non-indigenous heritage assessment · 2019. 9. 28. · proposal and a statement of heritage impact...

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PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION MONA VALE ROAD UPGRADE TERREY HILLS TO INGLESIDE, NSW NON-INDIGENOUS HERITAGE ASSESSMENT

REPORT BY JCIS CONSULTANTS Prepared for GHD Pty Ltd and Roads and Maritime Services

JCIS Consultants Report 11-021

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DISTRIBUTION

Date: 14th March, 2012

Document Control Type No. Recipient Date

Draft 1 GHD Pty Ltd 05/09/2011

Draft 2 GHD Pty Ltd 09/01/2012

Final 1 GHD Pty Ltd 14/03/2012

JCIS Consultants retains one copy of all its reports in our library and a PDF copy in our computer archives.

This document was prepared for the sole use of GHD and Roads and Maritime Services and the regulatory agencies that are directly involved in this project, which are the only intended beneficiaries of our work. No other party should rely on the information contained in this report without the prior written consent of JCIS Consultants, GHD and Roads and Maritime Services. Please contact JCIS Consultants for further information about this report.

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CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background to this report ............................................................................... 3 1.2 Study Area ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Heritage Listings ............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Author Identification ........................................................................................ 4 1.5 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ 4

2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5 2.1 Statutory Controls Relating to Heritage .......................................................... 5

2.1.1 Commonwealth Legislation ............................................................. 5 2.1.2 New South Wales Legislation ......................................................... 5 2.1.3 Environment Planning and Assessment Act 1979 .......................... 6 2.1.4 State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 ............ 7

3 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Limitations ....................................................................................................... 8

4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................... 10 4.1 Geology and Landscape ............................................................................... 10 4.2 Early post-contact settlement ....................................................................... 11 4.3 Closer Settlement ......................................................................................... 11

4.3.1 Samuel Hill’s land (Portions 67 and 89) ........................................ 12 4.3.2 Portion 7 ........................................................................................ 13 4.3.3 Portion 83 ...................................................................................... 14 4.3.4 Public Reserve .............................................................................. 14 4.3.5 Portion 69 ...................................................................................... 15 4.3.6 Portion 88 ...................................................................................... 16 4.3.7 Portion 91 ...................................................................................... 16 4.3.8 Portion 90 ...................................................................................... 17 4.3.9 Portion 78 ...................................................................................... 17

4.4 Transportation............................................................................................... 18 4.4.1 Original Road ................................................................................ 18 4.4.2 Road Widening 1938-1942 ........................................................... 18 4.4.3 Railways ........................................................................................ 19

4.5 Military use .................................................................................................... 20 4.6 Contextual Analysis: Historic Themes .......................................................... 20

5 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ............................................................................................... 23 5.1 Predicted Surface and Sub-surface evidence .............................................. 23 5.2 Known Heritage in the Study Area ............................................................... 24 5.3 Archaeological and Heritage surveys ........................................................... 25

5.3.1 Initial Inspection ............................................................................ 25

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5.3.2 Survey ........................................................................................... 25 5.4 Results .......................................................................................................... 26

5.4.1 Site of Legge’s house.................................................................... 27 5.5 Comment ...................................................................................................... 27

6 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ........................................................................... 28 6.1 Principles ...................................................................................................... 28 6.2 Basis for the Assessment ............................................................................. 28 6.3 Significance Assessment .............................................................................. 29

6.3.1 Items associated with Mona Vale road ......................................... 29 6.3.2 Significance of Items in relation to Mona Vale Road .................... 30 6.3.3 Summary of Significance Assessment .......................................... 37

7 POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS .............................................. 38 7.1 Recommendations ........................................................................................ 39

7.1.1 Further heritage and archaeological works ................................... 39 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 40

8.1 Published works ........................................................................................... 40 8.2 Newspapers .................................................................................................. 40 8.3 Maps and plans ............................................................................................ 41

9 MAPS AND PLANS ..................................................................................................... 43 10 INVENTORY DATASHEETS....................................................................................... 54 11 REGISTER SEARCHES .............................................................................................. 79

Preliminary Environmental Impact — Mona Vale Road Upgrade Terrey Hills to Ingleside, NSW

Non-Indigenous Heritage Assessment

JCIS Consultants 11-021 14/03/2012

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY JCIS Consultants was contracted by GHD Pty Ltd to undertake the Non-Aboriginal Heritage Assessment for a Preliminary Environmental Investigation (PEI) for planning to enhance capacity and efficiency in the single lane sections of Mona Vale Road between Terrey Hills and Ingleside.

The requirements for Non-Aboriginal Heritage were the historic research of the study area, predictive modelling for potential archaeology and investigation of built, archaeological and landscape items. For each item identified, a preliminary assessment of significance was required and identification of the curtilage where possible.

The study area for the project was generally the area of Mona Vale Road between McCarrs Creek Road, Terrey Hills and Powder Works Road, Ingleside with a 50 metre buffer from the edge of the existing road alignment on either side.

Two heritage items were located within the study area both listed on the Pittwater Local Environmental Plan 1993 (Pittwater LEP):

• Mona Vale Road – Nos. 169, 169A and 169B – Group of Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata) .

• Mona Vale Road – No. 173 – Bahá'í House of Worship (also known as The Bahá'í Temple).

In addition historical research and archaeological survey identified the following items:

Item Name Heritage Listing

Heritage Significance

1 Road Alignment None Local 2 Cairn None Local 3 Quarried Area None Local 4 Quarry marks on cutting faces None Local 5 Memorial None Local 6 Artefact scatter None None 7 Whale Rock None Local 8 Structure and track None Local 9 Engraved Rock None Local 10 Engraving in shelter None Local 11 Road alignment None Local 12 Bahá'í House of Worship Pittwater LEP Local 13 Group of Monterey Pines

(Pinus radiata) Pittwater LEP Local

It was recommended that, in accordance to heritage management principals, the preferred route should aim to minimise impact on heritage items.




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When the preferred route is known, a Heritage Assessment should be undertaken to adequately determine the nature and location of heritage items in proximity to the proposal and a Statement of Heritage Impact should be undertaken to determine any potential impacts on those heritage items. Where there is an unavoidable impact, steps should be undertaken to implement mitigation of that impact. Such steps might include archival recording and interpretation. These would be outlined in the statement of heritage impact.




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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to this report Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) has commenced planning to enhance capacity and efficiency for light and heavy vehicles in the single lane sections on Mona Vale Road between Terrey Hills and Ingleside, including the identification of corridor requirements.

As part of the planning for this project, RMS has commissioned GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) to undertake a Preliminary Environmental Investigation (PEI). The tasks involved in the preparation of a PEI include: the investigation of environmental constraints through literature, database, spatial data, Preliminary Ecological Assessment, Preliminary Aboriginal Cultural Heritage report and field surveys as appropriate.

The requirements for Non-Aboriginal Heritage were the historic research of the study area, predictive modelling for potential archaeology and investigation of built, archaeological and landscape items. For each item identified, a preliminary assessment of significance was required and identification of the curtilage where possible.

