NON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

NON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

A design in which the researcher is a passive agent, who observes, measures, and describes a phenomenon as it occurs or exists

CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL

DESIGNNo manipulation.

No causality establishment.

A question or hypothesis is proposed.

A variable, two or more… different level of complexity.

Gives an overall picture of a phenomenon

TYPES

PureDescriptive

• Qualitative

Correlational Descriptive• Retrospect

ive• Prospectiv

e

Others

• Survey• Case study• Historical

research

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

Personal interviews.

Telephone interviews.

Questionnaires.

Statistical records.

Observation. devices.

Physical measurement.

Psychological measurement.

Reporting.

Rating

Interview.

THE PURPOSE OF CASE STUDY

Relationships between phenomena.

Explaining

Describing

Exploring

A systematic method for gathering

information from (a sample of) individuals for the purposes of describing the attributes of the larger population of which the individuals are members.

The attributes attempt to describe basic characteristics or experiences of large and small populations in our world.

TYPES OF SURVEY

Cross sectional

Longitudinal

Trend

Time cohort

Panel

For a survey to succeed, it must minimize the risk of two types of error: poor measurement of cases that are surveyed (errors of observation) and omission of cases that should be surveyed (errors of nonobservation) (Groves, 1989).

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH

DESIGN Appropriateness to the research problem.

Lack of bias.

Control.

Precision.

Internal validity.

External validity.