'ljwf kfpg] u/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t x'g lgj]bglbPcg';f/ g} lgj]bg ;gfvt ;d]t u/fO{lgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] xf] . t/clen]vaf6 lghsf] pd]/ %) jif{ k'u]sf]gb]lvPsf]n] lghfdtL lstfavfgfaf6 Pstxdflysf] ;'ljwf lbg gldNg] egL lgj]bsnfO{kq lbOPsf] xf] . tt\kZrft\ lgj]bsn] ;]jfdflg/Gt/tf kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbP tfklg Psrf]6L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t e};s]kl5 k'gM ;]jfdflg/Gt/tf lbg ldNg] sfg"gL Joj:yf gePsf]n];f]cg';f/ g} lg0f{o ePsf] / pQm lg0f{osfg"g;Ddt g} x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmegL ug'{ ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

b'j} kIfsf sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax;;'gL k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ubf{ lgj]bsnfO{ ;]jfdf lg/Gt/tf lbg gldNg]egL k|ToyL{ kz' ;]jf ljefuaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o/ tt\;DaGwL sfd sf/jfxL sfg"g;Ddt 5g\,5}gg\ / lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g'kg]{ xf], xf]Og tt\;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{b]lvof] .

lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] ;]jf cjlw gf=;'=kbdf!% jif{ ;d]t u/L hDdf @% jif{ k'/f ePsf] /%) jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf]n] Ps txdflysf] kbdfa9'jf kfpg] u/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/kfpFm egLlbPsf] lgj]bg dfucg';f/ /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePklg lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] Ps txdflysf] ;'ljwflbg gldNg] egL hfgsf/L u/fPsf]n] ;]jfdflg/Gt/tf kfpFm egL cfkm"n] lgj]bg lbPsf]dfPsrf]6L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t e};s]sf] cj:yfdf;]jfdf lg/Gt/tf lbg gldNg] egL kz' ;]jfljefun] hfgsf/L u/fPsf]n] ljkIfLsf lg0f{otyf sfd sf/jfxL ab/ u/L Ps tx dflysf];'ljwf lbg gldNg] eP dnfO{ ;]jfdf lg/Gt/sfd ug]{ cj;/ lbg' lbnfpg' egL k|ToyL{x¿sfgfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] dfu u/]sf]b]lvG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsn]lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @)s-@_adf]lhd Ps txdflysf] kbdf a9'jf u/L/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/kfpFm egL kz' ;]jfsf]/fhkq cg+lÍt k|yd >]0fL -k|fljlws_ kbaf6/fhLgfdf lbPsf]df Ps >]0fLdflysf] kb, kz'ljsf; clws[t -/fhkqf+lÍt t[tLo >]0fL k|fljlws_kbdf a9'jf u/L lgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[tu/L lghnfO{ cjsfz lbOPsf] eGg] kz' ;]jfljefu, sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfn] lgj]bsnfO{lbPsf] ldlt @)^*.$.@# sf] kqaf6 b]lvG5 .lgj]bsnfO{ cjsfz lbPkZrft\ lghsf] k]G;gk§fagfO lbg egL kz' ;]jf ljefun] lghfdtLlstfavfgfnfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf]df lgj]bssf] pd]/%) jif{ k"/f ePsf] gb]lv+bf cjsfzkqfg';f/lghnfO{ ;'ljwf lbg gldNg] egL lghfdtLlstfavfgfn] kz' ;]jf ljefunfO{ ldlt@)^*.%.! sf] kqåf/f hfgsf/L u/fPsf] eGg]



406406406406406

b]lvg cfpF5 . Ps txdflysf] kbsf] ;'ljwfgkfpg] eGg] hfgsf/L ePkZrft\ :jLs[t ePsf]/fhLgfdf ab/ u/L k"j{jt ¿kdf sfdsfh ug{kfpFm egL lgj]bsn] kz' ;]jf ljefudf ldlt@)^*.%.! df lgj]bg lbPsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/-;lrj:t/_sf] ldlt @)^*.!).@ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/Psrf]6L :jLs[t e};s]sf] /fhLgfdf ab/ u/Lk'gM gf]s/Ldf lg/Gt/tf lbg ldNg] sfg"gL Joj:yfgePsf] eGg] cfwf/df k"j{jt¿kdf sfdsfhug{ lbg gldNg] egL ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lgj]bsnfO{u/fOPsf] eGg] s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno, kz';]jf ljefun] lgj]bsnfO{ ldlt @)^*.!).@@sf] kqåf/f hfgsf/L u/fPsf] eGg] ldl;n ;+nUgpQm kqsf] k|ltlnlkaf6 b]lvg cfpF5 .

#= pk/f]Qm tYox¿nfO{ x]bf{ k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf /fhLgfdf :jLs[t e};s]kl5lbOPsf] cjsfz kqfg';f/sf] ;'ljwf lgj]bsn]kfpg'kg]{ xf], xf]Og / ;f] ;'ljwf gkfpg] ePdflgj]bsn] k"j{jt\ ¿kdf ;]jfdf sfdsfh ug{kfpg'kg]{ xf], xf]Og eGg] s'/f g} lg/f]k0f x'g'kg]{ljifo b]lvof] . tt\;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @)s-@_ df æPp6}kbdf sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd axfn /lx/x]sf]/fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]eGbf d'lgsf s'g}lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] bkmf #% adf]lhd :j]lR5scjsfz lng rfxL lgj]bg lbPdf lghnfO{ Ps>]0fLdflysf] kbdf a9'jf u/L cjsfz lbOg]5ÆeGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf pNn]v 5 . pQm sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ a9'jf u/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[tul/kfpFm egL oL lgj]bsn] lgj]bg lbPsf]dfkz' ;]jf ljefun] lgj]bg dfucg';f/ g} lghnfO{kz' ljsf; clws[t kbdf a9'jf u/L kqlbPsf]df a9'jf kqcg';f/sf] ;'ljwf lbg gldNg]egL lghfdtL lstfavfgfn ] hfgsf/L

u/fPkZrft\ lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] /fhLgfdf ab/u/L k"j{jt\ ¿kdf sfdsfh ug{ kfpFm egLlgj]bg lbPsf]df ;]jfdf lg/Gt/tf lbg gldNg]egL kz' ;]jf ljefuaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 .

$= ca kz' ;]jf ljefusf] lg0f{osfg"g;Ddt 5, 5}g egL x]bf{ lgj]bsn] cfˆgf]/fhLgfdf kqdf g} Ps txdflysf] kbdf a9'jfu/L ;f]cg';f/sf] ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L /fhLgfdf:jLs[t ul/kfpFm egL lbPsf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[tePsf] b]lvG5 . /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln]/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ubf{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf]bkmf @)s-@_ Pj+ #% df ePsf] sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ lgj]bssf] pd]/ %) jif{ k'u]sf]5, 5}g . lghsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] cj:yf k'u]sf]5, 5}g, lgj]bsn] :j]lR5s cjsfz lng rfx]sf]xf], xf]Og cflb s'/fsf] hfFra'em u/L clen]v /sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ Ps >]0fLdflysf] kbdfa9'jf ug{ ldNg] ePdf dfq ;f] u/L lgj]bsnfO{cjsfz lbg ldNg] x'G5 . t/ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Laf6 tt\;DaGwLlg0f{o ubf{ lgj]bssf] pd]/ osLg ug{ ;lsg]sfuhft h:t}M gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq jf z}lIfsof]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq cflbdf pNn]v ePsf] pd]/af6lgj]bssf] pd]/ %) jif{ k'lu;s]sf] / lgj[lQe/0fkfpg] cj:yf ePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf dfqP]gsf] bkmf @)s-@_ adf]lhd lgj]bsnfO{ Ps>]0fLdflysf] kbdf a9'jf u/L cjsfz lbg'kg]{df;f] gu/]/ lgj]bssf] pd]/ g} osLg gu/L lghsf]/fhLgfdf :jLs[t u/L cjsfz lbPsf] b]lvgcfof] .

%= cfkm"nfO{ k"j{jt\ ¿kdf ;]jfdfsfdsfh ug{ gldNg] eP cjsfz kqcg';f/Ps txdflysf] ;'ljwf kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf]lgj]bssf] dfu /x]sf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{

407407407407407

lgj]bssf] hGd ldlt @)!*.!!.@& df ePsf]eGg] lghsf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqaf6 b]lvgcfpF5 . pQm k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] ldltaf6/fhLgfdf :jLs[t x'Fbfsf] ldlt @)^*.@.!*;Ddsf] cjlw u0fgf ubf{ lgj]bssf] pd]/ %)jif {sf ] k ' lu;s]sf ] b ] lvPg . lghfdtLlstfavfgfdf ePsf] lgj]bssf] clen]vaf6;d]t lghsf] pd]/ %) jif{ k'u]sf] gb]lvPsf]egL cjsfz kq cg';f/sf] ;'ljwf lbgc:jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 . o;/L lghfdtL;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @)s-@_ adf]lhd a9'jf x'gcGo Joj:yfsf] cltl/Qm lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf]pd]/ %) jif{ k'lu;s]sf] x'g'kg]{ eGg] :ki6Joj:yf ePsf] / lgj]bssf] gful/stfsf]k|df0fkq Pj+ lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf] clen]v;d]taf6 lghsf] pd]/ %) jif { k 'u ]sf ]gb]lvPsf]n] lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdf plNnlvtzt{ k"/f u/L lgj]bg lbPsf avt sfg"gadf]lhdx'g] g} x'Fbf sfg"gdf ePsf] Joj:yf ljk/Ltlgj]bsnfO{ cjsfz kqcg';f/ Ps >]0fLdflysf];'ljwf lbg' lbnfpg' egL clxn] g} cfb]z k|bfgug{ ldn]g .

^= tyflk lgj]bssf] /fhLgfdf x]bf{ pQm/fhLgfdf zt{;lxtsf] b]lvG5 . sfg"gdf ePsf]Joj:yfcg';f/ a9'jf kfpg] cfzfdf lgj]bsn]/fhLgfdf lbPsf] / lgj]bg dfucg';f/ lghnfO{a9'jf ;d]t u/L cjsfz lbPsf] b]lvG5 .lgj]bssf] pd]/ %) jif{ gk'u]sf sf/0f sfg"gdfePsf] Joj:yfljk/Lt lghn] ;'ljwf gkfpg]ePkl5 lgj]bs ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu kz';]jf ljefudf k'u]sf]df :jLs[t ePsf] /fhLgfdfab/ ug{ gldNg] eGg] cfwf/df ;]jfdf lg/Gt/tflbg gldNg] egL pQm sfof{noaf6 lg0f{o ePsf]b]lvof] . lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ePdf dfq To;n]

;fy{stf kfpF5 . gq To;sf] cy{ x'Fb}g . kz';]jf ljefun] Ps} ;fy lgj]bssf] a9'jf u/L/fhLgfdf ;d]t :jLs[t u/]sf] b]lvG5 . a9'jfug{ lgj]bssf] pd]/ gk'u]sf sf/0f lghsf] a9'jfsfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf a9'jfnfO{ 5f8L/fhLgfdf dfq sfof{Gjog u5'{ eGg sfg"gtMldNb}g . a9'jf sfod gx'g] t/ /fhLgfdf eg]:jLs[t x'g] egL cf+lzs lg0f{o sfod /fVgplrt / ljj]s;Ddt ;d]t b]lv+b}g .

&= cfkm"n] a9'jf kfpF5' eg]/ g} lgj]bsn]/fhLgfdf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]sf/0f cGttM a9'jf gx'g] ePkl5 lgj]bs ;]jfsf]lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu uPsf]df /fhLgfdf dfq:jLsf/ / sfof{Gjog u5'{ eGg ldNb}g . kz';]jf ljefun] Pp6} /fhLgfdf kqdf plNnlvtcfkm"k|lts"nsf s'/f nfu" gug]{ t/ cfkm"cg's"nsf s'/f dfq kfng ug]{, sfof{Gjog ug]{u/L /fhLgfdf ab/ ug{ gldNg] egL lg0f{ou/]sf] b]lvFbf lgj]bsnfO{ ;]jfdf lg/Gt/tf lbggldNg] u/L ePsf] kz' ;]jf ljefusf] lg0f{osfg"g;Ddt b]lvg cfPg .

*= t;y{ dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/ a'Fbf /sf/0faf6 lgj]bsn] Ps >]0fLdflysf] kbdf a9'jfu/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ul/kfpFm egL /fhLgfdflbPsf] b]lvPsf], lgj]bssf] dfucg';f/ g} lghsf]/fhLgfdf :jLs[t e} cjsfz lbPsf] b]lvPsf],sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ a9'jfsf] ;'ljwf cfkm"n]gkfpg] ePkl5 ;]jfdf lg/Gt/tfsf] nflulgj]bsn] lgj]bg lbPsf] cj:yfdf pQm lgj]bgnfO{:jLsf/ u/L k"j{jt ¿kdf lgj]bssf] ;]jfdflg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{df ;f] gu/L lghsf] /fhLgfdfdfq sfod /xg] u/L kz' ;]jf ljefuaf6 ldlt@)^*.!).@ df ePsf] lg0f{o sfg"gtM ldn]sf]gb]lv+bf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/lbPsf]



408408408408408

5 . ca lgj]bssf] lgj]bg dfucg';f/ lghnfO{a9'jf x'g'eGbf cl3sf] ;fljs kbdf oyfjt\sfd ug{ lbO{ ;]jfdf lg/Gt/tf lbg', lbnfpg'egL k|ToyL{ kz' ;]jf ljefu ;d]tsf] gfpFdfk/dfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . cfb]zsf] hfgsf/Lk|ToyL{x¿nfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .


Gof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn k'; @( ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ ===Ohnf; clws[tM jf;'b]j kf}8]n

lg0f{o g+=*(*) lg0f{o g+=*(*) lg0f{o g+=*(*) lg0f{o g+=*(*) lg0f{o g+=*(*)

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxdfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfn

)^^–WO–)%#$cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!@.@^.@

ljifo M– k/dfb]z÷pTk|]if0f .

lgj]bsM lhNnf ;nf{xL, vf]lvof ufpF ljsf;;ldlt j8f g+= # a:g] 57" /fo ofbj

lj?4ljkIfLM clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

;d]t

§ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v adf]lhdb'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg] cfb]z ug'{k"j{cfof]un] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmn]P]gsf] bkmf # adf]lhdsf] cg'lrt sfo{u/]sf] xf] egL bkmf !@s adf]lhd 7x/ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . bkmf !@v sf] sfg"gLJoj:yf kfng ubf{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]un] bkmf !@s adf]lhdsf];fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn]cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] xf] egL 7x/ul/;s]kl5 dfq} bkmf !@v adf]lhdcg'lrt sfo{af6 pTkGg b'ikl/0ffd;Rrfpgsf nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/Ljf lgsfonfO{ cfof]un] n]vL k7fpgldNg] :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 .bkmf !@s adf]lhd cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf]7x/ gub}{ ;f]sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg]egL bkmf !@v adf]lhd lg0f{o ug{gldNg] .

§ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #, bkmf !@s /bkmf !@v k/:k/df :jtGq sfg"gLJoj:yf geO { Pscfk;dfcGt/;DalGwt / cGt/lge{/ sfg"gLJoj:yf /x]sf] / oL sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿sf]k|of]u ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmsf] cg'lrt

sfo{af6 ;j{k|yd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ xflg, gf]S;fgL k'u]sf]cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf x'g'kb{5 . g]kfn;/sf/ jf cGo ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{p;sf] xs lxt jf :jfy{df s'g} xflg

&&&&&

409409409409409

gf]S;fgL ePsf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmn] u/]sf]sfo{sf ;DaGwdf cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf]egL ;f]nfO{ ;Rofpg], ab/ ug]{nufotsfclwsf/ cfof]unfO{ ePsf] ;DemggldNg] .

§ s'g} JolQmsf] hUuf btf{, bfv]n vf/]h,/lhi6«]zg OToflb ubf{ cGo JolQmsf]xs :jfldTjdf c;/ k/]sf]df jf s'g}sfo{ljlwut q'l6 ePdf c;/ kg]{ JolQmn];f]xL P]gdf n]lvPsf] k|lqmofadf]lhdsf]pkrf/ vf]Hg'kg]{ .

§ JolQm JolQmaLrsf] hUuf tyf ;f]sf]bfv]n vf/]h gfd;f/Lsf ;DaGwdf s;}sf]ph"/L lng tyf ph"/L lbPsf] eP klgcbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{onfO{ lgik|efjLt'Nofpg] u/L clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof ]un ] lg0f {o ug ' {sfg"gcg's"n dfGg ldNb}g / o:tf]lg0f{onfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qsf] cltqmd0fu/L lg0f{o u/]sf] eGg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ k|rlnt sfg"gn] Joj:yf u/]sf] pkfo

cjnDag gu/L clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph"/L lbPsf] / ;f]cfof]un] klg cfk"m;Fu k'g/fj]bsLoIf]qflwsf/ ePh:tf] u/L ph"/L :jLsf/u/L lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfk|lts"n /;f] km};nf lgik|efjL x'g] u/L lg0f{ou/]sf] cj:yfdf pQm lg0f{o cfˆgf]clwsf/If]q gf3L ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]

;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgnfO{ xflg

k'¥ofpg] u/L ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf]JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] cj:yfdfdfq clwsf/If]q u|x0f u/L sfo{ ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=*_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx¿ dxfb]jk|;fb ofbj, xl/s[i0f sfsL{ / clUgv/]n

ljkIfLtkm{af6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf e/tnfnzdf{

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #, !@s, v§ dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf *, #!

cfb]zGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / wf/f!)&-@_ adf]lhd o; cbfntdf bfo/ x'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pjd\cfb]z lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M–

jfbL d lgj]bs / k|ltjfbL e}/jaxfb'/eGg] e}/js/ zfSo eO{ wg'iff lhNnf cbfntdfrn]sf] n]gb]g d'2fdf k|ltjfbLaf6 d jfbLn] ¿=!*,!),))).– ;fFjf Jofh e/L kfpg] eGg] ldlt@)^%.^.% df ePsf] km};nfadf]lhd k|ltjfbLn];fFjf Jofh glt/]sf] lghsf] gfdsf] sf7df8f}FlhNnf, uf]n9'Ëf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= !-u_ ls=g+= *!, (*, ((, !)) / !)# sfhUufx¿ h]yfsf] ¿kdf b]vfO{ sf7df8f}F lhNnfcbfntdf lgj]bg lbPsf]df pQm hUufx¿ s;}n]klg ;sf/ gu/]sf] x' Fbf d cfkm} Fn] ldlt@)^%.!).@$ df 8fFs ;sf/ u/]sf] / sf7df8f}F

*(*) –*(*) –*(*) –*(*) –*(*) – 57" /fo ofbj lj=clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;d]t


410410410410410

lhNnf cbfnt tx;Ln zfvfsf] ldlt @)^%.!!.!#sf] kqn] e}/js/ zfSosf] gfdaf6 ;f] hUufd]/f gfddf bf=vf= x'g] lg0f{o eO{ dfnkf]t sfof{nol8NnLahf/sf] gfddf bf=vf= u/L hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{ lbg' eGg] cfb]z ePsf] lyof] . h]yfsf]¿kdf b]vfOPsf pQm hUufx¿ e}/js/ zfSosf]gfddf btf{ afFsL, ;|]:tf sfod ePsf] x'Fbf dlgj]bssf] gfddf bf=vf= ug{ gldNg] egL ljkIfLdfnkf]t sfof{non] ldlt @)^^.!.!) df sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntnfO{ kq n]v]sf]df sf7df8f}F lhNnfcbfntn] ldlt @)^^.#.@^ df ældlt@)^%.!).@$ sf] 8fFs ;sf/ ug]{ jfbL 57" /foofbjsf gfddf btf{ ug{ afwf gkg]{Æ egL k|ltjfbLC0fL e}/js/ zfSonfO{ ;d]t tfl/vdf /fvLaofg lng];Ddsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntn] bf=vf= ul/lbg] k'gM cfb]z u/Ldf]xLsf] efu 5'6\ofO{ afFsL hUuf ldlt @)^^.$.@)df d]/f gfddf bf=vf= ePsf] xf] .

o;} ljifonfO{ pQm n]gb]g d'2fsf ljkIfLk|ltjfbLsf efO ;"o{s/ zfSo ;d]tn] ljkIfLclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf dfnkf]tsfof{no l8NnLahf/sf] lg0f{o / ;f]xL cfwf/dfbf=vf= ug]{u/L u/]sf] sfo{ u}/sfg"gL ePsf] egLlgj]bg lbPsf] / ljkIfL clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]un] ;f]xL lgj]bgs} cfwf/df ldlt@)^^.*.* df ljkIfL cfof]un] æclVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf !@v cg';f/ ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{nol8NnLahf/sf] ldlt @)^^.$.@) sf] lg0f{o sfg"gLk|lqmof k"/f eO{ hUuf btf{ eof] eGg g;lsg]x'Fbf b'is[lt ;RofO{ pQm ljjflbt lsQfx¿ lg0f{ox'g'k"j{ btf{ afFsL cj:yfd} n}hfg'Æ egL dfnkf]tsfof{no l8NnLahf/sf gfddf cfb]z lbO{ ljkIfLdfnkf]t sfof{non] ;d]t d]/f] gfddf bf=vf=

eO;s]sf] hUufnfO{ k'gM bf=vf= cufj}sf] cj:yf/fVg] u/L lg0f{o u/]sfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#-@_ n] k|Tofe"tu/]sf] d]/f] df}lns xsdf :ki6 cf3ft k/]sf]x' Fbf ljkIfL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] ldlt @)^^.*.* sf] lg0f{o cfb]z /;f]xL cfb]zadf]lhd ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{non]ljjflbt lsQf hUufx¿ k"j{ btf{ afFsLs} cj:yfdfn}hfg] u/L u/]sf] lg0f{o ;d]t pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/fab/ u/L sfg"gadf]lhd d]/f gfddf btf{ ePsfhUufsf] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ dnfO{ lbO{ rng;d]t lbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf k/dfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfntdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'ggkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egLljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf lbg' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.(.!^ sf] cfb]z .

o; cfof]uaf6 ldlt @)^^.*.* dfePsf] lg0f{oaf6 s] s'g cfwf/df ljkIfLnfO{e]befj ul/of] / o; cfof]uaf6 sfg"gljk/Lts] s'g sfo{ eP u/]sf] egL l/6 lgj]bgdfpNn]v 5}g . dfnkf]t sfof{no, l8NnLahf/n]ljjflbt hUUffx¿ 57" /fo ofbjsf] gfddfbtf{ ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ k|rlnt sfg"gL sfo{ljlwk"/f gu/L lg0f{o u/]sf]n] ;f]af6 b'ikl/0ffdlg:sg] x'Fbf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v adf]lhdb'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg cfof]un] ;DalGwt clwsf/Ljf lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg ;Sg] x'Fbf ;f]xLclwsf/ k|of]u u/L cfof]un] lg0f{o u/L dfnkf]tsfof{no sf7df8f}FnfO{ n]vL k7fPsf] xf] .

411411411411411

k|ltjfbLsf gfddf btf{ x'g] gx'g] ;DaGwdf hf]h] a'‰g'kg]{ xf] a'emL btf{ x'g;Sg] b]lvg cfP8fFs d'r'Nsfadf]lhd 8fFs ;sf/ ug]{ jfbLsfgfpFdf btf{ ug{ afwf gkg]{ egL sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntaf6 cfb ]z ePsf ]df ;f ]adf]lhdsf] 5fglag gu/L sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/fgu/L 8fFs ;sf/ ug]{ JolQmsf gfddf btf{ ug]{lg0f {o u/ ]sf ]n ] ;f ] lg0f {oaf6 pTkGgb'ikl/0ffdnfO{ ;RofO{ k"j{ cj:yfdf n}hfg]u/L o; cfof]uaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)^^.*.* sf]lg0f{on] ljkIfLsf] xs clwsf/df s'g} lsl;dn]cf3ft gk/]sf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm .

clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6cg';Gwfg eO{ cfPsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug'{ o;sfof{nosf] sfg"gL bfloTj ePsf] / cfof]uaf6cg';Gwfg eO{ cfPsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lg0fo{sfof{Gjog ePsf]df o; sfof{nonfO{ ljkIfLagfpg'kg]{ s'g} cfwf/ gePsf]n] lgj]bssf] dfubfjL em"7f 5 . ljkIfLn] o; sfof{nosf] s]s:tf] sfdsf/jfxLaf6 lghsf] s] s:tf] xsclwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] xf] :ki6 lhsL/ glnO{u/]sf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/sf] lnlvthjfkm .

e}/jaxfb'/ eGg] e}/js/ zfSo, s[i0fdxh{g / ;"o{nfn dxh{gn] d'2fsf] sf/jfxLdf;l/s x'g kfpFm egL lbPsf] 5'§f5'§} lgj]bgsf]cfwf/df lghx¿nfO{ l/6 lgj]bgsf] sf/jfxLdf;l/s x'gsf nflu o; cbfntaf6 cg'dltk|bfg ul/Psf] .

lgodadf]lhdd k]zL ;"rLDff r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf

lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmfx¿ >L dxfb]j k|;fb ofbj, >L xl/s[i0fsfsL{ / >L clUg v/]nn] oL lgj]bs jfbL /e}/jaxfb'/ eGg] e}/js/ zfSo k|ltjfbL ePsf]n]gb]g d'2fdf wg'iff lhNnf cbfntaf6 oL lgj]bsjfbLn] k | ltjfbL e}/js/ zfSoaf6 ¿=!*,!),))).– e/L kfpg] 7x/]sf]n] lghsf] gfddf/x]sf] sf7df8f}F lhNnf uf]n9'Ëf ufpF ljsf;;ldlt j8f g+= !-u_, ls=g+= *!, (*, ((, !))/ !)# sf hUufx¿ b]vfO{ sf7df8f}F lhNnfcbfntdf ljuf] e/L kfpg lbPsf] lgj]bgsf]cfwf/df lnnfd eO{ pQm hUufx¿ c¿ s;}n]klg ;sf/ gu/]sf]n] oL lgj]bs cfkm}+n] ldlt@)^%.!).@$ df ;sf/ u/]sf] / sf7df08f} lhNnfcbfntn] ldlt @)^%.!).!# df plNnlvt lsQfhUufx¿ e}/js/ zfSosf] gfdaf6 oL lgj]bssf]gfddf bf=vf= ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ kqfrf/u/]sf]df pQm hUufx¿ e}/js/ zfSosf] gfddfbtf{ afFsL /x]sf]n] bf=vf= ug{ gldNg] egL sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntnfO{ hjfkm k|fKt eO{ sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntn] ldlt @)^^.#.@^ df k'gM cfb]zlbPadf]lhd dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/n] ldlt@)^^.$.@) df df]xLsf] efu 5'6\ofO{ oL lgj]bssf]gfddf bf=vf= u/]sf] 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{non] oLlgj]bssf] gfddf bf=vf= ug]{ sfo{ cbfntsf]km};nf sfof{Gjog l;nl;nfdf lhNnf cbfntn]u/sf] cfb]zadf]lhd u/]sf]df n]gb]g d'2fsfk|ltjfbL e}/js/ zfSosf efO ;"o{s/ zfSon]lbPsf] lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df ljkIfL clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rrfpg]egL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@v adf]lhd pQm ljjflbtlsQfx¿ lg0f{o x'g'k"j{ btf{ afFsL cj:yfd} n}hfg'eGg] u/]sf] lg0f{o / ;f]xL lg0f{osf] cfwf/df



412412412412412

dfnkf]t sfof{non] pQm hUufx¿ btf{ afFsLk"j{ cj:yfdf n}hfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] q'l6k"0f{ 5 .km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Gbe{df cbfntsf]cfb]zn] dfnkf]t sfof{non] u/]sf] bfv]n vf/]hug]{ sfo{nfO{ ab/ ug]{ clwsf/ ljkIfL cfof]unfO{clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf !@v n] lbPsf] 5}g . cbfntsf] km};nfjf dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] lg0f{opk/ lrQ ga'‰g]kIfn] sfg"gadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f] gu/LclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph"/Llbg] / ;f] cfof]un] klg To:tf] u}/sfg"gL ph"/LlnO{ k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf lg0f{o u/] h:tf] u/L ;f]cfof]un] u/]sf] lg0f{o u}/sfg"gL 5 . clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf !@v sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfdf ePsf]k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zn] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdk'g/fj]bg nfUg] /x]5 eg] cfof]un] To:tf] lg0f{ok|efljt x'g] u/L n]vL k7fpg] 5}g eGg] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . k|:t't d'2fdf dfnkf]t sfof{non]cfˆgf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df geO{ cbfntsf] lg0f{osf]cfwf/df oL lgj]bssf] gfddf plNnlvt hUufx¿bf=vf= u/]sf] cj:yfdf sfg"gn] clwsf/ g}glbPsf] ljifodf ph"/L lnO{ cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/eGbfaflx/ uO{ u/]sf] ljkIfL clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^^.*.* sf] lg0f{o/ ;f]xL cfwf/df ePsf] ljkIfL dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/LoL lgj]bsnfO{ pQm hUufsf] hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{lbg' eGg] k/dfb]z hf/L x'g'k5{ eGg] ;d]t ax;lhsL/ k|:t't ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof ]usf ] tkm {a f6 pkl:yt ljåfgpkGofoflwjQmf >L e/tnfn zdf{n] clVtof/

b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{ s'g} ;fj{hlgskb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf cg'lrt sfo{af6b'ikl/0ffd pTkGg ePdf ;f] ;Rrfpg] clwsf/clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@v n] lbPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}FlhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^^.#.@^ dfk|ltjfbLsf gfddf btf{ x'g] gx'g] ;DaGwdf hf]h] a'‰g'kg]{ xf] a'emL btf{ x'g ;Sg] b]lvg cfP8fFs d'r'Nsfadf]lhd 8fFs ;sf/ ug]{ jfbL 57"/fo ofbjsf gfddf btf{ ug{ afwf gkg]{ egLdfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ kq n]v]sf] 5 . ;f]kqadf]lhd dfnkf]t sfof{non] ;fljs btf{,lt/f] / ef]u ;d]tsf] 5fglag u/L btf{ x'g]gx'g] ljifodf lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df ;f] s]xL ga'emLldlt @)^^.$.@) df lg0f{o u/]sf]n] pQmlg0f{onfO{ sfg"gadf]lhdsf] lg0f{o eGg g;lsg]ePsf]n] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]b'is[lt ;Rrfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . cfof]usf]pQm lg0f{oaf6 oL lgj]bssf] df}lns xs s]s;/L xgg\ eof] eGg] s'/f l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]vx'g ;s]sf] 5}g . clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt sfg"gL clwsf/leq/xL u/ ]sf ] lg0f {o ab/ ug{ lgj]bssf ]dfuadf]lhdsf] l/6 hf/L x'g;Sg] cj:yf gx'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{ eGg] ;d]t ax;lhsL/ k|:t't ug'{eof] .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg / ldl;n ;+nUgsfuh k|df0fsf] cWoog u/L lgj]bs Pj+ ljkIfLsf]tkm{af6 k|:t't ePsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf]ax; lhsL/ ;'gL lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf], xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdflg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ oL l/6lgj]bsn] wg'iff lhNnf cbfntdf rn]sf] n]gb]g

413413413413413

d'2fdf k|ltjfbL e}/jaxfb'/ eGg] e}/js/zfSoaf6 ¿=!*,!),))).– ;fFjf Jofh e/Lkfpg] 7x/L ldlt @)^%.^.% df ePsf] km};nfsfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgh k|ltjfbLsf] gfdsf]sf7df8f}F lhNnf uf]n9'Ëf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltj8f g+= !-u_ ls=g+= *!, (*, ((, !)) /!)# sf hUuf b]vfO{ sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntdflbPsf] el/e/fpsf] lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df sf/jfxLubf{ pQm hUufx¿ cGo JolQmn] ;sf/ gu/]sf]n]oL lgj]bs cfkm}Fn] ldlt @)^%.!).@$ df 8fFs;sf/ u/]sf] / sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn]ldlt @)^%.!!.!# df e}/js/ zfSosf] gfdaf6oL lgj]bssf] gfddf bf=vf= ug{ dfnkf]tsfof{no l8NnLahf/nfO{ kq n]v]sf] b]lvG5 .pQm hUufx¿ e}/js/ zfSosf] gfddf btf{afFsL ;|]:tf ePsf] x'Fbf bf=vf= ug{ gldNg] egLdfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/n] sf7df8f}F lhNnfcbfntnfO{ kq n]v]sf]df sf7df8f}F lhNnfcbfntn] ldlt @)^^.#.@^ df plNnlvthUufx¿ k|ltjfbLsf gfddf btf{ x'g] gx'g];DaGwdf h], hf] a'‰g' kg]{ xf] a'emL btf{ x'g;Sg]b]lvg cfP o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.!).@$sf] 8fFs d'r'Nsfadf]lhd 8fFs ;sf/ ug]{ jfbL57" /fo ofbjsf gfddf btf{ ug{ afwf gkg]{egL cfb]z u/]sf] / ;f] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/Lldlt @)^^.#.@* df sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn]dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . dfnkf]tsfof{no l8NnLahf/n] sf7df8f} F lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.#.@* sf] kq;d]tsf]cfwf/df ldlt @)^^.$.@) df btf{ afFsL ;|]:tfk |dfl0ft u/L cbfntsf ] lnnfd ;sf/d'r'Nsfadf]lhd df]xLsf] efu s6fO{ df]xLn] dfu]sfavt k"hf{ agfO{ lbg] u/L c¿ afFsL hUuflnnfd ;sf/ u/]adf]lhd 57" /fo ofbjsf]

gfddf km};nfadf]lhd bf=vf= ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]/ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]unfO{ ;d]t u/fPsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

#= n]gb]g d'2fdf ePsf] cbfntsf]km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf cbfntsf]cfb]zadf]lhd dfnkf]t sfof{no, l8NnLahf/n]oL l/6 lgj]bssf] gfddf pQm hUufx¿sf]bf=vf= ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cbfntsf] km};nfclGtd /x]sf] / ;f] km};nf ab/ ug{ pQmd'2fsf kIf jf cGo s;}n] sfg"gsf] plrtk|lqmofadf]lhd ;Ifd cbfntdf r'gf}tL lbPsf]/ ab/ u/fpg ;s]]sf] 5}g . t/ km};nfadf]lhdePsf] pQm bf=vf= sf] ;DaGwdf n]gb]g d'2fsfk|ltjfbL e}/js/ zfSosf] efO ;"o{s/ zfSon]clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph"/LlbPsf] / ;f] ph"/Lsf] cfwf/df k|ToyL{ cfof]un]æplNnlvt lsQf hUufx¿ dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$adf]lhd ;fljs btf{, lt/f] / ef]u ;d]tsf]cfjZos 5fglag u/L btf{ x'g] gx'g] lg0fo{dfk'Ug'kg]{df ;f] u/]sf] gb]lvFbf dfnkf]t sfof{nol8NnLahf/sf] ldlt @)^^.$.@) sf] lg0f{osfg"gL ¿kdf ePsf] gb]lvFbf sfg"gL ¿kdfePsf] lg0f{o eGg ldn]g . sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/fgeO{ ePsf] lg0f{oaf6 hUuf btf{ eof] eGgg;lsg] x'Fbf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v cg';f/b'is[lt ;RofO{ pQm ljjflbt lsQfx¿ lg0f{ox'g'k"j{sf] btf{ afFsL cj:yfdf n}hfg dfnkf]tsfof{no l8NnLahf/nfO{ n]vL k7fpg]Æ lg0f{ou/]sf] / clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]pQm lg0f {oadf ] lhd dfnkf ]t sfof {nol8NnLahf/n] ldlt @)^^.*.!* df pQmhUufx¿sf] btf{ cfˆgf] ldlt @)^^.$.@) sf]lg0f{ok"j{sf] cj:yfdf sfod u/]sf] b]lvG5 .