JCIS Consultants was contracted by GHD to undertake the Non-Aboriginal Heritage investigation.

1.2 Study Area The project study area is generally the area of Mona Vale Road between McCarrs Creek Road, Terrey Hills and Powder Works Road, Ingleside with a 50 metre buffer from the edge of the existing road alignment on either side. It also incorporates the intersections of McCarrs Creek Road, Kimbriki Road, Tumburra Street, Addison Road and Powder Works Road and a 100 metre buffer from the northern edge of the road alignment to an area which incorporates Whale Rock (see Figure 1).

1.3 Heritage Listings The NSW State Heritage Inventory was searched 14th July 2011. No items were recorded as occurring in the study area.

The Pittwater and Warringah Local Environmental Plans were also searched on the 14th

July 2011 as was the National Trust Register.

There are two items pertinent to the study area on the Pittwater Local Environmental Plan 1993 (Pittwater LEP):

Mona Vale Road – Nos. 169, 169A and 169B – Group of Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata) – cadastral address Lots 201, 202 and 203 in DP 1054875.

Mona Vale Road – No. 173 – Bahá'í House of Worship (also known as The Bahá'í Temple). The cadastral address is listed in the PLEP 1993 as Lot 51 in DP 1053225; however, NSW Land and Property Information list the cadastral address as being Lot 52 in DP1152609.




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No items in the study area were identified in the Warringah Local Environmental Plan 2000 (WLEP 2000) or the National Trust Register.

The Australian Heritage Database was searched on the 14th July 2011. There were no items of historic heritage identified as being in the study area.

It should be noted that the Tumbledown Dick Road Cutting, Mona Vale Road, Ingleside was identified as being listed on the Register of National Estate as an item of natural heritage significance (Registered 30/06/1992; Place ID 14267 0; Place File No 1/13/037/0014); however, as this item is listed as being an item of natural heritage significance it is outside the scope of this study.

The RMS Section 170 Heritage Conservation Register was specifically searched (other agencies Section 170 registers are part of State Heritage Inventory) on the 14th July 2011, but no items on that register are located within the study area.

The Kelleher & Nightingale Consulting Pty Ltd Report (2011) (Kelleher 2011) identified that one of the Aboriginal sites recorded in the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS) had a historical component. This was “Cow and Old Man with Hat” AHIMS 45-6-00101 which was, unfortunately, not relocated in their survey work.

1.4 Author Identification This Heritage Assessment was prepared by Dr Iain Stuart and Jane Cummins Stuart of JCIS Consultants.

1.5 Acknowledgements Mathew Kelleher, Mark Rawson and Josh Symons, Kelleher & Nightingale

Consulting Pty. Ltd.

Mr Denis Gojak, former local resident

Dr Terry Kass, Historian




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2 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Statutory Controls Relating to Heritage The nature and level of relevant statutory controls to protect cultural heritage within the study area are set out below.

2.1.1 Commonwealth Legislation

2.1.1.1 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (as amended 2003)

This Act has been amended to protect heritage places of National significance or those heritage places which the Commonwealth owns. The amendment replaced the Australian Heritage Commission with the Australian Heritage Council and created a Commonwealth Heritage list and a National Heritage List. Actions by the Commonwealth or any actions having a significant impact on items on the above two lists or the Register of National Estate should be referred to the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities for consideration.

The Australian Heritage Database was searched on the 14th July 2011. There is no listing for any sites in the study area and, therefore, there is no requirement for RMS to comply with Commonwealth legislation in regard to heritage.

2.1.2 New South Wales Legislation

2.1.2.1 Heritage Act (NSW) 1977

The Heritage Act 1977 (NSW) has the purpose of conserving items of environmental heritage of NSW. Environmental heritage is broadly defined under Section 4 of the Heritage Act as consisting of the following items: ‘those places, buildings, works, relics,moveable objects, and precincts, of State or Local heritage significance”.’

The Heritage Act is designed to protect both known heritage items (such as standing structures) and items that may not be immediately obvious (such as potential archaeological remains or ‘relics’). Different parts of the Heritage Act deal with these different situations and the Act provides a number of mechanisms by which items and places of heritage significance may be protected.

State Heritage Register

The study does not contain any items listed on the State Heritage Register (SHR) and is not subject to an Interim Heritage Order (IHO) under the Heritage Act 1977 (NSW).

Archaeological Relics

Section 139 of the Heritage Act protects archaeological 'relics' from being 'exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed' by the disturbance or excavation of land. This protection extends to the situation where a person has 'reasonable cause to suspect' that




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archaeological remains may be affected by the disturbance or excavation of the land. It applies to all land in NSW that is not included on the SHR.

Amendments to the Heritage Act made in 2009 changed the definition of an archaeological ‘relic’ under the Act. A relic is now an archaeological deposit, resource or feature that has heritage significance at a local or State level. The definition is no longer based on age.

A 'relic' is defined by the Heritage Act as:

“Any deposit, object or material evidence:

(a) which relates to the settlement of the area that comprises NSW, not being Aboriginal settlement, and

(b) which is of State or Local significance

If a relic (including shipwrecks in NSW waters – that is rivers, harbours, lakes and enclosed bays) is located, the discoverer is required to notify the Heritage Council of NSW.

Section 139 of the Heritage Act requires any person who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that their proposed works will expose or disturb a 'relic' to first obtain an Excavation Permit from the Heritage Council of NSW (pursuant to Section 140 of the Act), unless there is an applicable exception (pursuant to Section 139(4)).

Exceptions exist under Section 139(4) to the standard Section 140 process for applications that meet the appropriate exception criterion. An application to the Heritage Office is still required to be made for an exception.

If an exception has been granted and, during the course of the development, substantial intact archaeological relics of State or Local significance, not identified in the archaeological assessment or statement required by this exception, are unexpectedly discovered during excavation, work must cease in the affected area and the Heritage Office must be notified in writing in accordance with section 146 of the Heritage Act 1977 (NSW). Depending on the nature of the discovery, additional assessment and, possibly, an excavation permit maybe required prior to the recommencement of excavation in the affected area.

Of the 13 Heritage Items identified in the course of the study, only Item 6 and Item 8 contained elements that could be considered as “a deposit, object or material evidence”. Item 6 is a modern artefact scatter and is not of State or Local Significance. Item 8 is potentially of Local Significance and, therefore, could potentially be considered a relic to which the Section 139 provisions might apply.

2.1.3 Environment Planning and Assessment Act 1979

Planning and development in NSW is carried out under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 and Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000. This legislation allows the making of Regional and Local Environmental plans with provisions that protect heritage items, heritage conservation areas and archaeological sites.




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The study area lies within the Warringah and the Pittwater Local Government Areas (LGA).

Heritage items within the Warringah LGA are protected under the provisions of the Warringah L 2000 (as amended) (LEP), Division 7 – Heritage. However no heritage items in the study area are listed on the Warringah LEP.

