No opener today—New Notes PacketNo opener today—New Notes Packet

You know that there are naturally You know that there are naturally occurring Earth processes that help occurring Earth processes that help ecosystems maintain the materials ecosystems maintain the materials necessary for the organisms in the necessary for the organisms in the ecosystem. The portion of Earth that is ecosystem. The portion of Earth that is inhabited by life (the ____sphere) is inhabited by life (the ____sphere) is interconnected with other Earth systems: interconnected with other Earth systems: the atmosphere ( ), the the atmosphere ( ), the hydrosphere ( ), and the hydrosphere ( ), and the geosphere ( ).geosphere ( ).

All of these systems must All of these systems must interactinteract efficiently in order for an ecosystem to efficiently in order for an ecosystem to maintain itself!maintain itself!

16.1 KEY CONCEPT 16.1 KEY CONCEPT As the human population As the human population grows, the demand for grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases. Earth’s resources increases.

Earth’s human population Earth’s human population continuescontinues to grow. to grow.

• Earth’s human carrying capacity is unknown!

What determines the carrying capacity of the world human population?

What was carrying capacity?What was carrying capacity?·maximum population size that can be ·maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources!!!! supported by the available resources!!!!

·Energy, water, oxygen, nutrients, etc.·Energy, water, oxygen, nutrients, etc.

In order to meet the needs of humans In order to meet the needs of humans to survive indefinitely (to survive indefinitely (sustainabilitysustainability), ), we need to find a balance between us we need to find a balance between us an other species! an other species!

As it reaches the carrying capacity, death rate As it reaches the carrying capacity, death rate will increase and birth rate will decrease will increase and birth rate will decrease because of:because of:

--FoodFood: food shortages: food shortages

--WaterWater: Less clean, viable water (shortage): Less clean, viable water (shortage)

--SoilSoil: Less land available, fewer trees/erosion, etc!: Less land available, fewer trees/erosion, etc!

--WasteWaste: More waste – tougher to deal with (R-R-R!!): More waste – tougher to deal with (R-R-R!!)

--Pollution of EnvironmentPollution of Environment: more pollutants, many effects: more pollutants, many effects

--Spread of DiseaseSpread of Disease: crowding (DD), more people: crowding (DD), more people

• Technology has helped to increase Technology has helped to increase Earth’s carrying capacity.Earth’s carrying capacity.

What technology helps What technology helps increaseincrease carrying carrying capacity?capacity?

What technologies influence our What technologies influence our pressurepressure on on the earth?the earth?

The growing human population The growing human population exerts pressure on Earth’s natural exerts pressure on Earth’s natural resources, BIG TIME!!!resources, BIG TIME!!!

There are two types of resources!!There are two types of resources!!

1.1. RenewableRenewable – –

Can’t be used up, able to be replenishedCan’t be used up, able to be replenished

Examples????Examples????

wind, water, sunlightwind, water, sunlight

less FF burning, less pollutionless FF burning, less pollution

Nuclear????Nuclear????

2.2.Non-renewableNon-renewable – –

used faster than they used faster than they formform

Examples???Examples???

Oil, coalOil, coal

Need to be Need to be managedmanaged properly!properly!

What can YOU do?????What can YOU do?????

RReduceeduce – –think of ways to USE think of ways to USE LESS!LESS!

RReuseeuse – bags, bottles, etc. – bags, bottles, etc.

RRecycleecycle – every little bit – every little bit helps!! helps!!

REALLYREALLY!!! !!!

What can YOU do?????What can YOU do?????

Think about packaging...Think about packaging...10% - 50% of products’ cost is for 10% - 50% of products’ cost is for

packaging, huge source of packaging, huge source of waste in landfills!waste in landfills!

So, how can we work on this?So, how can we work on this?

What can YOU do?????What can YOU do?????

It can be done,It can be done,

WE can do it!!WE can do it!!

Effective management of Earth’s resources will Effective management of Earth’s resources will help meet the needs of the future. help meet the needs of the future.

• Earth’s resources must be used Earth’s resources must be used responsibly. responsibly.

• Careless use of resources makes them Careless use of resources makes them unavailable unavailable to future generationsto future generations. .

• Think Think sustainabilitysustainability!!!!!!!!

• Easter Island isEaster Island isan example ofan example ofirresponsibleirresponsibleresource use.resource use.

• Cut down trees, ecosystem crashed!!Cut down trees, ecosystem crashed!!

Ecological footprint = amount of Ecological footprint = amount of landland needed to support a person needed to support a person

……to produce & maintain…to produce & maintain…–food & waterfood & water–sheltershelter–energyenergy–wastewaste

The SIZE of The SIZE of your footprintyour footprint Depends on: Depends on:

– amount and efficiency of resource amount and efficiency of resource use use

– amount and toxicity of waste amount and toxicity of waste producedproduced

What can You do to What can You do to reduce your reduce your footprint???footprint???

