noise barriers and standards for mitigating...

Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise Jean-Pierre Clairbois

CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8th & 9th of September 2015 1

Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise

Jean-Pierre Clairbois1 , Massimo Garai2

1 convenor of CEN TC226 WG6, c/o A-tech / Acoustic technologies Rue Montagne aux Anges 26, 1081 Brussels, Belgium

2 convenor of CEN TC256 SC1 WG40, c/o Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy



1. Introduction 2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) 3. The whole framework under the product standard 4. The supporting standards:

a. Acoustic performances b. Non-Acoustic performances c. Long term performances d. Sustainability

5. Conclusions

Content of the presentation



CEN / TC226 / WG6: Working Group started in 1990

TC226 : Technical Committee for road equipment

WG6 : Working Group for Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

WG6 has 4 dedicated Task Groups: TG1. acoustic characteristics TG2. non acoustic characteristics

(mechanical, safety & environmental) TG3. fire concerns (reaction to fire) TG4. sustainability

1. Introduction



Noise barriers

2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)



Noise barriers

(Absorptive) Claddings




Noise barriers


Road Covers




Noise barriers


Road Covers

(Structural Elements)

Added Devices




Noise barriers


Road Covers

(Structural Elements)

Added Devices

All those devices are now covered by EN standards




insertion loss(extrinsic)

sound absorptionor reflection

airborne soundinsulation

intrinsicdiffraction

intrinsiccharacteristics

acousticcharacteristics

mechanicalcharacteristics

safetycharacteristics

environmentalcharacteristics

non acousticcharacteristics

noise reducingdevices (NRD's)

depends on the environment

3.The whole framework under the product standard



absorbed wave reflected wave diffracted wave

transmitted wave

T















Durability Sustainabilty
















Durability Sustainabilty


Supporting standards


Product standard



Part 1 : Intrinsic characteristics ofsound absorption

EN 1793-1 (2012)

Part 2 : Intrinsic characteristics ofairborne sound insulation

under diffuse sound field conditionsEN 1793-2 (2012)

Part 3 : Normalized traffic noise spectrumEN 1793-3 (1997)

Part 4 : Intrinsic characteristics in situ valuesof sound diffractionEN 1793-4 (2015)

Part 5 : Intrinsic characteristics in situ valuesof sound reflection

under direct sound field conditionsEN 1793-5 (2015)

Part 6 : Intrinsic characteristics in situ valuesof airborne sound insulation

under direct sound field conditionsEN 1793-6 (2012)

Test method for determining the acoustic performanceset of EN 1793

wind load and static load

self weight

impact of stones

safety in collision

dynamic load from snow clearance

Part 1 : Mechanical performanceand stability requirements

EN 1794-1 (2011)

resistance to brushwood fire

risk of falling debris

environmental protection

means of escape in emergency

light reflection

transparency

Part 2 : General safety andenvironmental requirements

EN 1794-2 (2011)

Part 3: Reaction to fire, Burning behaviour and classificationEN 1794-3 (2016)

Non acoustic performanceset of EN 1794

Part 1 : acoustical characteristicsEN 14389-1 (2015)

Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristicsEN 14389-2 (2015)

Procedures for assessing long term performanceset of EN14389

Road traffic noise reducing devices(product) Specifications

EN 14388 (2015)

under diffuse sound field conditions

EN 14388 is an Harmonized standard under CPR 305/2011 (Construction Product Regulation)

Sustainability (work started)

Supporting standards

Product standard



Acoustic characteristics

DIFFUSE sound field laboratory

ISO based methods

Sound absorption EN 1793-1

Sound insulation EN 1793-2

Reference spectrum EN 1793-3

DIRECT sound field in-Situ

Adrienne & Quiesst based methods

Sound reflection prEN 1793-5



Diffraction index difference EN 1793-4

4. a. Acoustic characteristics

ONLY for tunnels AND

25,0/ ≤ew21 hhwe ++= intrinsic

products characteristics

≈

Pure “in laboratory” tests





ISO based methods











ONLY for tunnels AND

25,0/ ≤ew21 hhwe ++=

ALL the other « open field » applications…

INCLUDING in-situ products / works

validations

intrinsic products

characteristics

“In situ tests” characterising NRD’s

• “as they are used” • “where they are used” • that 1793-1 and -2 are unable to

(e.g.: non flat NRD’s)

• year after year in situ control Pure “in laboratory” tests



NRDs previously always tested under diffuse field (ISO)

open field

diffuse field

… reminder: history of NRDs testing



But MOST of the NRDs are used under DIRECT sound field conditions: Need for corresponding fair test methods Adrienne (1998) QUIESST(2012)



ADRIENNE QUIESST





ISO based methods











ONLY for tunnels +

25,0/ ≤ew21 hhwe ++=

ALL the other « open field » applications…

INCLUDING in-situ products / works

validations

intrinsic products

characteristics Pure in laboratory tests

In situ tests, characterising NRD’s

• “as they are used” • “where they are used” • that 1793-1 and -2 are unable to

(e.g.: non flat NRD’s)