Heritage items within the Pittwater LGA are protected under the provisions of the Pittwater LEP, Division 8 – Heritage Provisions and by being listed on Schedule 9 to that LEP.

Nevertheless, it is presumed that works undertaken by RMS to enhance the capacity and efficiency of Mona Vale Road will fall within the provisions of State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 (SEPP (Infrastructure) 2007).

2.1.4 State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007

The aim of SEPP (Infrastructure) 2007 is “to facilitate the effective delivery of infrastructure across the State…”

The clause that relates specifically to the study area is Clause 14 as follows:

“14 Consultation with councils — development with impacts on local heritage (1) This clause applies to development carried out by or on behalf

of a public authority if the development:

(a) is likely to have an impact that is not minor or inconsequential on a local heritage item (other than a local heritage item that is also a State heritage item) or a heritage conservation area, and

(b) is development that this Policy provides may be carried out without consent.

(2) A public authority, or a person acting on behalf of a public authority, must not carry out development to which this clause applies unless the authority or the person has:

(a) had an assessment of the impact prepared, and

(b) given written notice of the intention to carry out the development, with a copy of the assessment, to the council for the area in which the heritage item or heritage conservation area (or the relevant part of such an area) is located, and

(c) taken into consideration any response to the notice that is received from the council within 21 days after the notice is given.”

It is therefore likely that, under the provisions of this SEPP, a development application would not be required for works effecting items listed on either the Pittwater LEP or the Warringah LEP.




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3 METHODOLOGY The project brief for the Preliminary Environmental Investigation required that the following work be undertaken for Non-Aboriginal Heritage:

historic research of the study area;

predictive modelling for potential archaeology; and

investigation of built, archaeological and landscape items.

It was a requirement that a preliminary assessment of significance would be undertaken for each item identified with the identification of the curtilage, where possible.

Our approach was to undertake an initial assessment of background information for the study area. This identified that, although the study area had not been systematically surveyed for non-Indigenous heritage, there were two sites listed on the Pittwater LEP (see Section 1.3).

RMS provided JCIS Consultants with a GIS file that gave the location of three historical sites: namely, a cairn adjacent to the Bahá'í Temple (but not within the curtilage of the Temple); surveyor’s markings near the junction of Tumburra Street and Mona Vale Road;and a rock shelter west of Kimbriki Road.

JCIS Consultants undertook historical research with the aim of identifying the location of potential heritage items or historic archaeological sites. Our research identified a number of sites and potential archaeological areas. Based on these predictions, an archaeological survey was undertaken. The aims of the survey were:

1. to relocate and record the three sites recorded by Kelleher and Nightingale;

2. to inspect the area of Legge’s house and record any physical evidence located there; and

3. to inspect cuttings and old road sections along Mona Vale Road.

A total of 11 new heritage items were identified in addition to the two listed on the Pittwater LEP. These were assessed for their heritage significance using the NSW Heritage Assessment Criteria.

The methodology used in the preparation of this report is broadly consistent with the guidelines of the NSW Heritage Office and the principles outlined in the Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter).

The terminology used in this report is consistent with the NSW Heritage Manual and the definitions contained in the Burra Charter.

3.1 Limitations This report is based on historical research and field inspections. It is possible that further historical research or the emergence of new historical sources may support different interpretations of the evidence in this report.




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The register searches undertaken for this report are current only to the date a particular register was searched. In the normal course of events, items are added to or removed from heritage registers and users of this report should check that sites have not been added or removed from a particular register since the date the register was searched.

As this was a preliminary environmental impact study, JCIS Consultants did not attempt to cover 100% of the study area but focused instead on predicting the location of heritage items on the basis of documentary research. Moreover, the ground surface visibility of the study area was generally poor due to the density of the vegetation growing in many sections of the study area making it possible that archaeological remains were not visible because they were obscured by this vegetation.

The Significance Assessment made in this report is a combination of both facts and interpretation of those facts in accordance with a standard set of assessment criteria. It is possible that another professional may interpret the historical facts and physical evidence in a different way.

A summary of the statutory requirements regarding heritage is provided in Section 2. This is made on the basis of our experience of working with the NSW heritage system and does not purport to be legal advice. It should be noted that legislation, regulations and guidelines change over time and users of this report should satisfy themselves that the statutory requirements have not changed since the report was written.




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4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The history of the study area has been discussed in detail with the aim of identifying the location of potential heritage items or historic archaeological sites.

The historical research has been based primarily on land records and on searches in the digital Australian Newspapers on-line via the Trove website. It is likely that more detailed research in Conditional Purchase files held in State Records NSW and files on Main Road 162 held by RMS and also in State Records NSW would find more historical details on land use and road construction in the study area. However, sufficient historical research has been undertaken in this report to identify the history of the study area and sites of historical archaeological potential.

4.1 Geology and Landscape The history of Mona Vale Road and the study area can be best understood in the context of the regional geology and landscape of the area which have had an important influence on the settlement pattern of the area.

The study area is located within the Hornsby Plateau physiographic region of Sydney. The Hornsby Plateau is an area of sandstone plateaux dissected by rugged sandstone valleys (Chapman and Murphy 1989).

The study area forms part of a narrow (approximately 100m in width) ridge between two plateaux – the Ingleside Plateau to the east and the Duffys Forrest–Terry Hills Plateau to the west. The Ingleside Plateau contains elements of the Oxford Falls and the Somersby Soil Landscapes while the Duffys Forrest–Terry Hills Plateau mostly contains elements of the Somersby Soil Landscape (Chapman and Murphy 1989). These soil landscapes are the main plateau elements gently undulating with moderately deep soils.

There is a steep descent into the McCarrs Creek catchment to the north of the study area (the Wirreanda Creek being, at one time, considered as the eastern branch of McCarrs Creek). This area has been mapped as having a Hawkesbury Soil Landscape on the upper slopes and a Lambert Soil Landscape downhill. The Hawkesbury Soil Landscape is steeply sloped with shallow soils and sandstone outcrops and benches. The Lambert Soil Landscape is more moderately sloped but still with shallow soils and sandstone outcrops and benches. (Chapman and Murphy 1989).

To the south is an equally steep descent into the catchment of Narrabeen Lake. Like the northern area, the area to the south of the study area has been mapped as having a Hawkesbury Soil Landscape on the upper slopes and the Lambert Soil Landscape downhill. The slopes on the southern side are slightly steeper than those on the northern side.

Along the ridge line are two prominent rises; Tumbledown Dick (a name referring to the fall of Richard Cromwell) and Sugarloaf Hill (a common name and possibly referring to the shape of the hill as, until the late 19th Century, sugar came in the form of a cone-like shape).

From a communications perspective, the narrow ridge that links the two plateaux and forms the study area is the only feasible vehicular route between this area, St Ives and the




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Coast as it offers the easiest grades for vehicles, although the ridge itself has steep pitches.

From an agricultural perspective the skeletal soils and steep slopes of the offer poor prospects for farming.

