non experimental design
TRANSCRIPT
NON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
A design in which the researcher is a passive agent, who observes, measures, and describes a phenomenon as it occurs or exists
CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNNo manipulation.
No causality establishment.
A question or hypothesis is proposed.
A variable, two or more… different level of complexity.
Gives an overall picture of a phenomenon
TYPES
PureDescriptive
• Qualitative
Correlational Descriptive• Retrospect
ive• Prospectiv
e
Others
• Survey• Case study• Historical
research
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Personal interviews.
Telephone interviews.
Questionnaires.
Statistical records.
Observation. devices.
Physical measurement.
Psychological measurement.
Reporting.
Rating
Interview.
A systematic method for gathering
information from (a sample of) individuals for the purposes of describing the attributes of the larger population of which the individuals are members.
The attributes attempt to describe basic characteristics or experiences of large and small populations in our world.
TYPES OF SURVEY
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Trend
Time cohort
Panel
For a survey to succeed, it must minimize the risk of two types of error: poor measurement of cases that are surveyed (errors of observation) and omission of cases that should be surveyed (errors of nonobservation) (Groves, 1989).
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH
DESIGN Appropriateness to the research problem.
Lack of bias.
Control.
Precision.
Internal validity.
External validity.