noise mapping: modeling chronic natural gas compressor ... · •largest contiguous forest in...
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Becky LorigMGIS Candidate
Source: Elk State Forest Wikipedia
Noise Mapping: Modeling Chronic Natural Gas Compressor Noise in Pennsylvania’s State Forests
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Source: Wave Engineering
Source: PA Independent
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Source: scitechdaily.com
Unconventional Traditional
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Source: Kargbo et al. 2010.
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• 10,000 active unconventional gas wells
• Fewer wells on PA state forest lands
• More development anticipated
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• Largest contiguous forest in Eastern US
• 600+ active wells
• 14 active compressor stations (CS)
• Several CS pending
• 100-200 CS anticipated
• CS noise concerns
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CS289Source: Tom Gabrielson
• Collect gas from surrounding wells
• Pressurize for distribution
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cooling-fan noise
engine-exhaust
noise
A/C
noise
electric
generator
noise
CS289
gas-pressure
regulator noise
compressor and engine noise
Source: Tom Gabrielson
• Loud
• 80-105 decibels (A-weighted)• Motorcycle = 95• Chainsaw = 100• Helicopter = 105
• Chronic noise
• Decibel = power
• Frequency = pitch
• Low frequency
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10 100 1000 10,000
500 ft
700 ft
1000 ft
300 ft
distance
from CS
Frequency (Hz)
• 300Hz ≤ Low freq
• Most “power” (high dB level) is low freq noise
Low Frequency
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Source: Tom Gabrielson
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• Planning tool
• Categorized based on distance and size• Primitive = 1000ac
and 1mi from road
• Managing land to ensure wilderness experience
• Noise impacts not fully considered
PrimitiveSemi-Primitive Non-Motorized
Semi-Primitive Motorized Developed
Most remote & natural Least remote & natural
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1.2km
11.2km
160Hz2000Hz
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What we know:
• Anticipate ↑ development on state forest lands
• ↑ compressor stations
• CS emit low frequency sound
• Low frequencies travel far
• ROS is a current planning tool
Source: PA Forest Coalition
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What we want to know:
• What is the spatial extent of the gas compressor noise?
• Would noise propagation models modify ROS maps?
• What topographic features may ↓ CS noise propagation?
Source: PA Forest Coalition
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• 1980’s: System for the Prediction of Acoustic Detectability (SPreAD)
• Developed by USFS and EPA
• 2010: GIS model
• Model noise propagation from a point
• Low frequency range
1. Topography2. Land cover3. Wind speed and
direction
4. Air temperature5. Humidity6. Season
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• 13 frequencies
• Empirical data for CS 289
• Run all frequencies
• Compare noise propagation:• Area• Distance
• Frequency with max area & distance
• Run model for other sites at this frequency
• Overlay with ROS
Frequency (Hz)
125
160
200
250
315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
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11km
5km
1km
125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000Frequency (Hz)
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500 ft
700 ft
1000 ft
300 ft
distance
from CS
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CS 595
N
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• CS produce low frequency noise
• Low frequency noise travels 11-14km*
• Areas as large as 1,400 ha (3,500 ac)*
• ROS may require modification
• Topography could influence noise spread
• Basins may be best for new CS placement to contain sound
*Note: propagation doesn’t necessarily mean impact or audible sound
11km
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• Penn State University
• Dr. Julian Avery• Penn State Advisor
• Dr. Tom Gabrielson• Penn State Acoustics Lab
• SUU GIS Lab
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