4.2 Early post-contact settlement Early European settlement of Sydney was focused on the Cumberland Plain as the land was easily converted to farming. The earliest exploration parties in 1788 and 1789 explored the land north of Manly to Barrenjoey as well as the lower reaches of the Hawkesbury River. These initial explorations were followed by the first detailed survey of the coastal waters and the foreshore around Bayview, Newport, Church Point and McCarrs Creek to the north of Warriewood. In 1792, William Dawes also surveyed the region – walking from Manly to Barrenjoey – noting that the land north of Careel Bay appeared to be suitable for stock grazing. However, the isolation of the peninsula from the main settlement at Port Jackson and the ‘rough wooded country’ that dominated the local area kept European settlement restricted in the local landscape for another twenty years (Jeans 1972).

The relatively unoccupied and alienated nature of the region in comparison with the Cumberland Plain, that is only one land grant in the area by 1821, is illustrated in Jeans (1972). The inland area (including the study area) was surveyed in 1831-1832 by a number of Assistant Surveyors. Andrews, in his study of Major Mitchell’s Map, quotes from James Larmer, one of these surveyors, which may be a reference to the current study area as it discusses “a road from North Harbour to Narrabeen Lagoon” (Andrews 1992:247). Certainly some form of road is shown as being in the study area on Mitchell’sMap of 1834, which was a compilation of surveys undertaken 1829-1831. (Figure 2).

The existence of a road or track is confirmed as it is shown on the plan of the Parish of Broken Bay, dated 27th March 1835, as being part of the boundary between the Parish of Broken Bay and Parish of Narrabeen (Department of Lands, N. S. W. 1835); Figure 3.

The road is shown on Wells’ (1840, 1847 and 1857) and Bishop's (1860) maps. None of these maps show any evidence of settlement near or in the study area. The road itself seems to have been named Stoney Creek Road at this point of time with this name persisting until the early 20th century. The road linked the settlement at Pittwater with those on the North Shore and was often referred to as the road between Lane Cove and Narrabeen or Pittwater. The name seems to have changed to “Mona Vale Road” later; possibly when the Mona Vale Estate at Newport was subdivided in the 1920’s.

4.3 Closer Settlement In the 1880’s, land bordering on the Stoney Creek Road began to be occupied under the various provisions of the Crown Lands Alienation Act and its successors. This Act famously allowed free selection of unoccupied Crown Land and its purchase from the Crown over a period of time. The land being selected was known as a Conditional Purchase and the purchaser as a “selector”. The intention of the Act was to allow small farmers to get established on land originally leased from the Crown as squatting runs (the whole history is discussed in Stuart 2000). A critical point of the conditional purchase requirements was that the selector was supposed to “improve” their land to the value of £1




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per acre and to reside on their original selection for a period of one year. After these conditions were met, the land could be purchased over a long period of time (typically, in rural areas, over 20-30 years at the value of £1 per acre plus interest). This system allowed the quick and efficient purchase of Crown Land at an affordable cost.

As the legislation developed there were a number of alterations to the Act and, later, completely new Acts; however, the basic principal of “free selection” and the need to improve the land was maintained. This is to the advantage of historians and archaeologists as it was a Government requirement that improvements be recorded by surveyors and inspectors of Conditional Purchases, thus creating a record of items that may be of heritage significance.

The next section of this report discusses the land occupied along the edge of Stoney Creek Road. The boundary of what was Stoney Creek Road (now Mona Vale Road) has since been enlarged and, as a consequence, land that was occupied as farms now comes into the edges of the study area. Apart from recounting the history of the study area, it is also important to look for historical evidence of settlement along the property boundaries that might be within the study area.

In 1881 a detailed survey of Sydney included the study area (Figure 5) and shows that the study area had not been developed other than by the construction of the road (see below). This survey was the first detailed plan of the study area and was undertaken by Lieutenant Parrott, an Engineer with the Volunteer Engineers who worked with the NSW Survey Department establishing the trigonometrical survey of the State. As a consequence, his map is likely to be highly accurate.

Parrots survey thus forms a datum from which the period of closer settlement can be examined. Figure 6 is compiled from Parish maps showing the Portions discussed below.

4.3.1 Samuel Hill’s land (Portions 67 and 89)

These portions were part of a Conditional Purchase series started by the Conditional Purchase of Portion 66 (outside the study area) by Samuel Hills in 1881. Portion 67 was an Additional Conditional Purchase made in January 1882 of 100 acres (C421-2030) and the survey was undertaken on 12th August 1882 when no improvements were recorded. The purchase was completed with the issuing of Certificate of Title (CT) 854-34 on the 23rd June 1887.

Portion 89 was an Additional Conditional Purchase of 80 acres, less the reserve for the Pittwater Trig Station (excised in 1885), made by Hills in August 1882. The survey undertaken in 18th April 1884 recorded no improvements. The purchase was completed with the issuing of CT 855-35 on the 23rd June 1887.

Richardson and Wrench advertised the sale of the “Mount Pleasant Estate” several times in April 1888. The estate was described as “an area of 280 acres of good land having a frontage of about 1½ miles to the road North Shore to Pittwater, distant about 11 miles from St Leonards.”

“About 100 acres have been cleared 10 acres of which is cultivated comprising orchard and garden well watered from a spring and dam on the property. The improvements comprise numerous buildings of wood and slabs consisting of




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dwelling room, storerooms workshop cart and buggy sheds stable dairy, feed sheds, harness room etc.”

(1888 'Advertising', The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 April, p. 17)

No clue as to where these buildings were is given in the advertisement, though it seems likely that they would have been constructed on Hills’ original conditional purchase (Portion 66) in order to provide a residence so that Hills would comply with his residential requirements. This is borne out by the 1894 Reconnaissance Sketch which shows Mount Pleasant – the portion boundaries and buildings on Portion 66 (Anderson and Renny-Tailyour 1894 (Figure 7). This site is now the J. J. Melbourne Hills Memorial Reserve although any trace of the original Hills’ homestead does not appear to have survived (Parkland Environmental Planners 2010).

Hills was successful in selling the land (his family moved to land opposite the original lot) to a Thomas Robert Alt on 23rd May 1888. Alt was a Sydney-based businessman but seems not to have developed the land.

The next transaction recorded on the title is an Application by Transmission by the Permanent Trustee Company of NSW on December 1909. The nature of this application suggests that Alt died with his business in a mess and that the Permanent Trustee Company of NSW was acting on behalf of a minor or someone incapable of holding land.

Permanent Trustee Company of NSW sold the land to a Leslie Wallace in June 1929 and Wallace continued to hold the land. In 1943 some of the land was resumed for the widening of Mona Vale Road. The resumption survey (R22575-1603) lists Wallace’s place of residence as being Blackheath. The 1947 aerial shows the land fronting Mona Vale Road in the study area as essentially bushland.

To conclude, this area of land within the study area seems to have been undeveloped following its selection in 1881-82 and the only potential remains that are likely to occur within the study area would be boundary fences.