414414414414414

$= k|:t't d'2fdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]un] dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] ldlt@)^^.$.@) sf] lg0f{ok"j{sf] cj:yfdf hUufsf]btf{ sfod ug]{ lg0f{o clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@vadf]lhd b'is[lt ;Rofpg u/]sf] eGg] ;f]cfof]usf] ldlt @)^^.*.* df lg0f{oaf6 b]lvG5 .pQm P]gsf] bkmf !@v df ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0fu/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf] cg'lrt sfo{af6 pTkGgb'ikl/0ffd k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;Rofpgsfnflu cfof]un] ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 . t/ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0fu/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg nfUg] /x]5 eg] cfof]un]To:tf] lg0f{o k|efljt x'g] u/L n]vL k7fpg]5}g eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/k|ToyL{ cfof]un] bkmf !@v sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]cg'kfng ug'{k"j{ bkmf !@s sf] cWoog u/Ltbg'¿k lg0f{o ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . bkmf!@s df ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn]cg'lrt sfo{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs;+:yfnfO{ xflg, gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPsf]df To:tf]xflg gf]S;fgL ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 el/e/fpug{ jf cfof]un] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZossf/jfxL ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfo jfclwsf/LnfO{ n]vL k7fpg]5 eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yful/Psf] 5 . plNnlvt bkmf !@s / !@v sfsfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u P]g, @)$* df clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]u -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%(n] yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfdf;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf]æcg'lrt sfo{Æ sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg] ;DaGwLJoj:yf /x]sf] 5 . bkmf !@v adf]lhd b'ikl/0ffd

;Rofpg] cfb]z ug'{k"j{ cfof]un] ;fj{hlgskb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmn] P]gsf] bkmf # adf]lhdsf]cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] xf] egL bkmf !@s adf]lhd7x/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . bkmf !@v sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfkfng ubf{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] bkmf !@s adf]lhdsf] ;fj{hlgs kbwf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] xf] egL7x/ ul/;s]kl5 dfq} bkmf !@v adf]lhd cg'lrtsfo{af6 pTkGg b'ikl/0ffd ;Rrfpgsf nflu;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ cfof]un] n]vLk7fpg ldNg] :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 .bkmf !@s adf]lhd cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] 7x/gub}{ ;f]sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg] egL bkmf !@vadf]lhd lg0f{o ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf #, bkmf !@s / bkmf !@v k/:k/df :jtGqsfg"gL Joj:yf geO{ Pscfk;df cGt/;DalGwt/ cGt/lge{/ sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] / oL sfg"gLJoj:yfx¿sf] k|of]u ;fd"lxs¿kdf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

%= ;f]adf]lhd bkmf !@s df æ;fj{hlgskb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] …cg'lrt sfo{Ú u/L g]kfn;/sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ xflg, gf]S;fgLk'¥ofPsf]dfÆ To:tf] xflg, gf]S;fgL ;DalGwtJolQmaf6 el/e/fp ug{ jf cfof]un] pko'Qm 7fg]sf]cGo cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{sf nflu ;DalGwtlgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ n]vL k7fpg] k|fjwfg/x]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmsf]cg'lrt sfo{af6 ;j{k|yd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ xflg, gf]S;fgL k'u]sf] cj:yfsf]ljBdfgtf x'g'kb{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{ p;sf] xs lxt jf :jfy{dfs'g} xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ JolQmn] u/]sf] sfo{sf;DaGwdf cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] egL ;f]nfO{ ;Rofpg],

415415415415415

ab/ ug]{ nufotsf clwsf/ k|ToyL{ cfof]unfO{ePsf] ;Demg ldNb}g . clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] pQm ldlt @)^^.*.* sf]lg0f{o x]bf{ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf]xs lxt lgxLt /x]sf] hUuf gf]S;fg ePsf] cyjf;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] hUuf ;DaGwdflg0f{o ePsf] geO{ JolQm JolQmaLr rn]sf] n]gb]gd'2fsf] ljuf] e/fpg] l;nl;nfdf Ps JolQmsf]xs :jfldTjsf] ls=g+= *!, (*, ((, !)) / !)#sf hUufx¿ cbfntsf] lg0f{o / cfb]zsf] cfwf/dfcsf]{ JolQmsf] gfpFdf bf=vf= gfd;f/L ePsf] sfo{sf;DaGwdf ePsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ jf;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] hUuf afx]s JolQmsf] xs:jfldTjsf] hUuf jf cGo ;DklQsf] ;DaGwdfcbfntsf] km};nf / cfb]zadf]lhd dfnkf]tsfof{non] u/]sf] lg0f{osf ;DaGwdf pQm bkmf!@s / bkmf !@v adf]lhd btf{ ;Rofpg], kl/jt{gug]{ lg0f{o ug{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] clwsf/If]q ePsf] b]lvFb}g . dfnkf]tsfof{no P]gadf]lhd ul7t lgsfo ePsf] / o;sf]sfo{If]q / o;n] ckgfpg] sfo{ljlw dfnkf]t P]g,@)#$ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} JolQmsf]hUuf btf{, bfv]n vf/]h, /lhi6«]zg OToflb ubf{cGo JolQmsf] xs :jfldTjdf c;/ k/]sf]df jfs'g} sfo{ljlwut q'l6 ePdf c;/ kg]{ JolQmn];f]xL P]gdf n]lvPsf] k|lqmofadf]lhdsf] pkrf/vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm JolQmaLrsf] hUuftyf ;f]sf] bfv]n vf/]h gfd;f/Lsf ;DaGwdfs;}sf] ph"/L lng tyf ph"/L lbPsf] eP klgcbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{onfO{ lgik|efjL t'Nofpg]u/L clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lg0f{oug'{ sfg"gcg's"n dfGg ldNb}g / o:tf] lg0f{onfO{cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qsf] cltqmd0f u/L lg0f{o u/]sf]eGg'kg]{ x'G5 .

^= k|:t't d'2fdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^^.*.* sf]lg0f{odf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@s adf]lhd ;f] cfof]un];fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrtsfo{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfnfO{xflg, gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPsf] eGg g;s]sf] tyfTo:tf] xflg, gf]S;fgL ;DalGwt JolQmaf6el/e/fp ug{ jf dfnkf]t clws[tnfO{ cfof]un]pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{sfnflu ;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ n]vLk7fPsf] eGg] b]lvFb}g . bkmf !@v sf] k|of]u;f] P]gsf] bkmf !@s adf]lhd cg'lrt sfo{u/]sf] 7x/ ePkl5 dfq} x'g;Sg] sfg"gLcj:yfdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] ldlt @)^^.*.* df dfnkf]t sfof{nol8NnLahf/sf] ldlt @)^^.$.@) sf] lg0f{onfO{ab/ ubf{ ;f] P]gsf] bkmf !@s df pNn]vePadf]lhd ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn]cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] egL 7x/ u/]sf] b]lvFb}g .dfnkf]t clws[tn] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] egL7x/ gu/L bkmf !@v adf]lhd cg'lrt sfo{sf]b'ikl/0ffd ;Rrfpg] egL lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvgcfPsfn] clVtof/ b'¿kof ]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] ldlt @)^^.*.* lg0f{o clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf #, bkmf !@s / bkmf !@v adf]lhdePsf] dfGg ldn]g .

&= o;sf cltl/Qm dfnkf]t sfof{nol8NnLahf/n] ldlt @)^^.$.@) df oL lgj]bssf]gfddf plNnlvt lsQf hUufx¿ bf=vf= ug]{lg0f{o ubf{ sf7df8f}F lhNnf cbfntn] km};nfsfof{Gjogsf] nflu n]v]sf] kqsf] cfwf/df u/]sf]b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]



416416416416416

pQm lg0f{o ;f] sfof{nosf] cfˆg} sfof{noLoIfdtf (Official Capacity) sf] cfwf/df geO{cbfntsf] km};nfsf] k|efj:j¿k ePsf] b]lvPsf]cj:yfdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]cbfntaf6 s'g} km};nf g} geP h:tf] jf ePsf]km};nfnfO{ k"0f{tof lgik|efjL agfpg] u/L ldlt@)^ .̂*.* df lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cbfntsf]km};nf jf dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] lg0f{oaf6 s;}sf]xs clwsf/df k|efj kf/]df jf s;}nfO{ lrQga'em]df k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg]sfg"gL clwsf/ To:tf] lrQ ga'‰g] kIfnfO{sfg"gtM k|fKt 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{non] dfnkf]tP]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf * adf]lhd cfˆgf]If]qflwsf/leq /xL u/]sf] sfo{sf ;DaGwdf lrQga'‰g] kIfn] ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf #! adf]lhdk'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ jf cGosfg"gL pkrf/sf pkfo ug'{kg]{df k|rlnt sfg"gn]Joj:yf u/]sf] pkfo cjnDag gu/L clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph"/L lbPsf] /;f] cfof]un] klg cfk"m;Fu k'g/fj]bsLo If]qflwsf/ePh:tf] u/L ph"/L :jLsf/ u/L lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nfk|lts"n / ;f] km};nf lgik|efjL x'g] u/Llg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ePsf]k|ToyL{ cfof]usf] pQm lg0f{o cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qgf3L ePsf] dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .

*= t;y{, plNnlvt cfwf/ / sf/0faf6clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] ;/sf/Ljf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgnfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg] u/L;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrtsfo{ u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq clwsf/If]q u|x0f u/Lsfo{ ug'{kg]{df ;f] afx]s Ps JolQmsf] hUufcbfntsf] km};nfadf]lhd cGo JolQmsf] gfpFdfbf=vf= gfd;f/L u/]sf] dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]lg0f{onfO{ k'g/fj]bg ;'gL lg0f{o u/];/x ab/

ug]{ u/L ldlt @)^^.*.* df u/]sf] lg0f{o clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf #, bkmf !@s / bkmf !@v sf] sfg"gLJoj:yfljk/Lt cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qsf] cltqmd0fu/L u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] ;f] lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{oadf]lhddfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/n] u/]sf] lg0f{o;d]tpTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t'tcfb ]zsf ] hfgsf/L dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ]sfof{nodfkm{t\ ljkIfLx¿nfO{ lbO{ k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=lu/Lz rGb| nfn

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn r}t @^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M– >Lk|sfz pk|]tL

lg0f{o g+=*(*! lg0f{o g+=*(*! lg0f{o g+=*(*! lg0f{o g+=*(*! lg0f{o g+=*(*!

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfn)^$–WO–)&%$

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.#.@&.$

ljifo M– pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM sflnsf]6 lhNnf, d]onu'8L+ uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ( 3/ e} xfn sf7df8f{}F

&&&&&

417417417417417

lhNnf=sf=d=g=kf= dxf/fhu~hdf 8]/fu/L a:g] uf]/vaxfb'/ lj=;L= ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no

;d]t

§ kfgL;Fu ;DalGwt ljifonfO{ lnP/dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf ;~rfng x'g]:yfgLo :t/s} JolQmx¿n] ;fj{hlgs;/f]sf/sf] ljifo 7fgL cbfnt;dIfpkl:yt x'g'nfO{ cGoyf egL cy{ ug{gldNg] .

§ 7"nf k|s[ltsf cfof]hgfn] To; If]qsfhgtfsf] hghLjgdf kfg{ ;Sg] c;/tyf k|efjsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ h'g;'s}gful/sn] hg;fwf/0fsf] ;b:osf] gftfn]hg;fwf/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/sf] vf]hLug{ cbfntdf k|j]z ug'{ :jfefljs dfGg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ hnljB'tsf] If]qdf ljsf; ug]{ cfof]hgf

:jefj}n] 7"nf cfof]hgf eO{ k"FhL /ljz]if1tfsf] cfjZostfsf cfwf/dfljb]zL k"FhL cfslif{t ug{ vf]lhPsf] x'Fbfg]kfnsf] k|rlnt sfg"g / gLltcGtu{tul/Psf] ;xdltnfO{ k|f/Ded} u}/sfg"gL;Demg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_§ hnljB't ljsf;sf] ;DaGwdf g]kfndf

hnljB'tsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZoscfof ]hgfx¿sf ] cfjZostf, tLcfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfex¿ clwstdagfpg], g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ljB't cfk"lt{u/fpg :yfgLo ¿kdf g} cfof]hgf

;~rfng x'g'kg]{ s'/fx¿ cfof]hgf 5gf}6ug]{ lx;fjn] dxTjk"0f{ / nfebfos x'g;S5g . s'g cfof]hgf s;/L ;~rfngug]{ / To;af6 k|fKt x'g] nfe / nfutsf]s'/fsf] cf}lrRo s] x'g] xf] eGg] s'/f/fHosf] / vf;u/L /fHosf] cËsf] ¿kdf/x]sf] sfo{kflnsfsf] pQ/bfloTjsf]ljifoleq kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!%_§ ljB't cfof]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f, 5gf}6

jf sfof {Gjog ;DaGwL gLltutk|Zgx¿df cbfntsf] vf; ;+nUgtf /xg]cj:yf /xb}g . s] s:tf cfof]hgfx¿/fi6 «sf nflu cfjZos x'g ] , tLcfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ubf{sf] cj:yfdfk|rlnt sfg"gdf s] s:tf Joj:yfx¿sfod 5g\ / tL sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]k|lts"n gx'g] u/L /fi6« tyf hgtfsf]lxtsf nflu sfo{kflnsLo lgsfon]k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fi6«sfnflu cfjZos To:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf]juL{s/0f, 5gf}6, ;~rfng, /]vb]v tyflgodg ug]{ h:tf lgoldt sfo{kflnlsosfo{df ;fdfGo cj:yfdf cbfntn]x:tIf]k u/L To:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf]lgdf{0f, ;~rfng tyf cGo lgoldtk|lqmofdf cj?4 kfg{ gldNg] .

§ ;+ljwfg, P]g, sfg"g k|lts"n s'g} sfdu/L hgtfsf] df}lns Pj+ sfg"gL xs jf;fj{hlgs xs lxtdf k|lts"n c;/kfg]{ sfd ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq} cbfntn];+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ clwsf/If]q u|x0f u/Llg0f{o ug]{ ub{5 . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lgtfGtk|zf;lgs jf gLltut lg0f{ox¿sf] nflu

*(*! –*(*! –*(*! –*(*! –*(*! – uf]/vaxfb'/ lj=;L=;d]t lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t


418418418418418

;/sf/ g} hgtfk|lt lhDd]jf/ /xg] x'gfn]To; ;DaGwdf cbfntn] ljrf/ ug'{kg]{cj:yf g/xg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!^_§ s'g} klg pTkflbt rLh, j:t' jf ;]jf

h:t} ljB'tsf] Jofkf/ x'g ;S5 / ;f]lgof{t klg ug{ ;lsG5 . sfg"gn] o:tf]sfo{ ug{ lgif]w u/]sf]df afx]s ;f] ug{gkfpg] eGg ldNb}g . ljB't :jo+nfO{k|fs[lts ;|f]t dfGg] xf] eg] e"ldaf6pTkflbt cGg klg k|fs[lts ;|f]t dfGg'kg]{/ To;sf] lgsf;L klg /f]Sg'kg]{ cj:yfcfpF5 . Jofkfl/s gLltsf] xsdf/fHoåf/f cfjZostfcg';f/ lgof{tdflgoGq0f ug{ g;lsg] xf]Og t/, Tof]leGg ljifo ePsfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^-@_ n]Joj:yf u/]sf] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgsfcfwf/df ;+;bLo cg'df]bg rflxg] ljifoTo;df nfu" gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!*_§ Joj:yflksf ;+;b cGtu{tsf] k|lqmof

ckgfpg'kg]{ jf cg'z/0f ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ kl/rfng ug{Go"gtd klg k|of; gug]{ t/ ;f]xL ljifodf;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] gfddf g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^sf] k"jf{j:yfx¿ ljxLg ePsf] yfxf kfpFbfkfpFb} ;f] wf/fsf] k|of]u u/L cfof]hgfsf];~rfng cj/f]w ug]{ b[li6sf]0f lng'nfO{dfq} klg :jLsfo{ dfGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!(_§ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} kIf;Fu hnljB't

cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwdf k|rlnt

ljB't ;DaGwL P]g, lgod / gLltcGtu{tlg0f{o u/L s'g} cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/ ePs} b]lvPsf] /To:tf] ljifodf ;fdfGo sfg"g Pj+ s/f/sf];d]t ljifo b]lvg cfPsf]n] o:tf] k|rlntsfg"g tyf sfg"gadf]lhd sfod /x]sf]s/f/sf] ljifoj:t'df o; cbfntn]c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q u|x0f u/L x:tIf]kug{' pko'Qm gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=@!_

lgj]bssf tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf af]0f{axfb'/sfsL{, afns[i0f Gof}kfg], ledfh'{gcfrfo{, sdngog kGt tyf/Tg;+;f/ >]i7

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf o'j/fh;'j]bL Pj+ ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf;'zLn kGt tyf clwjQmfx¿clgns'df/ l;Gxf, lzjk|;fb l/hfn,dx]zs'df/ yfkf, cd/lhjL l3ld/] /;'zLnljqmd yfkf

cjnlDat ghL/M;Dj4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ -@_ 3 -#_,#@, !)&-@_, !%^-@_

§ ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $, @@-@_§ g]kfn ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @-s_


;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ cGtu{tbfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKttYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M–

419419419419419

c5fd, b}n]v, ;'v]{t tyf sflnsf]6lhNnfdf cfof]hgf :yn /xg] dflyNnf] s0ff{nLcfof]hgf s/La #)) d]ufjf6 hnljB't zlQmpTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] Ifdtf ePsf] g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts;|f]tdf ljkIfLdWo]sf] hn;|f]t dGqfnon] k|];lj1lKt lgsfnL ldlt @)^$.!).!) ut]sf lbgg]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 hn;|f]t dGqfno /ljkIfL GMR LTD Consortium India sf aLr;Demf}tf ePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf]n] ;f]cfof]hgf xfdL ;a} g]kfnLsf] ;femf ;DklQx'g'sf ;fy} xfdL tdfd s0f{fnLaf;Lsf] hLjgsf]cfwf/ ePsf sf/0f ljkIfLx¿n] s] s:tf] ljlwaf6;f] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{;DaGwdf ;xdlt jf ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] / ;f]ljifo ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo To;df klgk|fs[lts ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;DklQ;DaGwL laifoePsf]n] xfdL l/6 lgj]bsx¿ dWo]sf] duf]/vaxfb'/ lj=;L=/ d /fd l;+x /fjnn]:yfgLojf;Lsf] x}l;otn] ;f] ;xdltkq jf;dembf/Lkq;Fu ;DalGwt cGo s'g} sfuhkqsfk|ltlnlkx¿ pknAw u/fO{ kfpFg dfu u/]sf]dfljkIfLx¿åf/f ;f]sf] k|ltlnlkx¿ lbOPg . xfdLlgj]bsx¿n] dflyNnf] s0f{fnL cfof]hgf;Fu;DalGwt b:tfj]hx¿ k|fKt u/L cWoog ug]{cj;/df lgj]bsx¿nfO{ ljkIfLx¿n] al~rtu/]klg hn;|f]t dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] k|];lj1lKtdf æ() lbgleq ;Dj4 kIfn] g]kfnljB't k|flws/0f;Fu ;xdlt u/L ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf]sDkgL :yfkgf ug]{ / ;f] sDkgLdf lgMz'Ns @&k|ltzt z]o/ g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ s'g}yk cfly{s bfloTj gkg]{ u/L k|bfg ug]{,cfof]hgfaf6 ljB't pTkfbg z'? ePsf] ldltb]lvpTkflbt ljB'tsf] !@ k|ltzt ljB't g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fpg],o;/L pknAw

u/fOPsf] ljB't k|rlnt gLlt tyf sfg"gsfcfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljB't laqmLaf6 k|fKtx'g] /f]oN6L / lgof{t s/sf] cltl/Qm x'g], ;+o'Qmpkqmdsf] sDkgL :yfkgfkl5 ;Dj4 kIfn]cg'dltkqsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg], k|:tfljtcfof]hgf ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu ljQLo ;|f]t ;Dj4kIfn] h'6fPkl5 %$ dlxgfleq cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Build,

Operate, Own, Transfer (BOOT) gLltsf] cfwf/dfpQm cfof]hgf #) jif{ cjlwsf] nflu k|bfgu/]sf]Æ eGg] a'Fbfx¿ pNn]v ePsf] b]lvg a'lemg;d]t cfof] .

dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB't cfof]hgf;a} /fi6«k|]dL, ljsf; k|]dL / g]kfnsf] jf:tljsljsf; rfxg] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf] k|fs[lts ;DklQePsf]n] of] cfof]hgf Ps uDeL/ /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf]ljifo xf] . pQm cfof]hgf rLgsf] :jfzfl;t If]qltJjtsf] dfg;/f]j/ tyf /fIf; tfn glhsaf6pTkflbt eO{ g]kfn k|j]z u/L of] s0ff{nL gbLsf];'b'/klZrd tyf dWo klZrdf~rnsf] c5fd,b}n]v, sflnsf]6 tyf ;'v]{t lhNnfdf cjl:yt/xg] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf /g ckm l/e/cfof]hgfdWo] cfly{s b[li6n] b]zs} ;a}eGbf ;:tf]/ /fd|f] cfof]hgf xf] . s/La $^ s/f]8 ̂ * nfvcd]l/sL 8n/ cg'dflgt nfut /sd /xg] of]cfof]hgf b}n]vsf] nsGb|f uf=lj=;=sf] :ofFnfuf8glhs afFw afFwL s0ff{nL gbLsf] kfgLnfO{ (=%8fold6/sf] uf]nfO{ @=$ lsnf]ld6/ nDjfO{ /xg];'?ªdfkm{t c5fdsf] t'df{vfb uf=lj=;=sf= afNb]glhs ljB't u[xdf v;fnL #)) d]ufjf6 ljB'tIfdtf pTkfbg ul/g] / ;f] ljB't /fi6«sf] lxtdfk|of]u ul/g] k|s[ltsf] k|fs[lts ;DklQ ePsf]dfljjfb 5}g . jt{dfg cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f ## -0f_ n] d'n'sdf ljBdfg hn;|f]t



420420420420420

nufot k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] /fi6«sf] lxtdfk|of]u ug]{ eGg] ;d]t /fHosf] k|d'v bfloTjePsf], ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f -!_,-@,3_ / -#_ adf]lhd k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf]pkof]usf] afF8kmf8 ;DaGwL ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfcg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{gJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{;b:ox¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ug'{kg]{ zt{/flvPsf] / ;f] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ;f]xL wf/fadf]lhd cg'df]bg, ;lDdng :jLs[lt jf ;dy{ggeP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn /fHosf] xsdfnfu" ePsf] dflgg] 5}g eGg] pNn]v ePsf]df;f]adf]lhd gu/L ;f] k|lqmofnfO{ 5nL lghLs/f/ -Private Contract_ sf] dfWodn] lgdf{0f ug]{egL ;+ljwfgsf] ;d]t pk]Iff u/L ljkIfL hn;|f]tdGqfnon] Joj:yflksf ;+;b;dIf k]z u/L pQm;Demf}tfnfO{ cg'df]bg;d]t gul/sg} ljkIfLx¿n]s0ff{nL /fHosf] k|fb]lzs cv08tfdf;d]t k|lts"nc;/ kfg]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 hn;|f]tdGqfno / GMR LTD Consortium India aLr;Demf}tf ePsf] x'Fbf ;f] ljkIfLsf] sfo{ k|ydb[li6d} c;+j}wflgs Pj+ u}/sfg"gL ePsf] cjutu/fpFb5f}+ .

g]kfnsf] k|rlnt ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^df eP h:t} k|fjwfg ;d]l6Psf] ljutsf]cg'ejnfO{ x]/L g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,@)$& sf] wf/f !@^ nfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ pQmwf/f !@^ sf] kl/efiff / JofVofsf ;Gbe{df6gsk'/ ;dembf/L;DaGwL d'2fdf ;d]t ;Ddflgt;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] cfb]zsf] kfngf o:t}k|s[ltsf cGo ljjfbx¿df s] s;/L ug{ ;lsG5eGg] ljifodf s]xL jif{cufl8 hn;|f]t dGqfno,hn tyf zlQm cfof]u / ljleGg :jtGqljz]if1x¿ aLr k6sk6s 5nkmnx¿ ePsf

lyP . o;kl5 k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] bL3{sflngafF8kmfF8 / ltgsf] Jofks, uDeL/ / bL3{sflngc;/sf ;DaGwdf Ps l:ylt kq -Status Paper_tof/ ul/Psf] / pQm l:ylt kqn] :ki6 ¿kdfafF8kmfF8sf] l:ylt klxNofpg / osLg ug{sfnflu To;/L pTkflbt kfgL tyf lah'nLsf] b]zsf]l:ylt ;Ldfgf kf/ u5{ ls ub}{g eGg] s'/f x]g'{kg]{ olb kf/ u5{ eg] ;f]lxcg';f/ / kf/ ub}{geg] To;} cg';f/ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 tyfTo;sf] Jofks, uDeL/ / bL3{sflng c;/x¿sf]JofVof ug'{kg]{ o:tf] afF8kmfF8sf] k|Zgn] b'O{ b]zsf]jLrsf] lx:;]bf/L sfod ug]{ tTsflng ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !@^ cg';f/ ;+;bsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtcfjZos kg]{ cfwf/ eg]/ l:yltkqn] hDdf gf}a'Fbfx¿ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;cg';f/ s'g} klghnljB't cfof]hgf cGtu{t kfgLsf] cGt/ 3fF6L-inter basin_ :yfgfGt/0f x'g] ePdf,cfof]hgfaf6lj:yflkt x'g] hg;+Vof !) xhf/ eGbf a9L x'g]ePdf, cfof]hgfaf6 @% ju{ lsnf]ld6/ eGbfa9L s[lif r/g jf jgIf]q k|efljt 8'jfg x'g]ePdf ,cfof]hgfdf ljb]zL nufgLsf] / g]kfnLnufgLsf] lx:;f qmdz *) / @) k|ltztsf]cg'kft eGbf a9L ePdf, cfof ]hgfsf ]nufgLstf{n] /fHoaf6 k|Tofe"ltsf] dfu u/]df,cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt kmfObfx¿ kfgLsf] ;§fk§fjf kfgLsf] ;§f cGo j:t'sf ¿kdf afF8kmfF8ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf ePdf, s"n pTkflbtljh'nLsf] %) k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L kl/df0fljb]z lgof{t x'g] ePdf / dflyNnf] e]udf lgdf{0fePsf] hnfzosf] sf/0fn] g]kfn ;Ldfgf 5f]8\g]ljGb'df gbLsf] ;'Vvfofdsf] axfjdf !) k|ltztj[l4 x'g] ePdf jf af9Lsf] dfqfdf sd x'g] ePdfeGg] Aoa:yfx¿ ;d]tsf] pQm l:yltkqsf]lgb]{zg ;d]tnfO{ cg'z/0f ug'{kg]{df ;f]sf] ljk/Lt

421421421421421

u} jt{dfg dlGqkl/ifb\ tyf hn;|f]t dGqfno /k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ;fwg ;ldlt Pj+ cy{ ;ldlt;d]tn] lg0f{o u/]sf] s'/f k|sflzt k|]; lj1lKtsf]plNnlvt Joxf]/faf6 k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

jt{dfg cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] ;+3Lo zf;gk|0ffnLnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L ;s]sf] / ;f] dflyNnf]s0ff{nL cfof]hgf k"0f{¿kn] s0ff{nL k|b]zdf /x]sf]df;f] If]qsf :yfgLo jfl;Gbfnufotsf ToxfFsfcfd gful/sx¿sf] k|ToIf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifoePsf]df ToxfFsf] :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ lj:t[t ;"rgflbg] pgLx¿sf] ;xdlt / :jLs[lt lng], /fo;'emfj lngsf nfuL 5nkmn tyf ;Dafb rnfpg]/ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf :yfgLojf;Lsf] cy{k"0f{;xeflutf u/fpg ' kg ] {df ljkIfLx¿n];f]adf]lhdsf s'g} lsl;dsf] k|efjsf/Lsfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ;d]t gu/L jt{dfghn;|f]t P]g, @)$(, / ljB't P]g, @)$( tyfhnljB't gLlt @)%* df p2]Zo /0fgLlt /gLltsf jvL{nfk e} ckf/bzL{ 9+un] l56f]5l/tf]sf]xL s;}nfO{ yfxf hfgsf/L ;d]t gbLO{ xtf/xtf/df ;Demf}tfnfO{ d"t{¿k lbg] s'r]i6f u/]sf]b]lvPsf] 5 . hnljB't gLltsf] ljk/Lt u} g]kfn;/sf/n] kfpg'kg]{ /f]oN6L ;d]tsf] cjd"Nogu/L ;xdlt ul/Psf] tyf pQm ;xdlt sfof{Gjogug]{ ;DaGwdf k|sflzt k|]; lj1lKtsf] k|s/0f g+=$ df pNn]v u/] d'tfljs k|:tfljt cfof]hgf;DkGg ug{sf] nflu ljQLo ;|f]t ;Dj4 kIfn]h'6fPkl5 %$ dlxgf leq cfof]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ug]{5Æ eGg] jfSof+z /fvL ljkIfLx¿n];xdlt u/]af6 klg ljKfIfLdWo]sf GMR LTD

Consortioum n] ljQLo ;|f]t slxn] h'6fpg] xf]olb lghn] slxNo} klg ljQLo ;|f]t gh'6fP/cfh cfh ef]ln ef]ln eGb} uPdf dflyNnf]s0ff{nLsf] cj:yf s] x'g] ;f] s'/fsf] lglZrttfsf]

u'~hfo; slyt k|]; lj1lKtdf /x]sf] / /fHon]kfpg] k|ltkmn ;d]t Psbd} Go"g /flvPsf]b]lvG5 . pQm GMR LTD Consortium n] g]kfnnfO{ljB't laqmL ubf{ k|lt o'lg6 s] slt ltg'{kg]{;f]sf] jf/]df ;d]t pNn]v gePaf6 g]kfnLhgtfn] pQm If]qsf] ljB't cGt/f{li6«o ahf/dfkfpg] b//]6 eGbf dx+uf] b/df ljB't v/Lbug'{kg]{ k|jn ;Defjgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;e]usf hgtfsf] k'vf}{b]lv hLjg u'hf/f ug]{s[lifof]Uo hldg, ToxfFsf] jg ;Dkbf, ToxfFsf]k/Dk/fut ¿kdf /x]sf kz'kfng Joj;fonfO{6]jf k'¥ofpb} cfPsf] k|fs[lts ¿kn] l;+ufl/PsfgbLgfnf, vf]nf, tfn tn}of tyf ko{6sLo:ynx¿df kg{ ;Sg] c;/x¿sf] ;d]t j]jf:tfu/L ;f] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjogug]{ ;DaGwdf ;xdlt lbOg' To; e]usfhgtfnfO{ ;f]em} cGofo ;d]t xf] .

pQm k|]z lj1lKtdf cfof]hgfaf6 pTkfbgePsf] ljB't s] s;/L ljt/0f ug]{ ;f]af/]dfpNn]v gePaf6 cfˆg} If]qsf] ljB't cfkm}n]k|of]u jf pkef]u ug{ kfpg] gkfpg] s'/fdf pQm;xdlt df}g 5 . To;n] To; e]usf hgtfnfO{kg{ ;Sg] c;/ / ;f] c;/ k/]sf]df lbOg'kg]{plrt Ifltk"lt{sf] ;DaGwdf slxst} pNn]vgx'g'af6 ljkIfLx¿n] u/]sf] pQm ;xdlt jf;Demf}tf s]jn lglxt :jfy{ dfq xf] . k|fs[lts;|f ]tx¿ dfly ;DalGwt b]zsf hgtfsf];fj{ef}dtf;DaGwL k|:tfj ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efåf/f kfl/t k|fs[lts;|f]tdfly ;fj{ef}ldstf ;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !((@tyf cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f F:s[ltsclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o cg'aGw, !((^ sf]lj?4 u} dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB't cfof]hgfIf]qsf :yfgLo hgtf / ;d:t g]kfnL hgtfsf]