• year after year in situ control



ISO 354 based laboratory method with specific mounting conditions (following the intended use…) This standard was the 1st one used since more than 30 years for

characterizing NRD, whatever they intended use: now, thanks to 1793-5, its use is restricted to diffuse field applications

L

1 2

34

5

hf

1793-1 s ound absorption (diffuse sound field)



ISO 10140 (set of standards) based laboratory method with specific mounting conditions (following the intended use…) This standard was also the one previously used for characterizing

NRDs, whatever they intended use: now, thanks to 1793-6, its use is restricted to diffuse field applications

1793-2 s ound insulation (diffuse sound field)



Impulse responses acquisition: and in the free field,

near the sample,

with a 9 microphones array under direct sound field

1793-5 s ound reflection (diffuse sound field)



Impulse responses acquisition: and in the free field,

near the sample,

with a 9 microphones array under direct sound field

1793-6 s ound insulation (direct sound field)



Airborne sound insulation measurements are done: through the acoustic elements AND at the posts

1793-6 s ound insulation (direct sound field)



Specific NRD’s designed to be added on the top of existing NRD’s

“ADDED DEVICES” their effectiveness strongly depends on “source-

receiver” relative positions → extremely varying effectiveness

can we characterise an “intrinsic diffraction” ? → definition of diffraction index the diffraction index difference characterises

the added device

(intrinsic) sound diffraction



absabsadabs DIDIDI ,0, −=∆

Measurements with and without the added device on a reflective wall and on an absorptive wall →

reflrefladrefl DIDIDI ,0, −=∆

without with

1793-6 sound diffraction (direct sound field)



4. b. Non acoustic characteristics


EN 1794-1 (2011)


EN 1794-2 (2011)

Part 3: Reaction to fireBurning behaviour and classification

EN 1794-3 (2016)

Non acoustic performanceset of EN 1794



wind load and static load

self weight

impact of stones

safety in collision

dynamic load from snow clearance


EN 1794-1 (2011)




resistance to brushwood fire

risk of falling debris

environmental protection

means of escape in emergency

light reflection

transparency


EN 1794-2 (2011)




in case of severe impact: dangerous debris panel detachment

restraint systems may be necessary

Risk of falling debris (now: shattered properties)



identify products or constituent materials that could have with time adverse effects on the environment: under natural exposure in case of fire

also: identify products or materials that could be recycled

Environmental protection



smooth surfaces depending on the angle of

incidence danger of disability glare

for drivers specific of products and

site conditions

Light reflection




Part 3: Reaction to fireBurning behaviour and classification

EN 1794-3 (2016)



4. c. Long term performances




durability of NRD is a very sensitive matter as NRD’s can be: made of different materials combine different materials

different materials are not ageing in the same way combination of different materials can drastically affect ageing ageing affects NRD’s acoustic and non acoustic characteristics







durability of NRD is a very sensitive matter as NRD’s can be: made of different materials combine different materials

different materials are not ageing in the same way combination of different materials can drastically affect ageing ageing affects NRD’s acoustic and non acoustic characteristics



4. d. Sustainability



Environmental

Technical

Economical

Social

1. Design/Consultancy/

Planning

Environmental

Economical

Social Technical

2. Construction/

Manufacturing/ Contracting

Environmental

Technical

Economical

Social

3. Usage/Maintenance/

Repair

Environmental

Technical

Economical

4. Removal/Demolition

Social

Sustainability of a NRD project throughout its

whole lifecycle (4 stages !!!)

TG 4 is now defining sustainability through key performance indicators (KPI for measuring, monitoring, and reporting the NRD sustainability performances



since 1990, CEN TC226 WG6 drafts a comprehensive set of standards allowing fair comparison of different Road Noise Reducing Devices (NRD) on the EU market

These standards do consider the major characteristics that every project should include in order to have optimized noise reduction for many years

This endlessly challenging work implies all the relevant EU stakeholders

The standards are continuously updated in order to be in line with the state of the art

5. Conclusions



Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise

Jean-Pierre Clairbois1 , Massimo Garai2

1 convenor of CEN TC226 WG6, c/o A-tech / Acoustic technologies Rue Montagne aux Anges 26, 1081 Brussels, Belgium

2 convenor of CEN TC256 SC1 WG40, c/o Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy

Foliennummer 1Foliennummer 21. Introduction2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs) Foliennummer 10 Foliennummer 134. a. Acoustic characteristics4. a. Acoustic characteristicsFoliennummer 16Foliennummer 17Foliennummer 184. a. Acoustic characteristicsFoliennummer 20Foliennummer 21Foliennummer 22Foliennummer 23Foliennummer 24Foliennummer 25Foliennummer 26Foliennummer 27Foliennummer 28Foliennummer 29Foliennummer 30Foliennummer 31Foliennummer 324. b. Non acoustic characteristics4. b. Non acoustic characteristicsSimulated wind loadFoliennummer 364. b. Non acoustic characteristicsFoliennummer 38Foliennummer 39Foliennummer 40Foliennummer 414. b. Non acoustic characteristics4. c. Long term performances4. c. Long term performances4. c. Long term performancesFoliennummer 464. d. SustainabilityFoliennummer 48Foliennummer 49Foliennummer 50

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