4.3.2 Portion 7

Portion 7 was applied for as a Non-Residential Conditional Purchase under Section 47 of the Crown Lands Act 1884. This section of the Act allowed for Non-Residential Conditional Purchases provided that the following conditions were met:

The area of the conditional purchase was to be between 40 to 320 acres (including additional conditional purchases);

It was only available to people who had not previously held a conditional purchase;

The deposit was double that of a normal conditional purchase;

The land boundary had to be fenced within 12 months; and

After five years, the purchaser had to provide evidence of improvements to the value of £1 per acre, excluding boundary fencing.

The applicant for Portion 7 was Leonard Alexander Gray on the 2nd January 1890. The application was confirmed and the portion was surveyed on the 14th May 1890; no improvements were noted. The land was 288 acres between the right and left hand




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branches of McCarrs Creek, taking in the main ridge between them. A road was also surveyed on the western side of the ridge to allow access to other portions further to the north (C1425-2030).

The purchase was forfeited on 8th May 1901. The land was Reserved for Classification on 8th June 1901 and was afterwards reserved for Public Recreation in April 1940. It became part of Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in April 1941 with the exception of a section along the frontage of Mona Vale Road (see Public Reserve below).

There is no evidence of any improvements being made on this portion which may be the reason it was forfeited.

4.3.3 Portion 83

This land was a Conditional Purchase application by James Henry Legge on 31st May 1883. Originally 430 acres, it was on the east side of McCarrs Creek (now Wirreanda Creek) and was surveyed on 20th May 1884. The improvements were listed as “House £200.00” (see Figure 8 for the location of the house). Nevertheless, the application was declared void in 1884 and Portion 83 then became a measured portion (this meant it could be selected but it had already been surveyed).

Portion 83 was subdivided in 1885 (with areas outside the study area being renumbered). The section, including the study area, remained Portion 83 but of 320 acres and was selected as a Non-Residential Conditional Purchase by Alfred John Pope on the 29th

October 1885.

It appears that Alfred John Pope was a solicitor admitted to the bar in 1882 and resident in Ashfield in 1885. He was arrested and charged with misappropriating monies in 1895, stuck off the bar and declared bankrupt in 1898.

The Conditional Purchase was forfeited on 8th May 1901 but this was revoked in 1907. This land was included within the Reserve for Classification of 8th June 1901 (presumably the reason behind the forfeiture) but the revoking of this forfeiture allowed the subdivision of Portion 83 into a number of smaller portions by way of Conditional Purchases or lease.

The size of the portions and information on titles suggests that these smaller portions became small farms typical of those found on the urban fringe of Sydney. The 1947 aerial photograph shows at least three farms on Portions 136, 137 and 138 respectively. These were originally Special Purpose Leases made in the mid-1930’s which later became Conditional Purchases in the 1950’s. The land was used for market gardening.

Between these lots and Mona Vale Road was an access track which was later formalised as Wirreanda Road in 1988 and a Public Reserve (see Public Reserve below).

4.3.4 Public Reserve

The Public Reserve was created from Portions 7 and 83 in April 1940. It appears from newspaper reports that the impetus for the Reserve came from a suggestion from the National Roads and Motorists' Association (NRMA). The Sydney Morning Herald reported in April 1939:




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“The NRMA recently approached the Lands Department with a suggestion that two areas on Tumbledown Dick Hill on the road between St Ives and Mona Vale, French's Forest be acquired as public reserves.”

“The Department has advised the association that the site on the southern side of the road is on freehold land, and it considers that the entailed resumption would not be warranted. Regarding the area on the northern side however a comprehensive design for future disposal of a large area of Crown Land in this locality is being prepared and an appropriate area will be set aside for public recreation when the scheme is finalised.”

("TUMBLEDOWN DICK RESERVE" The Sydney Morning Herald 25 Apr 1939: 3)

The land, which included Whale Rock as well as the site of James Henry Legge’s house on Portion 83, remained as a Reserve until 1988 when it was added to Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park.

The 1947 Aerial photograph confirms that the Reserve remained undeveloped except for informal roads into properties on Portion 83.

4.3.5 Portion 69

This portion was an original Conditional Purchase of 100 acres by James Jones on the 13th October 1881. The land was relatively flat and part of the Ingleside Plateau. It was surveyed on the 18th September 1882 and improvements, namely a house to the value of £20, were recorded.

In January 1888 Jones paid the complete purchase price of £100 and thus became the owner of the land (CT 865-245). This was slightly unusual as often the final payments on Conditional Purchases could take 20-30 years to be made as there was no incentive to pay and interest was low or could even be forgiven if a compelling application was made. The payment in this case suggests that Jones was not a struggling farmer but had access to funds; in this case a loan from Thomas Neale of Sydney which was successively renewed until it was discharged in 1891. Jones then mortgaged the property to Edward Terry of Eastwood in 1891 with Terry becoming the owner – though Jones’s default – in 1899.

A series of small blocks were sold off and the remaining 78 acres were issued on a new title to James Jones in September 1914. The land was transferred to Grace Edith Wilson (a widow of Tempe) in August 1924. The land fronting Mona Vale Road (including the study area) was subdivided by DP 13953, which was approved in 1926.

The land was sold as the Threepwood Estate and land sales were advertised in the Sydney Morning Herald in late August and September 1926. The study area includes Lots 1 to 15 which were a series of small blocks of 1 acre to 2 roods in area. None of the land seems to have been sold in the initial sales – the first sale being recorded in 1932. The land was subsequently re-subdivided into larger lots for residential sale. The Wilson family held the land after Grace Wilson’s death in 1955 and sold it off in small farm lots.

A large portion of land, including the study area, was sold in 1955 to the Bahá'í community. The Bahá'í House of Worship was designed by John Brogan (a Sydney architect) from an initial concept by Charles Mason Remey (an American Bahá'í architect)




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and building began in April 1957. Construction took four years and cost approximately £150,000. The building was dedicated on 17 September 1961 (Bahá'í House of Worship - Dictionary of Sydney).

The 1947 aerial photograph shows those parts of Portion 69 within the study area to be unoccupied, apart from a road deviation. The original house noted on the survey plan was not located within the study area and the areas of cultivation bounded by shelterbelt tree plantations were located near the junction of Mona Vale Road and Powder Works Road.

4.3.6 Portion 88

This portion, measuring 71 acres and 3 roods, was one of a series of four portions to the south of Mona Vale Road running south into the catchment of the Narrabeen Lakes and including Deep Creek. The application was made under Section 19 of the Crown Lands Alienation Act (1861). This provision covered selection of land for mining other than gold mining and involved conditions such as the expenditure of £2 per acre on mining (except for gold mining). There were no residence requirements.

The application was made by James Henry Legge on 21st June 1883 (he had previously held Portion 83). The land was surveyed in c1883 (the plan is difficult to read) but the application was withdrawn on 1st May 1885. A search of on-line Mines Department records has failed to identify what was to be mined – presumably sandstone or clay shale as these seem to be potentially economic resources.

A further Conditional Purchase application for mining was made on the 3rd March 1886 by Alexander Finlayson but this was disallowed. The portion was surveyed in 26th June 1886; no improvements were noted.