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;fj{ef}d clwsf/ dfly ;f]em} gh/cGbfh ul/Psf]5, . dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf cfkm}df k|fs[lts;|f]t tyf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf]dfljjfb 5}g . of] cfof]hgf 7"nf] cfof]hgf x'g'sf]sf/0f o;n] bL3{sflng ¿kdf jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0ftyf ;fdflhs ¿kdf lg/Gt/ 9+un] ljjfbcfO/x]sf] / of] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hn ljB'tcfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf ljkIfLx¿n]tof/ u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ b:tfj]h, k|ltj]bgnufotsf;Demf}tf kqsf] k|ltlnlk lgj]bsx¿nfO{ ;d]tgbLPaf6 lgj]bssf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf ;d]t cf3ftkg{ uPsf] 5 . b]zdf xfn;Dd s"n ljB't pTkfbg^)) d]ufjf6sf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf] / ljB't dfuTof] eGbf j9L /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pTkflbt ljB'tck'u ePsf] cj:yfdf jiff {ofddf ;d]tnf]8;]l8ªsf] df/ v]Kg' kl//x]sf] l:ylt 5 .x/]s jif{ ljB'tsf] dfu a9\b} uPsf] 5 / clxn]klg *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L cfd g]kfnL hgtfljB't ;]jf pkef]u ug{af6 al~rt 5g\ . g]kfnn]cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] lgldQ ljB'tsf] dfu slt x'g]xf] eGg] s'/f osLg ug{ ;lsb}g . To;}n] dflyNnf]s0ff{nL cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'Fbf;DdpQm cfof]hgfaf6 pTkfbg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljh'nLg]kfnleq} vkt x'g] jf ;f] kof{Kt gx'g] clglZrt5 . ctM dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf ;a} g]kfnLsf];femf k|fs[lts ;DklQ ePsf], o;sf] afF8kmfF8sf;DaGwdf ePsf ;Demf}tfx¿sf] cg'df]bg jt{dfgcGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f-!_, -@3_, -#_ adf]lhd x'g'kg]{df ljkIfLx¿n]u/]sf] ;Demf}tfn] plNnlvt wf/fsf] alv{nfkePsf] / ;f] ;Demf}tf jf ;xdltnfO{ k|rlnthnljB't ljsf; gLlt @)%* n] ;d]t ;dy{ggu/]sf] pQm ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ePsf] v08dflgj]bs nufot ;f/f g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] wf/f!@ sf] :jtGqtfsf] xs, wf/f !# sf] ;dfgtfsf]xs, wf/f !* sf] k]zf tyf /f]huf/Lsf] xs,wf/f !( sf] ;DklQ dflysf] xs, wf/f @& sf];"rgfsf] xsnufotsf ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLxsdf k|ToIf cf3ft k'Ug] ePsf]n]] pQm ;Demf}tfpTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ adf]lhdljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf k/dfb]z nufot hf] rflxg]pko'Qm cf1f jf k"lh{ hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf]l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq ;DalGwt lg0f{o ;lxtsf] kmfon;d ]t ;fy } /fvL dxfGofof lwjQmfsf ]sfof{nodfkm{t lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egL l/6lgj]bgsf] Ps k|lt gSsn ;fy} /fvL ljkIfLg]kfn ;/sf/, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{ To;sf] af]wfy{dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nonfO{ lbg' .

g]kfn ;/sf/ / ef/tsf] lh=Pd=cf/=OghL{ lnld6]8 aLr dflyNnf] s0f{fnL hnljB'tkl/of]hgf lgdf{0f / ;~rfngsf nflu ;dembf/Lkqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] / ;f] ;dembf/L k"0f{;Demf}tf ePsf]n] ;f] ;Demf}tfdf kl/of]hgfaf6pTkflbt ljB't zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ eGg] ;d]t;Demf}tfsf] zt{ ePsf]n] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / To;sf]afF8kmfF8;DaGwL sfo{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !%^-@_ adf]lhd ;+;baf6 cg'df]bggeP;Dd nfu' x'g g;Sg] egL lgj]bgsf] d'VobfjL /x]sf] b]lvof] . g]kfnsf] gbLgfnfaf6 aUg]kfgL k|fs[lts ;|f]t eP klg ;f] kfgLnfO{ k|ljlwsf]k|of]u u/L pTkfbg ul/Psf] ljB't zlQm klg

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k|fs[lts ;|f]t xf], xf]Og eGg] k|Zg tyf g]kfn;/sf/n] s'g} /fli6«o, cGt{/fli6«o jf ;+o'QmnufgLsf] lghL If]qsf] sDkgL;Fu ul/Psf] o:tf];dembf/Lkq -Memorandum Of Understanding_;Demf}tf xf], xf]Og / ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg x'g'kg]{k|s[ltsf] xf], xf]Og eGg] ;d]tsf ljifox¿ k"0f{;'g'jfO{ x'Fbf a[xt 5nkmn kZrft lg0f{o x'g]ljifo ePsf]n] o:tf]df xfn cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L ug{ plrt / pko'Qm gb]lvPsf]n]lgj]bsx¿sf] dfFu adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/Lug{ ldn]g . lgj]bs / k|ToyL{x¿sf] tkm{af6ax; x'Fbf o:t} ljifodf @)^$ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=))%# sf] lgj]bs /fdrGb| r6f}t ;d]t lj?4k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]tePsf] pTk|]if0f ljifosf] l/6 o; cbfntdfljrf/fwLg /x]sf]n] ;f] l/6 lg0f{o ePkl5 ;f]lg0f {osf ] k | ltlnlk ;fy} /fvL ljifosf ];Dj]bgzLntf ljrf/ u/L k|:t't d'2fnfO{cu|flwsf/ lbO{ lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ eGg];d]tsf] o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf]cfb]z .

ljjflbt ljifosf] ;Gbe{df o; ;ldltsf]s'g} ;+nUgtf g} 5}g . b]zsf] hn;|f]t / k|fs[lts;|f]tsf] d'n'sleq} pkof]u ug{sf] nflu ;~rfngul/g] k|To]s cfof]hgf ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ;+;baf6cg'df]bg ug{'kg]{ afWoftf ;+ljwfgn] l;h{gf u/]sf]b]lvb}g . hnljB't kl/of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f /;~rfng ;DaGwdf lgdf{0f Joj:ffoL sDkgL;Fuul/g] ;Demf}tfnfO{ g]kfn ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf]bkmf @ sf] v08 -s_ df kl/eflift ul/Psf] /g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^cfslif{t x'g] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf dfGg sbfkLldNg] xf]Og . Joj:yflksf ;+;b lgodfjnL, @)^#sf] lgod !*! adf]lhd cy{ / cfly{s of]hgf

o; ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ ljifo ePsf]dfljjfb 5}g . hnljB't pTkfbgsf nflu s'g s'gcfly{s jif{df s] s:tf] k|lqmof jf lgodaf6 s;s;nfO{ gbL gfnfsf] nfO;]G; lbOPsf] 5, To;dfs] s:tf zt{x¿ 5g eGg] ;DaGwdf dflyNnf]s0ff{nLnufotsf s]xL hnljB't kl/of]hgfsf];DaGwdf hn;|f]t dGqfnoaf6 eP u/]sfsfdsf/jfxLx¿sf ;DaGwdf ;d]t o; ;ldltn]cfˆgf] Oversight Function cGtu{t jf hn;|f]tdGqLnufotsf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{;ldltdf cfdGq0f u/L ljutdf 5nkmn ul/Psf]/ of] Ps lgoldt k|lqmof g} xf] . hnljB'tlasf;sf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ cfof]hgfx¿ :jb]zLtyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿af6 k|lt:kwf{sf]dfWodaf6 sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;'emfj lbg;/sf/åf/f efg' k|;fb cfrfo{sf] ;+of]hsTjdful7t ;ldltsf] ;'emfj k|ltj]bg / ljjflbtdflyNnf] s0ff {nL cfof ]hgfsf] ;DaGwdfJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwg;ldltn] cWoog u/L ;DalGwt lgsfox¿nfO{lgb]{zg lbO;s]sf] cj:yfdf xfn cy{ ;ldltn]s]xL ug{ gkg]{ egL ldlt @)^$.$.!$ df lg0f{oePsf] / sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwtlgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg ;ldlt ;b}jlqmofzLn /x]sf]n] o; cy{ ;ldltsf] xsdfcgfjZos ¿kdf ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ ePsf]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg cf}lrToxLg b]lvFbf vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf] Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]cy{ ;ldltsf tkm{af6 o; cbfnt;dIf k/]sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

k"j{ ;lrj >L efg'k|;fb cfrfo{sf];+of]hsTjdf ul7t sfo{bnsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍgk|ltj]bg;d]t cWoog u/L Pp6f sDkgL jfnufgLstf{nfO{ Pp6f dfq kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f



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ug{ lbg pko'Qm x'g] sDkgL jf nufgLstf{nfO{5gf}6 ubf{ lgMz'Ns pmhf{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbb}lgMz'Ns k"FhLut lx:;fnufot d'n'snfO{ a9LeGbf a9L cfly{s nfe x'g] s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbg],nufgLstf{nfO{ kkm{d]G; a08 /fVg nufpg] /o:tf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ /fhgLlts ;xdltsfod ug]{ ;d]tsf lnlvt lgb]{zg ;ldltn]hn;|f]t dGqfnonfO{ ldlt @)^$.$.! sf]lg0f{oaf6 lbPsf] xf] . oL lgb]{zgx¿ cfof]hgfsfof{Gjogdf cjnDag ul/g'kg]{ kf/blz{tf /plrt k|lqmof cjnDag ug]{ gLltut ljifo;Fu;DalGwt /x]sf 5g\ . dflyNnf] s0ff {nLcfof]hgf;Fu dfq s]lGb|t /x]/ ;ldltaf6 s'g}sfd sf/jfxL / lg0f{o ePsf] 5}g . hnljB'tkl/of]hgfaf6 pTkflbt ljB'tnfO{ cfly{s ;d'Ggltu/fpg] dxTjk"0f{ j:t'sf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/L To;sf]pTkfbg / pkof]udf d'n'snfO{ a9L eGbf a9Lcfly{s nfe xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] g} ;ldltn]hn;|f]t dGqfnonfO{ plNnlvt gLltut lgb]{zglbPsf] ;d]t ePaf6 lgj]bg cf}lrToxLg x'Fbfvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t /;fwg ;ldltsf tkm{af6 o; cbfnt;dIf k]zePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

!) d]ufjf6eGbf a9L Ifdtfsf] hnljB'tpTkfbg cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fP]g, @)%#, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$adf]lhd jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg :jLs[tu/fP/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfadf]lhd dflyNnf] s0ff{nLhnljB't cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwdfjftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍgsf nflu o; dGqfnodfxfn;Dd s'g} lgj]bg k/]sf] b]lvFb}g . lgj]bgk|fKt ePkl5 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%#,jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ adf]lhdjftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍg x'g] Joxf]/f ;d]t

hfgsf/L u/fpF5f} eGg] ;d]tsf] jftfj/0f lj1fgtyf k|ljlw dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 o; cbfnt;dIfk]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

s'g} JolQm, ;+u7g jf ;+:yfn] ljB'tsf];j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] nfluljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $ n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]Joj:yfadf]lhd cg'dltkq k|fKt u/L ljB'tsf];j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] sfo{ ug{;Sg] / oxL Joj:yfadf]lhd xfn;Dd b]zsf]ljleGg efudf ljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0fjf ljt/0fsf] sfo{ljlw eO{ g} /x]sf 5g\ . ;f]xLP]gsf] bkmf @@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ n] ljB'tsf]pTkfbgsf] nflu cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmn] cfkm"n]pTkfbg u/]sf] ljB't ljb]zdf lgof{t ug{ rfx]df;f] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu ;Demf}tf u/Llgof{t ug{ ;Sg], To;/L ljB't lgof{t ug]{n];/sf/nfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd lgof{t s/ ltg'{kg]{Joj:yf ;d]t ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -#_ dful/Psf] 5 . ljwflosfaf6 kfl/t P]gsf pko'{Qmsfg"gL Joj:yfx¿nfO{ l/6 lgj]bsn] pk]Iff ug{;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . l/6 lgj]bsn] ;f] P]gsfJoj:yfnfO{ r'gf}tL g} gbLO{ P]gadf]lhd ePu/]sf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ l/6lgj]bg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . l/6 lgj]bsn] k|:t't P]g;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] 5 eGg] bfjL glnO{ ;f]P]g cGtu{tsf sfd, sf/jfxL ;+ljwfg;DdtgePsf] egL ljkIfLn] lhsL/ lng'ePaf6 ;f]]lhsL/ lg/y{s 5 . dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB'tcfof]hgf ;DaGwdf ePsf] ;Demf}tf g]kfn ;lGwP]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdkl/eflift ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf g]kfn ;lGw sfg"gsf;DaGwdf cGt{/fli6«o:t/df ;DkGg ePsf ljleGgdxf;lGw dWo] ;lGw sfg"g;DaGwL ;g\ !(^(df ;DkGg leogf dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @=! sf] v08

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-s_ / cGt{/fli6«o ;+u7gx¿ aLr jf cGt{/fli6«osfg"gaf6 lgoldt x'g] ljifo klg xf]Og . s/f/sfg"gaf6 lgoldt x'g] ;fdfGo s/f/Lo k|s[ltsf]lnvt Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg x'g'kg]{Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# tyfk|rlnt sfg"gdf gePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hof]Uo5 . ef/tsf] lh=Pd= cf/ O{ghL{ lnld6]8;Fu;DkGg ePsf] ;Demf}tf ljB't P]g, @)$( sf]cwLgdf /xL sfof{Gjog x'g;Sg] Joj:yf xf] .cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmn] g]kfndf cfˆgf] Joj;fo;~rfng u/L ;f] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd cg'dltkqsf]cjlwe/ ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ / To;/L pTkfbgePsf] ljB't g]kfn sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|;f/0fnfOgdfkm{t\ ljt/0f ug]{, g]kfn sfg"gadf]lhdnfUg] s/, /f]oN6L / cGo b:t"/ cg'dlt k|fKtJolQmn] cg'dltkqsf] cjwLe/ a'emfO{ lghn]ljsf; u/]sf] cfof]hgf rfn' xfntdf g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . lghL If]qaf6k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ubf{ ckgfpg]ljZjJofkL cEof;cg';f/ lgdf{0f, ;~rfng,:jfldTj tyf x:tfGt/0f -BOOT_ sf] dfGotfadf]lhd ;~rfng x'g] k|:tfljt cfof]hgfaf6d'n'ssf] k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;df j}b]lzsnufgLsf] pkof]u x'g] of] pko'Qm tl/sf ePsf]n];/sf/åf/f :jLs[t gLlt, k|rlnt sfg"g tyfo; cl3 lghL If]qaf6 o; k|sf/sf cfof]hgfsfof{Gjog eOg} ;s]sf] cg'ej;d]tnfO{ pkof]uu/L k|:t't cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Demf}tfePsf] xf] . d'n'sdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f]t /;fwgsf] pkof]u / kl/rfng ubf{ /fi6«sf] a[xQ/lxtnfO{ WofgbLO{ ug'{kg]{ / ;f] hnljB'tcfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;f] P]g tyf cGo k|rlntsfg"gsf] cwLgdf /x]/ sfof{Gjog x'g] g} x'bf l/6lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5 vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]

;d]tsf] k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosftkm{af6 o; cbfnt;dIf k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

hnljB't zlQmsf] hlt;Sbf] rfF8f]pTkfbg u/L cf}Bf]lus sfo{df k|of]u x'g ;s]dfdfq} d'n's / xfdL ;a} d'n'saf;Lsf] sNof0f x'g]x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'n'ssf] lxtsf] nflu ug{rfx]sf] o:tf] cfly{s lxtsf] clej[l4 x'g] sfo{nfO{s;}n] klg afwf c8rg ug{ xF'b}g . hnljB'td'n'saf;L ;a}sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ rLh xf] /o:tf] cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g s]xL jif{ nfUg] g} x'Fbfclxn] g} o; ;DaGwdf ;/sf/n] lg0f{o gu/Lef]nLsf] nflu kv]{/ a;]df d'n'ssf] lxt gx'g]:ki6 g} ePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf ljkIfL l/6lgj]bsx¿n] lng'ePsf lhsL/x¿ d'n's /d'n'saf;Lsf] lxtdf gePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf] ljkIfL cy{dGqfno;d]tsf tkm{af6 o; cbfnt;dIf k]z ePsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #% adf]lhdg]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf;Fu s/f/u/L hnljB'tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fug]{ clwsf/ ePsf] ,ljB't P]g, @)$( tyfljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) hnljB't gLlt, @)%*n] ljB't lgof{t ug]{ hnljB't cfof]hgfx¿nfO{;d]6]sf] nufotsf sfg"gL Pjd\ gLltutJoj:yfadf]lhd hnljB't cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljsf;tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu dflyNnf]s0ff{nL, c?0f # / a"9L u08sL hnljB'tcfof]hgfx¿ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL k|j4{sx¿åf/fk|lt:kwf {sf ] dfWodaf6 sfof {Gjog ug] {p2]Zocg'¿k g]kfn ;/sf/, hn;|f]t dGqfnoaf6ldlt @)^#.*.@* df plNnlvt cfof]hgfx¿;~rfng ug{ rfxg] ;DefJo ;a} OR5's



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lghLIf]qsf k|jw{sx¿nfO{ cfof]hgf ljsf;df;xefuL u/fO{ a9L k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ u/L lghx¿af6k|:tfj cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L k|sflzt;"rgf cg';f/ k|fKt x'g cfPsf l;njGbL k|:tfjl;njGbL ¿kd} hn;|f]t dGqfnodf k7fpg];Ddsf] sfo{ o; ljefuaf6 ;DkGg ul/Psf] /pQm sfo{af6 ljkIfLsf] s'g} ;+j}wflgs Pjd\sfg"gL xs clwsf/df cf3ft gkg]{ x'Fbf ljkIfLsf]k|:tt' l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5, vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]tsf] ljB't ljsf; ljefusf tkm{af6o; cbfnt;dIf k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfns} 7"nf # j6fhnljB't kl/of]hgfx¿ qmdzM dflyNnf] s0ff{nLc?0f t ]; | f ] / a "9L u08sLnfO { BOOT

k|0ffnLcGtu{t sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu $% lbgsf];do lbP/ ldlt @)^#.(.# cyf{t\ !* l8;]Dj/@))^ df ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L kf/bzL{k|lqmof ckgfO{ k|:tfj cfJ5xfg u/]sf] / ;f]xLcfJxfgadf]lhd o; sDkgLn] klg dflyNnf] s0ff{nL/ c?0f t];|f] kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ OR5f/fvL ef/ts} csf]{ sDkgL lh Pd cf/ OGk|mf:6«Sr/lnld6]8 / yfOn]08sf] sDkgL O6flnog yfO{8]enKfd]G6 sDkgL lnld6]8;Fu ;+o'Qmdf]rf{ -Consortium_ agfO{ k|:tfj k]z u/]sf]dfJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwg;ldltn] Pp6f k|:tfjsnfO{ Pp6f dfqkl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ lbg' egL lgb]{zg lbPsf]eGg] hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf] / ;f]xL d'tfljshn;|f]t dGqfno;+u jftf{ u/L k|rlnt P]gsfg"gsf] kl/lwleq /xL @$ hgj/L @))* df;xdltkqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/n]s'g} nufgL gu/L ;/sf/sf] k"0f+{ :jfldTjsf]lgsfo g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] ;+o'Qm pkqmdsDkgLdf @& k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj kfpg] /

g]kfn ;/sf/n] !@ k|ltzt ljB't ;d]t ljgfd"No kfpg] u/L ;dembf/L ePsf] 5 . g]kfnljB't k|flws/0fn] kl/of]hgfsf] nflu xfn;Ddu/]sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg ;d]tsf] nflu ? *s/f]8 k|fKt ug]{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfn /fhkqdfldlt @)^$.%.@$ df k|sflzt g]kfn ;/sf/hn;|f]t dGqfnosf] ;"rgf cg';f/ !)) b]lv%)) d]ufjf6sf] ;j]{If0f cg'dltkqsf] nflu;/sf/n] k|ltjif{ Psd'i6 ?= !) nfv ¿k}of;j]{If0f cg'dlt z'Ns lng kfpg]df ;xdltkqaf6;/sf/n] k|ltd]ufjf6 ?= ! nfvsf] b/n] hDdf? # s/f]8 lng kfpg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf]lxtdf x'g] u/L ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . kl/of]hgfaf6;/sf/n] /f]oN6L / ljB't lgof{tafkt lgof{ts/;d]t lng kfpg] ePsf]n] ljleGg afwf lj/f]wu/L kl/of]hgfnfO{ l9nf] ubf{ To;sf] k|ToIf3f6f g]kfn / ;d:t g]kfnLnfO{ x'G5 .

dflyNnf] s0ff{nL kl/of]hgfdf k|fs[lts;|f]tsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] xf] . :joF kfgL g} afF8kmf8ug]{ s'g} ;xdlt ePsf] 5}g, z'?b]lv cGTo;Dds0ff{nL gbLsf] kfgL g]kfns} ef}uf]lns If]q leq}/xG5 sDkgLn] s0ff{nL gbLdf afFw lgdf{0f u/Lw/ftnLo prgLrtf / s0ff{nL gbLsf] kfgLnfO{pkof]u u/L ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ / ;f] kfgLnfO{k'gM s0ff{nL gbLd} lkmtf{ k7fpg]5 . o;/LkfgLnfO{ pkof]u u/L ljB't pTkfbg kZrft;f]xL gbLd} lkmtf{ k7fOg] ePsf] / pTkflbtpmhf{ cyf{t ljB'tnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ ePsf]n]o:tf] laz'4 Joj;flos sfo{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t /;fwgsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf]cGt{b]lzo afF8kmfF8 ;d]t xf]Og . :jb]zLnufgLstf{ / ljb]zL nufgLstf{ jf ;+o'QmnufgLdf ljb]zL nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fP]g, @)$(, cGo k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL

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lghL nufgLsf] sDkgL btf{ u/L :yfkgf u/]sf]kl/of]hgfaf6 pTkflbt ljB't cGt/f{li6«o jhf/dflaqmL ug'{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t, ;fwgsf] afF8kmfF8 x'g;Sb}g . kl/of]hgf v8f ubf{ nfUg] nfut vr{tyf o;af6 pTkflbt j:t' laqmL ubf{ k|fKt x'g]d'gfkmfsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L To:tf] kl/of]hgf;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt lbg] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{pTkflbt ljB'tsf] s]xL lx:;f / d'gfkmfdf s]xLlx:;f lbg] sfo{nfO{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t,;fwgsf] afF8kmfF8xf] egL cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . o; cfof]hgfsf] nfluljB't pmhf{ jf zlQm pTkfbg ug{ :yfkgf x'g]pBf]u g]kfnleq} cjl:yt x'g] / hnljB'tpTkfbgdf pkof]u x'g] kfgL pmhf{ pTkfbgsf]sfo{sf nfuL k|of]usf qmddf ;b}j g]kfns}:jfldTjdf / g]kfns} e"efudf /xg]5 . g]kfnleqx'g] kfgLsf] pkof]uaf6 pTkfbg ePsf] ljB'tzlQmdfq ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g x'g] u/L ljb]zlgof{t x'g] / s]xL g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljgf d"NopknJw u/fOg] u/L ePsf] ;xdltnfO{ g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !%^ sf] k|of]hgsfnflu k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ ;lGw jf;Demf}tfsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ug{ ldNb}g .

lnlvthjfkm k|:t'tstf{, ef/tdf btf{ePsf] cljlR5Gg pQ/flwsf/jfnf :jzfl;t Pj+k"0f{tof lghLIf]qsf] sDkgL xf] . ;xdltkqdflghLIf]q tk{maf6 ef/tdf btf{ ePsf] lh=Pd=cf/=OghL{ ln lhPdcf/ OGk|mf:6«Sr/;{ lnld6]8 tyfyfONof08 l:yt O6flnog yfO{ 8]enKd]G6 klJnssDkgL lnld6]8 jLrsf] ;+o'Qmdf]rf{ PskIf /x]sf]5 . o;n] ef/t, yfONof08 jf cGo s'g} /fi6«nfO{k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 5}g / ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ klg5}g . o;n] cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfn;/sf/n] k|:tfj cfJxfg u/]cg'¿k kl/of]hgfsfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj k]z u/]sf] xf] .

s'g} b]zsf] sfg"g cGtu{t :yflkt x'g] jf ;f]b]z jf b]zx¿sf] sfg"gåf/f lgodg x'g] sDkgLsf]cGt{/fli6«o sfg"gL JolQmTj gx'g] ePsf]n] lghx¿;+nUg ;Demf}tf jf ;xdlt klg To:tf] d'n'ssf]:yfgLo sfg"gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg{ hfG5, o:fnfO{{;lGw jf ;lGwsf] ;dsIfdf /fVg ldNg] s'g}cjwf/0ff 5}g . lgj]bsn] ;xdltkqnfO{ ;Demf}tfgfdfs/0f u/L ab/ ug{ dfu ug'{ ePsf] 5 . t/;f]xL ;xdltkqsf kIfx¿ / ;xdltkq cGtu{tsfof{Gjog x'g] kl/of]hgfsf] nufgLstf{ tyflxtu|fxL kIf lh=Pd=cf/ OGk|mf:6«Sr/ lnld6]8/ O6flnog yfO{ 8]enKd]G6 klJns sDkgLlnld6]8nfO{ ljkIfL agfpg' ePsf] 5}g . pQm;xdltkqdf kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogstf{sf] ¿kdflnlvthjfkm k|:t'tstf{ sDkgL lh=Pd=cf/=OghL{ lnld6]8n] dfq} Psnf}6L lhDd]jf/L lnPsf]5}g . Psnf}6L d'gfkmfsf] xsbf/ klg xf]Og .leGg} sfg"gL x}l;ot / cl:tTj ePsf sDkgLx¿lh=Pd=cf/= OGk|mf:6«Sr/ lnld6]8 / O6flnogyfO{ 8]enKd]G6 klJns sDkgL lnld6]8 kl/of]hgfsfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Fo'Qm df]rf{sf cleGg cË x'g\ .ab/ x'g'kg]{ egL dfu u/]sf] ;xdltsf kIf tyflxtu|fxLnfO{ ljkIfL g} gjgfO{, ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sfg} gbLO{ ;xdltkq ab/ x'g ;Sb}g . ljkIfLagfpg'kg]{df ljkIfL gjgfO{ bfo/ u/]sf] l/6lgj]bg k|yd b[li6d} q'6Lk"0f{ e} vf/]hefuL 5 .

g]kfnsf] ljB't IfdtfnfO{ ljB'tlgsf;Lsf] dfWodaf6 dfq e/k'/ pkof]u ug{;lsG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] dflyNnf] s0ff{nLkl/of]hgfaf6 !@ k|ltzt ljB't lgMz'Ns k|fKtug]{ / ;/sf/n] rfx]df !) k|ltzt ljB't v/Lbug{ ;d]t kfpg]5 . BOOT cGtu{t :jfldTj/xg] cjwL ;dfKt ePkl5 ;f] kl/of]hgf;/sf/nfO{ lagf d"Nodf lkmtf{ x'g] g} 5 . s0ff{nL



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gbLnfO{ ;fRr} g} :yfgLo hgtfsf] hLjgsf]cfwf/ agfPg] xf] eg] o;sf] e/k'/ pkof]uug'{kb{5 . gbLsf] nfebfos pkof]u eg]s}hnljB't pTkfbg / ljB't lgsf;L xf] . pQmIf]q k"jf{wf/ / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0fn]lk5l8Psf] If]q ePsf] / kl/of]hgfn] :yfgLohgtfsf] hLjg:t/ a9fpg d2t k'¥ofpg] tyfkl/of]hgf :yn;Dd hfg cfpgsf] nfuL af6f]k'n nufotsf k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0f x'g] ePsf]n] o:fn]:yfgLo hgtfnfO{ ;'ljwf k'¥ofp5 . kl/of]hgfn]k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf :yfgLo :t/df w]/}/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ klg k|bfg ub{5 . ljB't P]g,lgod tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, lgodn]hnljB't kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu ljB'tpTkfbg, ;j]{If0f, btf{, jftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍgug'{kg] { x'G5 . kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{jftfj/0fdf kg{ hfg] c;/nfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{sf]nflu cfjZos pkfox¿ cjnDag u/]/ dfqkl/of]hgfsf] lgdf{{0f ul/g] x'gfn] kl/of]hgfsfof{Gjogsf] k'jf{j:yfdf jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjsf]d"NofÍg ug'{cufl8 g} jftfj/0f k|efj k5{ xf]nfegL kl/of]hgf g} sfof{Gjog ug{af6 al~rtug{ vf]Hg' ;d:t s0ff{nL If]q dfq xf]Og ;Dk"0f{g]kfns} lxtdf xF'b}g . dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB'tkl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu hn;|f]tdGqfno / lnlvt hjfkm k|:t'tstf{ ;d]tsf];+o'Qm df]rf{sf] aLrdf ePsf] @$ hgj/L @))*sf] ;xdltn] ljkIfLx¿sf] s'g} df}lns xs jfsfg"gL xssf] xgg\ gu/]sf], xgg\ x'g ;Sg]cj:yf klg gePsf], ;f] ;xdlt g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^ cGtu{t Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg'kg]{ k|s[ltsf] ;lGw jf;Demf}tf gePsf], ljkIfLx¿n] p7fPsf] ljifoj:t's'g} ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfb ;dfj]z

ePsf] ;j}wflgs jf sfg"gL k|Zg gePsf]n]lgj]bsx¿sf] dfu bfjLadf]lhd s'g} cfb]z hf/Lx'g'kg]{ cj:yf gx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]tsf] ljkIfL GMR Energy Limited India

sf tk{maf6 o; cbfnt;dIf k]z ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

dflyNnf] s0ff{nL nufotsf hnljB'tcfof]hgfx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL;DefJo ;a} OR5's lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs If]qsfk|j4{sx¿af6 k|:tfj dfu u/L k/]sf k|:tfjx¿sf]sfo{bnåf/f d"NofÍg u/L ;jf]{Qd cÍ k|fKt ug]{k|jw{s;+u g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ul7t jftf{;ldltaf6 jftf{ eO{ l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPadf]lhdg]kfn ;/sf/ / GMR LTD Consortium India

aLr k|:t't cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ ;dembf/L;DkGg ePsf] x'Fbf ckf/bzL{ 9+un] s;}nfO{yfxf hfgsf/L gbLPsf] eGg] l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf]egfO{ em"7f xf] . ljB't u[xaf6 ljB't pTkfbgkZrft kfgL ;f]xL gbLdf g} ldl;O{ cGo k|of]hgsf]nflu k|of]u x'g ;Sg] g} ePsf], jUg] kfgLdfh'g;'s} k]zf tyf /f]huf/L ug{ /f]s gnufOPsf]n]k]zf tyf /f]huf/sf] xs, :jtGqtfsf] xs, ;DklQdflysf] xsdf vnn k'Ug] eGg] k|Zg g} p7\b}g .cfof]hgfaf6 hgtfnfO{{ kg{ ;Sg] c;/sf] klxrfg/ ;dfwfgsf] pkfo EIA sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]vx'g] s'/f xf] / o; cfof]hgfsf] jf/]df eP u/]sfsfo{x¿ lj1lKt dfk{mt hfgsf/L u/fPsf] tyf;dembf/Lkq j]e;fO6 www.mowr.gov.np df;dfj]z u/L hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] xsnfO{ :yflktul/Psf] 5 . k|:t't cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{k|of;df dfly ;DkGg ePsf] ;dembf/L klxnf]ge} o; cl3 Delta Pacific Consortium (PTE _Ltd l;+ufk'/ ;+u klg cfof]hgf ljsf;sf k|of;:j¿k ;dembf/Lkqx¿df x:tfIf/ x'g] sfd

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• ljjflbt cfof]hgf ;'v]{t tyf sflnsf]6lhNnfdf /xg] / oL l/6 lgj]bsx¿ pQmIf]qsf jfl;Gbfx¿ ePsf sf/0f o;cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿df rf;f]lnO{ ;Ddflgt cbfnt;dIf pkl:yt x'g]clwsf/ l/6 lgj]bsx¿nfO{ 5 .

• k|:t't ljjfb s0ff{nL If]qsf] cv08tfsf]dfq k|Zg geO{ o; cfof]hgfsf] sf/0faf6kg{ ;Sg] c;/ ;a} g]kfnLx¿nfO{ x'g]ePsfn] k|:t't ljjfb ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf]ljjfb xf] .

• g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljkIfL sDkgLaLr ePsf];Demf }tf Joj:yflksf ; +;b;dIfcg'df]bgsf nflu k]z ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgsk|fjwfgljk/Lt g]kfn ;/sf/ hn;|f]tdGqfnoaf6 ldlt @)^$.!).!) df lj1lKt

lgsfnL hn;|f]t dGqfno / ljkIfL GMR

LTD Consortium India aLr ;Demf}tf ePsf]eGg] hfgsf/L lbPsf] sfo{ u}/;+j}wflgstyf sfg"gljk/Lt ;d]t 5 . lgj]bsx¿cfof]hgf :ynsf lgjf;Lx¿ x'g\ .

• ;/sf/n] oL lgj]bsx¿sf lj?4 ug]{ h'g;'s}k|sf/sf ;Demf}tf ;DkGg ubf{ lgj]bsx¿sf];xdlt lng' clgjfo{ x'G5 . cfof]hgfkl5gbLdf kfgL ld;fpg] / ;f] kfgLdf cfjZosk ]zf Joj;fo rnfpg ] clwsf/lgj]bsx¿nfO{ 5 eGb}df lgj]bsx¿sf];/f]sf/ /xg] ljifodf lghx¿sf] ;xdltcfjZos kb}{g egL g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljkIfLsDkgLx¿;Fu hyfeflj ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg]clwsf/ 5}g .

• hn;|f]t k|fs[lts ;|f]t xf] / o:tf] ;|f]tsf]af/]df h'g;'s} sDkgLx¿;Fu jf cfof]hgf;~rfng ug]{ lgsfox¿;Fu ul/g] ;Demf}tfcfkm"v'; ug{ kfpg] xf]Og .

• g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!%^ n] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 pkof]unufotsf ljifodf ;Demf }tf ubf {Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg ug'{kg]{:ki6 ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

• s0ff{nL gbL ;Ldf gbL gx'gfn] o;sf] pkof]uug'{ afF8kmfF8 u/]sf] 7xb}{g eGg] ljkIfLx¿sf]egfO{ ts{o'Qm 5}g . ;Ldf gbLsf] ;DaGwdf;DalGwt d'n'sx¿sf] cfwfcfwf xs nfUg]x'G5 . g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t pkof]u u/]/pTkfbg x'g] lah'nL ef/t lgsf;L x'g]x'Fbfof] ;Demf}tf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^sf] pkwf/f @ sf] v08 -3_ df jl0f{tk|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf]afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwL ljifo ePaf6 To:tf]



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ljifodf ;+;bLo cg'df]bg cfjZos x'gfn]g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljkIfL lh=Pd=cf/=sDkgLaLr ePsf] ;dembf/Lkq Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 :jLs[lt, ;dy{g jf cg'df]bgug'{ u/fpg' kg]{df ;f] gu/L s/f/Lo k|s[ltsf]ljjfb egL ;+;bLo cg'df]bg k|lqmofnfO{5nL ;xdlt u/L ;dembf/L kqdf x:tfIf/ePaf6 dfuadf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljkIfLlh=Pd=cf/=sDkgLaLr ;DkGg pQmb:tfj]h Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6 :jLs[lt,;dy{g jf cg'df]bg ug'{ u/fpg' egL ljkIfLg]kfn ;/sf/ ;d]tsf gfpFdf cfb]z hf/Lx'g'k5{ .

g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L o'j/fh ;'j]bLn] ax; k|:t'tug'{ eof] . lgh ;xGofoflwjQmfn] ug'{ ePsf]ax;sf a'Fbfx¿ lgDgadf]lhd 5g\M

• lgj]bsn] p7fpg' ePsf] ljifo k|fs[lts;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwL ljifo xf]Og . g]kfn;/sf/ / ljkIfL lh=Pd=cf/=sDkgLaLrljB't pTkfbg ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf];Demf}tfnfO{ ;lGwsf] ¿kdf JofVof ug'{kg]{cj:yf 5}g .

• Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwg;ldltn] lgb]{z u/]adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n]dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{sfnflu g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu lh=Pd=cf/= sDkgLlnld6]8 ;d]t ;+nUg ePsf] sG;f]{l6odn]jftf{ u/L ldlt @)^$.!).!) df ;xdltkqu/]sf] / ;f] ;xdltkqdf cfof]hgfsfof{Gjog ubf{ nfUg] ;a} vr{sf] aGbf]j:tsG;f] {l6odn] ug' {kg] { / g]kfn ljB't

k|flws/0fnfO{ lagf nufgL cfof]hgfsf] @&k|ltzt z]o/ lbg'kg]{ /f]oN6L / ljB't lgsf;Ls/sf] cltl/Qm cfof]hgfaf6 pTkflbtljB'tsf] !@ k|ltzt ljB't ;/sf/nfO{lagfd"No pknAw u/fpg] h:tf k|fjwfgx¿n]lgj]bsx¿n] l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fPsf] h:tf]g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ gf]S;fg x'g] cj:yfb]lvFb}g .

• ljB't pTkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt kl/of]hgfsfof{Gjogsf] ljifo k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]afF8kmfF8;DaGwL ljifo gePaf6 Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{ cj:yf 5}gt;y{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm .

ljkIfL lh=Pd=cf/ sDkgLsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf ;'zLn kGttyf clwjQmfx¿ qmdzM clgns'df/ l;Gxf,lzjk|;fb l/hfn, dx]zs'df/ yfkf, cd/lhjLl3ld/]n] ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] . pxfFx¿n] ug'{ePsf]ax; lhsL/ lgDgadf]lhd 5M

• s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] k|fb]lzs cv08tf of]cfof]hgfsf] sf/0fn] sxLF klg cj?4 x'g]l:ylt 5}g . a? o; cfof]hgfn] ljsf;sf]k"jf{wf/ v8f eO{ ;f] If]qdf ax'd'vL ljsf;sf]åf/ v'Ng cfpF5 .

• lgj]bsx¿ k|:t't cfof]hgf;Fu k|efljtJolQmx¿ xf]Ogg\ . sf7df8f}+df j;f]jf; s]lGb|tJolQmx¿n] :yfgLo :t/sf] kl/of]hgfsf] cj/f]wug]{ lx;fjn] dfq k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{cfPsf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsx¿n] ;d:ofx¿dfqlnP/ cbfnt cfpg'sf] ;§f ;dfwfgsf] pkfoklg k|:t't ug'{ cbfntsf] nflu ;xof]ux'G5 .

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• lgj]bsx¿ b'O{hgf dfq} :yfgLoaf;L ePsf]n]b'O{hgfn] dfq} To; If]qdf ;Dk"0f{ jfl;Gbfsf]k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] cy{ u/L k|:t'tlgj]bgnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbsf]¿kdf u|x0f ug'{ cf}lrTok"0f{ x'Fb}g .

• k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug]{ ljlQs} To;nfO{k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 eGg ;lsb}g .k|fs[tLs ;|f]tsf] pkof]usf] ljifo eGb}dfk|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8sf nflu ;+;bLo;dy{g rflxG5 eGg pko'Qm x'b}g .

• lh=Pd=cf/= sDkgL ef/tLo sDkgL ePklg;+o'Qm nufgLdf g]kfndf sDkgLsf] ¿kdfsfg"gadf]lhd btf{ ePkl5 To:tf] sDkgLnfO{g]kfnsf] sfg"gcg'¿k btf{ e} ;~rfng ePsf]g]kfnL sDkgL dflgG5 . k|:t't cfof]hgfg]kfnL xf], ljb]zL cfof]hgf xf]Og . g]kfnLcfof]hgfnfO{ g]kfnL sDkgLn] sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg] x'G5 . ljB'tn] /fli6«o ;Ldfgf kf/u/]df klg k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 u/]sf]eGg ldNb}g .

• o; sDkgLn] xfn;Dd cfof]hgfsf nflurfnL; s/f]8 ¿k}ofF vr{ ul/;s]sf] cj:yfePsf] / cfof]hgf:yndf e}/x]sf] cfof]hgfsf];~rfngsf] k|ult;d]tsf] b[ioaf6 ;d]t o;sDkgLsf] Ifdtfdf k|Zg p7fpg ;Sg] cj:yf5}g .

• lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] lgj]bgdf kl5 g]kfnnfO{rflxPsf] a]nf lah'nL gkfOg] xf]ls eGg]lrGtfn] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf]b]lvG5 . cfof]hgf ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 dfqTo:tf] ;d:of cfpg ;Sg] / ;f] ;d:ofpTkGg ePdf ;f] ;DaGwdf To:tf] ljifoToltv]/ }sf ] cj:yfdf p7fg ug] { xslgj]bsnfO{ ;'/lIft g} 5 . lgj]bsx¿n] b"/

eljiosf] lrGtf clxn] g} p7fOxfNg'kg]{cfjZostf 5}g .

• cfof]hgf:yn Iflt k'Ug uPdf To:tf]cfof]hgfaf6 k|efljt JolQmnfO{ slt Ifltk"lt{lbg'k5{ jf kb}{g eGg] s'/f k|:t't d'2faf6af]lng] s'/f geO{ c;/ k/]sf] a]nfdf pko'Qmpkrf/ vf]Hg ;DalGwt JolQm :jtGq /xg]cj:yf ;'/lIft g} 5 .

• l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf] ljjfb Gofloslg¿k0fsf] ljjfb geO{ s/f/Lo k|s[ltsf] ljifoePsf] / To:tf] ljifodf ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLk|Zg gx'g] x'gfn] k|:t't ljifo Goflosk'g/fjnf]sgsf] ljifo x'g ;Sb}g . g]kfn;/sf/ / lh=Pd=cf/= OghL{ sDkgLaLr ePsf];xdltkq sfg"g;Ddt\ / ;/sf/sf] hnljB'tljsf; gLlt, @)%* ;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .o;sf/0f k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsx¿nfO{;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo egL k|:t't l/6lgj]bg bfo/ ug]{ xsb}of 5}g .

• g]kfn ;/sf/ / xfd|f] kIf lh=Pd=cf/=sDkgL aLr ePsf] ;xdltkq ;lGw xf]Og /;f] ;xdltkqnfO{ ;lGwsf] gfdfs/0f u/L;+;baf6 cg'df]bg ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5}g .;xdltkq ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^ n] af]n]sf]h:tf] ;Demf}tf klg xf]Og . k|:t't ljjfbk|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8sf] k|Zg gePsf]x'Fbf To:tf] ljifodf ;+;bLo cg'df]bg ug'{kg]{Joj:yf 5}g . kfgL k|fs[lts ljifo gePsf];DaGwdf /fdrGb| r6f}t ;d]t lj?4 g]kfn;/sf/ k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bgdf o; ;DaGwdfJofVof;d]t eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;lgj]bgdf sG;f]l6{oddWo]sf c? b'O{j6fsDkgLx¿nfO{ ljkIfL g} gagfOPsf] Pj+



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lgj]bsn] pNn]v u/]h:tf] k|:t't ljifo k|fs[lts;|f]t jf o;sf] pkof]usf] afF8kmfF8sf]k|Zg;DaGwL ljifo g} xf]Og t;y{ l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g'kb{5 .

To:t} ljkIfL g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsftkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L ;'zLnlaqmdyfkfn] cfˆgf] ax; k|f/De ub}{ dflyNnf] s0ff{nLcfof]hgf ;jf{lws pko'Qm plrt / cfjZoscfof]hgfsf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/n];f] cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf lh=Pd=cf/=sDkgL;lxtsf] sG;f]l6od;Fu ;Demf}tfkq u/]sf]xf] . ljB't P]g, @)$( tyf ljB't lgodfjnL,@)%) sf] cwLgdf /xL :jb]zL Pj+ ljb]zLk|j4{sx¿af6 k|:tfa dfu u/L v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{u/fO{ dflyNnf] s0ff{nL gbLaf6 ljB't pTkfbgug]{ u/L lh=Pd=cf/= sDkgL sG;f]l6{od;FuePsf] ;dembf/Lkq ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg'kg]{k|s[ltsf] ;d]t gePsf] / pQm ;dembf/Lkqn]lgj]bsx¿ nufot s;}sf] sfg"gL, ;+j}wflgsPj+ df}lns xsdf c;/ gk/]sf]n] lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhd l/6 hf/L x'g'kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . l/6lgj]bg vf/]h u/LkfpFm egL ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

kIf ljkIfsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgsfg"g Joj;foL tyf ;xGofoflwjQmfsf] ax;;d]t;'gL b'a} tkm{af6 k]z x'g cfPsf] lnlvt ax;gf]6;d]t cWoog u/L cfh lg0f{o ;'gfpg tf/]vtf]lsPsf] / lg0f{o ;'gfpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg k]z ePsf]df k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg /;f];Fu ;DalGwt ldl;n ;lxtsf ax;gf]6nufotsf sfuhftx¿ cWoog ul/of] .

cj lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] xf] xf]Og ;f] tkm{ lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ eO{lg0f{o tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, lgj]bsn] k|:t't l/6

lgj]bgdf d"ntM dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgfk"0f{¿kn] s0ff{nL k|b]zdf /x]sf]df ;f] If]qsf:yfgLo jfl;Gbfnufotsf Toxf Fsf cfdgful/sx¿sf] k|ToIf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf]dfToxfFsf] :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ lj:t[t ;"rgf lbg]pgLx¿sf] ;xdlt / :jLs[lt lng], /fo ;'emfjlngsf nfuL 5nkmn tyf ;Dafb rnfpg] /lg0f {o k|lqmofdf :yfgLojf;Lsf] cy{k"0f {;xeflutf u/fpg' kg]{df ljkIfLx¿n] ;f]adf]lhdsf s'g} lsl;dsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{qmdx¿;~rfng ;d]t gu/L tyf pQm GMR LTD

Consortium India n] g]kfnnfO{ ljB't laqmL ubf{k|lt o"lg6 s] slt ltg'{kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] af/]df;d]t pNn]v gePaf6 g]kfnL hgtfn] pQmIf]qsf] ljB't cGt/fli6«o ahf/df kfpg] b//]6eGbf dx+uf] b/df ljB't v/Lb ug'{kg]{ k|an;Defjgf /x]sf] tyf dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf;a} g]kfnLsf] ;femf k|fs[lts ;DklQ ePsf],o;sf ] a f F8km f F8sf ;DaGwdf ePsf;Demf}tfx¿sf] cg'df]bg jt{dfg cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f -!_-@_ 3 -#_ adf]lhd x'g'kg]{df ljkIfLx¿n] u/]sf]slyt ;Demf}tfn] ;+ljwfgdf Jojl:yt ePsf]plNnlvt wf/fsf ] jlv{nfk x 'g uPsf ] ,;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f -!_,-@3_ / -#_ adf]lhd k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf]afF8kmf8;DaGwL ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf cg'df]bg,;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf]b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ug'{kg]{ zt{ /flvPsf] / ;f];lGw jf ;Demf}tf ;f]xL wf/fadf]lhd cg'df]bg,;lDdng :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g geP;Dd g]kfn;/sf/ jf g]kfn /fHosf] xsdf nfu' ePsf]dflgg] 5}g eGg] pNn]v ePsf]df ;f] adf]lhd

433433433433433

gu/L ;f] k|lqmofnfO{ 5nL lghL s/f/ -Private

Contract_ sf] dfWodn] lgdf{0f ug] { egL;+ljwfgsf];d]t pk]Iff u/L ljkIfL hn;|f]tdGqfnon] Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;dIf k]z u/LpQm ;Demf}tfnfO{ cg'df]bg;d]t gu/Lsg}ljkIfLx¿n] s0ff{nL /fHosf] k|fb]lzs cv08tfdf;d]t k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf]tkm {af6 hn;|f ]t dGqfno / GMR ITD

Consortium India aLr ;Demf}tf ePsf] x'FbfpQm ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ePsf] v08df lgj]bsnufot ;f/f g]kfnLx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf]] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# åf/f k|bQ ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLxsdf k|ToIf cf3ft kfg]{ ePsf]n] g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_adf ] lhd pTk | ] i f0fo 'Qm k/dfb ]znufotljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cf1fjf k"lh{ hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/f pNn]vu/L k|:t't ljjfb ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ¿kdfpNn]v u/L o; cbfnt;dIf k|j]z u/]sf]b]lvof] .

ljkIfLx¿sf] lnlvt hjfkm x]bf{ s'g}JolQm, ;+u7g jf ;+:yfn] ljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f,pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] nflu ljB't P]g,@)$( sf ] bkmf $ n] lgwf {/0f u/ ]sf ]Joj:yfadf]lhd cg'dltkq k|fKt u/L ljB'tsf];j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] sfo{ ug{;Sg] / oxL Joj:yfadf]lhd xfn;Dd b]zsf]ljleGg efudf ljB'tsf] ;j]{If0f, pTkfbg, k|;f/0fjf ljt/0fsf] sfo{ljlw eO{ g} /x]sf tyf ;f]xLP]gsf] bkmf @@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ n] ljB'tpTkfbgsf] nflu cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmn] cfkm"n]pTkfbg u/]sf] ljB't ljb]zdf lgof{t ug{ rfx]df;f] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu ;Demf}tf u/Llgof{t ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf], To;/L ljB't

lgof{t ug]{n] ;/sf/nfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhd lgof{ts/ ltg'{kg]{ Joj:yf;d]t ePsf], ljwflosfaf6kfl/t P]gsf sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿nfO{ l/6 lgj]bsn]pk]Iff ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . l/6 lgj]bsn] ;f]P]gsf Joj:yfnfO{ r'gf}tL g} gbLO{ P]g adf]lhdeP u/]sf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ l/6lgj]bg lbPsf], k|:t't P]g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf]5 eGg] bfjL glnO{ ;f] P]g cGtu{tsf sfd,sf/jfxL ;+ljwfg ;Ddt gePsf] egL ljkIfLn]lnPsf] lhsL/ lg/y{s 5 . dflyNnf] s0ff{nLhnljB't cfof]hgf ;DaGwdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfg]kfn ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd kl/eflift ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf g]kfn;lGw sfg"gsf ;DaGwdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/df;DkGg ePsf ljleGg dxf;lGwdWo] ;lGw sfg"g;DaGwL ;g\ !(^( df ;DkGg leogf dxf;lGwsf]wf/f @=! sf] v08 -s_ / cGt/fli6«o ;+u7gx¿aLr jf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gaf6 lgodlt x'g] ljifoklg gePsf], s/f/ sfg"gaf6 lgoldt x'g] ;fdfGos/fl/o k|s[ltsf] lnvtnfO{ Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6cg'df]bg x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# tyf k|rlnt sfg"gdf 5}g .ef/tsf] lh=Pd= cf/ PghL{ lnld6]8;Fu ;DkGgePsf] ;Demf}tf ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] cwLgdf/xL sfof{Gjog x'g;Sg] Joj:yf xf] . cg'dltk|fKt JolQmn] g]kfndf cfˆgf] Joj;fo ;~rfngu/L ;f] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd cg'dlt kqsf] cjlwe/ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ / To;/L pTkfbg ePsf]ljB't g]kfn sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|;f/0fnfOgdfkm{t\ ljt/0f ug]{, g]kfn sfg"gadf]lhdnfUg] s/, /f]oN6L / cGo b:t"/ cg'dlt k|fKtJolQmn] cg'dltkqsf] cjwLe/ a'emfO{ lghn]ljsf; u/]sf] cfof]hgf rfn' xfntdf g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . lghL If]qaf6



434434434434434

k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ubf{ ckgfpg]ljZjJofkL cEof;cg';f/ lgdf{0f, ;~rfng,:jfldTj tyf x:tfGt/0f -BOOT_ sf] dfGotfadf]lhd ;~rfng x'g] k|:tfljt cfof]hgfaf6d'n'ssf] k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;df j}b]lzsnufgLsf] pkof]u x'g] of] pko'Qm tl/sf ePsf]n];/sf/åf/f :jLs[t gLlt, k|rlnt sfg"g tyfo;cl3 lghL If]qaf6 o; k|sf/sf cfof]hgfsfof{Gjog eO g} ;s]sf] cg'ej ;d]tnfO{ pkof]uu/L k|:t't cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Demf}tfePsf] xf] . d'n'sdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f]t /;fwgsf] pkof]u / kl/rfng ubf{ /fi6«sf] j[xQ/lxtnfO{ WofgbLO{ ug'{kg]{ / ;f] hnljB'tcfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;f] P]g, tyf cGo k|rlntsfg"gsf] cwLgdf /x]/ sfof{Gjog x'g] g} x'Fbf l/6vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf] k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no tyf ;Dj4 cGoljkIfLx¿sf] lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/fdf pNn]vePsf] b]lvG5 .

To:t} ljkIfLdWo]sf lh=Pd=cf/= OhgL{lnld6]8sf] lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/f x]bf{ pQm lnlvthjfkmdf vf;u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} nufgLgu/L ;/sf/sf] k"0f+{ :jfldTjsf] lgsfo g]kfnljB't k|flws/0fn] ;+o'Qm pkqmd sDkgLdf @&k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj kfpg] / g]kfn ;/sf/n]!@ k|ltzt ljB't;d]t ljgf d"No kfpg] u/L;dembf/L ePsf], g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn]kl/of]hgfsf] nflu xfn;Dd u/]sf] cWoog,cg';Gwfg ;d]tsf] nflu ? * s/f]8 k|fKt ug]{ePsf] g]kfn /fhkqdf ldlt @)^$.%.@$ dfk|sflzt g]kfn ;/sf/ hn;|f]t dGqfnosf];"rgfcg';f/ !)) b]lv %)) d]ufjf6sf] ;j]{If0fcg'dltkqsf] nflu ;/sf/n] k|ltjif{ Psd'i6 ?!) nfv ¿k}of ;j]{If0f cg'dlt z'Ns lng

kfpg]df ;xdltkqaf6 ;/sf/n] k|lt d]ufjf6? ! nfvsf] b/n] hDdf ? # s/f]8 lng kfpg]u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lxtdf x'g] u/L ;xdltePsf] / ;f] kl/of]hgfaf6 ;/sf/n] /f]oN6L /ljB't lgof{tafkt lgof{t s/ ;d]t lng kfpg]ePsf]n] ljleGg jfwf lj/f]w u/L kl/of]hgfnfO{l9nf] ubf{ To;sf] k|ToIf 3f6f g]kfn / ;d:tg]kfnLnfO{ x'G5 eGg] ;d]tsf] Joxf]/f pNn]vu/L s/f/Lo k|s[ltsf] ljifodf lgj]bsnfO{ k|:t'tljjfbnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo gfdfs/0fu/L cbfnt;dIf pkl:yt x'g xsflwsf/;d]tgePsf] eGg] k|ltjfb u/L lnlvt hjfkm tyfpQm sDkgLsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg sfg"gJoj;foLsf] ax; lhsL/ tyf k|:t't ax;gf]6sf]Joxf]/faf6 ;d]t cleJoQm ePsf] b]lvG5 .

lgj]bsx¿sf] l/6 lgj]bg Joxf]/f tyfljkIfL k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no,ljkIf LdWo ]sf g ]kfn ;/sf/ cy {dGqfnonufotsf lgsfo tyf lh=Pd=cf/= OhgL{lnld6]8 ;d]tsf ljkIfLsf tkm{af6 k]z ePsf]lnlvt hjfkm , ax; lhsL/ tyfpk/f]Qmadf]lhdsf cf–cfˆgf bfjL tyf k|ltjfblhsL/ /x]sf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf d"ntM lgDgk|Zgx¿df l;dLt /xL ljjfbsf] lgisif{df k'Ugk/]sf] 5M

§ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsx¿nfO{ g]kfn;/sf/ / ljkIfL GMR LTD Consortium India

aLr ;DkGg ;dembf/Lkqsf] ljifonfO{;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo egL k|:t't l/6lgj]bg lnP/ o; cbfnt;dIf pkl:yt x'g]xsb}of 5 jf 5}g <§ l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fPsf]

ljifo g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

435435435435435

wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ -@3_ -#_ adf]lhdJoj:yflksf ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{xf] xf]Og <§ lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{

cj:yf ljBdfg 5 5}g <

@= ca oL l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] g]kfn ;/sf// ljkIfL GMR LTD Consortium India aLr ;DkGg;dembf/Lkqdf ;lGgxLt ljifo ;fj{hlgs;/f]sf/sf] ljifo egL dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB'tcfof]hgf g]kfnLx¿sf] k|fs[lts ;DklQ ePsf]tyf ;f] cfof]hgf uDeL/ /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf]ljifo ePsf] / o:tf] ljifodf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!%^ sf] pkwf/f -!_, -@3_ / -#_ adf]lhdk|fs[ lts ;|f ]t tyf To;sf ] pkof ]usf ]afF8kmfF8;DaGwL ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg,;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf]b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ug'{kg]{ zt{ /flvPsf]df ;f]k|lqmofnfO{ 5nL lghL s/f/sf] dfWodn] lgdf{0fug]{ egL ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf] pk]Iff u/L ljkIfLhn;|f]t dGqfnon] Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;dIfk]z u/L pQm ;Demf}tfnfO{ cg'df]bg ;d]tgul/sg} s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] cv08tfdf ;d]t c;/kg]{u/L ljkIfL hn;|f]t dGqfno tyf lh=Pd=cf/=OghL{ sDkgL lnld6]8;Fu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfn];Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] xs / ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ePsf]n]pQm ;Demf}tf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿nfO{ lnP/pQm ljifox¿ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf]eGg] lhsL/ lnO{ oL l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] k|:t'tljjfbnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfb 7fgLo; cbfnt;dIf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ cGtu{tsf] c;fwf/0fclwsf/If]q adf]lhd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/

u/]sf] / ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ¿kdf k|:t'tljjfb o; cbfnt;dIf pkl:yt u/fPsf] eGg]lgj]bg Joxf]/faf6 b]lvG5 .

#= ;j{k|yd klxnf] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{lgj]bsx¿n] ljkIfLdWo]sf dGqfnon] lgsfn]sf]k|]; lj1lKt cg';f/ @)^$.!).!) ut] g]kfn;/sf/ / GMR LTD Consortium India sf aLrdf;Demf}tf ePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L ;f];DaGwdf ePsf] tYo yfxf kfpg ljkIfLx¿;Fu;"rgf dfu ubf{ ;f]sf] ;"rgf lbg OGsf/ u/]sf],kqklqsfdfkm{t\ k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ;"rgf adf]lhd;/sf/ / ljkIfL sDkgLaLr ;DkGg ePsf];dembf/Lkq ;Demf}tfn] g]kfnsf] dflyNnf]s0ff{nLaf;Lsf] hLjg cfwf/nfO{ c;/ ug]{ tyflgj]bsx¿ :yfgLoaf;L ePaf6 dflyNnf] s0ff{nLhnljB't cfof]hgf /fi6«k|]dL, ljsf;k|]dL tyfg]kfnsf] ljsf; rfxg] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf]k|fs[lts ;DklQ eO{ o:tf] ljifo /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf]ljifo ePaf6 cfkm"x¿n] pQm cfof]hgfsf;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljkIfL GMR LTD

Consortium India ljifodf k|Zg lnO{ pkl:ytx'g] clwsf/ ;lGgxLt 5 egL k|:t't ljjfbnfO{;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbsf ¿kdf lrlqtu/L bfjL lnPsf] b]lvG5 . ljkIfL sDkgL ;d]tsf]lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/faf6 klg tyf lghsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿ ;d]tn] cfˆgf]ax;, lhsL/df lgj]bsnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ /sDkgLaLr ePsf] s/fl/o k|s[ltsf] ljifo ePsf]tyf k|:t't ljjfbdf ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLk|Zg ;lGgxLt gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ lnP/cbfnt;dIf pkl:yt x'g] xsb}of gePsf] egLcfkQLsf] j'Fbf agfPsf] b]lvG5 .

$= lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] lgj]bgdf vf;u/L g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB't



436436436436436

kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu hn;|f]tdGqfno tyf GMR sDkgLaLr ;g\ @$hgj/L, @))* sf] ;xdlt ePsf] To:tf];Demf}tf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePaf6g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!%^-@_ adf]lhd ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg'kg]{ljifo g} dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf Pj+ g]kfnLsf];femf k|fs[lts ;DklQ ePsf] / o;sf] pkof]ujf afF8kmfF8sf ;DaGwdf ePsf ;Demf}tfx¿sf]cg'df ]bg ;+ljwfgadf]lhd x'g'kg] {df ;f]gul/Paf6 ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] dfWodaf6k|:t't ljjfb lnO{ o; cbfnt;dIf pkl:ytePsf] b]lvof] .

%= ljjflbt cfof]hgf lgtfGt lghLJofkf/Ls If]qsf] lgodLt sf/f]jf/cGtu{tsf];~rflnt cfof]hgf ge} /fi6«sf] ;fj{ef}dclwsf/ cGtu{tsf] tyf hgtfn] pkof]uul//x]sf] jftfj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo ;d]t;lGgxLt u:/x]sf] o:tf] k|Zgdf hg;/f]sf/5}g egL cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . j:t'tM lgj]bsn]k||:t't lgj]bgdf dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf;Fu;DalGwt ljifodf ;Demf}tf -;dembf/Lkq_ df;lGgxLt ljifon] To; cfof]hgfåf/f pTkfbgx'g] ljB'tsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf ;f] cfof]hgfaf6k|fKt x'g] elgPsf] cfof]hgfaf6 pTkfbg x'g]ljB'tsf] afF8kmf8 tyf cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwtcGo kIfn] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxtdf k|ToIfc;/ kg]{ eGg] k|Zg ;d]t p7fO{ k|:t't dfubfjLnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ¿kdf pNn]vu/L ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L pkrf/sf] nflu k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvG5 .

^= lgj]bsn] o; cbfntdf vf; u/LkfgL, kfgLsf] pkof]u tyf kfgLsf] pTkfbg;Fu;DalGwt ljB't pmhf{sf] ljifonfO{ ;d]t p7fg

u/]sf] kfOG5 . kfgL dfgjhLjgsf] nflu geOgx'g] Ps k|fs[lts j:t' xf] o;sf] pkof]uafF8kmfF8 tyf cGo Joj:yfkgsf h'g;'s}ljifonfO{ k|fs[lts j:t'sf] pkof]u;Fu ;DalGwt/x]sf] dfGg'kg] { x'G5 . kfgL;Fu ;DalGwtljifonfO{ lnP/ dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgf;~rfng x'g] :yfgLo :t/s} JolQmx¿n];fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo 7fgL cbfnt;dIfpkl:yt x'g'nfO{ cGoyf egL cy{ ug{ ldNb}g .g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljkIfL sDkgLsf aLr ;DkGgePsf] ;dembf/L kqsf cfwf/df dflyNnf]s0ff{nL If]qdf ;~rfng x'g] To:tf] cfof]hgfn]lgM;Gb]x pQm If]qsf hgtfsf] hghLjgdf ;d]tk|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ x'G5 . To;df klg ljB'tpTkfbg ug] { u/L pTkfbgd'vL cfof]hgf;~rfng x'g] To:tf 7"nf cfof]hgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f;~rfng nufotsf k|lqmofsf] lg0f{o ubf{ To;If]qsf hgtfsf] hghLjgdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/k|efj tyf k}bf x'g;Sg] pbfl;gtf, s'07f,k|ltzf]w h:tf kIfx¿nfO{ dgg\ ug'{ klg plQs}cfjZos x'G5 . lgj]bgdf plNnlvt ljifob]zsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ hnljB't cfof]hgf;Fu;DalGwt ljifo ePsf], o;df lglxt x'g] nfutvr{ tyf o;n] l;h{gf ug]{ ljleGg lsl;dsfcj;/ / r'gf}tLx¿sf ljifon] ljleGg lsl;dsf:jfy{x¿ l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] x'G5 g} . o:tf]cj:yfdf o:tf 7"nf k|s[ltsf cfof]hgfn] To;If]qsf hgtfsf] hghLjgdf kfg{ ;Sg] c;/tyf k|efjsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ h'g;'s} gful/sn]hg;fwf/0fsf] ;b:osf] gftfn] hg;fwf/0fdfkg{ ;Sg] c;/sf] vf]hL ug{ cbfntdf k|j]zug'{ :jfefljs e} k|:t't ljjfbdf lgj]bsx¿sf];fy{s ;DaGw / tflTjs ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .k|:t't ljjfbnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfb

437437437437437

xf]Og egL Goflos pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug]{lgj]bsx¿sf] k|of;nfO{ /f]Sg ldNg] b]lvPg .

&= ca bf];|f] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{,lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdf bfjL lnPsf] dflyNnf]s0ff{nL cfof]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ /ljkIfL GMR LTD Consortium India sDkgLsflardf ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] ljifoj:t' g]kfnsf];femf k|fs[lts ;DklQ ePsf] / o;sf]af F8kmf F8sf ;DaGwdf ePsf ;lGw jf;Demf}tfx¿sf] cg'df]bg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f -!_-@3_ / -#_ adf]lhd x'g'kg]{df ljkIfLx¿n]u/]sf] ;Demf}tfn] plNnlvt wf/fsf] alv{nfkePsf] tyf ;f] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ePdf;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLxsdf cf3ft k'Ug] d'Vo lhsL/ lnO{ g]kfn;/sf/ / pQm sDkgL aLrsf] ;Demf}tf / ;f];Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB'tcfof ]hgfsf] sfof {Gjog;DaGwL ljifosf;DaGwdf d'Vo cfkQL hgfPsf] b]lvof] .lnlvthjfkmstf{x¿n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsflgj]bsx¿nfO{ l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ ug]{ xs gePsf]egL xsb}of laxLg lhsL/ lnPsf] eP klglgj]bsx¿n] ljjflbt cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogk"j{g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!%^-@_ adf]lhd ;+;bsf] cg'df]bg cfjZos/x]sf] eGg] lhsL/ lnPsf] x'Fbf ;f] k|Zgsf]lg/fs/0f ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 .

*= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg,;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{gsf ;DaGwdfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^n] Joj:yf u/]sf] / pQm wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f-!_ df g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf x'g];lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt

jf ;dy{g sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 eGg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 eg]pQm wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f -@_ df pkwf/f -!_adf]lhd sfg"g agfpFbf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qmb]xfosf ljifosf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg,;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf]b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] ug'{kg]{ zt{ /flvg] 5 eGg]pNn]v eO{ lgDg ljifosf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf]cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{gJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{;b:ox¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfu/]sf] b]lvG5M

-s_ zflGt / d}qL,-v_ ;'/Iff Pj+ ;fdl/s ;DaGw-u_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;Ldfgf /-3_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf]

afF8kmfF8

(= t/ v08 -s_ / -3_ df plNnlvtljifosf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfdWo] /fi6«nfO{ JofksuDeL/ jf bL3{sflng c;/ gkg]{ ;fwf/0fk|s[ltsf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg''df]bg, ;lDdng,:jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] a}7sdfpkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] ;fwf/0f ax'dtaf6 x'g;Sg] 5 eGg] ;d]t :ki6 ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg/x]sf] b]lvG5 .

!)= ;+;bLo cg'df]bg cfjZos kg]{cj:yfx¿sf xsdf wf/f !%^ sf] Joj:yf x]bf{cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|:t't d'2fdf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^-@_ adf]lhd g]kfn/ s'g} ljb]zL /fHosf ;/sf/;Fu s'g} ;lGw



438438438438438

;Demf}tf u/]sf]n] jf ;f]sf] cg'df]bg ;lDdng:jLs[lt jf ;dy{g u/]sf] b]lvg cfpFb}g . dflyNnf]s0ff{nL hnljB't cfof]hgf g]kfn leq ;~rfngx'g] / g]kfndf s'g} klg e"–efu jf c? k|fs[lts;|f]tsf] jf/]df cGo s'g} d'n'snfO{ lbPsf] jfafF8kmfF8 ug{ d~h"/ u/]sf] eGg] b]lvGg . pQmcfof]hgfaf6 pTkfbg x'g] ljB't dfq}sf] jf/]dfg]kfn ;/sf/ / ljkIfL GMR LTD Consortium

India aLrdf ;xdlt ePsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] hn:f|f]t gLlt / k|:t'tcfof]hgfdf ePsf ;xdlt cg';f/ ljleGgzt{x¿ ;lxt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ljkIfLGMR LTD Consortium India sDkgLnfO{ cfof]hgf;~rfngsf] nflu :jLs[lt lbPsf] b]lvG5 /pTkflbt ljB't lgsf;Ld"ns agfpg] gLlt;d]tsfod /fv]sf] b]lvG5 .

!!= pQm cfof]hgf ;~rfng ;DaGwdfcGt{/fli6 «o :t/df k|:tfj cfAxfg u/Lcfof]hgfsf nflu k|fKt k|:tfjx¿ dWo]af6pko'Qm k|:tfj 5fgljg u/L 5gf}6 ul/Psf]tyf ;f]xL ;DaGwdf ljkIfL sDkgL;Fu pQm;xdlt ePsf]] kfOG5 . hnljB'tsf] If]qdfljsf; ug]{ o:tf lsl;dsf cfof]hgf :jefj}n]7"nf cfof]hgf eO{ k" FhL / ljz]if1tfsf]cfjZostfsf cfwf/df ljb]zL k"FhL cfslif{tug{ vf]lhPsf] x'Fbf g]kfnsf] k|rlnt sfg"g /gLltcGtu{t ul/Psf] ;xdltnfO{ k|f/Ded}u}/sfg"gL ;Demg ldNg] b]lvFb}g .

