nomenclature rules!
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Nomenclature Rules!. Nomeclature. One name for each substance, one substance for each (valid) name. If it is a…. The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems. Ionic compounds Covalent compounds Acids. If it is a…. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nomeclature
One name for each substance, one substance for each (valid)
name
If it is a…
• The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems.
1. Ionic compounds
2. Covalent compounds
3. Acids
If it is a…
• The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems.
1. Ionic compounds—begins with a metal
2. Covalent compounds—no metals
3. Acids—begins with H
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO
• BaCl2• Na2SO3
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide
• BaCl2• Na2SO3
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Not “oxygen”
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide
• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Not “dichloride”
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide
• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Look it up!
Now, wait a minute
• Two comounds of bromine and nickel are possible.
NiBr3 and NiBr2
• You can’t call them both nickel bromide
• Transition element ions are written with a Roman numeral to show the charge.
Now, wait a minute
NiBr3 and NiBr2
• The (-) ion tells you the charge on the metal.
• 3 x -1=-3Nickel has a +3 charge
• 2 x -1=-2Nickel has a +2 charge
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide
• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite
• NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide
• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite
• NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide
• Fe2(CrO4)3 iron (III) chromateName the ions
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• NaBr
• K2O
• (NH4)2CO3
• FeS
• CrI3
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• NaBr sodium bromide
• K2O potassium oxide
• (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate
• FeS iron (II) sulfide
• CrI3 chromium (III) iodide
Warnings
• Group metals (group 1 and 2 and aluminum) do not get a Roman numeral
• Count your charges to get the transition element charge. The Roman numeral is part of an ion’s name
• Watch out for Hg+2 vs Hg2+2, O-2 vs O2
-2
Ionic compounds: Name to formula
• Balance your charges
• Lithium chloride
• calcium bromide
• Aluminum sulfate
• cobalt (II) oxide
• nickel (III) nitrite
Ionic compounds: Name to formula
• Balance your charges
• Lithium chloride LiCl
• calcium bromide CaBr2
• Aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3
• cobalt (II) oxide CoO
• nickel (III) nitrite Ni(NO2)3
Warnings
• Use () when you double or triple a polyatomic ion
• Balance your charges
Prefixes (Back of your chart)
1. Mono-
2. Di-
3. Tri-
4. Tetra-
5. Penta-
6. Hexa-
7. Hepta-
8. Octo-
9. Nona-
10. Deca-
11. Undeca-
12. Dodeca-
13. Trisdeca-
…
20. Icosa-
PS—Hydrated salts
• Hydrated salts are written with • x H20
• They are named with (prefix)hydrate
• For example:
Cobalt (II) chloride dihydrate = CoCl2• 2H20
Covalent compounds: Formula to name
• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide)
• N2S5
• CCl4• P2O5
• BF3
Covalent compounds: Formula to name
• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide)
• N2S5 dinitrogen pentasulfide
• CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
• P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide
• BF3 boron trifluoride
Warnings
• First element is named, second one ends in “–ide”
• An “a” or “o” is dropped from the prefix before “–oxide”
• The “mono-” prefix is omitted on the first atom
Covalent compounds: Name to formula
• Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts
• nitrogen trichloride
• Arsenic trioxide
• Bromine monochloride
• Xenon tetrafluoride
Covalent compounds: Name to formula
• Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts
• nitrogen trichloride NCl3• Arsenic trioxide AsO3
• Bromine monochloride BrCl
• Xenon tetrafluoride XeF4
Acids
• If the anion name then the acid name
• ends in…. is…
Acids
• If the anion name then the acid name
• ends in…. is…
• --ide Hydro___ic acid
• (hypo--) --ite Hypo___ous acid
• --ite ___ous acid
• --ate ___ic acid
• (per--) –ate Per ___ic acid
AcidsFormula to name• HI is _________acid
• HBrO4 is _________acid
• H2CO3 is _________acid
• H2SO3 is ________acid
• HClO is ___________acid
AcidsFormula to name• HI is hydroiodic acid
• HBrO4 is perbromic acid
• H2CO3 is carbonic acid
• H2SO3 is sulfurous acid
• HClO is hypochlorous acid
Acids Name to formula
• ____is hydrocyanic acid
• ____ is periodic acid
• _____ is phosphoric acid
• _____ is nitrous acid
• ____ is hypoiodous acid
Acids Name to formula
• HCN is hydrocyanic acid
• HIO4 is periodic acid
• H3PO4 is phosphoric acid
• HNO2 is nitrous acid
• HIO is hypoiodous acid
What is the name?
