noel maxwell oettle "re examining economic orthodoxies oettle"
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Re-examining economic orthodoxies: interactions of
poverties and wealth and the creation, verification dissemination and adoption of SLM approaches
Noel OettleEnvironmental Monitoring Group, South Africa
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The context: facilitation of the adoption of enhanced SLM practices in the arid west of
South Africa• Resource poor farmers in the west of South
Africa farm with indigenous rooibos tea• Land access by small scale farmers is limited,
driving expansion of lands into marginal areas• Sandy soils are vulnerable to erosion by wind and
water• Farmers understand land degradation as both a
cause and an effect of endemic poverty
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The location of the study area in western South Africa
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When stripped of fynbos cover, sandy rooibos soils are vulnerable to erosion
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Our approach: Participatory Action Research to enhance land management
• People centred and responsive to problems identified by farmers = local ownership
• Partnership with farmer organisation (Heiveld Co-operative) and collaboration with other institutions (NGOs, GEF SGP, government, etc.)
• Technical support for farmers by Mentor Farmers & EMG• Problem analysis and intervention design by farmer • Resource contribution from farmers and others• Action learning: research, observe, reflect, plan, act,
research further, observe impacts, re-plan, etc….
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Farmers Hendrik Hesselman and Abraham Sass plan contour bunds to prevent soil erosion
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Average cost of interventions per hectare of land protected from erosion
Contributions: Project Farmer (in kind)Labour €48 €16Fuel & equipment €11 €10Totals €59 €26
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Hartwig Oktober demonstrates how contour bunds promote infiltration & prevent gully erosion
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Contour bund reinforced with mesembryanthumums
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Noel Oettle, Nick Helme, Simon Todd, Eugene
Marinus & Rhoda Malgas
Pieter Koopman’s shelter belts & contour ploughing conserve soils and biodiversity
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Human Scale Development Theory of Manfred Max Neef and colleagues
• Multidisciplinary approach to understanding what motivates people
• Founded on the premise that all people share the same basic human needs
• We differ greatly in how we go about satisfying these basic human needs:Personal preferences, culture, genderPersuasion, advertising, religion, moralsTime and place, fashion, external pressures
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The basic human needs……• Subsistence• Protection• Affection• Understanding• Participation• Idleness• Creation• Identity• Freedom
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Synergic satisfiers
• Satisfy a given need, simultaneously stimulating and contributing to the fulfilment of other needs
• They tend to be liberating • We recognise them: this is lekker!!!• In conservation and development processes,
this is where the magic lies
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Applications of human scale development theory in Sustainable Land Management
Design of interventions that satisfy a range of needs (e.g. a workshop designed to share information should also be a learning and social event that should aim to make people feel safe and comfortable)Need Satisfier
Understanding Information provision, interactive discussion, peer learning
Idleness Relaxed time schedule, energisers, tea breaks
Participation Interactive process, social gathering, cooking together
Affection Meeting old friends and relative in a safe and friendly environment
Freedom Don’t coerce participation, let people choose
Subsistence Provide tea and snacks, or a meal; address livelihood concerns
Protection Focus on common issues and solutions and collective action strengthen social bonds
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A farmer shares his knowledge of soil and water management with his peers
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Weather monitor Bennet Hesselman takes pride in his contribution
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Katriena Fortuin shares collective insights into weather impacts and responses on behalf of her neighbourhood group
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Thank you for your attention