!@= s'g} cfof]hgf :jb]zL k"FhLaf6 ;/sf/cfkm}n] jf gLlh If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{df jf ljb]zL;/sf/ jf sDkgL;Fu ldn]/ 5'§f5'§} ¿kdf;~rfng ug]{ eGg] s'/f sfo{kflnsfn] b]zsf]cfjZostf, ;|f]tsf] ljBdfgtf cfof]hgf;~rfngsf] nfut / Joosf] cg'dfg, cfˆgf]

k|fljlws tyf zLksf] ljBdfg cj:yf, cfof]hgf;~rfngaf6 ljBdfg hf]lvd tyf cfof]hgfaf6k|fKt x'g] nfe Pj+ nufgLsf ;d:t kIfx¿nfO{ljrf/ u/L /fi6« / hgtfsf] lxtdf lg0f{o ul/g]s'/f xf] . s'g cfof]hgf s'g} vf; tl/sfaf6s;n] s;/L ;~rfng ug]{ u/L lhDdf lbg' k5{eGg] s'/f d"ntM Goflos tj/n] ljrf/ ug'{kg{]ljifo b]lvg cfpFb}g .

!#= k|:t't d'2fdf d"ntM g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^-@_ adf]lhdg]kfn / s'g} ljb]zL /fHo jf ;/sf/;Fu s'g};lGw, ;Demf}tf u/]sf] jf ;f]sf] cg'df]bg,;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g u/]sf] b]lvgcfpFb}g . b]zsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf]pkof]usf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ u/L s;};Fu s'g} ljb]zL/fHo jf ;/sf/;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] klg b]lvb}g .k|:t't cfof]hgf b'O{ b]z larsf] ;LdfIf]qsf]cfof]hgf klg b]lvb}g . k|:t't cfof]hgf g]kfnsf]s0ff{nL k|b]zsf]] pRr kxf8L efudf ;~rfngx'g] hnljB't cfof]hgf ePsf] / l/h/Ejfo/k|s[ltsf] cfof]hgf klg gb]lvPsf]n] kfgLsf];+sngaf6 x'g] hncfk"lt{sf] ljz]if Joj:yf x'g]k|s[ltsf] klg b]lvb}g .

!$= g]kfn /fHoleq ljB't s6f}tLsf];d:of /x]sf], ;:tf]df ljB't pTkfbg x'g] e}cfkm"n] ;:tf] pTkfbg ljb]zdf laqmL ug]{, clgcfkm"n] ljB't cfoft ubf{ dx+uf]df v/Lb ubf{dsf{kg]{, cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] /f]oN6L / g]kfnn]lgMz'Nsˆ: kfpg] ljh'nLsf] dfqf w]/} gePsf],cfof]hgf g]kfnn] g} ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ eGg] h:tfljljw sf/0fx¿ b]vfO{ lgj]bsx¿n] pQm cfof]hgflgsf;Ld"n's agfpg gx'g] / ljb]zL sDkgLnfO{;~rfng ug]{u/L ;Demf}tf ug{ gx'g] ts{ u/]sf]b]lvG5 .

439439439439439

!%= j:t'tM hnljB't ljsf;sf ];DaGwdf g]kfndf hnljB'tsf] ljsf;sf nflucfjZos cfof]hgfx¿sf] cfjZostf, tLcfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfex¿ clwstd agfpg,]g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ljB't cfk"lt{ u/fpg :yfgLo¿kdf g} cfof]hgf ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ s'/fx¿cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{ lx;fjn] dxTjk"0f{ / nfebfosx'g ;S5g . s'g cfof]hgf s;/L ;~rfng ug]{/ To;af6 k|fKt x'g] nfe / nfutsf] s'/fsf]cf}lrRo s] x'g] xf] eGg] s'/f /fHosf] / vf;u/L/fHosf] cËsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] sfo{kflnsfsf]pQ/bfloTjsf] ljifo xf] . lgj]bsx¿n] o;;DaGwL ;/f]sf/x¿ sfo{kflnsfsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdfcleJoQm ug{ vf]Hg' kg]{ s'/fx¿ x'G5g\ .

!^= ljB't cfof]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f, 5gf}6jf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL o:tf gLltut k|Zgx¿dfcbfntsf] vf; ;+nUgtf /xg] cj:yf /xb}g . s]s:tf cfof]hgfx¿ /fi6«sf nflu cfjZos x'g], tLcfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|rlntsfg"gdf s] s:tf Joj:yfx¿ sfod 5g\ / tLsfg"gL Joj:yfsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L /fi6« tyfhgtfsf] lxtsf nflu sfo{kflnsLo lgsfon]k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fi6«sf nflu cfjZosTo:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f, 5gf}6, ;~rfng,/]vb]v tyf lgodg ug]{ h:tf lgoldt sfo{kflnlsosfo{df ;fdfGo cj:yfdf cbfntn] x:tIf]k u/LTo:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f, ;~rfng tyf cGolgoldt k|lqmofdf cj?4 kfg{ ldNg] ;d]t x'b}g .;+ljwfg, P]g, sfg"g k|lts"n s'g} sfd u/L hgtfsf]df}lns Pj+ sfg"gL xs jf ;fj{hlgs xs lxtdfk|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ sfd ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq}cbfntn] ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ clwsf/If]q u|x0f ul/lg0f{o ug]{ ub{5 . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lgtfGt k|zf;lgsjf gLltut lg0f{ox¿sf] nflu ;/sf/ g} hgtfk|lt

lhDd]jf/ /xg] x'gfn] To; ;DaGwdf cbfntn]ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf /xFb}g .

!&= lgj]bsn] p7fPsf] k|:t't ljjfbdfdflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnljB't cfof]hgfdf kfgLsf]k|of]u e} ljB't pTkfbg x'g], ljB't pTkfbgkl5kfgLsf] hf] rflxg] ;Dk"0f{ k|of]u g]kfnn] ug{;Sg] b]lvG5 . ;f] l;nl;nfdf s'g} k|fs[lts;|f]t s;}nfO{ lbg'kg]{ klg b]lvFb}g . pTkflbtljB't ljb]zdf laqmL ubf{ ;f] ;Fu cGo k|fs[lts;|f]t klg ;Fu} laqmL x'g] eGg] klg b]lvb}g .

!*= k|:t't ljifodf laB't eg]sf]kfgL¿kL k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 ePsf] pTkfbg xf],hf] :jo+ k|fs[lts ;|f]t xf]Og . s'g} klg pTkflbtrLh, j:t' jf ;]jf h:t} ljB'tsf] Jofkf/ x'g;S5 / ;f] lgof{t klg ug{ ;lsG5 . sfg"gn]o:tf] sfo{ ug{ lgif]w u/]sf]df afx]s ;f] ug{gkfpg] eGg ldNb}g . ljB't :jo+nfO{ k|fs[lts;|f]t dfGg] xf] eg] e"ldaf6 pTkflbt cGg klgk|fs[lts ;|f]t dfGg' kg]{ / To;sf] lgsf;L klg/f]Sg'kg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 . Jofkfl/s gLltsf] xsdf/fHoåf/f cfjZostfcg';f/ lgof{tdf lgoGq0fug{ g;lsg] xf]Og t/, Tof] leGg ljifo x'G5 .k|:t't d'2fdf h:tf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !%^-@_ n] Joj:yf u/]sf] ;+j}wflgsk|fjwfgsf cfwf/df ;+;bLo cg'df]bg rflxg]ljifo To;df nfu" x'b}g .

!(= lgj]bsn] k|Zg p7fPsf] cfof]hgfsf];DaGwdf Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|fs[lts :f|f]t;ldltdf klg 5nkmn gePsf] b]lvFb}g . ToxfFPs eGbf j9L 7"nf cfof]hgf Pp6} sDkgLnfO{gbLg] gLlt ag]sf] klg b]lvG5 . wf/f !%^-@_adf]lhd ;+;bLo cg'df]bg rflxg] ePdf To;;DaGwdf To:tf] k|Zg Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf g}df}s}b]lv p7\g g;Sg] b]lvb}g . t/ To; ;DaGwdf



440440440440440

To; ljifon] s'g} :yfg kfPsf] b]lvb}g .Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|lqmof k"/f ug'{kg]{ ljifoePdf To:tf] k|lqmofdf k|j]z lbg] lbnfpg] /k|:tfj Nofpg] ;f]xL ;+;b jf ToxfFsf ;b:ox¿sf]xs Pj+ st{Jo aGb5 . lgj]bsx¿n] pQm k|lqmof;lqmo u/fpg]tkm{ Go"gtd s'g} k|of; u/]sf];d]t b]lvb}g . wf/f !%^ -@_ sf] ;+;bLo cg'df]bgrflxg] egL pQm Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] lhsL/lnO{ lnlvt hjfkm ;d]t k|fKt x'g cfPsf] klgb]lvb}g . o;/L Joj:yflksf ;+;b cGtu{tsf]k|lqmof ckgfpg'kg]{ jf cg'z/0f ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ kl/rfng ug{ Go"gtd klgk|of; gug]{ t/ ;f]xL ljifodf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf]gfddf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !%^ sf] k"jf{j:yfx¿ ljxLg ePsf] yfxfkfpFbf kfpFb} ;f] wf/fsf] k|of]u u/L cfof]hgfsf];~rfng cj/f]w ug]{ b[li6sf]0f lng'nfO{ dfq}klg :jLsfo{ dfGg ldn]g .

@)= ca l/6 lgj]bsx¿sf] dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ xf] xf]Og ;f]tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{,g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!%^cGtu{t s'g} s'/f k|fs[lts ;|f]t jf ;f] s'/fsf]afF8kmfF8 xf] jf xf]Og eGg] s'/f 6gsk'/ afFwsf]d'2fdf / To; kl5 /fdrGb| r6f}t lgj]bs ePsf]klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgf;DaGwL d'2fdfs/f/Lo ;Demf}tf b'O{ b]zaLrsf] jf ax'/fli6«ok|s[ltsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] afF8kmfF8;DaGwL;Demf}tf gePsf] / pQm Jofkfl/s ;Demf}tfaf6sDkgLnfO{ hnljB't pTkfbg ug]{ / laqmL ug]{u/L lglZrt zt{x¿ ;lxt vf; cjlwsf] nflucg'dlt;Dd lbOPsf] x'Fbf ;|f]t jf ltgsf] pkof]usf]afF8kmfF8 u/]sf] eGg gldNg] eGg] ;d]t l;4fGtk|ltkfbg eO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f !%^ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf] k|of]hgsf]

nflu Joj:yflksf ;+;b;dIf k|:t't ug'{kg]{ ;lGwjf ;Demf}tfsf] xsdf s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf/fi6«nfO{ Jofks, uDeL/ jf bL3{sflng c;/ kg]{vfnsf] xf] jf xf]Og egL lgSof}{n u/L clu|d¿kdf cbfntn] lgb]{lzt ug]{ geO{ cg'df]bgcfjZos x'g] cj:yfsf] ;lGw ;Demf}tfsf] xsdf;Demf}tf ug]{ /fHokIfn] g} cfˆgf] ;dLIff ;fy;+ljwfgadf]lhd k]z ug'{kg]{ u/L o; cbfntaf6lj;b\ rrf{ eO;s]sf] 5 .

@!= ;f]cg';f/ lgj]bsn] p7fPsf] k|:t'td'2fdf ;lGglxt dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgfsf];~rfngsf] nfuL cGt/fli6«o k|lt:kwf{ u/L5gf}6 u/L cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ljkIfLlh=Pd=cf/= OghL{ lnld6]8 gfds sDkgLnfO{cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ;~rfng ug{ lbg g]kfn ;/sf/;xdt ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgfdf ljleGg zt{x¿tf]lsPsf], #) jif {kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/dfcfof]hgfsf] :jfldTj lkmtf{ cfpg] b]lvPsf], ;f]cl3 cfof]hgfaf6 vf; dfqfdf /fhZj Pj+lgMz'Ns ljB't k|fKt x'g ;Sg] ;d]t b]lvPsf]5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf zt{x¿ ls6fg ubf{s'g} clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u ePsf] klg lgj]bssf]egfO{ 5}g . To:tf] k|Zg /x]sf] eP Tof] a]Un}9+un] ;Daf]wg x'g]] k|Zg x'Fbf k|:t't d'2f;Fu;DalGwt klg b]lvFb}g . g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ s'g}kIf;Fu hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwdfk|rlnt ljB't ;DaGwL P]g, lgod / gLltcGtu{tlg0f{o u/L s'g} cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;Demf}tfug]{ clwsf/ ePs} b]lvPsf] / To:tf] ljifodf;fdfGo sfg"g Pj+ s/f/sf] ;d]t ljifo b]lvgcfPsf]n] o:tf] k|rlnt sfg"g tyf sfg"gadf]lhdsfod /x]sf] s/f/sf] ljifoj:t'df o; cbfntn]c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q u|x0f u/L x:tIf]k ug{'kg]{;d]t b]lvb}g .

441441441441441

@@= ctM g]kfn ;/sf/ hn;|f]t dGqfnon]ldlt @)^$.!).!) df lg0f{o u/L ljkIfLlh=Pd=cf/= OghL{ sDkgL;Fu ;dembf/Lkq u/]sf]/ ;f]xL ;dembf/Lkqsf zt{x¿sf] cf}lrTosf;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{ sfo{kflnsf cfkm}df pQ/bfloTj/xg] / To;sf] cf}lrTodf lgj]bssf] dfucg';f/g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%^-@_ adf]lhd x:tIf]k u/L To:tf] ;Demf}tfnfO{k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . pQm;xdlt Pj+ ;Demf}tfaf6 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !%^-@_ adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] cg'df]bg rflxg] s'g} s'/f ljBdfg ePsf]lgj]bsn] b]vfpg g;s]sf]n] ;f] cj:yfdf lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L u/L Joj:yflksf ;+;bnfO{pQm wf/f !%^-@_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k|fKt ug{eGg ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] ;fy} o;} cbfntaf6lgj]bs /fdrGb| r6f}t ;d]t lj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf ] sfof {nosf7df8f}+;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f ;d]t d'2fdf o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.%.@$ df ePsf] km};nfdfplNnlvt cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdfklg ljBdfg} b]lvPsf] x'Fbf ;f] cfwf/df ;d]tlgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ug{ ldn]g .k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . l/6 lgj]bgsf]bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/La'emfOlbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .Gof=lu/Lz rGb| nfn

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f/ @& ut] /f]h $ z'ed\

Ohnf; clws[t M– lji0f'k|;fb uf}td

lg0f{o g+=*(*@ lg0f{o g+=*(*@ lg0f{o g+=*(*@ lg0f{o g+=*(*@ lg0f{o g+=*(*@

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

@)^$– wo )$(^cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!!.!).%

ljifoM pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM lhNNff wg'iff, hgsk'/ gu/kflnsfj8f g= % j:g] cd/gfy u'Ktf

lj?4k|ToyL{M ;Ltfs'df/L b]jL zfx ;d]t

§ n]gb]g d'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhdsf] lauf]k|ltjfbLn] a'emfpg g;s] jfbLn] l;wfvr{bflvn u/]df y'gfdf /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yfb]lvG5 . oxfF k|ltjfbLnfO{ sfg"gn] s'g}ljsNk lbPsf] b]lvFb}g . csf{sf] C0fvfPkl5 lbg', ltg'{ C0f vfg]sf] st{Jog} xf] . cfkm} C0f glt/]kl5 cbfntdfd '2 f k/L k } m;nf e };s ]kl5km};nfadf]lhdsf] ljuf] a'emfpg k|ltjfbLafWo x'G5 . of] jf Tof] axfgfdf p;n]pGd'lQm k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] .

§ km};nfkZrft\ :jo+ cu|;/ e} lauf]a'emfpg'kg]{df jfbLn] k|ltjfbLsf] gfpFdfhfoh]yf vf]hL b/vf:t xfNg'kg]{] / hfoh]yfkm]nf gkf/]sf] cj:yfdf l;wfvr{ bflvnu/L y'gfdf /fVg kfpg] sfg"gL Joj:yfdfjfbLsf] b/vf:t bfo/ ePkl5 k|ltjfbLn];Dej eP gub} a'emfpg' kb{5, ;Dej

*(*@ –*(*@ –*(*@ –*(*@ –*(*@ – cd/gfy u'Ktf lj=;Ltfs'df/L b]jL zfx ;d]t

&&&&&


442442442442442

5}g eg] cfkm\gf] gfpFsf] hfoh]yf b]vfpg'kb{5 . oL b'O{ cj:yf b]vfpg g;s]sf]cj:yfdf y'gfdf /fVg kfpg] .

§ c¿;Fu d'2f rln/x]sf] 5 eg]/ n]gb]gJojxf/sf] !( g+ / b08 ;hfosf]$@-@_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ lgliqmoagfpg ldNb}g . d'2f rNg' Pp6fk|lqmof;Dd xf] . d'2f rln/x]sf] cj:yfdfp;sf] xs 7xg{ klg ;S5 / g7xg{klg ;Sb5 . Goflos lgsfodf ljrf/flwgljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ clGtd eP//x]sf] km};nfsf] sfof{GjognfO{ cj/f]wv8f ug'{ Gofof]lrt gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_

lgj]bstkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf k|sfz s]=;L=k|ToyL{tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf ob'gfy vgfncjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)%*, cÍ & / *, k[i7 $%&,

lg=g+ &)@%;Da4 sfg"gM§ d'n'sL P]g bfdf;fxLsf] dxnsf] !) g+=,§ n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !( g+=§ b08 ;hfosf] $@-@_ g+=§ afFsL gltg]{sf] dxnsf] !) g+=,§ rf]/Lsf] dxnsf] !) g+=§ cfuf] nufpg]sf] dxnsf] ( g+=


;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhdo; cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qcGtu{tbfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKttYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M–

ljkIfL ;Ltfs'df/L b]jL ;fxn] dlgj]bs;Fu ldlt @)%%.&.! ut]sf lbg ?@,!(,))). C0f lng' ePsf]df efvfleq pQmC0fsf] ;fjfF Jofh ga'emfpg' ePsf]n] n]gb]gd'2f bfo/ e} ;fFjf Jofh ;d]t e/L kfpg] u/LclGtd k}m;nf e} a;]sf] 5 . ljkIfLsf gfpFsf]ls=g= @! sf] If]qkmn )–%–@ hUuf lnnfd u/Lljuf] c;"npk/ ul/kfpFm egL ldlt @)^#.!@.@)ut]sf lbg wg'iff lhNnf cbfntdf lgj]bg bfo/u/]sf]df pQm hUuf / ;f] hUufdf ag]sf] 3/ljkIfL ;Ltfs'df/L b]jL ;fxsf] gfdaf6 cGoJolQmsf gfddf gfd;f/L e} ljkIfsf gfpdfsfod g/x]sf]n] ljuf] /sd c;"npk/ x'g g;s]sf]/ ljkIfLn] ;d]t /sd ltg]{ a'emfpg] s'/fdfrf;f] gb]vfPsf] x'Fbf afWo eO{ d'n'sL P]g n]gb]gJojxf/sf] !( g+ tyf b08 ;hfosf] $@-@_ g+adf]lhd Ps jif{ y'gfdf /flvkfpFm egL nfUg]l;wf vr{ ;d]t bflvnf u/L ldlt @)^%.(.@@ut] wg'iff lhNnf cbfntdf lgj]bg btf{ u/fPsflyP .

tTkZrft\ ljkIfL ;Ltfs'df/L b]jL;fxn] @)^$ ;fn c;f]h !^ ut]sf lbgwg'iff lhNnf cbfntdf pQm k}m;nf sfof{Gjogb/vf:t tfd]nL /fflvkfpFm egL lgj]bg bfo/ug'{ ePsf]df ldlt @)^$.(.#) ut]sf lbgtx;Lnbf/n] tfd]nLdf /fVg gldNg] egL u/]sf]cfb]zpk/ lgh ;Ltfs'df/L b]jLn] wg'iff lhNnfcbfntdf lgj]bg bfo/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^^.@.* dftx;Lnbf/sf] cfb]z ldn]s} b]lv+Fbf lgj]bgdfuadf]lhd ab/ ul//xg k/]g, k|ltjfbLsf]gfpFdf Dofb hf/L u/L Dofbleq ljuf] bflvnu/] jf h]yf b]vfPdf ;f]xLadf]lhd / bflvngu/] h]yf gb]vfP k|ltjfbLsf] gfddf kqmfp

443443443443443

k"hL{ hf/L u/L kqmfp k/]sf avt c=j= !@!g+ adf]lhd y'g'jf k"hL{ hf/L u/L l;wfvr{afkt/fv]sf] w/f}6L /sd ;fy} /fvL y'gfdf a:gsf/fuf/ sfof{no dxf]Q/L k7fO{ lbg' egLcfb]z hf/L ePsf] lyof] . y'gfdf /fVg] u/LePsf] pQm cfb]z ab/ ul/kfpFm egL ljkIfL;Ltfs'df/L b]jL ;fxn] c=j= !& g+ adf]lhdk'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/df lgj]bg bfo/u/L ldlt @)^^.&.!% df ;Ltfs'df/L b]jL;fxn] ;;'/f tyf kltpk/ b]=g+ !((( sf]c+z d'2f bfo/ e} rln/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf]x'Fbf d'n'sL P]g n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] ( g+ nfO{;d]t Wofgdf /fvL sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{, TofxfFaf6ldlt @)^^.@.* df y'gfdf /fVg sf/fuf/sfof{no dxf]Q/L k7fO{lbg' eGg] ;d]t cfb]z/Ltk"j{s gx'Fbf ab/ ul/Psf] 5 egL ePsf]cfb]z Gofo tyf sfg"g k|lts"n 5 .

ljkIfL ;Ltfs'df/L b]jL ;fxn] ;;'/ftyf kltpk/ b]=g= !(((sf] c+z d'2f rln/x]sf]eGg] cfwf/ g} unt /x]sf] 5 . lsgls ljkIfL;Ltfs'df/L b]jL ;fx ;d]t ePsf] b]=g+= !$!%sf] c+z d'2f ldlt @)^@.!).& ut]df wg'ifflhNnf cbfntdf ldnfkq ePsf] 5 . pQmtYonfO{ gh/ cGbfh u/L n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] (g+ sf] unt JofVof ePsf] 5 . ;fy}, lgj]bsl/g' z]kf{ ljkIfL /fd]5fk lhNnf cbfnt ePsf]g]sfk @)%*, cÍ & / * k[i7 $%&, lg=g+&)@% df k|sflzt ghL/ l;4fGt ;d]t ljk/Lt/x]sf] k'g/fjb]g cbfnt hgsk'/sf] pQm cfb]zab/efuL 5 . ctM lhNnf cbfnt wg'iffsf]cfb]znfO{ ab/ ug]{ u/L ldlt @)^^.&.!%ut]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/sf] cfb]zk|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lts"n tyf u}/sfg"gL /plNnlvt ghL/ l;4fGtljk/Lt /x]sf] x'Fbf

pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L ldlt @)^^.@.*ut]sf] wg'iff lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]zsfod u/L ;f]xL cfb]zadf]lhd ug{ u/fpgljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cd/gfy u'Ktfsf]l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] <of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq ;DalGwt ldl;n ;fy /fvL ;"rgfk7fO{ lnlvt hjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf]cfb]z .

lhNnf cbfntaf6 ljuf] afkt y'gfdf/fVg ePsf] cfb]zpk/ k|ltjfbL l;tfb]jLsf]lgj]bg k|ltj]bg k]z x'Fbf lghn] ;;'/f tyfkltpk/ bfo/ u/]sf] b]=g+ !((( sf] c+z d'2frln/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbf d'n'sL P]g,n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] ( g+ ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvLsf/jfxL ug'{kg]{df ldlt @)^^.@.* df y'gfdf/fVg sf/fuf/ sfof{no dxf]Q/Ldf k7fO{ lbg]eGg] ;d]t ePs]f cfb]z /Ltk"j{s ePsf] gx'Fbfab/ ul/lbPsf] 5 . pQm bkmf ;d]tnfO{ x]/Lsfg"gadf]lhd ug'{xf]nf eGGf] cfb]z ePsf] xf] .o;/L sfg"gadf]lhdsf] clwsf/If]q u|x0f u/Lsfg"gadf]lhd g} o; cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf]x' Fbf o; cbfntsf] pQm cfb]zaf6 l/6lgbj]bgdf pNn]v u/]adf]lhd l/6 lgj]bssf];+ljwfgk|bQ df}lns xs xgg gePsf]n]lgj]bssf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfLaf6 d}n] lnPsf] C0f d lt5'{eGbfeGb} ljkIfLn] ddfly ab\lgot lrtfO{ wg'iff



444444444444444

lhNnf cbfntdf n]gb]g d'2f btf{ u/fPsflyP . pQm n]gb]g d'2fdf jfbL bfjL k'Ug] u/Lk}m;nf ePsf] lyof] . pQm k}m;nf ePkZrft\ljkIfLn] d canf gf/Ldfly ab\lgot lrtfO{dnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg] lgotjz wg'iff lhNnfcbfntdf d'n'sL P]g b08 ;hfosf] $@-@_ g+/ n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !( g+ adf]lhd y'gfdf/flvkfpFm egL l;wf vr{ ;d]t bflvnf u/Llgj]bg lbPsf] yfxf kfO{ d}n] d]/f >Ldfg\3/kl/jf/;Fu c+z d'2f lbPsf] / pQm d'2f xfnljrf/flwg /x]sf] x'Fbf ljkIfLn] lbPsf] lgj]bgd'ntjL /fvL kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbPsf] lyPF .d]/f] lgj]bgdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf ldlt @)^$.(.#)ut]sf lbg tx;Lnbf/n] tfd]nLdf /fVg gldNg]egL cfb]z u/]pk/ wg'iff lhNnf cbfntaf6klg tx;Lnbf/n] u/]sf] cfb]znfO{ g} ;b/ ug]{u/L ldlt @)^^.@.* ut]sf] lbg cfb]z ePs]flyof] . ;f] cfb]zpk/ d}n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnthgsk'/df !& g+ sf] lgj]bg u/]sf] lyPF .k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/af6 n]gb]g Jojxf/sf]( g+ nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL sf/jfxL ug'{ eGg]cfb]z ldlt @)^^.&.!% ut] ePsf] lyof] . d;Ltfb]jLsf] s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ klt lzjhLk|;fb ;fx;+u c+z btf{ d'2f rln/x]sf] s'/fnfO{Wofgdf /fvL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/af6pQm cfb]z ePsf] xf] .

d]/f] ;uf]nsf] >L;Dkltdf d]/f] c+zxs nfUg] s'/fdf s'g} ljjfb 5}g . d]/f] ;uf]ns]fkl/jf/sf gfddf /x] ePsf] rn crn;DklQaf6 ljkIfLsf] ljuf] c;"npk/ x'g]s'/fdf klg s'g} ljjfb 5}g . ;uf]ndf /xbflnPsf] C0f ;uf]nsf kl/jf/sf] ;a}sf] k]6dfk/]sf] cj:yfdf d'n'sL P]g n]gb]g Jojxf/sf]( / !( g+ Pj+ b08 ;hfosf] @^ g+ ;d]tsf]

cfwf/df c;"npk/ ug{ ;lsg] sfg"gL Joj:Yff5 . d]/f] ;uf]nsf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x] ePsf]3/ hUufx¿tk{m s'g] Wofgg} glbO{ hUuf hldgs]xL 5}g egL ljuf]afkt y'gfdf /fvL kfpFmegL ab\lgot lrtfO{ ljkIfL cd/gfy u'Ktfn]wg'iff lhNnf cbfntdf lbPsf] lgj]bgaf6dnfO{ y'gfdf /fvL d]/f] j}olQms :jtGqtf;d]tx/0f x'g] k|an ;Defjgf ;d]t /x] ePsf]cj:Yffdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/n] u/]sf]cfb]z sfg"g;+ut 5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfnthgsk'/n] d'n'sL P]g b08 ;hfosf] @^ g+,n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] *,( g+ sf] sfg"gnfO{ x]/]/k}m;nfsf] sf/jfxL ug'{ egL ePsf] cfb]znfO{j]/Ltsf] cfb]z eGg ldNb}g . t;y{ ljkIfLsf]l/6 lgj]bgsf] s'g} cf}lrTo g/x] gePsf] x'Fbfvf/ ]h ul/kfp F m eGg ] ;d]t Joxf ]/fsf ];Ltfs'df/Lsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx 'g cfPsf ] k |:t 't l/6 lgj ]bgdf l/6lgj]bstkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >Lk|sfz s]=;L=n] lgj]bsn] k};f klg gltg]{ /sfg"gL sf/jfxLnfO{ klg 5Ng] cfzon] l/6lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . km};nfadf]lhdljuf] ga'emfpg]nfO{ l;wfvr{ bflvn u/L y'gfdf/fVg kfpg] jfbLsf] sfg"gk|bQ clwsf/ xf] .k|ltjfbLn] ls t ljuf] a'emfpg'kb{5, cGoyflghsf] gfpdf s'g} ;DklQ b]lvg'kb{5 . oL b'j}cj:yf ljBdfg gePsf] cj:yfdf y'gfdf/fVg]u/L ePsf] lhNnf cbfntsf] cfb]zsfg"g;Ddt\ 5 . lg g+ &(^% sf] o; cbfntaf6k|ltkflbt l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;d]t k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ab/of]Uo 5eGg] ;d]t ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] . k|ToyL{tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L ob'gfy vgfnn]

445445445445445


k|ltjfbLsf] c+z efu sfod} /xL d'2f rNbfrNb}sf]cj:yfdf y'gfdf /fVg gldNg] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cfb]z sfg"g;Ddt\ 5 eGg] ax;k|:t't ug'{eof] .

l/6 lgj]bg;lxtsf ldl;n sfuhftsf]cWoog u/L ljåfg clwjQmfx¿sf] plNnlvtax; a'Fbf;d]t dgg u/L OG;fkmtkm{ ljrf/ubf{ l/6 lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]cfb]z ab/ x'g] xf], xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{oug{'kg]{ b]lvof] .

@= o;df n]gb]g d'2fsf] ljuf]afkth]yf km]nf gk/]kl5 afbLn] y'gfdf /fVg kfpg]x'Fbf ;f] ;DaGwdf z'¿ lhNnf cbfntaf6 y'gfdf/fVg]u/L ePsf] cfb]z sfg"g;Ddt\ /x]s]fcj:yfdf c+z d'2f rln/x]sf] cj:yfnfO{ cfwf/dfGb} ;f]nfO{ ab/ ug]{u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ x' Fbf pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] d'Vo l/6 lgj]bgbfjL b ] lvG5 . ;Ltfs'df/L b ]jL ;fxn]lgj]bsnfO{ ;fFjf ?=@,!(,))). / ;f]sf] Jofhe/fpg]u/L ePsf] km};nf clGtd ePkZrft\jfbLn] k|ltjfbLsf] gfpFsf] h]yf km]nf gkf/]sfn]n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !( g+ tyf b08 ;hfosf]$@-@_ g+ adf]lhd y'gfdf /flvkfpFm egL lgj]bglbFbf ldlt @)^^.@.* df Dofbdf ljuf] bflvngu/] y'gfdf /fVg]u/L cfb]z ePsf] b]lvG5 .;f] cfb]zpk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lgj]bgbfo/ x'Fbf ;Ltfs'df/L b]jL ;fxn] ;;'/f tyfkltpk/ b]=g+ !((( sf] c+z d'2f bfo/ e}rln/x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] x'Fbf d'n'sL P]gn]gb]g Jojxf/sf] ( g+ nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvLsf/jfxL ug'{kg]{df lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^^.@.* df y'gfdf /fVg]u/L ePsf] cfb]z/Ltk"j {s gx' Fbf ab/ ul/Psf ] 5, pQm

bkmf;d]tnfO{ x]/L sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{xf]nf egLcfb]z ePsf] b]lvG5 .

#= o; kl/k|]Iodf lgj]bsnfO{ ljuf]afkty'gdf /fVg] ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf / z'¿tyf k'g/fj]bg cbntsf] cfb]zsf] j}wtf ;DaGwdfljj]rgf ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] . d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf]dxnsf] $@-@_ df plNnlvt ljuf]afkt y'gfdf/fVg] Joj:yf b]xfoadf]lhd b]lvG5M

hfohftaf6 k"/f lauf] k'u]g eg]gk'uhltdf n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] dxnsf]!( gDa/, bfdf;fxLsf] dxnsf] !) gDa/,afFsL gltg]{sf] dxnsf] !) gDa/, rf]/Lsf]dxnsf] !) gDa/ / cfuf] nufpg]sf]dxnsf] ( gDa/adf]lhd s}b u/fpgkfpg]df s}b u/fO{ kfpFm egL s}bdfa;'GHofn vfgnfO{ s}bL y'g'jfn]kfpg];/xsf] l;wfvr{ ;d]t bflvn u/Lcl3 hfohftaf6 e/L kfPsf ;ftlbgleq b/vf:t lbg'k5{ . To:tf] b/vf:tkg{ cfof] eg] xflsdn] To; s'/fsf] krf{v8fu/L s}b ul/lbg'k5{ . ;f]adf]lhds}b gu/fPsf] jf s}b gx'g]df cl3hfohft x'Fbf bafP 5kfPsf] eP dfqbafP 5kfPsf] rn crn wg dfnsf]kQf nufO{ cl3 e/L kfPsf ldltn] b'O{jif{leq b/vf:t lbg'k5{ . ;f] DofbleqbafP 5kfPsf] rn crn wgdfnsf]kmfF6 vf]nL b/vf:t lbg cfof] eg] P]gsf]/Lt k'¥ofO{ kQf nufO{ NofPsf] h]yfwgdfn lnnfd laqmL u/L wgLnfO{ e/fO{lbg'k5{, n]lvP adf]lhd eO;s]kl5 klgel/kfpg] hDd} wg k'Ug ;s]g eg] gk'udf;f] hfohft x'g]nfO{ kqmg, bfjf ug{ /


446446446446446

bf]xf/f] hfohft u/fpg ;d]t kfpFb}g .axL vftf td;'s lnvt ;d]t hf] 5km§f u/fO{ lbg'k5{ .

$= plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yf x]bf{ n]gb]gd'2fsf] km};nfadf]lhdsf] ljuf] k|ltjfbLn]a'emfpg g;s] jfbLn] l;wfvr{ bflvn u/]dfy'gfdf /fVg'kg] { Joj:yf b]lvG5 . oxf Fk|ltjfbLnfO{ sfg"gn] s'g} ljsNk lbPsf] b]lvb}g .csf{sf] C0f vfPkl5 lbg' ltg'{ C0f vfg]sf]st{Jo g} xf] . cfkm} C0f glt/]kl5 cbfntdfd'2f k/L k}m;nf e} ;s]kl5 km};nfadf]lhdsf]ljuf] a'emfpg k|ltjfbL afWo x'G5 . of] jf Tof]axfgfdf p;n] pGd'lQm k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g .k m };nfkZrft \ :jo + cu |;/ e } ljuf ]a'emfpg'kg]{df jfbLn] k|ltjfbLsf] gfpFdf hfoh]yfvf]hL b/vf:t xfNg' kg]{] / hfoh]yf km]nfgkf/]sf] c:yfdf l;wfvr{ bflvn u/L y'gfdf/fVg kfpg] u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .o;/L jfbLsf] b/vf:t bfo/ ePkl5 k|ltjfbLn];Dej eP gub} a'emfpg' kb{5, ;Dej 5}g eg]cfkm\gf] gfpFsf] hfoh]yf b]vfpg' kb{5 . oL b'O{cj:yf b]vfpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf jfbLn] y'gfdf/fVg kfpg] g} x'G5 . c¿;Fu d'2f rln/x]sf] 5eg]/ n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !( g+ / b08 ;hfosf]$@-@_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ lgliqmo agfpgldNb}g . d'2f rNg' Pp6f k|lqmof;Dd xf] . d'2frln/x]sf] cj:yfdf p;sf] xs 7xg{ klg ;S5/ g7xg{ klg ;Sb5 . Goflos lgsfodfljrf/flwg ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ clGtdeP/ /x]sf] km};nfsf] sfof{GjognfO{ cj/f]wv8f ug'{ Gofof]lrt x'Fb}g . k|:t't d'2fdf;uf]nsf] h]yf kqm]sf] ge} C0f vfg]nfO{ y'gfdf

/fVgsf] nflu sf/jfxL cl3 a9fPsf] b]lvPsf]x'Fbf n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] ( g+ sf] ;fGble{stfb]lvg cfpFb}g . k|ltjfbLn] cGo;Fu d'2fn8Lcfkm\gf] gfpFdf ;DklQ sfod gu/]sf] cj:yfdf;fx"n] b08 ;hfosf] $@-@_ sf] sf/jfxL cufl8a9fpgnfO{ s'g} afwf l;h{gf gug]{ x'Fbf k'g/fj]bgcbfnt hgsk'/sf] cfb]z sfg"g cg's"n b]lvgcfPg .

%= b08 ;hfosf] $@ g+= sf] ;DaGwdfl/g' z]kf{ ljkIfL /fd]5fk lhNnf cbfnt ePsf]d'2fdf - g]sfk @)%*, cÍ & / * k[i7 $%&,lg=g+ &)@%_ o; cbfntaf6 ePsf] JofVofk|:t't d'2fdf ;d]t ;fGble{s b]lvG5, h'g o;k|sf/ b]lvG5M

km };nfadf ] lhd e/L kfpg ]7x/]sf] lauf] k|ltjfbLsf] of] of] crn;DklQaf6 e/L kfpFm egL k|ltjfbLsf]h]yf b]vfO{ n]gb]g d'2fsf] jfbL afa'sfhLz]kf{n] bvf{:t lbPsf]df dfnkf]t sfof{noa'‰bf ;f] 3/ hUuf C0f ;'/If0f s[lifljsf; a}+s jfDtLaf6 /f]Ssf lwtf] /x]sf]eGg] dfnkf]t sfof {no /fd]5fksf])%&.^.!) sf] kqaf6 b]lvPsf] l:yltdfjfbLsf] km};nfadf]lhd e/L kfpg] 7x/]sf]lauf] e/Le/fp x'g g;sL k|ltjfbL -lgj]bs_ nfO{ y'gfdf /fvL kfpFm egLd'n'sL P]g n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !( g+= /b08 ;hfosf] $@ g+= adf]lhd y'gfdf/fVg Ps jif{sf] nflu l;wf ;d]t@)%*.#.!& df bflvnf u/]sf]df ljkIfL/fd]5fk lhNnf cbfntn] )%*.#.@% dfy'gfdf /fVg] cfb]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]

447447447447447

*(*# –*(*# –*(*# –*(*# –*(*# – /Tgf :g]xL -;'gf/_ lj=cDd/nfn ;'gf/ ;d]t

cfb]z e} ;s]k5L ;f]xL lbg )%*.#.@%.@df s]xL hUuf as;kq af6 k|fKt u/L;f] hUufaf6 e/L e/fp xf];\ egL@)%#.#.@%.@ df /fd ]5fk lhNnfcbfntdf lgj]bg lbP klg /fd]5fklhNnf cbfntn] y'gfdf /fVg] cfb]zu/L ;s]kl5 dfq pQm lgj]bg k/]sf]cj:yfdf s]xL ug{ k/]g egL /fd]5fklhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]znfO{cGoyf eGg gldNg] .

^= plNnlvt JofVofaf6 y'gfdf /fVg]cfb]z e};s]kZrft\ s'g} ;DklQ k|fKt ePsf]cj:yfdf ;d]t y'gfdf /fVg]u/L ePsf] cfb]znfO{a}wtf k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|:t't l;4fGt;Fuof] Ohnf; ;d]t c;xdt x'g'kg]{ cj:yfb]lvFb}g . k|:t't l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;d]tljuf]afkt k|ltjfbLnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg]u/L ePsf]lhNnf cbfntsf] cfb]z ab/ u/]]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cfb]z Gofo tyf sfg"g;Ddt\ b]lvgcfPg .

&= t;y{ dfly ljj] lrt sfg"gLJoj:yf, k|ltkflbt l;4fGt;d]tsf cfwf/sf/0 fa f6 n ]gb ]g d '2 fsf k | ltjfb Ln ]km};nfadf]lhdsf] ljuf] ga'emfPdf tyf lghsf]gfpFdf s'g} hfoh]yf ;d]t gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf;f] ljuf]afkt jfbLn] k|ltjfbLnfO{ y'gfdf/fVg kfpg] g} x'Fbf k|ltjfbLnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg]u/LePsf] lhNnf cbfntsf] cfb]z ab/ ug]{u/LePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/sf] ldlt@)^&.&.!% sf] cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ b]lvFbf pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/lbPsf] 5 . l/6 lgj]bsjfbL cd/gfy u'Ktfn] lhNnf cbfntdf km};nfsfof{Gjogsf ;Gbe{df y'gfdf /fvLkfpFm egL

bfo/ u/]sf] b/vf:tsf] afFsL sf/jfxL oyflz3|k"/f ug'{ egL wg'iff lhNnf cbfntsf] gfpFdfk/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t't cfb]zsf]hfgsf/L ljkIfLx¿nfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf] nuts§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ clen]v zfvfdfa'emfOlbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn kmfu'g !) ut] /f]h % df z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M– lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofo

lg0f{o g+=*(*# lg0f{o g+=*(*# lg0f{o g+=*(*# lg0f{o g+=*(*# lg0f{o g+=*(*#

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLk'g/fj]bg g+= – )^^–CR–)&%*

km};nf ldltM @)&).!.!)

d'2f M– hfn;fh .

k'g/fj]bs ÷ jfbLM lhNnf aemfª, l/7fkf6fuf=lj=;=j8f g+=^ 3/ e} xfn lhNnfs}nfnL wgu9L g=kf=j8f g+= !! j:g]/Tgf :g]xL -;'gf/_

lj?4k|ToyL{ ÷ k|ltjfbLM lhNnf aemfª, l/7fkf6f uf=lj=;=

j8f g+=^ j:g] cDd/nfn ;'gf/ ;d]t

&&&&&


448448448448448

z'¿ km};nf ug]{ M–df=Gof=>L /d]z/fh kf]v/]n

k'g/fj]bg txdf km};nf ug]{ M–df=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfndf=Gof=>L zDe'axfb'/ v8\sf

§ lkm/fb bfjL / k|ltpQ/ lhsL/af6 d'2fsf]ljifoj:t' aGg] eO{ ;f]xL ;Ldfdf /xLd'2fsf lg0ff{os k|Zgx¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{x'G5 . c=a+=!## g+= adf]lhd u/fOg]sfuhaf6 yk bfjL ul/Psf] /x]5 eg]jf yk k|ltjfb ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] klgtL ;DalGwt lkm/fb / k|ltpQ/ eGbfk[ys /x]5g\ eg] o:tf gofF tYo jfdfu jf lhsL/n] d'2fsf] lg0ff{os k|Zglgwf{/0f ug'{ kbf{ s'g} sfg"gL dxTj/fVb}g . t;y{ lkm/fb tyf To;sf]k|ltjfb:j¿k k|:t't k|ltpQ/df ;LldteO{ cbfntn] cfkm\gf] km};nf lbg'kg]{ .

§ sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= / !) g+= c+ufnLbfo/ lkm/fbdf km};nf ab/, btf{ ab/ /btf{ xs sfod k|s[ltsf b]jfgL dfu;d]t lnOPsf] lkm/fb c=a+= &@ g+=k|lts"n x'G5 . lkm/fb b]jfgL jf kmf}hbf/Ls'g k|s[ltsf] xf] eGg] lgwf{/0f ug'{ kbf{lkm/fbkqn] 6]s]sf sfg"gL cfwf/nfO{x]g'{kg]{ .

§ hfn;fhL lqmofaf6 xs :yflkt x'Fb}g .hfn;fhL 7x/ ePsf] ;|f]tn] s;}nfO{klg xs k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g\ . btf{ ab/,btf{ / xssfod ;d]t Pp6} lkm/fbdfdfu ul/Psf] cj:yfdf b]jfgL ljifodf

k|j]z gu/L lgisif{df k'Ug g;lsg]ePsfn] kmf}hbf/L ljifos d'2faf6 b]jfgLpkrf/ lbg sfg"gg\ c;Dej ePsf]cj:yfdf jfbL bfjL k'Ug] lgisif{ lgsfNgGofof]lrt gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ d'2f ;sf/ kl/jf/sf] cu'jf eO{ Jojxf/

ug]{ JolQmn] ug]{ xf] . d'2f ;sf/ ubf{cGo kl/jf/ ;b:osf] klg d~h"/LrflxG5 eGg' k|rlnt sfg"g / Jojxf/k|lts"n x'G5 . s;}n] d'2f ;sf/ u/]sf]dfcfklQ eP jf cfkm" klg ;l/s x'gkg]{O{R5f eP d'2f ;sf/ ;d]tsf dfWodn]d'2fdf ;+nUg x'g ;lsG5 . d'2f ;sf/ug]{sf] x}l;ot kIf ;/x x'g] x'Fbf lghn]d'2f lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_§ d'2fdf kIf sfod ePsf] d'2fdf ldnfkq

ug]{ jf d'2f g} lkmtf{ lng] h:tfclwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ s'g} sfg"gn] /f]sgnufPsf]n] d'2fdf kIf sfod ePsf]JolQmn] cbfntdf d'2f lkmtf{sf] nflulgj]bg lbO{ d'2f lkmtf{ ePsf] sfo{ cfkm}+dfhfn;fhL x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ bfjL lnPs} e/df ;sf/ ug{ ;Sg]

kl/jf/sf ;b:on] d'2f lkmtf{ lnFb}df jfldnfkq ub}{df jf ;f] d'2fdf kIfsf]x}l;otn] s'g} sfo{ ub}{df tL sfo{hfn;fhL 3f]lift ub}{ hfg] xf] eg]kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgf / sfg"gL k|0ffnLnfO{g} k'gk{l/eflift ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

449449449449449


k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf OGb| v/]nk|ToyL{ tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf dft[sfk|;fb

lg/f}nfcjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ sLt]{ sfuhsf] # / !) g+=§ c=a+= &@, && / &* g+=

km};nfGof=k|sfz j:tLM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt

lbkfonsf] @)^$.!).@( sf] km};nfpk/ d'2fbf]xf]¥ofO{ x]/L kfpFm egL jfbLsf] tkm{af6 lgj]bgk/L o; cbfntaf6 Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf !@-!_-s_ adf]lhd bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;fk|bfg e} k'g/fj]bgsf] ¿kdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf]k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/5M–

d]/f a8f;;'/f h+u] ldhf/ / pgsf kfFrefO 5f]/fx¿ qmdzM ;GtjL/, dxfjL/, csjL/,dfgjL/ / j:tL/fd :g]xL x'g\ . d]/f ;;'/f dxfjL/ldhf/ / logsf tLg efO 5f]/fx¿ qmdz MljkIfL cd/nfn ldhf/, d]/f klt cd/Wjhldhf/ / b]j/ ?b|jL/ ldhf/ x'g\ . h+u] ldhf/sfgfpFdf btf{ ePsf ;Dk"0f{ v]t kfvf hUufx¿dfa8f;;'/fsf % efO 5f]/fx¿sf] a/fa/ xs nfUg]x'Fbf ;f]xLadf]lhd a08f lx:;f eO{ cfPsf] cj:yfr}gk'/ df}hfdf ;k{6 gfkLsf] ;f=ls=g+= *! d"n;8s klZrd, g/axfb'/ k"j{, xs]{ blIf0f, bnjL/pQ/sf] df=d'= . % sf] 5f]/] au/ v]t d]/f ;;'/fdxfjL/ ldhf/sf lx:;fdf k/L pxfFsf] z]ifkl5pxfFsf tLg efO 5f]/fx¿n] ;f] ls=g+= *! sf]a/fa/ tLg lx:;f u/L ef]urng u/L cfPsf]dfpQm hUuf ;DaGwdf @)$% ;fndf ljkIfLcDd/nfn;Fu d]/f klt;d]tsf] d'2f k/]kl5 ldlt

@)$%.#.@@ df ldnfkq eO{ a/fa/ tLg lx:;fu/L bf=vf= ;d]t e};s]sf] / @)%! ;fndfhUuf gfk hfFr x'Fbf pQm ;f=ls=g+= *! af6lsQfsf6 eO{ ls=g+=^)@ cd/Wjhsf] gfddf,^)# ?b|jL/sf] gfddf / ls=g+= ^)$ ljkIfLcDd/nfnsf] gfddf l6lkg'kg] {df ljkIfLcDd/nfnn] ;f=ls=g+= *! k"/} cfkm\g} xf] egLbfjL lnPsf] / hUuf t]/f]d]/f];DaGwL ljjfbrln/x]sf] cj:yf dfnkf]t sfof{no a´fªn]ljkIfLnfO{ lhtfO{ lg0f{o u/]sf]df ;f]pk/ d]/fklt / ljkIfLaLr a´fª lhNnf cbfntdf d'2frln/x]sf cj:yfdf d]/f klt cd/Wjh :g]xLsf]ldlt @)%*.%.% df sfnultn] d[To' ePkl5d]/L ;f}tf zf/bf kl6[sf 5f]/f x[bodl0f :g]xLn];f=ls=g+= *! af6 xfn sfod ls=g+=^)@, ^)#,^)$ sf] hUuf;DaGwL d'2f k/]sf] s'/f xfdL3/kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox¿nfO{ yfxf hfgsf/LglbO{ ljkIfL h]7fh' cDd/nfnsf] egfO{df nfuLlgh ljkIfLx¿n] Pscfk;df cg'lrt ;fF7ufF7Pj+ hfn;fh u/L ldlt @)^).#.$ df lkm/fbbfjL k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lSbg egL ljkIfL x[bodl0fn]aemfª lhNnf cbfntdf hfn;fhLk"0f{ lgj]bglbO{ ;f]xL cfwf/df cbfntn] d'2f lkmtf{ u/]sf] /;f] sf/0fn] d ;d]tsf ;b:ox¿sf] xs hfg]u/L km};nf u/]sf] x'Fbf ljkIfL 5f]/f x[bodl0fn]cfkm\gf] k}t[s ;DklQdf bfjL k|dfl0ft ug{;lSbg egL cbfntdf r9fPsf] ldlt @)^).#.$sf] lgj]bg d'n'sL P]g, sLt]{ sfuhsf] dxnsf] #g+= ljk/Lt x'Fbf lgh ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;f] P]gsf]!) g+= adf]lhd xb};Dd ;hfo ;d]t u/L ;f]xLlgj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL u/]sf] ldlt @)^).#.*sf] km};nf;d]t ab/ u/L ;f=ls=g+= *! af6xfn sfod ls=g+= ^)@, ^)#, ^)$ dWo] ^)@sf] lsQf d ;d]tsf gfddf btf{ ug{ cf1f


450450450450450

cfb]z ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] /Tgf :g]xLsf]lkm/fb bfjL .

lkm/fbkqsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joxf]/f ´"7f /agfj6L xf] . !(() ;fnsf] hfFrdf h+u]ldhf/sf gfddf btf{ ePsf] ;f=ls=g+= *!df=d'=. % sf] 5f]/]ju/af6 xfn sfod ePsfls=g+= ^)@,^)# / ^)$ sf] 5f]/]ju/ v]tljkIfLsf] c+z lx:;fsf] ge} Psnf}6L d]/f c+zefusf] x'Fbf tf=d'=af6 ldlt @)#%.*.#) dfd]/f gfddf bf=vf= ;d]t eO{ ;s]sf] hUufljkIfLx¿sf] xsc+zsf] eP pQm ldltdf d]/fgfdsf] bf=vf=ab/ u/fpg ;Sg'kg]{df ;f] u/fpg;s]sf] 5}g . d]/f] hUuf lng] vfg] dg;fon]k|]l/t e} hfn;fh d'2f lbPsf] xf] . ;f] hUuf;DaGwdf ljkIfLsf nf]Ug] cd/Wjh;Fu d'2fk/L cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^).#.* df km};nfeO{ d}n] lhtL kfO{ d]/f] Psnf}6L xs x'gcfPsf] hUuf xf] . pQm hUuf ldlt @)$#.@.!#sf] jGwsL td;'sdf efO ?b|jL/ ;fIfL a:g'sf];fy} ldlt @)%$.%.@# df aemfª lhNnfcbfntaf6 gfkL zfvf aemfª k7fPsf] kqdfklg ;f=ls=g+= *! sf] hUuf cDd/nfn ldhf/sf]xf] egL pNn]v ePsf] 5 . ldlt @)^).#.$ut]df ljkIfLsf] 5f]/f x[bodl0fn] cfkm\gf] xsbfjL5f]8L aemfª lhNnf cbfntdf ;fljtL sfuhu/L d]/f] hUuf xf]Og, lgh cDd/nfnsf] hUufxf] egL :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] hUufnfO{ lng vfg;lsG5 ls egL of] em"7f d'2f lbPsf x'g\ .lkm/fb vf/]hefuL x'Fbf vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] cDd/nfn ldhf/ / ;'/]Gb|:g]xL ldhf/sf] ;+o'Qm k|ltpQ/ kq .

k|ltjfbLdWo]sf x[bodl0f :g]xLn]cbfntaf6 hf/L eO{ tfd]n ePsf Dofb z'¿Dofb} u'hf/L a;]sf] .

;f=ls=g+=*! sf] 5f]/] au/ eGg] hUufdftLg efOsf] a/fa/ efu nfUg] xf] . logLx¿sf] s]slt sf/0fn] xf] Tof] a]nf jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr d'2fkl//x]sf] lyof] Tof] jLrdf x[bodl0f eGg]n] oL´ul8of cDd/nfn / ;'/]Gb|;Fu a;L hfF8 /S;LvfO{ d'2f hfn;fh u/L cfkm\gf sfG5f a'af /sfG5L cfdfnfO{ c+z gkfpg] u/L efuL wgu9LuPsf] xf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf ;fIfLbnaxfb'/ :g]xLn] u/]sf] askq .

;flxnf a'af dxfjL/sf] c+zsf] hUuftLg efO{sf] a/fa/ xs nfUg] hUuf xf] . cDd/nfn/ x[bodl0f ldnL jfbLsf] hUuf x/fpgsf nflucl3 d'2fdf ldnfkq u/]sf x'g\ . xfnsf] ls=g+=^)$ cDd/nfnsf], ^)# ?b|jL/sf], ^)@cDd/Wjhsf] hUuf xf] . x[bodl0fn] sfG5Lkl6[sf5f]/fnfO{ 7Ugsf nflu k|ltjfbL;Fu ldnLhfnf;fh u/]sf x'g\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf;fIfL wgaxfb'/ :g]xLn] cbfntdf u/]sf] askq .

bf=vf= s;sf] gfddf 5, dnfO{ yfxf5}g, k|ltjfbL cDd/nfn ldhf/n] 5f]/]ju/hUufdf cfn' nufPsf] b]v]sf] x'F eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLsf ;fIfL hubLzrGb| h};Ln]cbfntdf u/]sf] askq .

jfbL cd/Wjh :g]xL / k|ltjfbLcDd/nfn ldhf/aLr rn]sf] dfnkf]t lg0f{oab/ xs sfod d'2fdf jfbLsf] d[To' eO{ lghsf5f]/f x[bodl0f :g]xLn] d'2f ;sf/ u/L lgh;sf/ ug]{ JolQmn] bfjL k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lSbgegL c=a+= (@ g+= adf]lhd u/L lbPsf] sfuhsfcfwf/df d'2f lkmtf{sf] lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPsf]n]c=a+= (@ g+= adf]lhd u/]sf] sfuhsf cfwf/dfdfnkf]t lg0f{o ab/ d'2f lkmtf{ ug]{ u/L ePsf]lg0f{opk/ oL lkm/fbLn] k'g/fj]bg gu/L c=a+=(@ g+= adf]lhd ePsf] sfuh g} hfn;fhk"0f{ xf]

451451451451451


egL lnPsf] jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x5{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] aemfª lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf]ldlt @)^#.(.^ sf] km};nf .

cbfntdf ul/g] ldnfkq, l8;ld;,vf/]haf6 c¿ xsjfnfx¿sf] xs hfg] /x]5 eg]cfkm\gf] xs hfg]df ldnfkq, l8;dL;, vf/]hhltdf ab/ ul/kfpFm egL gfln; u/]df OG;fkmu/L lbg'k5{ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]df k|ltjfbLx[bodl0fn] d ;d]tsf xsjfnf c+lzof/x¿nfO{d'2fsf] af/]df s'g} yfxf hfgsf/L glbO{ljkIfLx¿;Fu ldnf]dtf] u/L bfjL k|dfl0ft ug{;lSbg egL sfuh u/L sLt]{ sfuhsf dxnsf]# g+= adf]lhd xfdL xsjfnfx¿sf] xsnfO{ ;dfKtug]{ u/L hfn;fhk"0f{ tl/sfaf6 ul/Psf]sfuhnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL z'¿ cbfntaf6 ePsf]q'l6k"0f{ km};nf ab/ u/L lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhdul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lbkfondf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

sfg"gadf]lhd c8\8f cbfntdf ePu/]sf] sfdsf/jfxL sLt]{ sfuhsf] dxnsf] # g+=sf] kl/efiffleqsf] hfn;fhL sfo{ eGg ldNg]gb]lvbf c=a=(@ g+= adf]lhd d'2f lkmtf{ lng]k|of]hgsf nflu ldlt @)^).#.$ df k]z u/]sf]lgj]bg hfn;fhL 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbLbfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x/ u/L aemfª lhNnfcbfntaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)^#.(.^ sf] km};nfldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ eGg k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lbkfonsf] @)^$.!).@( sf] km};nf .

k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfdf lrQa'́ ]g . ;fljs ls=g+= *! sf] hUuf a/fa/LafF8L vfg] egL cbfntdf @)$%.#.@@ df ldnfkqePsf] 5 . ;f]xL hUuf ljkIfLn] cfkm\gf] gfpFdfbtf{ u/fPsf]n] ;f]pk/sf] ph"/Ldf dfnkf]tsfof{non] t]/f]d]/f]df xsa]xs lg0f{o u/fO{ Nofpg'

egL cbfntdf d'2f k/L ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]cj:yfdf kltsf] k/nf]s e} ljkIfL x[bodl0fn]d'2f ;sf/ u/]sf lyP . lgh x[bodl0fn] lghdfqxsjfnf b]vfO{ bfjL k|dfl0ft ug{ g;Sg] egLcbfntdf lgj]bg u/L d'2f lkmtf{ lnPsfn] d]/f]kltsf] hUufaf6 d]/f] xs hfg] u/L u/]sf] sfo{sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= sf] kl/efiffleq kg]{df z'¿/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] u/Lu/]sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsfn] d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{x]l/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf] o;cbfntdf k/]sf] lgj]bg kq .

o;df afa' cDd/Wjhsf] ljkIfL c+lzof/ePsf] s'/fdf ljjfb gePsf], afa'sf] d[To'kl55f]/f x[borGb|n] c¿ lgj]lbsf;lxtsf ;a} xsbf/g} gb]vfO{ PSn} d'2f ;sf/ u/L c¿sf] xs hfg]u/L sfongfdf u/]sf] / lgh x[borGb\/sf] csf]{efO ;'/]Gb|n] ljkIfL;Fu u/]sf] lng' / lbg'sf]skfnL td; 'ssf ] kl/k | ] Iodf ePsf ]sfongfdftkm{sf] k|df0fsf] ;d]t d"NofÍg gu/LePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] OG;fkmdf k|df0fP]g, @)#! sf] bkmf %$, c=j=^@ g+= sf]JofVofTds q'l6 eO{ km/s kg]{ x'Fbf Gofo k|zf;gP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_-s_ adf]lhd k|:t'td'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg ul/lbPsf] 5eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] k'g/fj]bg;lxtsf]ldl;n cWoog ul/of] . k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L OGb| v/]nn]k'g/fj]bs ;d]tsf] xs hfg] u/L ljkIfLx¿n]ldn]dtf] u/L cbfntaf6 d'2f lkmtf{ lnPsf]sfo{ :ki6 ¿kdf hfn;fhL xf] . z'¿ / k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] bfjL gk'Ug] 7x¥ofPsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ePsfn] pN6L u/L jfbL bfjLadf]lhd ljkIfLx¿n]


452452452452452

hfn;fhL u/]sf] 7x/ x'g'k5{ eGg] ;d]t ax;ug'{eof] .

k |ToyL { tkm {af6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmf >L dft[sfk|;fb lg/f}nfn] x[bodl0fn]lghsf] afa'sf] d[To'kl5 afa'sf] xsdf d'2f;sf/ u/]sf]n] pQm d'2fdf ldnfkq ug]{ jfd'2f lkmtf{ lng] h] ;'s} ug{ kfpg] clwsf/lgh;Fu 5 . d'2f lkmtf{ lngsf] nflu d'2fsf]kIf g} gePsf JolQmsf] klg ;xdlt lng'kg]{x'Fb}g . jfbL klg xsjfnf eP d'2f ;sf/ u/Lcfpg' kg]{ lyof] . cd/Wjh d/L d'2f ;sf/u/L kIf sfod ePsf xsjfnf x[bodl0fn] d'2flkmtf{ ul/kfpFm egL cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPsf]sfo{ sLt]{ sfuhsf] kl/efiffleq gkg]{ x'FbfjfbL bfjL gk'Ug] 7x¥ofPsf] z'¿ / k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf] x'Fbf ;b/ x'g'k5{eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

pQm ax; ;d]tnfO{ ;'gL x]bf{ jfbL bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofPsf] z'¿sf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5 jf 5}g/ jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug] xf] jf xf]OgeGg] lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ klt cd/Wjh/ ljkIfL cd/nfnaLrdf aemfª lhNnf cbfntdfrn]sf] lg0f{o ab/ d'2fdf klt cd/Wjhsf]d[To'kl5 ;f }tfkl6[sf 5f ]/f x \/bod0fLn]cd/nfn;Fu ldn]dtf ]df hfn;fhL u/L@)^).#.$ df lkm/fb bfjL k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lQmgegL cbfntdf lgj]bg lbO{ d'2f lkmtf{ u/]sf]n]d]/f] ;d]t xs hfg] u/L ePsf] ljkIfLx¿sf]pQm sfo{ sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= ljk/Lt ePsfn]ljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;hfo u/L d'2f lkmtf{ lnPsf]sfo{ ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbLsf] d'Vo lkm/fbbfjL /x]sf] kfOG5 .

#= z'¿ lhNnf cbfntn] jfbLsf] bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofO{ km};nf u/]sf]df k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] ;f] km};nf ;b/ u/] pk/ jfbLsf] o;cbfntdf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]/L kfpFm eGg] lgj]bgk/L bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;f k|bfg e} k'g/fj]bgsf]/f]xdf k|:t't d'2f k]z ePsf] b]lvof] .

$= lkm/fb bfjL / k|ltpQ/ lhsL/af6d'2fsf] ljifoj:t' aGg] eO{ ;f]xL ;Ldfdf /xLd'2fsf lg0ff{os k|Zgx¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .c=a+=!## adf]lhd u/fOg] sfuhaf6 yk bfjLul/Psf] /x]5 eg] jf yk k|ltjfb ul/Psf]/x]5 eg] klg tL ;DalGwt lkm/fb / k|ltpQ/eGbf k[ys /x]5g\ eg] o:tf gofF tYo jfdfu jf lhsL/n] d'2fsf] lg0ff{os k|Zg lgwf{/0fug'{kbf{ s'g} sfg"gL dxTj /fVb}g . t;y{ lkm/fbtyf To;sf] k|ltjfb:j¿k k|:t't k|ltpQ/dfplNnlvt ;Gbe{df ;Lldt eO{ cbfntn]cfkm\gf] km};nf lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . b]jfgL / kmf}hbf/Lcnu–cnu ljifo x'g\ eGg] s'/fdf lajfb5}g\ . sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= / !) g+= c+ufnLbfo/ k|:t't lkm/fbdf km};nf ab/, btf{ ab// btf{ xssfod k|s[ltsf b]jfgL dfu ;d]tlnOPsf] kfOG5 . o; lsl;dsf] lkm/fb c=a+=&@ k|lts"n x'G5 . lkm/fb b]jfgL jf kmf}hbf/Ls'g k|s[ltsf] xf] eGg] lgwf{/0f ug'{ kbf{lkm/fbkqn] 6]s]sf sfg"gL cfwf/nfO{ x]g'{kg]{x 'G5 . k|:t't lkm/fb kmf }hbf/L lqmof;Fu;DalGwt sfg"gsf cfwf/df bfo/ ePaf6lkm/fbsf b]jfgL df+u bfjLnfO{ lg/y{s /lgik|of]lht dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . hfn;fhL lqmofaf6xs :yflkt x'Fb}g . hfn;fhL 7x/ ePsf];|f]tn] s;}nfO{ klg xs k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g\ .t/, k|:t't lkm/fbsf] k|s[lt x]bf{ btf{ ab/,btf{ / xssfod ;d]t oxL lkm/fbdf dfu

453453453453453


ul/Psf] ;d]t cj:yfdf oL b]jfgL ljifodfk|j]z gu/L lgisif{df k'Ug ;ls+b}g . t;y{kmf}hbf/L ljifos d'2faf6 jfbLn] bfjLu/]h:tf] b]jfgL pkrf/ lbg sfg"gg\ c;DejePsf] cj:yfdf jfbL bfjL k'Ug] lgisif{ lgsfNgGofof]lrt x'Fb}g .

%= r'gf}tL lbOPsf] ljifo Ps kl/jf/;b:on] d'2f ;sf/ u/L d'2f lkmtf{ lng] sfo{hfn;fhL xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;Gbe{df ;LldteO{ ljrf/ ubf{ kltn] hUuf t]/f]d]/f]df d'2flbPsf] / cbfntdf rln/x]sf] oL lkm/fbLnfO{hfgsf/L 5 . kltsf] b]xfGt @)%*.%.% dfePsf] klg lghs} lkm/fb n]vaf6 b]lvG5 . ;f]d'2f ;sf/ ug]{ ;d]tsf] s'g} ;/f]sf/ oLlkm/fbLn] /fv]sf] kfO{b}g . ;f}t]gL 5f]/fn] ;f]d'2f ;sf/ u/L @)^).#.$ df lkm/fb bfjLk|dfl0ft ug{ ;lSbg egL d'2f lkmtf{ lng] sfo{hfn;fhL eGg] lkm/fb syg 5 . d'2f ;sf/kl/jf/sf] cu'jf eO{ Jojxf/ ug]{ JolQmn] ug]{xf] . d'2f ;sf/ ubf{ cGo kl/jf/ ;b:osf]klg d~h"/L rflxG5 eGg' k|rlnt sfg"g /Jojxf/ k|lts"n x'G5 . s;}n] d'2f ;sf/u/]sf]df cfklQ eP jf cfkm" klg ;l/s x'gkg]{O{R5f eP d'2f ;sf/ ;d]tsf dfWodn] d'2fdf;+nUg x'g ;lsG5 . oL jfbLn] s/Lj b'O{ jif{;f] d'2fdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;/f]sf/ hgfPsf]b]vfpg ;s]sf] kfOb}g . d'2f ;sf/ ug]{sf]x}l;ot kIf ;/x x'g] x'Fbf lghn] d'2f lkmtf{lng ;Sg] g} x'G5 . d'2f lkmtf{ lng] sfo{dfsLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= sf cGt/j:t' ljBdfgePsf] b]vfpg] bfloTj jfbLd} x'G5 . sLt]{sfuhsf # g+=sf cGt/j:t'sf] ljBdfgtfsf]s'g} cfwf/ k|df0f jfbLn] b]vfpg ;s]sf] kfOFb}g\ .lkm/fbdf pNn]v gu/]sf] tyf ldl;ndf ;+nUg

g} gePsf] eO{ c=a+=&* sf] k|lqmofdf g} ckgfpg'kg]{ cj:yf gk/]sf] td;'snfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;flb+bf pNn]v ul/P klg ;f] c;DalGwt lnvtsfcfwf/df Goflos wf/0ff agfpg ldn]g . d'2fdfc=a+=&& adf]lhd ljlwjt k|j]z gkfPsf]lnvtnfO{ c=a+= &* sf] k|lqmof ckgfpg' kb}{g\ ./, c=a+=&* adf]lhd ;b\b] sLt]{df g;'gfOPsf]3/fo;L lnvt ;DalGwt kIfsf lj?4 k|df0fdflng ldNb}g . d'2fdf b]vf kg]{ jf b]vfOg] k|To]slnvt k|df0f x'g ;Sb}gg\ . k|df0f x'g tL 7x/ug'{kg]{ s'/f;Fu ;Da4 x'g'k5{ / d"NoflÍt x'gljlwjt\ k/fhLt x'g'kb{5 . d'2fsf] bfjL k|dfl0ftug{ ;lSbg egL lkmtf{ lng] kIfn] csf]{ kIf;Funfe lnO{ d'2f 5f8]sf] egL d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg]lg:;f lbFbf plNnlvt td;'ssf af/]df glkm/fbdf s'g} pNn]vg 5, g t Tof] lnvtldl;ndf ljlwjt ;+nUg g} u/fOPsf] 5 .o:tf ck|dfl0ft tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntn]lg/f]k0f ug}{ gkfPsf] lnvtnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL;f ] km };nfnfO { q ' l6k "0f { dfGg ldNb }g .k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;DalGwtkm};nfdfly ljrf/ ubf{ Tof] tYo jf k|df0fpQm cbfntn] km};nf ubf{ ldl;n ;+nUglyof] jf lyPg eGg] s'/f x]l/g' kg]{ x'G5 .