The land was taken up as a measured portion by Richard Hardman under the provisions of Section 44 of the Volunteer Force Regulations Act (1867) which entitled an officer, non-commissioned officer and volunteer, having served as an efficient volunteer for a continuous period of five years, a grant of 50 acres of land open to selection.

Hardman, who lived in Newtown, started business in Sydney as biscuit manufacturer in 1858 under the style of Hardman Bros and had a factory in Enmore. The land stayed in the Hardman family until the 1940’s.

The 1894 Reconnaissance Sketch shows the portion boundaries but there are no buildings shown on Portion 88 (Anderson and Tailyour-Renny 1894). The 1947 aerial photograph also shows no evidence of buildings. The land was added to the Garrigal National Park in 1991. There is no historical evidence to suggest that the land was developed other than, possibly, boundary fencing.

4.3.7 Portion 91

Portion 91 was originally taken up as an original Conditional Purchase on the 5th April 1883 by Frederick Samuel King and was surveyed on 26th June 1885 when no improvements were recorded. King was able to convert the purchase into an application under Section 19 (i.e. for mining other than gold) but the application was forfeited on 12th

December 1887.




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The land was taken up as a measured portion by Richard Hardman under the provisions of Section 44 of the Volunteer Force Regulations Act (1867) which entitled an officer, non-commissioned officer and volunteer, having served as an efficient volunteer for a continuous period of five years, a grant of 50 acres of land open to selection. Hardman’s application was made on the 1st February 1888 and he received title on 22nd of June 1888. The land stayed in the Hardman family until the 1940’s.


4.3.8 Portion 90

Portion 90 was originally taken up as an original Conditional Purchase on the 5th April 1883 by Herbert Markham Mills and was surveyed on 11th March 1884 when no improvements were recorded. Mills was able to convert the purchase into an application under Section 19 (i.e. for mining other than gold).

The title to this land was issued in July 1908 but to Richard Hardman (CT 1904 40); presumably Mills had transferred his conditional purchase to Hardman (this can only be verified by looking at the files in State Records). The land stayed in the Hardman family until the 1940’s.


4.3.9 Portion 78

Portion 78 was originally taken up as an original Conditional Purchase on the 25th January 1883 by John Charles Edwards and was surveyed on 4th March 1884 when improvements consisting of a house (£60) and stables (£10) were recorded. The holding was converted to an application under Section 19 (i.e. for mining other than gold) on the 23rd April 1884.

Edwards held the Conditional Purchase until 1907 when he made his final payment and was granted title (7th June 1907 CT 1787 221). The 1894 Reconnaissance Sketch shows the road boundaries but there are no buildings shown on Portion 78 (Anderson and Tailyour-Renny 1894).

The 1947 aerial photo also shows no evidence of buildings. The land was added to the Garrigal National Park in 1991. There is no historical evidence to suggest that, other than possibly boundary fencing, the land was developed.




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4.4 Transportation

4.4.1 Original Road

As noted earlier, a road or track has existed along the ridge line since the early 1830’s. It is possible that this route was an earlier track used by Aboriginal people as the ridgeline is a natural route between the coast and the plateau areas of the Hornsby Plateau. However, there is currently no historical evidence of prior Aboriginal tracks.

Although the route is shown on a number of maps, there is little evidence of what form the road took. A report of evidence in a court case relating to the blocking of the road in 1856 noted:

“Mr. Holroyd having opened the case, called Mr Hill and several other proprietors of land and residents at Lane Cove, who proved that the road in question had been in use for upwards of thirty years, and that they had repeatedly seen carts and drays passing along”.

"SYDNEY QUARTER SESSIONS." The Sydney Morning Herald 5 Aug 1856: 5

The area concerned was located in present day St Ives but the evidence suggests that the road may have been wide enough for carts and drays.

The first survey of the road (R881-1603) was undertaken in August 1869 and laid before the Legislative Council in January 1870 for the road to be declared a “Parish Road”. This was duly undertaken in the Government Gazette of 6th September 1870 and the road was notified as being opened in the Gazette of 19th March 1872 (information on R881-1630). The plan is in poor condition; however, it is possible to locate the study area as “Tumbledown Dick” and “the Sugarloaf” are marked on the plan. No settlement is shown on the plan.

From the annotations on the plan, it seems that some type of works were undertaken otherwise why “open” the road. However, the nature of such works was not reported in the Sydney newspapers.

In the early 1880’s tenders were called for works “on the Lane Cove to Pittwater Road”. The work was undertaken through the Public Works Department with tenders being called in 1881, 1883 and 1885 in the Sydney Morning Herald. Only one report of a tender being awarded was found. This was “D. Bailey, road Lane Cove to Pittwater, £543 15s 3d.” and is a report based on the Government Gazette ("GOVERNMENT GAZETTE." The Sydney Morning Herald 30 Jul 1887: 8). Again details of the work undertaken were not given.

4.4.2 Road Widening 1938-1942

With the development of the motor car, the concept of touring the road to Pittwater was featured in descriptions of various tourist drives:

“There is a Green Gate Inn at Gordon, and a little beyond a road to the right is found leading through St. Ives to Pittwater. The motorist is now heading for the coast, but is still climbing up and breathing the pure air of the mountains. The road is fair - a little sandy in places, perhaps, but of no account to the car, although the cyclist is compelled to dismount only to be lured off the track a moment later by the wealth of wild flowers growing in the bush. Once past the notorious "Tumble Down




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Dick"' there are glimpses of the sea, with the horizon, it would seem, even higher than the road”.

"PLEASANT TOURS AWHEEL" The Sydney Morning Herald 30 Sep 1913: 13

Mona Vale Road was declared Main Road No. 162 in 1928. However, by the 1930’s, the increasing traffic and deteriorating road surface was causing concern. The NRMA reported that:

“From Pymble to the West Head turn-off by way of St Ives the road surface is good but from this point to Mona Vale particularly on Tumble Down Dick Hill and Foleys Hill the gravel has become badly worn and the roadway is considered barely wide enough to carry safely the large amount of motor traffic using this route.”

"ROAD REPORTS" The Sydney Morning Herald 5 Nov 1937:6

These complaints prompted an upgrading program. Construction was apparently underway in 1938 as the Sydney Morning Herald reported:

“The construction of a new road over Tumble-down Dick Hill, between St. Ives and Mona Vale, is now well in hand, reports the N.R.M.A. touring department. The new road, when completed, will afford an easier grade, with less severe turns than those on the old road. For the time being, motorists have to negotiate narrow side tracks, which become very slippery after rain.”

"ROAD REPORTS" The Sydney Morning Herald 27 May 1938: 7.

The Mitchell Library has a number of photographs of the completed works sourced from the Public Works Department which show the road to be completed on its current alignment with a number of sharp bends eliminated.

Curiously, although these works required incursions into private property and required resumption of land in some cases, the survey of the roadworks was not undertaken until December 1940 and the resumptions were not formally gazetted until 1942 (see plan R22575-1603). It is not clear whether this was the usual practice or whether the imminent approach of war meant that the survey was delayed.