• K2S
• CrO3
• CaSO4•2H2O
• Pb(C2H3O2)2
• CuI2
What is the name?
• K2S Potassium sulfide
• CrO3 Chromium (VI) oxide
• CaSO4•2H2O Calcium sulfate dihydrate
• Pb(C2H3O2)2 Lead (II) acetate
• CuI2 Copper (II) iodide
• Gold (I) chloride
• Lithium oxide
• Iron (II) cyanide
• Potassium chlorate
• Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate
What is the formula?
• Gold (I) chloride AuCl
• Lithium oxide Li2O
• Iron (II) cyanide Fe(CN)2
• Potassium chlorate KClO3
• Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate Ni(NO3)2•6H2O
What is the formula?
• N2O3
• P4O6
• Cl2O
• XeF2
• BrF5
What is the name?
• N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
• P4O6 tetraphosphorus hexoxide
• Cl2O dichlorine monoxide
• XeF2 xenon difluoride
• BrF5 bromine pentafluoride
What is the name?
• Phosphorus trihydride
• Dinitrogen monoxide
• Bromine monochloride
• Xenon trioxide
• Iodine heptafluoride
What is the formula?
• Phosphorus trihydride PH3
• Dinitrogen monoxide N2O
• Bromine monochloride BrCl
• Xenon trioxide XeO3
• Iodine heptafluoride IF7
What is the formula?
• H3PO4
• H2SO3
• HClO3
• H2CrO4
• HCN
What is the name?
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• H2SO3 sulfurous acid
• HClO3 chloric acid
• H2CrO4 chromic acid
• HCN hydrocyanic acid
What is the name?
• Hypochlorous acid
• Hydrobromic acid
• Oxalic acid
• Nitrous acid
• Perchloric acid
What is the formula?
• Hypochlorous acid HClO
• Hydrobromic acid HBr
• Oxalic acid H2C2O4
• Nitrous acid HNO2
• Perchloric acid HClO4
What is the formula?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
Do you get it?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
Copper (I) sulfide
Copper (II) sulfide
Do you get it?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
Copper (I) sulfide
Copper (II) sulfide
Do you get it?
• Oxygen gas
• Calcium metal
• Solid phosphorus
• Fluorine gas
• Argon gas
What is the formula?
• Oxygen gas O2
• Calcium metal Ca(s)
• Solid phosphorus P4
• Fluorine gas F2
• Argon gas Ar
What is the formula?
• Mn(s)
• H2
• I2
• S8
• Br2
What is the name?
• Mn(s) manganese metal
• H2 hydrogen gas
• I2 solid iodine
• S8 solid sulfur
• Br2 liquid bromine
What is the name?
Name these compounds
• Common Name Chemical Formula
• a. Sugar of lead Pb(C2H3O2) 2
• b. Blue vitrol CuSO4
• c. Epsom salts MgSO4•7H2O
• d. Milk of magnesia Mg(OH) 2
• e. Gypsum CaSO4
• f. Laughing gas N2O
Write the formula
• Sulfur difluoride • Sulfur hexafluoride • Sodium dihydrogen
phosphate • Lithium nitride • Chromium (III)
carbonate • Tin (II) fluoride
• Ammonium acetate • Ammonium hydrogen
sulfate • Cobalt (III) nitrate • Mercury (I) chloride • Potassium chlorate • Sodium hydride
What is the name?
NaCl RbBr CsF
AlI3 HI NO
NF3 N2F4 N2Cl2 SiF4
H2Se HNO3 HNO2
H3PO4 H3PO3 NaHSO4 Ca(HSO3)2 Ru(NO3)3 V2O5