^= oL k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf klt cDd/WjhjfbL / cDd/nfn k|ltjfbL eO{ a'emfO lhNnfcbfntdf dfnkf]tdf lg0f{o ab/ d'2f rn]sf]df;f] d'2f sf/jfxLo'Qm cj:yfdf /xFbf jfbLcd/Wjhsf] @)%*.%.% df d[To' ePkl5lghsf] 5f]/f x[bodl0fn] @)%*.^.# df d'2f;sf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgh x[bodl0fn] d'2f;sf/ u/]kZrft pQm d'2fsf] sf/jfxLdf ;fd]n/xL @)^).#.$ df d'2fdf lnPsf] bfjL ;fljtug{ g;Sg] x'Fbf c=a+= (@ g+= adf]lhd d'2f


454454454454454

lkmtf{ ul/kfpFm egL aemfª lhNnf cbfntdflgj]bg lbO{ cbfntaf6 d'2f lkmtf{ x'g] cfb]ze} ;f] d'2fsf] sfdsf/jfxL clGtd eP/ /x]sf]b ]lvG5 . oL jfbLsf] plNnlvt dfnkf]tsfof{nosf] lg0f{o ab/ d'2fdf s'g} k|sf/sf]xs ;Gglglxt /x]sf] eP cfkm\gf] xsdf ;d]td'2f ;sf/ u/L u/fO{ cfkm" klg ;f] d'2fdfkIf sfod x'g ;Sg'kg]{df ;f] s]xL ePsf]b]lvPg . ljkIfL x[bodl0fn] l/tk"j{s cfkmgf]afa'sf] tkm{af6 d'2f ;sf/ u/]sf] eGg] s'/fdfljjfb 5}g . o;/L d'2fdf kIf sfod ePsf]x[bodl0fnfO{ ;f] d'2fdf ldnfkq ug]{ jf d'2fg} lkmtf{ lng] h:tf clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{s'g} sfg"gn] /f]s nufPsf] 5}g . d'2fdf kIfsfod ePsf] JolQmn] cbfntdf d'2f lkmtf{sf]nflu lgj]bg lbO{ d'2f lkmtf{ ePsf] sfo{cfkm}+df hfn;fhL klg x'g ;Qm}g .

&= jfbLn] bfjL lnPs} e/df ;sf/ ug{;Sg] kl/jf/sf ;b:on] d'2f lkmtf{ lnFb}df jfldnfkq ub}{df jf ;f] d'2fdf kIfsf] x}l;otn]s'g} sfo{ ub}{df tL sfo{ hfn;fhL 3f]lift ub}{hfg] xf] eg] kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgf / sfg"gLk|0ffnLnfO{ g} k'gk{l/eflift ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;/L d'2fsf] kIfn] cbfntdf rn]sf] d'2flkmtf{ ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbO{ cbfntaf6sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhd d'2f lkmtf{ x'g] u/L ePsf]sfdsf/jfxL e/kbf{ oy]i6 k|df0fsf] cefjdfhfn;fhL 3f]lift x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf jfbLsf] bfjLk'Ug] cj:yf b]lvPg .

*= t;y{, plNnlvt cfwf/ / sf/0f;d]taf6 jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofPsf]z'¿ aemfª lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf ;b/u/sf ] k 'g/ fj ]bg cbfnt lbkfonsf ]@)^$.!).@( sf] km};nf ldn]sf] b]lvFbf ;b/

x'g] 7x5{ . jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;St}g . bfo/Lsf] nut s6[f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'´fO{ lbg" .


Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)&) ;fn a}zfv !) ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M ljZjgfy e6[/fO{

lg0f{o g+=*(*$ lg0f{o g+=*(*$ lg0f{o g+=*(*$ lg0f{o g+=*(*$ lg0f{o g+=*(*$

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

dfggLo GofofwLz 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{)^&–CI–)^$&

km};nf ldltM @)&).!.#!.#

d'2fM– hfn;fhL .

k'g/fj]bs ÷ k|ltjfbLM bf]nvf lhNnf u}/Ld'bLuf=lj=;= j8f g+= # a:g] zf/bf l3ld/]

lj?4k|ToyL{ ÷ jfbLM sf7df8f}+F lhNnf uf]n9'+uf

uf=lj=;= j8f g+=^ a:g] eujtL km'ofFn;d]t

z'¿ km};nf ug]{M–df=lh=Gof=>L ljgf]bdf]xg cfrfo{

&&&&&

455455455455455

*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ – zf/bf l3ld/] lj=eujtL km'+ofn ;d]t

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{M–df=d'= Gof=>L j}Bgfy pkfWofodf=Gof=>L lbg]zs'df/ sfsL{

§ hfn;fhLsf] s;"/ cfkm\gf] kmfObf /c¿sf] gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] lgotn]u }/sfg "gL sfuhsf ] dfWodaf6JolQmåf/f JolQm lj?4 ul/g] kmf}Hfbf/Lk|s[ltsf] ck/fw ePaf6 hfn;fhLsf]ck/fw :yflkt x'g cfk/flws sfo{ /;f] sfo{ ug]{ cfk/flws dg;fosf] k'li6x 'g }kb {5 . s 'g } klg sfo { :jtMhfn;fhLk"0f{ x'g] xf]Og . hfn;fhL x'gc+z nfUg] ;DklQ laqmL eO{ k|fKt x'g]c+z efudf k|lts"n c;/ k¥of] eGg'dfq kof{Kt gx'g] .

§ kmf}hbf/L ljjfb ck/fw;Fu hf]l8g]ePaf6 stf{sf] dg;fo tTj d"n¿kdfx]l/g'' kb{5 eg] b]jfgL ljjfbsf] h/f];fDklQs / kbLo xs;d]t ufFl;g]ePaf6 sfg"gåf/f ;+/lIft xsdf cf3ftk'Ug' g} kof{Kt x'g] .

§ cfkm\gf] d~h"/L lagf 3/Jojxf/ rnfpgcfkm"v'zL ug{ kfpg] xbeGbf a9L hUuflaqmL ePaf6 kmf}hbf/L sfo{ cyf{t\hfn;fhL eof] eGg] jfbL bfjLsf ;Gbe{dfsLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= sf] kl/lweGbf aflx/hfg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ em"7f s'/fnfO{ ;2] xf] egL lnlvt ¿kd}

sfd ;DkGg u/L csf{nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgLk'¥ofpg' hfn;fhLsf] cfk/flws sfo{xf] . 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg cfkm"v'zL ug{kfpg] xbeGbf a9L laqmL ug'{;Fu em"7f

s'/fnfO{ ;2] egL lnvt ul/Psf] eGggldNg] .

§ bfjLstf{nfO{ k|ToIf xflg gf]S;fgL k'u]sf]5}g, lnvt u/L lng] jf lbg] b'j} jfPs kIfsf] u}/sfg"gL dg;fosf] cefj5 / To:tf lnvt kfl/t ug]{ qmddft];|f] kIfnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg]sk6k"0f{ lgot /fvL sfo{ ePsf] k|df0f5}g eg] To:tf] sfo{ hfn;fhLsf] sfo{x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ ljleGg j}slNks pkrf/sf dfu{x¿

ljBdfg ePsf] cj:yfdf kIfn] cfkm"nfO{;xh kg]{ af6f] cjnDag ug{ g;Sg]eGg] xf]Og, ;'lglZrt pkrf/ ljlwpkef]u ug]{ Dofb JotLt u/L cGo dfu{cjnDag ug'{ x'Fb}g . o:tf] unt dfu{cg'z/0f ug]{ kIfnfO{ cbfntn] d2tug{ g;Sg] .

§ h'g lnvtsf cfwf/df hUuf btf{ ePsf]xf] ;f]xL d"n bfjL btf{ ab/df g} bfjLgk'Ug] egL 7x/ ePsf] km};nf clGtdePsf] l:yltdf pQm lnvt hfn;fhk"j{sv8f ePsf] egL cy{ ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

§ Dofbleq} pko'Qm pkrf/sf] dfu{gckgfO{ lnvt ab/df bfjL ug]{ xbDofbJotLt u/L csf]{ af6f] hfn;fhsf]dfWodaf6 hfn;fhLsf tTjx¿k|s6¿kdf gb]vfO{ lnvt ab/ x'gkg]{b]jfgL tTjsf cfwf/df cfpg sfg"gtMgldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_


456456456456456

k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfåoxl/x/ bfxfn / ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ tyfljåfg clwjQmf /fdaxfb'/ yfkf

k|ToyL{ tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf k"0f{rGb| kf}8]ncjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)^*, c;f/, lg=g+=*%*&,

k[i7 %#&;Da4 sfg"gM§ c+za08fsf] !(-!_ g+=§ sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+=§ n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !) g+=§ hUuf khgLsf] !& g+=

km};nfGof=k|sfz j:tLM Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_-s_-v_ adf]lhd d'2fbf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg eO{ k]z x'g cfPsf]k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/5M–

xh'/a'af nLnfgfysf] Psdfq 5f]/f xfdLlkm/fbLsf klt lktf sflnsfk|;fb km' Fofnx'g'x'G5 . cd/gfy / kbdgfy u/L b'O{ 5f]/ftyf 5f]/Lsf] hGd ePsf]df 5f]/Lx¿sf] ljjfxe};s]sf] 5 . lktf / xfdL ;uf]nd} /x]sf]cj:yfdf @)^#.^.@$ ut] lktfsf] lgwg e}xfn xfdL jfbL tLghgf dfq c+lzof/ 5f}+ .lktfsf] lgwg ePkl5 sfhlqmof ;DkGg u/Lk}t[s ;DklQ :j=lktf klts} gfddf btf{ sfod/x]sf]n] gfd;f/L u/fO{ lng hfFbf klt lktfn]xfd|f] ;d]t c+z xs nfUg] k}t[s 3/hUufxfdLnfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L glbO{ tyf ;fIfL;d]tg/fvL lnvt u/L ljleGg JolQmnfO{ xs 5f8Llbg'ePsf] Joxf]/f @)^#.*.& df lnvtsf] gSsn;f/L yfxf x'g cfPsf]n] lkm/fb u/]sf 5f}+F .

sf7df8f}+F lhNnf, uf]n9'+uf uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^-s_ ls=g+= !)* ;d]t !! lsQf hUuf If]qkmn!^–(–!–) hUuf xh'/a'af ;;'/faf6 xfd|f kltlktfsf] gfddf sfod x'g cfPsf] lyof] . lktfklt 3/sf] d'Vo JolQm ePsf]n] 3/Jojxf/rnfpg lghnfO{ P]gadf]lhd s]xL 5"6 k|fKtx'g] eP klg ;a} hUuf laqmL ug]{ clwsf/5}g . plNnlvt hUufdWo] sf7df8f}+F lhNnfuf]n9'+uf uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^ -ª_ ls=g+= @&If]qkmn $–*–#–), P]= P]= ls=g+= !* If]qkmn)–^–)–) ;d ]t b 'O { @ lsQf hUufhfn;fhLk"j{s /=g+= !&!!$ ldlt @)^!.#.!$sf] lnvtdfkm{t\ klt lktfaf6 k|ltjfbL zf/bfl3ld/]n] xs 5'6fO{ lng' ePsf] x'Fbf pQmlnvtsf] rf/ efusf] tLg efu lnvt hfn;fhL3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lkm/fbkq .

jfbLx¿ / lghx¿sf klt lktfPsf;uf]ndf /xFbf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd /Ltk'¥ofO{ /fhLgfdf kf; ul/lbPsf] hUuf xf] . ljkIfLjfbLx¿sf] klt lktf hLljt /xFbf;Dd ;uf]ndf/x]sf cj:yfdf hUuf laqmL u/L k|fKt /sd;uf]nd} ef]urng u/]sf x'g\ . a'af hLljt/xFbf;Dd s'g} k|sf/sf] d'2f bfo/ gu/L xfnagfj6L d'2f v8f u/L lnvt ab/tkm{ Dofb;dfKt e};s]sf] cj:yfdf sLt]{ sfuhsf] !* g+=adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf] lkm/fb vf/]h ul/kfpmFeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltpQ/ kq .

jfbLdWo]sf kbdgfy km'ofFn pQmlnvt kfl/t ubf{ @! jif{ k"/f gu/]sf] cj:yfdf3/sf d'Vo JolQm Pj+ lghx¿sf afa'n] ;f]lnvt ul/lbPsf] x'Fbf pQm lnvt ubf{ lghkbdgfy km'ofFnsf] c+z xs dfg] { lgot/flvPsf] eGg] lkm/fb bfjL sfg"g;+ut b]lvg

457457457457457

cfPg . To;afx]s jfbLdWo]sf eujtL km'ofFn/ cd/gfy km'ofFn sf/0fL sflnsfk|;fb ;/xsf;dfg c+lzof/ ePsf] eGg] b]lvPsf], t/ lghsflnsfk|;fbn] laqmL u/]sf] ls=g+= !* / @&sf] hUufsf] lnvt ubf{ c¿ hUuf afFsL/fv]sf] eGg] tyf ;f] laqmL u/]sf] k};f /sd;uf]nd} 3/ vr{df k|of]u u/]sf] eGg] b]lvggcfPsf]n] ;f] ;DklQ laqmL ul/Psf] sfo{af6jfbL eujtL km'ofFn / cd/gfy km'ofFnsf]c+z xsdf c;/ k/]sf] x'Fbf /=g+= !&!!$ldlt @)^!.#.!$ sf] kfl/t lnvt jfbLdWo]sfeujtL km'ofFn / cd/gfy km'ofFnsf] xs;Ddsf];f] lnvt sLt] { sfuhsf] dxnsf] # g+=cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ePsf] x'Fbf ldlt @)^!.#.!$df /=g+= !&!!$ af6 kfl/t /fhLgfdf lnvtrf/ efusf] b'O{ efu;Dd hfn;fhL u/]sf]7x5{ eGg] Joxf ]/fsf ] sf7df8f } + F lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.@.@( sf]] km};nf .

z'¿ cbfntn] h'g l;¢fGt u|x0f u/LdnfO{ x/fPsf] 5 tL l;¢fGt hfn;fhL d'2fdfcfslif{t x'g ;Sb}gg\ . b]jfgL d'2fdf jfbLsf]xsa]xssf] ;DaGwdf pNn]v u/]sf] l;¢fGtn]hfn;fhL d'2fdf k|ltjfbLn] s;"/ u/]sf] xf]jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf v08g jf ;dy{g ug{;lsFb}g . c+za08fsf] !( g+= n] 3/Jojxf/rnfpgsf] nflu dfq 5"6 lbPsf] cj:Yffdfd]/f] lktf sflnsfk|;fbn] lkm/fbdf plNnlvthUuf laqmL u/L 3/Jojxf/ rnfPsf] eGg]Joxf]/f :yflkt ePsf] b]lvFb}g egL :jo+ o;}km};nfdf af]lnPsf] l:ylt ;d]taf6 ls=g+=!* / @& sf] hUufx¿ laqmL u/L 3/Jojxf/rnfpg vr{ u/]sf] geO{ pQm k}t[s hUuflaqmL u/L ;f]af6 k|fKt ¿k}of cfkm"v'zL vr{u/]sf] k'li6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; ;DaGwdf

lktf sflnsfk|;fbnfO{ c+za08fsf] !(-!_ g+=sf] ;'ljwf k|fKt x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf /=g+= !&!!$ldlt @)^!.#.!$ sf] lnvt d]/f] xsdf ;d]thfn;fhL 7x/ x'g'kg]{df hfn;fhL 7x/ gePsf]xb;Dd km};nf pN6L u/L lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhdu/L Gofo kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] jfbL kbdgfykm'ofFnsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= adf]lhd d}n]hfn;fhLsf] s;"/ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g;Sg]cj:yf 5}g . ljjflbt hUuf ljkIfL jfbLx¿sf]c+z xs /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] s'/f dnfO{ yfxfhfgsf/L x'g] s'/f x'Fb}g . To;} u/L ljjflbthUuf d]/f bftfn] dnfO{ /fhLgfdf lbg'eGbfklxn] ljkIfL jfbLx¿sf] d~h"/L lng'kg]{ jfgkg]{ s'/f;d]t dnfO{ yfxf x'g] s'/f xf]Og .d~h"/L glnO{ xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] eGg] k|Zgbftfx¿sf] d[To'kZrft\ cfs[i6 x'g ;Sb}g .jfbLx¿ / bftf sflnsfk|;fb Psf;uf]ndf/xFbf g} sflnsfk|;fbsf] d[To' ePsf] s'/flkm/fbdf pNn]v u/]sf] x'Fbf pQm hUuf laqmLaf6k|fKt /sd 3/vr{ kl/jf/sf] kfng kf]if0fdfvr{ u/]sf] s'/fdf låljwf 5}g . 3/vr{ ug{laqmL u/]sf] To:tf] sfo{ hfn;fhL x'g;Sb}g . sflnsfk|;fbn] ls=g+= @& / !*laqmL u/L sflnsfk|;fbsf] @)^#.^.@$ dfd[To' ePkZrft\ eujtL km'ofFnn] cfkm\gf]gfpFdf @)^#.&.@& ls=g+= **, !%^, &),@) / @% sf hUufx¿ gfd;f/L ul/lnPsf]s'/f n'sfO{ cbfnt k|j]z u/]sf ] ;d]tb]lvPsf] x'Fbf z'¿ km};nf pN6L u/L GofoOG;fkm kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL zf/bfl3ld/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .



458458458458458

o;df nufpsf] b]=k'=g+= @!*# sf] btf{ab/;d]t d'2fdf emul8of lemsfpg] cfb]zePsf]n] k|:t't d'2f pQm d'2f;Fu ;DalGwtb]lvF+bf o; d'2fdf ;d]t 5nkmnsf lglDt k|ToyL{lemsfO{ cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)^%.!@.!) sf] cfb]z .

3/sf] d'Vo lktfn] 3/Jojxf/ rnfpgcrn ;DklQ rnfpg k¥of] eg] @! jif{ k'u]sf]kTgL 5f]/f / ljwjf a'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L lng'kg]{Joj:yf c+za08fsf] !(-!_ g+= n] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .jfbLx¿sf] gfddf hUuf g} geO{ ;a} hUuflaqmL u/]sf] egL jfbL bfjL g} em"7f ePsf],;kmf xft lnO{ cbfnt k|j]z gu/]sf] / cfwLeGbfsd ;DklQdfq cfkm"v'z u/]sf]n] hfn;fhL7x/ x'g gkg]{ eGg] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf]lhsL/tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ of] olt sf/0fn] cfwLeGbfa9L ;DklQ xs 5f8]sf] 5}g egL s'g} lx;fak'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] b]vfpg ;s]sf] kfOPg .eujtL km'ofFnsf] gfddf ls=g+= **, !%^,&), @) / %@ kfFr lsQf hUuf ePsf] hUufwgLk|df0fk"hf{sf] 5fofk|lt / l;h{gf km'ofFnsf] gfdsf]ls=g+= $# / $% sf] nfnk"hf{sf] 5fofFk|ltk'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLaf6 k]z ePsf]tkm{ ljrf/ubf{ l;h{gf km'ofFn sflnsfk|;fb km'ofFnsf]ljjflxtf 5f]/L ePsf] eGg] jfbL egfO{nfO{k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] cGoyf eGg ;s]sf] kfOPg .ljjfx eO{ uO{ ;s]sL 5f]/Lsf] gfddf /x]sf];DklQnfO{ ;uf]nsf] ;DklQ eGg ldn]g .eujtLsf] gfddf /x]sf] ls=g+= ** nufotsfkfFr lsQf hUufsf] ;a} If]qkmn hf]8\bf klg #–#–@ x'g] x'Fbf sflnsfn] xs 5f]8L lbPsf] hUufx¿lgs} a9L b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/;Fu;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

kbdgfysf] c+z xs hlt hfn;fh3f]lift gePpk/ k/]sf] jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ kbdgfyn] lkm/fb bfo/ubf{ cfkm}Fn] cfkm\gf] pd]/ @) jif{ egL pNn]vu/]sf] b]lvG5 . 3/sf] d'Vo lktfn] 3/ Jojxf/rnfpg cfwLeGbf a9L crn ;DklQ rnfpgkbf{ @! jif{ k'u]sf] 5f]/Lsf] d~h"/L lng'kg]{c+z08fsf] !(-!_ g+= n] sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf]t/ @! jif{eGbf d'lg @) jif{sf] 5f]/f;Fu d~h"/Llng'kg]{ jfWotf s'g} sfg"gn] gu/]sf] x'Fbfkbdgfysf] xsdf hfn;fhL 7x/ gu/]sf] z'¿sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.@.@(sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'G5 eGg] Joxf]/fsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^^.*.! sf]km};nf .

jfbL tyf jfbLsf afa' Psf;uf]ndf g}/x]sf cj:yf lnvt kfl/t ePsf] / afa'sf]hLjgsfndf ljjfb gu/L afa'sf ] ldlt@)^#.^.@$ df d[To' ePkl5 d'2f bfo/ ul/Psf]5 . jfbLx¿sf afa'sf] tyf jfbLx¿sf] s'g}cfo;|f]t gePsf], afa' cfdf, b'O{ 5f]/f / rf/5f]/L u/L cf7hgfsf] kl/jf/ ePsf] pQmkl/jf/sf] nfngkfng, 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lzIffbLIff/ ljjfx, bfgnufotsf sfo{ lagfcfo;|f]t ;Dej5}g . cGo s'g} cfo;|f]t gePsf]n] 3/ Jojxf/rnfpg] jfbLsf afj'n] hUuf laqmL u/]sf x'g\ .jfbLsf afa'n] hUuf laqmL ubf{ cfwf ;DklQeGbfa9L laqmL u/]sf 5}gg\ . 3/Jojxf/ rnfpgc+za08fsf] !( -!_ g+= n] jfbLsf afa' :jtGq5g\ . pQm s'/fdf oL jfbLx¿sf] bfjL k'Ug]xf]Og . sf7df8fF}+ lhNnf uf]n9'+uf uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ^-ª_ sf] ls=g+= !* / @& sf] hUufb]vfO{ cGoqsf] ls=g+= $# / $% sf] hUufldlt @)%(.!@.!@ df kfl/t ul/lbPsf]n]

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em'SofO{ kfl/t ul/lbPsf] hUuf ;uf]nsL 5f]/Ll;h{gf km'ofFnnfO{ lkmtf{ u/L ls=g+= !* / @&sf] hUuf d}n] @)^!.#.!$ df /=g+= !&!!$af6 hUuf kfl/t ul/lnPsL x'F . d}n] klxnflnvt kfl/t ul/lnFbf eujtL km'ofFn ;fIfLa;]sL l5g\ . ;uf]ndf /xFbf 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg]k|of]hgn] laqmL u/]sf]df n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !)g+= sf] Dofb JotLt ePkl5 sLt]{ sfuhsf] !*g+= 6]sL cbfnt k|j]z u/]sf] sfo{ n]gb]gJojxf/sf] !), c+za08fsf] !(-!_ / sLt]{sfuhtsf] !* g+= ljk/Lt 5 . pQm sfg"gLk|fjwfgljk/Lt bfo/ ePsf] bfjLdf k|j]z u/Lhfn;fh x'g] 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf, !@-!_-s_ -v_ adf]lhd d'2fbf]xf]¥ofO{ x]/L kfpFm eGg] k|ltjfbLsf] o;cbfntdf kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bg kq .

o;df lbg] l;h{gf km'ofFn / lng] honIdL>]i7 ePsf] @)^!.!).@* sf] /fhLgfdfsf] lnvtdfC0fLsf] Psf3/sf] afa' egL bftfsf] lktfsflnsfk|;fb ;fIfL a;]sf] b]lvFbf To;avt 5f]/Ll;h{gf ;d]t Psf;uf]ndf /x]]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfof] .Psf;uf]ndf /x]sL 5f]/Ln] a]rlavg u/]sf];DklQnfO{ d"n ;DklQaf6 afx]s u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] OG;fkmdf d'nsL P]g, c+za08fsf] dxnsf]!(-!_ sf] JofVofTds / c=a+= !*$ s, k|df0fP]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # / %$ cg';f/ k|df0fd"NofÍgsf] q'l6sf ;fy} o; cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g @)^#, jif{ !%, cÍ @),k"0ff{Í #%), k[i7 !^ df k|ltkflbt l;¢fGt;d]tk|lts"n b]lvFbf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf!@-!_-s_ -v_ adf]lhd k|:t't d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{lg:;f k|bfg ul/lbPsf] 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.(.( sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'td'2fdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] tkm{af6 ljåfgjl/i7 clwjQmfåo >L xl/x/ bfxfn / >Lab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ tyf ljåfg clwjQmf >L/fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] ;uf]nsf c+lzof/n] hUuf laqmLu/]sf] tYodf jfbLx¿n] ;dodf yfxf kfO{ lnvtab/df gfn]; ul/Psf] 5}g . t/, lnvt ab/tkm{bfjL ug]{ Dofb JotLt ePkl5 hfn;fhLtkm{bfjL ul/of] . btf{ ab/ d'2fdf km/s s'/f af]lnPsf]5 . To;n] hfn;fhdf k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . btf{ab/df bfjL k'Ub}g elgof] . t/, hfn;fhdfbfjL 7x/ ul/Psf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfcfkm}Fdf lj/f]wfefif 5 . btf{ ab/df bfjL gk'u]kl5s;/L hfn;fh x'g ;Sb5 . btf{ ab/ d'2fn]lnvtnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf lbO{ ;s]kl5 ;f]xLljjfbdf hfn;fh 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf] gx'Fbf k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf pN6L x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

k|ToyL{ jfbLx¿sf] tkm{af6 ljåfgclwjQmf >L k"0f{rGb| kf}8]nn] k|ltjfbLx¿n]l;h{gf km'ofFnnfO{ hUuf lkmtf{ u/]sf] geO{/fhLgfdf lnvt kfl/t ul/lbPsf] xf] . btf{ ab/d'2fdf jfbLx¿sf] xs} gk'u]sf] eGg] pNn]v geO{csf]{ d'2faf6 OG;fkm kfpg] egL af]lnPsf] x'Fbfhfn;fhL d'2faf6 jfbLx¿sf] xs :yflkt ePsf]xf] . lnvt hf;nfh x'Fbf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf ;b/ x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ax;k|:t't ug'{eof] .

b'j}tkm{sf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n]k|:t't ug'{ePsf] ax;;d]t ;'gL ldl;n cWoogu/L x]bf{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nfldn]sf] 5 5}g ;f]xL ljifodf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{b]lvg cfof] .



460460460460460

o;df klt lktf sflnsfk|;fb km'ofFnn]@)^!.#.!$ df /=g+= !&!!$ af6 cfkm"v'z ug{kfpg]eGbf a9L hUuf k|ltjfbL zf/bf l3ld/]nfO{laqmL u/L hfn;fh u/]sf] x'Fbf rf/ efusf] tLgefu hfn;fhL 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbL bfjLePsf]df jfbLdWo] kbdgfy km'ofFn lnvt x'Fbf@! jif{ gk'u]sf] x'Fbf lghsf] xsdf jfbL bfjLgk'Ug] / cGo jfbL eujtL km'ofFn / cd/gfykm'ofFnsf] xsdf rf/ efusf] b'O{ efu lnvthfn;fhL 7x/ u/]sf] z'¿ sf7df8fF}F lhNnfcbfntsf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] km};nfpk/ k|ltjfbLsf] tkm{af6 d'2fbf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpg lgj]bg k/L lg:;f k|bfg eO{lg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] kfOof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ klt lktfsflnsfk|;fb km'ofFn 3/sf] d'Vo ePsf] / d'Vosf]gftfn] 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg lghnfO{ s]xL ;DklQcfkm"v'z ug{ kfpg] eP klg ;f] xbeGbf a9Lls=g+= @& / !* sf] hUuf hfn;fhk"j{s k|ltjfbLzf/bf l3ld/]nfO{ ldlt @)^!.#.!$ df /=g+=!&!!$ sf] lnvtaf6 xs x:tfGt/0f ul/lbPsf]cfkm\gf] xs hlt hfn;fh 7x/ x'g'kg]{ eGg]jfbL bfjL /x]sf] b]lvof] . pQm bfjLnfO{ OGsf/ub}{ c+za08fsf] !( -!_ g+= adf]lhd cfwf ;DklQ3/ Jojxf/ rnfpg cfkm"v'z ug{ kfpg] xsjfbLx¿sf klt lktfdf /x]sf] / ;f] xbeGbf a9LhUuf lghn] laqmL gu/]sf] Pj+ jfbL eujtLkm'ofFn;d]t ;fIfL a;L lnvt kf; ubf{ ls=g+=!* / @& sf] hUuf b]vfO{ cGoqsf] ls=g+= $# /$% sf] hUuf ldlt @)%(.!@.!@ df kfl/tul/lbPsf]n] pQm ls=g+=sf hUuf ;uf]nsL 5f]/Ll;h{gf km'ofFnnfO{ g} lnvt u/L lkmtf{ lbO{;f]sf] ;§fdf ls= g+=!* / @& cfkm"n] kfl/tul/lnPsf] xf] . ;uf]nsf] Jojxf/df n]gb]g

Jojxf/sf] !) g+=sf] Dofb JotLt ePkl5 sLt]{sfuhsf] !* g+= sf] ;xf/f lnO{ ;2] lnvtnfO{hfn;fhsf] ;+1f lbO{ ul/Psf] bfjL pQm sfg"gLk|fjwfgljk/Lt 5 eGg] k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ Pa+k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf] kfOof] .

#= 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg] k|of]hgsf] nflusflnsfk|;fbnfO{ 3/sf] d'Vo JolQmsf] ¿kdfjfbLx¿n] :jLsf/ u/]af6 3/sf] d'Vodf ljjfbePg . t/ lgh} jfbLx¿sf klt lktfn] k|ltjfbLzf/bf l3ld/]nfO{ ldlt @)^!.#.!$ df /=g+= !&!!$af6 kfl/t ul/lbPsf] lnvt hfn;fh xf] eGg]bfjL 5 . ca, pQm lnvt hfn;fh xf], xf]OgoxL ljjflbt ljifosf] lg/f]k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

$= hfn;fhLsf] s;"/ cfkm\gf] kmfObf/ c¿sf] gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] lgotn] u}/sfg"gLsfuhsf] dfWodaf6 JolQmåf/f JolQm lj?4ul/g] kmf}Hfbf/L k|s[ltsf] ck/fw ePaf6hfn;fhLsf] ck/fw :yflkt x'g cfk/flwssfo{ / ;f] sfo{ ug]{ cfk/flws dg;fosf]k ' li6 x 'g } kb{5 . s'g } klg sfo{ :jtMhfn;fhLk"0f{ x'g] xf]Og . hfn;fhL x'g c+znfUg] ;DklQ laqmL eO{ k|fKt x'g] c+z efudfk|lts"n c;/ k¥of] eGg' dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g .kmf}hbf/L d'2fnfO{ kmf}hbf/L d'2f lg/f]k0f ul/g]cfvfFn] x]l/g'kb{5 kmf}hbf/L sfo{df cfk/flwstTjsf] clgjfo{ ljBdfgtf cfjZos x'G5 .b]jfgL d'2fdf eg] s;}sf] klg xssf] ;+/If0fsf]k|Zg ;fGble{s x'G5 . kmf}hbf/L / b]jfgL d'2fsf]k|s[lt / ltgsf] lgSof] {n ljlwdf lgtfGtk[ystf x'G5 . kmf}hbf/L ljjfb ck/fw;Fuhf]l8g] ePaf6 stf{sf] dg;fo tTj d"n¿kdfx]l/g'' kb{5 egL b]jfgL ljjfbsf] h/f] ;fDklQs/ kbLo xs ;d]t ufFl;g] ePaf6 sfg"gåf/f;+/lIft xsdf cf3ft k'Ug g} kof{Kt x'g

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k'Ub5 . cfkm\gf] d~h"/Llagf 3/Jojxf/ rnfpgcfkm"v'zL ug{ kfpg] xbeGbf a9L hUuf laqmLePaf6 kmf}hbf/L sfo{ cyf{t\ hfn;fhL eof]eGg] jfbL bfjLsf ;Gbe{df sLt]{ sfuhsf] #g+= sf] kl/lweGbf aflx/ hfg ldNb}g . o;dfklg ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ jf lnvtnfO{ hfn;fhLgegL rf/ efusf] tLg efu v08 hfn;fhL7x¥ofO{ kfpg] dfu ul/Psf] 5 . rf/ v08sf]tLg v08 lnvt hfn;fhL eGgnfO{ cfkm"n]k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] c+z efunfO{ cfwf/ dflgPsf]5 . ;DklQsf] c+z efu ljz'4 b]jfgL ljifoxf] . lkm/fb b]jfgL cfwf/ lnO{ kmf}hbf/L df+uub}{ bfo/ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df kmf}hbf/LljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+=ljZn]if0f oxfF cfjZos ePsf] 5 .

%= s] s:tf] sfo{ hfn;fhLsf] s;"/ x'g]eGg] ;DaGwdf sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= df pNn]v 5 .pQm sfg"gL k|fjwfgcg';f/ æcsf{sf] xs d]6\g]xbDofb tfl/v hfg] jf s'g} t/x;Fu gf]S;fg kfg]{OToflb h'g;'s} dtnjn] xf];\ gu/] gePsf] em"7fs'/f u/] ePsf] xf] egL jf ldlt cÍ jf Joxf]/fkm/s kf/L ;xL5fk u/L u/fO{ sfuh agfO{ jfagfpg nufPdf ;d]t hfn;fhL u/]sf] 7x5{ÆeGg] pNn]v 5 . pQm k|fjwfgcg';f/ hfn;fhLsf]lqmof x'g lgDg tTj b]lvg' cfjZos 5 M

-s_ gu/] gePsf] em"7f s'/f eP u/]sf] xf] egLsfuhsf dfWodaf6 sfd ;DkGg ug'{,

-v_ Ps jf PseGbf a9L JolQmsf] ldn]dtf]dfcsf{sf] xflg k'Ug] tl/sfaf6 sfo{ ;DkGgug'{,

-u_ csf{sf] xs d]6\g], xbDofb tfl/v hfg] jfc¿ s'g} lsl;dsf] gf]S;fgL kfg]{ sfo{;DkGg ug'{,

-3_ em'Sofgdf kf/L cfkm"nfO{ kmfObf x'g]lsl;dn] sfd ug'{ .