Clearly, more recent road works have occurred widening the road and putting in turning lanes but within the 1942 resumed area. There are areas, such as the cuttings near Whale Rock and to the east, which are on the same alignment as they were after the late-1930’s roadworks. Mona Vale Road, clearly, has developed into a significantly more densely trafficked road as suburbs have developed on either end of it in the last thirty years.

It is understood that RMS may hold more detailed information in its archives on the exact sequence of road works in the area. This information is apparently not generally made available to the public for security reasons.

4.4.3 Railways

The topography, as discussed earlier, meant that it inevitably was on the route of the proposed Northern Beaches Railway. A brief review of the topic in the Australian Newspapers database suggests that the proposed railway from Gordon to Narrabeen was discussed from 1910 but the height of activity was in the 1920’s when a proposal was put




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to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Public Works in 1925. The inquiry which was held between October and December 1925 did not agree that the proposed expenditure of £527,300 was warranted (1926 “RAILWAY PROPOSAL”, The Sydney Morning Herald 20 January, p. 22). The Parish Plan shows a proposed station approximately in the vicinity of Whale Rock.

4.5 Military use The study area was used for Easter military exercises in the late 19th Century and early 20th Century with a typical scenario of “invaders” landing at Pittwater and a “fighting retreat” being conducted along the Lane Cove Pittwater road. A report in the SydneyMorning Herald identified the University Scouts being encamped at Tumbledown Dick Hill over Easter 1907. ("EASTER ENCAMPMENTS" The Sydney Morning Herald 26 Mar 1907: 7). It is likely that these camps were fairly ephemeral and probably left little substantial remains within the study area.

4.6 Contextual Analysis: Historic Themes Contextual analysis is undertaken to place the history of a particular site within relevant historical contexts in order to gauge how typical or unique the history of a particular site actually is. This is usually ascertained by gaining an understanding of the history of a site in relation to the broad historical themes characterising Australia at the time. Such themes have been established by the Australian Heritage Commission and the NSW Heritage Office and are outlined in synoptic form in NSW Historical Themes, issued by the NSW Heritage Office (2001).

After considering the history of the study area, four relevant historical themes were identified. This is presented in Table 2.1 below:-

Table 2.1 Historical Themes relating to the study area –

Australian Theme NSW Theme Notes Examples of evidence 1 Tracing the

natural evolution of Australia

Environment - naturally evolved

There are two aspects to this theme: 1. Features occurring

naturally in the physical environment which have significance independent of human intervention;

2. Features occurring naturally in the physical environment which have shaped or influenced human life and cultures.

A geological formation, fossil site, ecological community, island, soil site, river flats, estuary, mountain range, reef, lake, woodland, seagrass bed, wetland, desert, alps, plain, valley, headland, evidence of flooding, earthquake, bushfire and other natural occurrences.




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3 Developing local, regional and national economies

Agriculture Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture.

Hay barn, wheat harvester, silo, dairy, rural landscape, plantation, vineyard, farmstead, shelterbelt, silage pit, fencing, plough markings, shed, fish farm, orchard, market garden, piggery, common, irrigation ditch, Aboriginal seasonal picking camp.


Transport Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements.

Railway station, highway, lane, train, ferry, wharf, tickets, carriage, dray, stock route, canal, bridge, footpath, aerodrome, barge, harbour, lighthouse, shipwreck, canal, radar station, toll gate, horse yard, coach stop.

4 Building settlements, towns and cities

Land Tenure Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal.

Fence, survey mark, subdivision pattern, land title document, boundary hedge, stone wall, shelterbelt, cliff, river, seawall, rock engravings, shelters & habitation sites, cairn, survey mark, trig station, colonial/state border markers.

7 Governing Defence Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation.

Battle ground, fortification, RAAF base, barracks, uniforms, military maps and documents, war memorials, shipwreck lost to mines, scuttled naval vessel, POW camp, bomb practice ground, parade ground, massacre site, air raid shelter, drill hall..

The theme of Environment – naturally evolved is illustrated by the way the natural topography and landforms of the study area have influenced human settlement in the area. The steeply sloping terrain to the north and south of the study area and the narrowness of the ridge have effectively focussed transport into a small area while, at the same time, limiting agricultural development due to lack of suitable land. Two significant hills on the ridgeline, named Tumbledown Dick and the Sugarloaf, were both difficult features for the early road to negotiate.

The theme of Agriculture is illustrated by the use of parts of the study area for small farms which were mostly concentrated on the edges of the study area on the Terrey Hills and Ingleside Plateaux. Small farms developed from the 1930s on Portion 83 when it was subdivided into smaller Conditional Purchases. This process intensified in the 1950s with the development of the region as a centre for market gardening.




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The theme of Transport is well illustrated by the history of the route between the Hornsby Plateau and the coast which was some form of road from the 1830’s and was formally surveyed in 1870. The road developed as increasing demands were placed on it from increased traffic as well as changing transport technology.

The theme of Land Tenure is well illustrated by the different forms of land holding and Reserves within the study area.

The theme of Defence is only marginally represented by the study area being part of annual military manoeuvres by colonial forces during their annual camps.




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5 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE This section firstly discusses the type of physical evidence expected within the study area. It then discusses known evidence in the study area. Finally it reports on survey work undertaken to locate known and predicted physical evidence.

5.1 Predicted Surface and Sub-surface evidence Based on the historical evidence in Section 2, the predicted physical evidence in the study area is presented in Table 3.1 linked to the relevant NSW Historic Theme.

Table 3.1 Historical Themes and predicted physical evidence.

Australian Theme NSW Theme Predicted physical evidence from the historical research 1 Tracing the

natural evolution of Australia

Environment - naturally evolved

The second aspect of this theme, namely features occurring naturally in the physical environment which have shaped or influenced human life and cultures, is considered. The main physical evidence is the narrow ridge and the rises - Tumbledown Dick and Sugarloaf Hill.


Agriculture The main area likely to contain remains of agriculture would be Portions 137 and 136, north of Wirreanda Road. These areas are on the northern edges of the study area.


Transport The main form of evidence would be Mona Vale Road itself. The resumption plan R22575 1603 and the 1947 aerial photo shows that there are areas where the new road deviated from the old road. As such, it is likely that some evidence of the earlier road may survive. The author’s experience with monitoring excavation of modern road construction overlaying older road construction has demonstrated that it is highly unlikely that earlier road surfaces survive the construction of more recent roads as these often require excavation of the earlier road to emplace road base for the modern road. There is likely to be associated evidence of road construction such as evidence of construction methods in cuttings, surveying marks, quarries, construction workers camps and such like.

4 Building settlements, towns and cities

Land Tenure The main form of evidence would be fencing of land boundaries as no other improvements are recorded as being made. The exception to this is the site of Legge’s £200.00 house which is marked on the portion plan.

7 Governing Defence The evidence of use of the area by the colonial military is slight and as the activity was only for a week or two it is likely to be ephemeral and difficult to locate.




