NLCNLCOswaldo AvalosOswaldo AvalosBernardo TorresBernardo Torres

Miguel GilMiguel Gil

The anglesThe angles• The angles are not important in our The angles are not important in our

proyect.proyect.• Because the angles are refracted on Because the angles are refracted on

any place in the earth and the clouds any place in the earth and the clouds would always have the same amount would always have the same amount of light from any angle, and it won’t of light from any angle, and it won’t change the result.change the result.

The electromagnetic The electromagnetic spectrumspectrum

IR raysIR rays• Are the waves between the visible Are the waves between the visible

light and the microwaves.light and the microwaves.• The ones with short wavelenght are The ones with short wavelenght are

to use in the cell phones and remote to use in the cell phones and remote controls.controls.

• The ones with large wavelenght are The ones with large wavelenght are the ones that heat the atmosphere.the ones that heat the atmosphere.

Large wavelenght IR raysLarge wavelenght IR rays• Has a frequency of 4 x 10 a la 14 Hz Has a frequency of 4 x 10 a la 14 Hz • Has a wavelenght of 1000 nmHas a wavelenght of 1000 nm• And the quantum energy of a photon And the quantum energy of a photon

would be calculated in a moment.would be calculated in a moment.• Those are the important ones because Those are the important ones because

they produce heat and provide the they produce heat and provide the energy to the atmosphere.energy to the atmosphere.

The formulaThe formula• Energy of a photon is given by Plank's Energy of a photon is given by Plank's

equation: equation: E = hE = hnn (J) (J) where h = 6.626 x 10-34 J.s; where h = 6.626 x 10-34 J.s; nn is the is the frequency (s-1). Most usually in frequency (s-1). Most usually in photosynthetic work, photosynthetic work, ll (wavelength) is used (wavelength) is used in place of in place of nn. Then Plank's equation . Then Plank's equation becomes: becomes:

• E = hE = hnn = h c/ = h c/ll where c = 2.998 x 108 m.s-1 (the velocity of where c = 2.998 x 108 m.s-1 (the velocity of light) and light) and ll is in meters. is in meters.

• If l is in nm, then If l is in nm, then • E = E = h x 2.998 x 10h x 2.998 x 108 = 8 = 1.987 x 101.987 x 10-16     J per -16     J per

photon photon                     llnm x 10-9           nm x 10-9           llnm nm

• A mole of photons is called an einstien, and its A mole of photons is called an einstien, and its energy is calculated by multiplying the above energy is calculated by multiplying the above value by Avagadro's constant: value by Avagadro's constant:

• Energy per einstein = E x N Energy per einstein = E x N •             = = 1.987 x 101.987 x 10-16 x 6.022 x 1023 -16 x 6.022 x 1023

                                llnm nm       =       = 1.1962 x 101.1962 x 108 J.mol-1 8 J.mol-1                                 llnm nm

• or expressing this in electron volts by dividing by or expressing this in electron volts by dividing by the Faraday constant: the Faraday constant:

• E   = E   =     1.1962 x 10    1.1962 x 1088                   J.mol-1/J.mol-1.V-1           J.mol-1/J.mol-1.V-1           lnm x 9.649 x 104           lnm x 9.649 x 104

•     = =   1240     1240     eV   eV                 llnm nm

• Thus, for photons of Thus, for photons of ll = 1000 nm, = 1000 nm, • E = 1.23 eVE = 1.23 eV

The NLC formulaThe NLC formula• Y= Y= (1240/1000nm)(x)(1240/1000nm)(x) x=.24 if Clouds belowx=.24 if Clouds below 1919

• Y= Y= (1240/1000nm)(x)(1240/1000nm)(x) x= .04 ifNo clouds x= .04 ifNo clouds belowbelow

1919

Explanation of greenhouse Explanation of greenhouse effect with the NLCeffect with the NLC

BibliografiaBibliografia• http://http://www.earthtym.netwww.earthtym.net//refref--farfar--

infared.htminfared.htm • http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu//http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu//

cosmic_classroomcosmic_classroom//ir_tutorialir_tutorial//discovery.htmldiscovery.html

• httphttp://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/infrared.h://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/infrared.htmltml

• http://http://es.wikipedia.orges.wikipedia.org//wikiwiki//Distancia_angularDistancia_angular