no slide title · •silver •precious stones •words like ... •scientific revolution 1500-1700...
TRANSCRIPT
(1394-1460)
Vasco da
Gama:
Founder of the
Sea Route to
India
Problem 1: A Sea Route to India
The Portuguese solve it!
European Voyages of Exploration: Asia:Vasco da Gama
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html
DaGama’s meeting with King
Camolim of Calicut
DaGama
meets
Muslim
Merchants
in India
The
Portuguese
Sea Route
to India
Map of
Columbus’
First
Voyage,
1492-93
The Pinta and Santa Maria
Pope
Alexander VI’s
Treaty of
Tordesillas
(1494) gave
Spain the
Western
Hemisphere
and Portugal
the eastern
Hemisphere
Ferdinand Magellan’s Voyage around the
World, 1519-22
Encomienda
• Crown retained property rights
• Land grant for three generations
• Right to enslave Native Americans
• Typically mines and plantations
• Must convert the Native Americans to
Christianity
• Ultimately a failure—why?
Scenes from the Andean Guaman Poma’s book
The Conquerors
Smallpox
The Columbian Exchange: America
gives Europe
• Chocolate
• Tobacco
• Potatoes
• Corn
• Squash
• Chiles
• Guinea pigs
• Syphilis
• Gold
• Silver
• Precious stones
• Words like
“hammock”
• Turkeys
• Coca leaves
• Tomatoes
Columbian Exchange: Europe gives
Americas
• Horses
• Cattle
• Sheep
• Pigs
• Chickens
• The Wheel
• Gunpowder
• The pulley
• Dandelions
• Clover
• Honey bees
• Smallpox
• Measles
• Mumps
• Distilled alcohol
• Citrus fruits
• Christianity
• Languages
The Native Americans: Human or
Animal?
Hernando
Cortes (1485-
1548):
Conqueror of
Mexico
Moctezuma II:
Aztec Emperor
(1502-1520)
Cortes
entering
Tenochtitlan,
1521
Frieze of the Meeting of Cortes and
Moctezuma
Guatemozin
(Cuauhtemoc):
Moctezuma’s
Successor
Medieval World View
• God is center of all things
• One Church—Roman Catholic
• Life Static and Unchanging
• Almost no social mobility
• Life is local or regional
• No sense of nation-state
• Europe a backwater cut off from rest of
world
• Superstitious
Catalysts of Change
• Crusades 1095-1300
• Bubonic Plague 1350
• Renaissance 1300-1500
• Reformation 1500-1650
• Scientific Revolution 1500-1700
• Discovery of New World 1492-1650
Early Modern World
• Humanism—Human Centered Universe
• Social Mobility
• Fragmentation of the Church
• Science and Reason begin to replace
Superstition
• Nation state concept of citizenship
• Europe an international player