^= pk/f]Qm tTjx¿df Wofg s]lGb|tu/L x]bf{ em"7f s'/fnfO{ ;2] xf] egL lnlvt¿kd} sfd ;DkGg u/L csf{nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgLk'¥ofpg' hfn;fhLsf] cfk/flws sfo{ xf] . o;sf]tfTko{ 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg cfkm"v'zL ug{ kfpg]xb eGbf a9L laqmL ug'{;Fu em"7f s'/fnfO{ ;2]egL lnvt ul/Psf] eGg ldNb}g . o;} u/Lc¿sf] clwsf/df c;/ k5{ eGg] hfgLhfgL jfc;/ k'¥ofpg] lgot /fvL To:tf] sfo{ ug'{hfn;fhL ] ck/fwsf ] dg;fo tTj xf ] .jfbLx¿nfO{ gf]S;fg kfg]{ lgot s] lyof] k|df0fk'¥ofpg kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] lgotsf ljifodflkm/fb df}g 5 . olb dfq xf]Og ;Dk"0f{ldl;naf6 bftfsf] To:tf] lgot b]lvFb}g . oLb'j} tTjsf] ljBdfgtfsf] cefj 5 eg] ;f] sfo{hfn;fhL x'g ;Sb}g . bfjLstf{nfO{ k|ToIf xflggf]S;fgL k'u]sf] 5}g, lnvt u/L lng] jf lbg]b'j} jf Ps kIfsf] u}/sfg"gL dg;fosf] cefj5 / To:tf lnvt kfl/t ug]{ qmddf t];|f]kIfnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] sk6k"0f{ lgot/fvL sfo{ ePsf] k|df0f 5}g eg] To:tf] sfo{hfn;fhLsf] sfo{ x'g ;Sb}g . k|:t't ljjfbdfjfbLx¿n] sflnsfk|;fbnfO{ 3/sf] d'Vosf] ¿kdf:jLsf/ u/]sf] l:ylt 5 3/Jojxf/ rnfpgc+za08fsf] !(-!_ n] cfwL crn ;DklQ laqmLug{ oL jfbLx¿sf] dGh"/L lnO/xg' kg] {cfjZostf g/x]sf] :jLsf/f]lQm 5 jfbLx¿n]sflnsfk|;fbnfO{ 3/sf] d'Vosf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ug'{ t/ ToxL afa'n] 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg u/]sf]Jojxf/nfO{ csf/0f hfn;fh egL r'gf}tL lbgldNg] x'Fb}g .



462462462462462

&= ldlt @)^!.#.!$ sf] /=g+= !&!!$af6 kfl/t lnvtnfO{ hfn;fhL tyf ;f] lnvtsfcfwf/df ePsf] btf{nfO{ btf{ ab/df 5'§f–5'§}bfjL lnO{ lkm/fb bfo/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljleGgj}slNks pkrf/sf dfu{x¿ ljBdfg ePsf]cj:yfdf kIfn] cfkm"nfO{ ;xh kg]{ af6f] cjnDagug{ g;Sg] eGg] xf]Og t/, ;'lglZrt pkrf/ljlw pkef]u ug]{ Dofb JotLt u/L cGo dfu{cjnDag ug'{ x'Fb}g . o:tf] unt dfu{ cg'z/0fug]{ kIfnfO{ cbfntn] d2t ug{ ;Sb}g . jfbLn]n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !) g+= adf]lhd lnvt ab/dfbfjL gu/L hUuf khgLsf] !& g+= / hUuf ldRg]sf]!* g+= sf] ;xf/f lnO{ ls=g+= !* / @& sf]hUufsf] ljifodf btf{ ab/sf] bfjL ub}{ o;hfn;fhL;Fu} csf]{ btf{ ab/ d'2f u/]sf] l:ylt5 . ;f] d'2fdf ;uf]nsf] ;DklQ laqmL u/]sf]dfn]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !) g+= adf]lhd bfjL ug'{kg]{df;f]sf] xbDofb ;lsPkl5 ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{5nL hUuf khgLsf] !& g+= / hUuf ldRg]sf] !*g+= sf] xbDofb 6]sL bfo/ u/]sf] lkm/fbdf s'g}ljrf/ ug'{ gkg]{ egL nufpsf b]=k'=g+=()#÷@!*#/ ()$÷@!*$ sf btf{ ab/ d'2fx¿df k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, kf6gaf6 ldlt @)^^.*.! df ePsf]km};nf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;f;d]t glbO{ clGtd eP/ /x]sf 5g\ . pQmkm};nfaf6 b]jfgL d'2fsf] hl/ofaf6 jfbLsf] xs:yflkt x'g g;s]sf] tYo :yflkt 5 . h'g lnvtsfcfwf/df hUuf btf{ ePsf] xf] ;f]xL d"n bfjL btf{ab/df g} bfjL gk'Ug] egL 7x/ ePsf] km};nfclGtd ePsf] l:yltdf pQm lnvt hfn;fhk"j{sv8f ePsf] egL cy{ ug{ ldNb}g .

*= oxfF jfbLx¿n] cfkm\gf] jf afa'sf]Jofkf/, Joj;fo jf cGo s'g} k]zf jf /f]huf/ePsf] / ;f] cfDbfgLaf6 ;xh ¿kn] 3/ Jojxf/

rn]sf] egL bfjL ug{ ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . cf7hgfsf]kl/jf/df rf/hgf 5f]/Lx¿sf] ljjfx ePsf] egLjfbL n]v ePaf6 tL 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] kfngkf]if0f,cWoognufotsf 3/Jojxf/sf ljjfxbfg sfo{tyf jfbLx¿sf klt lktf ladf/L eO{ cf}ifwf]krf/ubf{ub}{ d[To' ePsf] cj:yf;d]t /x]sf] l:ylt klgldl;n ;+nUg cf}ifwf]krf/ u/fOPsf c:ktfn;d]tsf sfuhaf6 b]lvG5 . ;uf]ndf /xFbf;DklQsf] oL jfbLx¿n] ;d]t e/k"/ pkof]u u/Lnfe xfl;n u/]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . o:tf]l:yltdf lnvt ubf{ cfkm\gf] d~h"/L lnOPg jfd~h"/L lyPg egL bfjL ug'{sf] s'g} cf}lrTotfb]lvb}g . o;} ;Gbe{df, æ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f u/]/s'g} kfl/jfl/s bfloTj k"/f ul/Psf] h:tf s'/fk|df0faf6 k'li6 x'G5 eg] klg o:tf sfo{nfO{d~h"/L g} dfGg'kg]{ eO{ lnvt ab/ ug'{kg]{ cf}lrTosf]k'li6 gx'g]Æ -g]sfk @)^*, c;f/, lg=g+=*%*&,k[i7 %#& _ egL l;¢fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 .k|:t't ljjfbdf klg jfbLx¿n] cfkm\gf kltlktf;Fu ;uf]ndf g} /xL c+za08fsf] !(-!_ sf];Ldfleq /xL afa'n] laqmL u/]sf] hUufaf6 k|fKt/sd e/k"/ pkef]u u/]sf / afa'n] klg kfl/jfl/sbfloTj k"/f u/]sf] xf]Og eGg] tYo jfbLx¿af6k|df0f lbOPsf] sf/0f hgfPsf] k|dfl0ft gx'Fbf pQml;¢fGt k|:t't ljjfbdf cfslif{t x'g] g} b]lvG5 .cfkm\gf] d~h"/L glnO{ kfl/t ul/Psf] lnvthfn;fh 3f]lift x'g'kg]{ eGg] jfbL bfjL o; sf/0faf6;d]t dgfl;a b]lvPg .

(= ldlt @)^!.#.!$ df /=g+= !&!!$af6 ls=g+=!* / @& sf] hUuf sflnsfk|;fbkm'ofFnn] zf/bf l3ld/]nfO{ xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]pQm hUuf lghn] hoGtLb]jL u'¿ª;d]t kfFrhgfnfO{ ldlt @)^@.$.#) df / lghx¿n] klgpQm hUufdWo] ls=g+=!* sf] hUuf ldlt

463463463463463

@)^@.%.!# df l8NnLk|;fb km'ofFnnfO{ xsx:tfGt/0f u/]sf] nufpsf d'2fx¿ ;d]taf6b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLx¿sf bftf tyf k/bftfsflnsfk|;fb ladf/L eO{ pkrf/s} qmddf ldlt@)^#.^.@$ df d[To' ePkl5 pQm lnvtx¿sf]gSsn ldlt @)^#.*.& df lnPsf] egL hfn;fh/ btf{ ab/tkm{ ldlt @)^#.(.!& df lkm/fbu/]sf] b]lvG5 .

!)= jfbLx¿ cfkm\gf klt lktf;Fu;uf]ndf /x]sf] cj:yfdf g} d"n lnvt ldlt@)^!.#.!$ df kfl/t ePsf]df n]gb]g Jojxf/sf]!) g+= adf]lhd bfjL ug]{ xbDofb JotLt ePkl5nfUg} g;Sg] csf]{ sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ;xf/f lnPsf]eGg] s'/f btf{ ab/ d'2fdf clGtd ePsf]km};nfaf6 :ki6 5 . csf]{tkm{ Dofbleq} pko'Qmpkrf/sf] dfu{ gckgfO{ pQm lnvt ab/dfbfjL ug]{ xbDofb JotLt u/L csf]{ af6f]hfn;fhsf] dfWodaf6 hfn;fhLsf tTjx¿k|s6¿kdf gb]vfO{ lnvt ab/ x'gkg]{ b]jfgLtTjsf cfwf/df cfpg sfg"gtM ldNg] b]lvFb}g .

!!= klt lktf sflnsfk|;fb hLljt/xFbf Psdfq kTgL oL jfbL / b'O{dfq 5f]/f oLjfbLsf] xs dfg{ hfn;fhLh:tf] h3Go st"{tug'{kgf{sf sf/0f lkm/fbdf v'nfpg ;s]sf] cj:yf5}g . lnvt ubf{ lng]lbg]df s'g} ab\lgotgb]lvPaf6 ldlt @)^!.#.!$ sf] /=g+= !&!!$sf] lnvtnfO{ hfn;fhLk"j{s v8f ePsf] eGgldn]g . k|:t't bfjL sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= n]jl0f{t sfg"gL Joj:yfadf]lhdsf] hfn;fhLsf]sfo{ eP u/]sf] gb]lvFbf ldlt @)^!.#.!$ sf]/=g+= !&!!$ sf] lnvt rf/ efusf] b'O{ efuhfn;fh 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf]km};nf ldn]sf] b]lvg cfPg .

!@= ctM dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/ k|df0faf6sflnsfk|;fb km'ofFnn] k|ltjfbL zf/bf l3ld/]nfO{ldlt @)^!.#.!$ df /=g+= !&!!$ af6 kfl/tu/L lbPsf] sf7df8f}+F lhNnf uf]n9'+uf uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ^-ª_ ls=g+= !* sf] h=/f]= )–^–)–)ls=g+= @& sf] h=/f]= $–*–#–) sf] /fhLgfdfsf]lnvtsf] rf/ efusf] b'O{ efu lnvt hfn;fh7x/ u/]sf] sf7df8f}+F lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)^%.@.@( sf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^^.*.! sf] km};nfldn]sf] gb]lvFbf pN6L x'G5 . pQm ldlt@)^!.#.!$ sf] /=g+= !&!!$ sf] kfl/t /fhLgfdflnvt hfn;fh 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbL bfjLgk'Ug] 7x5{ . c¿df tk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

tk;Ln

dfly OG;fkm v08df n]lvPadf]lhdk'g/fj]]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^^.*.! sf]km};nf pN6L eO{ jfbL bfjL gk'Ug] 7x/L km};nfePsf] x'Fbf z'¿ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nfsf] tkl;n v08sf] k|s/0f @ df sfodu/]sf] nutadf]lhdsf] sfo{ ug'{ gkg]{ x'Fbf ;f]sf]hfgsf/L z'¿ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntdf n]vLk7fO{ lbg" ==== !

k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/Lldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" =========@

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .Gof=1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)&) ;fn a}zfv #! ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM– bLks 9sfn

&&&&&



464464464464464

lg0f{o g+=*(*% lg0f{o g+=*(*% lg0f{o g+=*(*% lg0f{o g+=*(*% lg0f{o g+=*(*%

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L a}Bgfy pkfWofo

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§@)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )^%–CI–)^#@

km};nf ldltM @)&).!.*.!

d'2fM– btf{ gfd;f/L xs sfod;d]t .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM eQmk'/ lhNnf, dWok'/ l7dLgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# a:g] lzjz+s/l;gf/L >]i7sf] d'=;=ug]{ lghsL >LdtLt]hnIdL l;gf/L >]i7

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM P]=P]=a:g] 1fgnfn l;gf/L >]i7

;d]t

z'¿ km};nf ug{] M–df=Gof=>L kbd/fh e§

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{M–df=Gof=>L xl/axfb'/ a:g]tdf=Gof=>L dL/f v8\sf

§ tNnf] lgsfoaf6 ;a"b k|df0f g} ga'emLOG;fkm x'g uPdf k'gM lg0f{ofy{ lhNnfcbfnt k7fpFbf cgfxs d'2fdf l9nfO{eO{ kIf ljkIfnfO{ cgfjZos x}/fgLgxf];\ eGg] x]t'n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6;a"b k|df0f a'emL OG;fkm x'g ;Sg] . t/lhNnf cbfntaf6 OG;fkm glbO{ vf/]hLkm};nf ePsf]df k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6

7x/ OG;fkm km};nf x'Fbf k'g/fj]bg jfk'g/fj]bssf] Gofok|flKtsf] k|of;sf] Pstx x/0f x'g hfg] .

§ z'¿af6 vf/]hL km};nf ePsf]df ;a"bk|df0f a'emL lg0f{ofy{ z'¿ txdf k7fpg'Gofof]lrt g} x'g] .

§ k'g/fj]bg ;'gL oyf]lrt lg0f{o ug{ kfpg]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] clwsf/df s'g}sfg"gn] s'g} cj:yfdf jf s'g} k|lqmofk'¥ofpg'kg] {df jf ;'g'jfOdf /f ]sgnufP;Dd k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6k'g/fj]bg ;'gL ;b/ ab/ jf pN6L ug{;Sg] .

§ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;a"b k|df0fsf]d"NofÍg u/L /}s/ ljtf{ 5'6\ofO{ lg0f{oOG;fkm gePsfn] vf/]hL km};nf ePsf]df;a"b k|df0f a'emL lg0f{o ug{ k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] lhNnf cbfntdf k7fpg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_

k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmf xl/s[i0f sfo:y

k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6McjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ c=j+=@)@, @)( g+=§ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf *-!_

cfb]zGof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoM Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf (-!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)^%.!!.$ ut]sf] km};nfpk/jfbLsf] tk{maf6 o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg k/L

465465465465465

lg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKttYo / 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M –

lktf z]ifgf/fg @)$).#.!) df k/nf]se} lktfsf] xsvfg] dftf lty{dfof / d lkm/fbL@ hgfdfq 5f}+ . ljkIfLx¿sf afh] Pj+ a"9f];;'/f b]jgf/fgsf] gfpdf ljtf{ nutdf btf{ e}/}s/df kl/0ft ug{ afFsL /x]sf !) g+= df}h]O8f]n Sjf5]Fsf hUufx¿ ljtf{ pGd"ng P]g,@)!^ sf] bkmf & -s_ -!_ n] k|i6¿kdf ævÆ>]0fLsf] ljtf{ hUuf tf]s]sf]df Dofbleq hUufjfnfn]/}s/df kl/0ft gu/]df hUuf sdfpg] JolQmsf]gfpFdf btf{ ug{ kfpg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ePcg'¿kpQm hUufx¿ d]/f lktf z]ifgf/fgsf] gfpFdfhf]t sfod ePsf] / lghsf] hLjgsfn;DdsdfO{ cfpg' ePsf] tYonfO{ lkmN8a's, blwsf]6uf=lj=;=sf] @)%#.#.#! sf] l;kmfl/z tyf df]xLsf]! g+= kmf/fd;d]tn] :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . d}n] pQmhUuf lktfsf] k/nf]skZrft\ klg cgj/t ¿kdfsdfO{ hf]tL cfPsf] x'Fbf lkmN8 a's, uf=lj=;=sf]l;kmfl/z, ! g+= nut Pj+ ;Dk"0f{ k|df0f / dftflty{dfofsf] d~h'/L ;lxt df=kf]=sf= eQmk'/dfldlt @)%#.#.#! df lgj ]bg u/ ]sf ]dfljkIfL˜x¿n] ldlt @)%%.!).!@ df cfO{ xsbfjL u/] tfklg ljkIfLx¿sf] bfjL kl5df=kf]=sf=eQmk'/af6 k|df0f a'emL lg0f{o lbg'kg]{cj:yf / t]/f] d]/f]sf] l:ylt b]lvPsf] x'Fbf ;DalGwtlhNnf cbfntdf u} cf–cfˆgf] xs sfod u/fO{Nofpg' egL ldlt @)^@.!!.@@ df ;'gL kfPsf]n];Ddflgt cbfntdf cfPsf] 5' . plNnlvthUufx¿ ;fljs ljtf{ nutaf6 le8L @)@!;fnsf] gfkLdf gfkgS;f ePsf] / pQmhUufx¿sf] hf]t d]/f lktf z]ifgf/fg l;gf/L>]i7sf gfddf hlgPsf]df eQmk'/ lhNnf blwsf]6uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( ls=g+= @!*) sf] )–)–!–

) hUuf, ls=g+= @@)& sf] )–)–@–), ls=g+=@!!* sf] )–)–@–), ls=g+= @@#@ sf] )–!–#–), ls=g+=@@$* sf] )–)–!–) / ls=g+= @@%)sf] )–@–) ;d]tsf ?=$&,%)).– hfg] hUufx¿ljtf{ pGd"ng P]g, @)!^ sf] -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ &-s_ cg';f/ d]/f gfpFdf btf{ gfd;f/L u/L xssfod ul/kfpFm eGg] lkm/fb kq .

lkmN8a'saf6} d]/f] elthf ljs'axfb'/sf]btf{ c+zaf6 xs eO{ sdfO{ cfPsf] eGg] Joxf]/fx'Fbf elthfsf] hUufsf] sfsf df]xL x'g ;Sg]cj:yf;d]t /xFb}g . df]xL x'gsf] nflu ! g+=nut,@ g+= cg';"rL / # g+= hf]tfxf c:yfoL lg:;fkfO{ hUufwgL jf lghsf xsjfnfx¿nfO{;fn;fn} s'ta'emfO{ /l;b k|fKt u/]sf] 5' egLljkIfLn] cfkm"nfO{ df]xLsf] ;+1f lbO{ lkm/fb bfo/ug{ kfpg] xsb}of gx'Fbf lkm/fb vf/]h efuL 5 .ctM plNnlvt ls=g+= @!*), @@)&, @!!*,@@#@, @@$* / @@%) sf] df]xL sfod x'gg;Sg] JolQmn] /}s/ k=ul/;s]sf] hUufsf;DjGwdf hUufwgLn] g} /}=k= gu/]sf] x'Fbf df]xLsfgfddf btf{ gfd;f/L ul/kfpFm egL em"7f bfjLlnO{ k/]sf] lkm/fb vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|ltpQ/kq .

cfkm" ljjflbt hUufsf] df]xL sfod eO{;s]sf] egL cflwsfl/s lgsfosf] lg0f{o ;d]tjfbLn] k]z u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . jfbLn] b]vfPsf] ! g+=cg';"rL / lkmN8a'sdf gfd pNn]v ePs} cfwf/n]dfq jfbL ljjflbt hUufsf] lglj{jfb df]xL /x]5g\egL cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg .t;y{, jfbL ljlwjt df]xL x'g\ egL jfbL bfjLadf]lhd ljjfbsf] hUufdf lghsf] xs sfodug{ ldNg] b]lvPg . df]xL x'g\ eGg] lgZrofTds;a"b k|df0fsf] cefj x'Fbf jfbL bfjL sfod ug{gldnL jfbLsf] k|:t't lkm/fb vf/]h x'g] 7x5{

*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ – d'=;=ug]{ t]hnIdL l;gf/L >]i7 lj=1fgnfn l;gf/L >]i7 ;d]t


466466466466466

eGg] z'¿ eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^$f%.!( df ePsf] km};nf .

ljjflbt hUufx¿df d k'g/fj]bssf]lktfsf gfddf lglj{jfb ¿kdf df]xL ePsf] tYo;/sf/L c8\8fdf /x]sf] btf{ afFsL ;|]:tf k"hf{,lkmN8a's, ! g+= nut;d]tsf k|df0faf6 k|i6x'Fbfx'Fb} cgflwsf/ JolQmaf6 df]xL;DaGwL ljjfbp7fO{ ePsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5}g . dfnkf]tsfof{no eQmk'/af6 ljkIfLnfO{ ;d]t xs sfoddf;'gfPsf]df ljkIfLsf] s'g} bfjL g} gePsf]df pQmhUuf ljtf{ hUuf eGg] k|i6 x'Fbfx'Fb} ljtf{ hUufsf]d k'g/fj]bs df]xLsf xsbf/sf gfddf /}=k= btf{gfd;f/L xs sfod x'g'kg] {df ;f] gu/Ldf]xL;DaGwL ljjfb p7fO{ ePsf] z'¿ eQmk'/lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf pN6L u/L d]/f] lkm/fbbfjLadf]lhd ljjfbsf hUufx¿ d]/f gfddf/}=k=btf{ gfd;f/L xs sfod;d]t x'g] 7x/ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t jfbL lzjz+s/ l;gf/L >]i7sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

df]xLsf] nut;DaGwL ! g+= kmf/fd,lkmN8a's ptf/sf] Joxf]/f tyf hUufsf] ;|]:tfdfbfjLsf] hUufsf] df]xL k'g/fj]bssf afa' z]ifgf/fo0f/x]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf df]xL x'g\ eGg]lgZrofTds k|df0fsf] cefjdf bfjL vf/]h u/]sf]z'¿sf] km};nf km/s kg{ ;Sg] x'Fbf k|ToyL{ lemsfO{k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] ldlt@)^%.!.#) sf] cfb]z .

o;df ljjfbsf] ljtf{ hUuf, hUufwgLn]/}=k=btf{ gu/fPsf]n] df]xLsf] x}l;otn] /}=k=btf{ul/kfpFm egL k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] dfnkf]t sfof{noeQmk'/df lgj]bg k/]sf] / k|ToyL{n] ljjfbsf]hUuf /}=k= e};s]sf] x'Fbf jfbLsf] lgj]bg bfjLcg';f/x'g'kg]{ xf]Og egL k|ltjfb u/]sf] x'Fbf ljjfbsf]hUuf /}s/ xf] jf ljtf{ xf] ;a"b k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg

u/L lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ ljifo e} dfnkf]t sfof{non]xs sfod u/L Nofpg ;'gfPkZrft\ oL k'g/fj]bsjfbLsf] gfn]; k/L cfk"m ljjflbt hUufsf] df]xLePsf] egL k|df0f;d]t b]vfO{ gfn]; u/]sf] /k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLsf] xs sfodtkm{ gfn]; gk/]sf]cj:yfdf k]z ePsf k|df0fsf] ljj]rgf u/L/}=k=btf{ x'g], gx'g] ;DjGwdf 7x/ km};nf ug'{kg]{dfbfjL vf/]h ug{] u/L ePsf] z'¿ eQmk'/ lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.%.!( sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{x'Fbf ab/ ul/lbPsf] 5 . ca k]z ePsf ;a"bk|df0f x]/L ljjfbsf] hUuf /}s/ xf] jf ljtf{ xf] <k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg u/L 7x/ km};nf ug'{ egL b'j}kIfnfO{ z'¿ eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] tf/]vtf]sL ldl;n ;f]xL cbfndf k7fO{lbg' eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)^%.!!.$ sf] km};nf .

ljkIfLx¿n] ljjflbt hUufx¿sf]xssfodtkm{ gfn]z ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;fy}ljkIfLx¿n] /}s/ kl/0ft u/]sf] s'g} nutk|df0f;d]t k]z ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . To:tf]cj:yfdf ljjflbt hUufx¿ ljtf{ hUuf ePsf]tYo lglj{jfb ¿kdf k'li6 ePsf] 5 . ljtf{hUufsf] ;DaGwdf d'v ldn]sf] / ljjflbthUufx¿ ljtf{ hUuf ePaf6 d k'g/fj]bsjfbLafx]s c¿ s;}sf] gfddf xs sfod x'g]sfg"gL k"jf{a:yf ljBdfg 5}g . t;y{ ljjflbthUufx¿df ljkIfLx¿sf] xs k'Ug] s'g} k|df0fgePsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf gfddfljjflbt hUufx¿ /}s/ kl/0ft btf{ gfd;f/Lxs sfod x'g] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gaf67x/ OG;fkm x'g'kg]{df ;f] tYonfO{ af]Nb} gaf]nLk'g z'¿ eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntdf k7fpg] u/LePsf] km};nfsf] ;f] xb;Dd c=j=!*$-s_,h=k=sf] @ -s_, ljtf{ pGd"ng P]g @)!^ sf]

467467467467467

bkmf & s -!_, -@_, !@ -s_ ;d]tsf] sfg"gLq'l6 ljBdfg x'Fbf ;f] xb;Dd k'=j]=c=kf6gsf]km};nf pN6L u/L d]/f] lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhdul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] z'¿tyf k'g/fj]bg ldl;n;d]t cWoog u/Lk'g/fj]bs jfbLsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmf >L xl/s[i0f sfo:yn] plNnlvt hUufd]/f] kIfsf] ljtf{sf] hUuf xf] . ljkIfLn] eg]h:tf] /}s/sf] hUuf xf]Og . olb /}s/sf] hUufeP To:tf] btf{ /l;b cflb k|df0fx¿ ljkIfLn]k]z ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . ;fy} k|:t't d'2fdf Gofok|zf;g P]gsf] bkmf !$ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgcbfnt, kf6gn] cfkm} x]/L hfFrL km};nf ug'{kg]{dfk'gM lg0f{osf] nflu z'¿ lhNnf cbfntdf k7fPsf]km};nf ldn]sf] 5}g . t;y{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] pQm km};nf ab/ x'g'kb{5 egL ug'{ePsf] ax; lhsL/;d]t ;'lgof] .

ldl;n cWoog u/L x ]bf { ljtf {hUufjfnfn] /}s/df kl/0ft gu/]sf] cj:yfdfdf]xLsf] x}l;otaf6 d]/f gfpFdf btf{ gfd;f/Lu/L xs sfod;d]t ul/kfpFm eGg] lkm/fb bfjLePsf]df pQm hUufsf df]xL jfbL xf]Og, lghnfO{lkm/fb ug]{ xsb}of klg 5}g / /}s/ kl/0ftul/;s]sf] hUufnfO{ gu/]sf] egL df]xLsf gfddfbtf{ gfd;f/L ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbL bfjL em"7f xf]vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|ltpQ/ k/]sf]df lkm/fbvf/]h x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] z'¿sf] km};nfpk/ jfbLsf]tkm{af6 k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df k'gM lg0f{o ug'{ egLz'¿df k7fpg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nfpk/ jfbLsf] tkm{af6 o; cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg k/L k]z ePsf] /x]5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 cfkm}n] ;a"b k|df0fsf] ljj]rgf u/L/}s/ jf ljtf{ s] xf] ;f] OG;fkm af]Ng'kg]{df k'gMlg0f{o ug{ lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f k7fpg ldNb}geGg] d'Vo lhsL/ /x]sf] kfO{of] .

#= lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;a"b k|df0fsf]d"NofÍg / ljj]rgf u/L OG;fkm u/]sf] cj:yfgb]lvO{ lkm/fb kq vf/]h x'g] u/L km};nf ePsf]b]lvg cfof] . jfbL;Fu df]xLsf] k|df0f gePsf]x'Fbf gfn]z ug]{ xsb}of gePsf] eGg] cfwf/dfpQm vf/]hL km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . lhNnfcbfntsf] km};nfpk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdfjfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg kbf{ jfbLsf] ! g+=sf] nut /lkmN8a's ptf/sf] cfwf/df ljkIfL lemsfpg]cfb]z eO{ cGttM km};nf x'Fbf k|df0fsf] ljj]rgfu/L /}s/ kl/0ft btf{ x'g] xf] xf]Og 7x/ ug'{kg]{dfvf/]h u/]sf] ldn]g egL /}s/ jf ljtf{ s] xf] 7x/km};nf ug'{ egL lg0f{ofy{ ̃ z'¿df k7fpg] km};nfk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf]df ;f] km};nfpk/k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] k|:t't k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] ljtf{ jf /}s/s] xf] cfkm} lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df gu/L z'¿ lhNnfcbfntdf lg0f{o ug{ k7fPsf] ldn]g eGg]k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6 cfPsf] lhsL/cg'¿kk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 g} /}s/ btf{ x'g] gx'g]km};nf x'g'kg]{ xf] jf lhNnf cbfntdf lg0f{ofy{k7fpg' plrt xf] eGg]tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] cfkm\gf ] dftxtsf] cbfnt jflgsfosf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] cj:yfdf km};nfhfFRg] / oyf]lrt lg0f{o ug{;Sg] clwsf/ Gofok|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf *-!_ af6 kfPsf]g} b]lvG5 .

%= k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 klg ;a"bk|df0fsf] ljj]rgf / d"NofÍg x'g;Sg] x'Fbf tNnf]

*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ –*(*$ – d'=;=ug]{ t]hnIdL l;gf/L >]i7 lj=1fgnfn l;gf/L >]i7 ;d]t


468468468468468

lgsfoaf6 ePsf] km};nfpk/ ;b/, ab/ jfpN6L ug{ ;Sg] g} x'G5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6g} lgSof]{n xf];\ tn gk7fcf];\ eGg] clek|fo,ljlwstf{sf] /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k|fjwfg :ki6tMsfg"gd} pNn]v ePsf] x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] lgldQlnvt ;2] sLt]{ 5'6\ofO{ OG;fkm ug{'kg]{ cj:yfdfc=j+= @)( g+= n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 k|df0fa'emL km};nf ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL k|fjwfg ePsf] / ;f]c=a+= @)( sf] JofVof eO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6g} lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ sfg"gL l;4fGtx¿ k|ltkflbtePsf b]lvG5g\ . t/ xs sfod h:tf] ljtf{ jf/}s/sf] ljjfb ePsf] cj:yfdf klg k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 g} k|df0f a'emL z'¿ OG;fkm ug'{kg]{h:tf] afWofTds Joj:yf sfg"gn] u/]sf] kfOb}g .tNnf] lgsfoaf6 ;a"b k|df0f g} ga'emL OG;fkmx'g uPdf k'gM lg0f{ofy{ lhNnf cbfnt k7fpFbfcgfxs d'2fdf l9nfO{ eO{ kIf ljkIfnfO{cgfjZos x}/fgL gxf];\ eGg] x]t'n] k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ;a"b k|df0f a'emL OG;fkm x'g ;Sg]cj:yf klg cfpg ;S5 . t/ lhNnf cbfntaf6OG;fkm glbO{ vf/]hL km};nf ePsf]df k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 7x/ OG;fkm km};nf x'Fbf k'g/fj]bgjf k'g/fj]bssf] Gofok|flKtsf] k|of;sf] Ps txx/0f x'g hfg] x'G5 . t;y{ z'¿af6 vf/]hLkm};nf ePsf]df ;a"bk|df0f a'emL lg0f{ofy{ z'¿txdf k7fpg sfg"gn] s'g} afwf klg gu/]sf] /Gofof]lrt klg x'g] b]lvG5 . k'g/fj]bg ;'gLoyf]lrt lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]clwsf/df s'g} sfg"gn] s'g} cj:yfdf jf s'g}k|lqmof k'¥ofpg'kg] {df jf ;'g'jfO{df /f]sgnufP;Dd k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 k'g/fj]bg;'gL ;b/ ab/ jf pN6L ug{;Sg] g} x'G5 . o;d'2fdf lhNnf cbfntaf6 ;a"b k|df0fsf] d"NofÍgu/L /}s/ ljtf{ 5'6\ofO{ lg0f{o OG;fkm ePsf]

b]lvFb}g . t;y{ vf/]hL km};nf ePsf]df ;a"bk|df0f a'emL lg0f{o ug{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] lhNnfcbfntdf k7fpg ;Sg] g} b]lvg cfof] .

^= k|:t't ljjfbdf k|ltjfbLx¿sf] xssfodtkm{ gfn]; gk/]sf] cj:yfdf ljjflbthUuf /}s/ jf ljtf{ s:tf] k|s[ltsf] hUuf xf]jfbL bfjLcg';f/ btf{ ug{ ldNg] xf], xf]Og ;f];DaGwdf k|df0fx¿sf] d"NofÍg u/L lg0f{oug{'kg]{df k|df0fsf] ljj]rgf g} gu/L df]xLsf]ljjfb dfq b]vfO{ jfbL bfjL vf/]h x'g] 7x¥ofPsf]z'¿ eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ ab/u/L k]z ePsf ;a"b k|df0fx¿ x]/L ljjfbsf]hUuf /}s/ xf] jf ljtf{ xf] ;f] s'/f k|df0fsf]d"NofÍg u/L 7x/ km};nf ug{' egL u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^%.!!.$sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvg cfof] .

&= t;y{ eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntaf6/}s/ u'7Ltkm{ 7x/ OG;fkm ug{'kg]{df vf/]h u/]sf]cj:yf x'Fbf cfjZos k|df0fx¿sf] d"NofÍg u/Lk'gM lg0f{o ug'{ egL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gn]eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.%.!( sf]km};nf ab/ u/L k'gM lg0f{osf] nflu ;f]xL lhNnfcbfntdf k7fpg] u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,kf6gsf] ldlt @)^%.!!.$ sf] km};nf ldn]s}b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf]nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L clen]vzfvfdf a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=ts{/fh e6[

Olt ;Djt\ @)&) ;fn j}zfv * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\=Ohnf; clws[tM– x]daxfb'/ ;]g

nkp 3 - supreme court of nepal · 2013. 7. 18. · lg0f{o g+=*(&))^^––)))@

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