HMMMMM?????HMMMMM?????

http://www.myfootprint.org/

Human Population Human Population ActivityActivity

Happy Tuesday! Happy Tuesday! 9/13/119/13/11If you always do what you’ve If you always do what you’ve

always done, you’ll always get what always done, you’ll always get what you’ve always gotten.you’ve always gotten.

Write a Paragraph ReflectionWrite a Paragraph Reflection……

Your interpretation, apply it to your Your interpretation, apply it to your life…and your school…life…and your school…

16.2 KEY CONCEPT 16.2 KEY CONCEPT Fossil fuel emissions affect the Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere, HUGELY!!biosphere, HUGELY!!

Pollutants accumulate in the air

• Pollution: any Pollution: any undesirable factor added undesirable factor added to air, water, or soil.to air, water, or soil.

• SmogSmog (1 type of air (1 type of air pollution)pollution)– sunlight interacts sunlight interacts

w/poll. in airw/poll. in air– Poll. produced by FF Poll. produced by FF

emissionsemissions– made of particulates, made of particulates,

ground-level ozoneground-level ozone

• Smog can be harmful to human Smog can be harmful to human healthhealth• Acid rainAcid rain : caused by FF emissions : caused by FF emissions

– produced when poll. in water cycle cause produced when poll. in water cycle cause rain pH to droprain pH to drop

– can lower pH of lake/streamcan lower pH of lake/stream– can harm treescan harm trees

Beijing after rainBeijing after rain Beijing smoggy Beijing smoggy dayday

Quick question!!!!Quick question!!!!

As human population As human population increases, why might acid increases, why might acid rain increase??rain increase??

•Plants and other Plants and other photosynthetic organismsphotosynthetic organisms maintain a balance in the maintain a balance in the atmosphere’s oxygen & atmosphere’s oxygen & carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

•N maintained by N maintained by Nitrogen Nitrogen cyclecycle!!

•Water levels maintained Water levels maintained by by hydrologic cycle (and hydrologic cycle (and filtered)filtered)!!

What/WHO keeps the What/WHO keeps the balance??balance??

•protective layer of Earth's upper atmosphere • high

concentrations of ozone (O3)

So, why do we need it?

• Absorbs 93-99% of sun's UV light (damages life!)

Ozone layerOzone layer

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)

• Used in refrigerants & aerosol cans back in the day

• Drift up to the atmosphere• Cause a HOLE in ozone layer

• What would that do???

• Make it hotter? Or Allow more UV rays in?

Greenhouse effect:Greenhouse effect:

The The NORMALNORMAL warming effect when warming effect when gases trap heat in the atmospheregases trap heat in the atmosphere

• • Greenhouse gases (COGreenhouse gases (CO22, O, , O, methane, and water vapor) methane, and water vapor) trap trap heat heat • • Plants and photosynthetic Plants and photosynthetic organisms regulate!organisms regulate!

• The greenhouse effect slows the The greenhouse effect slows the release of energy from Earth’s release of energy from Earth’s atmosphereatmosphere

methane (CH4) water (H2O)

carbon dioxide(CO2)

1. sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere1. sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere

2. energy absorbed and radiated out as 2. energy absorbed and radiated out as heatheat

3. greenhouse gases absorb some of it, 3. greenhouse gases absorb some of it, trap ittrap it

4.4.Gases then Gases then radiate heat, radiate heat, Planet’s tempPlanet’s temp increases increases

One more time…PAIR SHARE!

Enhanced greenhouse Enhanced greenhouse effect:effect:

INCREASEDINCREASED WARMING of atmosphere, WARMING of atmosphere, caused by INCREASED human caused by INCREASED human impacts! FASTER RATE...YIKES!impacts! FASTER RATE...YIKES!

Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere! • levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and

fall over time.fall over time.• HighHigh levels of carbon dioxide are typical of levels of carbon dioxide are typical of

Earth’s Earth’s warmerwarmer periods. periods.

So, what’s So, what’s GLOBAL GLOBAL

WARMING?WARMING?

• Global warming refers to the Global warming refers to the trend of trend of increasing global increasing global temperaturestemperatures..

North Pole

Let’s review…Let’s review…

What is the difference between What is the difference between global warming and the global warming and the greenhouse effect?greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse effect is needed for Greenhouse effect is needed for keeping us warm, we enhance keeping us warm, we enhance it and this causes global it and this causes global warming.warming.

Let’s review…Let’s review…

What are two ways pollution What are two ways pollution can affect the ecosystem?can affect the ecosystem?

How does the greenhouse How does the greenhouse effect keep the earth warm?effect keep the earth warm?

How could an increase of CO2 How could an increase of CO2 in the atmosphere increase in the atmosphere increase global tem?global tem?

Who is being affected by Who is being affected by climate change?climate change?

What causes acid rain?????What causes acid rain?????

MYTHBUSTERS!!!

•JOT DOWN AT LEAST 10 FUN FACTS ABOUT THE EXPERIMENTS THEY DO!