Nomenclature:Type III and Acids

Elizabeth Sikora & Roxanne Schoen

Type III : Binary Covalent Compounds

• Binary covalent compounds are when two non-metals form a chemical compound

Type III : Binary Covalent Compounds• When naming the first element shown keeps its original name and only

uses a prefix when it is greater than one molecule. The second element shown is named according to the anion name ending in –ide and always uses prefixes.

• When finding formulas there is no criss-crossing of the charges, you tell the number of molecules per element only by the prefix.

1=mono2=di3=tri4=tetra5=penta

6=hexa 7=hecta 8=octa 9=nona10=deca

Type III : Binary Covalent Compounds

Example 1:

CO2 = Carbon Dioxide• –Since both elements are nonmetals, you know it is a type III

compound.• –The first element, Carbon, is a single molecule so it has no prefix • –The second element, Oxygen, is presented twice so the prefix di- is

added along with the anion ending –ide.

AcidsAcids are a compound containing the ionizable proton (H+)When finding a formula for an acid, you must take the element or

poloytomic’s charge and criss-crossing it with (H+)

Polytomics with oxygen are named by taking the root of the polyotomic and either dropping the –ate and putting in –ic or by dropping the –ite and putting –ous.

Acids which do not contain oxygen are named by adding the prefix hydro- to the root name of the element followed by the suffix –ic

Acids with Poloytomics containing oxygen• Example 1:

H2SO4 = sulfuric acid–Sulfuric Acid is made by taking the polytomic sulfate (SO4

-2) and criss-crossing the charge of H+1 the name is made by dropping the –ate and adding –ic

• Example 2:

H2SO3 = sulfurous acid –Sulfurous Acid is made by taking the polytomic sulfite (SO3

-2) and criss-crossing the charge of H+1 the name is made by dropping the –ite and adding –ic

Acids that do not contain oxygen• Example 1:

H3P = Hydrophosphoric Acid–Hydrophosphoric Acid is made by taking the element Phosphorous (P-3) and combining it with Hydrogen (H+1) and criss-crossing the charges. The name is made by using the root of phosphorous (phospor) and adding the prefix hydro- and suffix -ic

Name the chemical compound:

HBrAnswer:

Hydrobromic acidWhen hydrogen combined with Bromine, you add the hyrdo- and –ic

because it is a single element combined with Hydrogen

Give the formula for:

Phosphorous trioxideAnswer:

PO3Since there is no prefix in front of phosphorus, it means it’s a single molecule whereas oxygen has 3 molecules and is given the prefix -tri

Give the formula for:

Hydrocyanic AcidAnswer:

HCNSince cyanide and hydrogen’s charges cancel out, there is only one

molecule of each.

Give the formula for:

Hydroiodic AcidAnswer:

HISince the hydrogen and iodine charges cancel each other out, you are just

left with the combination of the single molecules.

Name the chemical compoud:

S6F5Answer:

Hexasulfur PentafluorideSince there are six sulfur molecules you give the prefix –hexa to sulfur.

Since there are five fluorine molecules you add the prefix –penta to the name. Since it is the second element you also add the suffix –ide.

Name the chemical compound:

H2SO4Answer:

Sulfuric AcidWhen naming an acid with oxygen, you must use the root of the original

polyatomic sulfate (SO4-2) and drop the –ate ending and replace it with -

ic

Give the formula for:

Phosphorous AcidAnswer:

H3PO3When combining H+1 and the polyatomic PO3

+3 you must cross their charges.

Give the formula for:

Dinitrogen hexoxideAnswer:

N2O6The prefix –di on nitrogen means there are two nitrogen molecules and the

prefix hex on oxygen means there are six oxygen molecules

What is the proper name and formula for the molecular compound:

3 sulfur and 5 chlorine atoms

Answer:

S3Cl5 and Trisulfur pentachloride

What is the proper name and formula for the acid formed when you combine:

hydrogen and nitrate

Answer:

HNO3 and Nitric Acid

Key Points to Remember:• Type III:

– 2 nonmetals, no crossing, use prefixes.• Acids:

– Cross charges– Polyotomics with oxygen: ate ic, ite ous– Single elements: hydro + root of element + ic

Biblography• http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/chem0010/unit4/4.3.

2_property_nonmetals.htm (nonmetal periodic table picture)