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It should be noted that this prediction is based on documentary evidence only and subject to limitations both in the extent of documentary research and that some physical evidence may simply be undocumented.

5.2 Known Heritage in the Study Area As noted in Section 1.3, searches of Heritage Registers and Local Environmental Plans have identified that there are two items pertinent to the study area on the Pittwater LEP:

Mona Vale Road – Nos. 169, 169A and 169B – Group of Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata). The cadastral address is listed in the LEP as being Lots 201, 202 and 203 in DP 1054875.

Mona Vale Road – No. 173 – Bahá'í House of Worship (also known as The Bahá'í Temple). The cadastral address is listed in the LEP as Lot 51 in DP 1053225; however, NSW Land and Property Information list the cadastral address as being Lot 52 in DP1152609.

No other heritage items are listed as occurring within the study area. This of course is probably a reflection of the process of investigation and listing rather than meaning that no heritage items are likely to occur in the study area.

The Kelleher & Nightingale Consulting report (2011) identified one of the Aboriginal sites recorded in the AHIMS as having a historical component; this was “Cow and Old Man with Hat” (AHIMS 45-6-00101). This site was recorded by W.D. Campbell between 1886 and 1893, with the description of its location being: “A small patch of rock on the Sugarloaf hill, two and three-quarter chains south from the fence opposite Spring Cottage”. The work is described as “this is a small figure of a man, Mr Jones, who formerly lived there, informed the Writer that certain embellishments, cocked hat, & that have been made with a pick were done by one of his sons in mischief” (1898:36). Looking at his illustration it is evident that Campbell only recorded what he thought were the original engravings.

Unfortunately the location of the site has been lost and was not relocated in Kelleher & Nightingale’s survey work. Nevertheless, assuming that Jones lived in Spring Cottage and that Spring Cottage is the structure located on the plan of Portion 69 which Jones owned, then the area to survey for this site is considerably narrowed.

Clearly the passage of time has made the additions to the site by Jones’s son of historical interest. Is this site a “contact” site? Despite the lack of Aboriginal people the site is one where the two cultures interacted to some degree reflecting the historical attitudes to Aboriginal culture which, even then, were being challenged by Campbell’s efforts at recording Aboriginal engravings and his presenting of them as valued items worthy of preservation.

The survey for Aboriginal heritage undertaken by Kelleher & Nightingale Consulting (2011) also located three historical sites, the locations of which were passed on to JCIS Consultants by RMS. These were a cairn adjacent to the Bahá'í Temple (but not within the curtilage of the Temple), surveyor’s markings near the junction of Tumburra Street and Mona Vale Road and a rock shelter west of Kimbriki Road.




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5.3 Archaeological and Heritage surveys The aims of the survey were:

1. to relocate and record the three sites recorded by Kelleher & Nightingale Consulting;

2. to inspect the area of Legge’s house and record any physical evidence located there; and

3. to inspect cuttings and old road sections along Mona Vale Road.

The locations of the three sites had been provided by RMS as “shape files” and were uploaded into an Arc GIS 10 geodatabase and overlain on the 1:25,000 topographic map. In addition, Kelleher & Nightingale Consulting staff were contacted and helpfully gave verbal descriptions of the site locations.

The location of Legge’s house is on the plan of Portion 83 and that of Jones’ house is on the Portion 69 plan. These plans were converted to a JPEG file and uploaded an Arc GIS 10 geodatabase and georeferenced to the 1:25,000 topographic map. Obviously, given the vagaries of surveying over 100 years, this did not give a precise location but did give an approximate survey area to focus on. While Legge’s house was within the study area Jones’ house was not included in the survey as it was located outside the study area.

The cuttings and old sections of road were evident on the 1947 aerial photograph and were easily plotted on a modern high resolution aerial image and were inspected.

5.3.1 Initial Inspection

An initial inspection of the study area was undertaken on the 15th July 2011 in company with representatives from the GHD team and RMS Project Team.

In the morning, two areas were focussed on:

1. the former road alignment at the Bahá'í House of Worship and nearby quarried rock faces; and

2. the area around Whale Rock.

In the afternoon more quarry faces were examined and a track leading to the site of a structure was identified.

5.3.2 Survey

A more extensive survey was undertaken on the 5th August 2011 which also allowed incorporation of a new area to the north of the original route.

During this survey, the three sites located by Kelleher were relocated and recorded.

The location of Legge’s house was extensively surveyed but no evidence of the building was found.

A section of a relatively undisturbed section of the original road alignment was surveyed.




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The new section of easement adjacent to Wirreanda Road was inspected.

5.4 Results A total of 11 heritage items, summarised below in Table 3.2, were recorded (see inventory sheets appended to this report). The two heritage items listed in the Pittwater LEP, namely the group of Monterey Pines and the Bahá'í House of Worship, have been previously recorded by others.

Table 3.2 Heritage Items recorded within the Study Area

Item Name Description NSW Theme

1 Road Alignment Former road alignment Transportation

2 Cairn Addison Trig Reserve Transportation; Land Tenure

3 Quarried Area Areas quarried for road base material Transportation

4 Quarry marks on cutting faces

Areas along Mona Vale road showing evidence of quarrying techniques.

Transportation

5 Memorial Crucifix Events

6 Artefact scatter Dump of modern material (not clear)

7 Whale Rock Post holes on Whale Rock Land Tenure

8 Structure and track Remains of three water tanks and concrete pad.

Transportation

9 Engraved Rock Engraved letters and numerals Events

10 Engraving in shelter Engraved names and dates and trough. Events

11 Road alignment Former road alignment Transportation

It is not unexpected that most of the heritage items relate to the theme of Transportation and are related to the construction and use of Mona Vale Road.

Only two items relate to land tenure –

post hole remains on Whale Rock, which possibly may be remains of a boundary fence; and

the Addison Trig Station, which was one of the survey points used to lay out properties and the road.

Surprisingly, three items related to a historic theme that was not evident in the historical record – that of Events. This theme is defined as “Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurrences” and the engravings and the memorial certainly mark particular events although at the moment the contexts of the engravings and the memorial are unclear.




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5.4.1 Site of Legge’s house

The site of Legge’s house is on moderate to steeply sloping ground with numerous sandstone benches. It seems difficult to believe that a substantial house was erected in this location. Nevertheless, it is possible that the remains of a structure exist as the ground surface visibility was poor due to dense vegetation cover. It is equally possible that the record of a house, value £200, was a mistake or a deliberate lie or that the house was subsequently moved – all of which have been identified in studies of Conditional Purchases (see Stuart 2000).

The next step in investigating this area should be accessing the Conditional Purchase records and records of the subsequent Reserve which are likely to be held in the NSW State Archives. These records would help in establishing the existence or otherwise of the house and, possibly, further pin down its location. Without this work further field survey would be a waste of time.

5.5 Comment As this was a Preliminary Environmental Investigation, JCIS Consultants did not attempt a 100% coverage of the study area but rather focused on predicting the location of heritage Items on the basis of documentary research. Furthermore, the ground surface visibility of the study area was generally poor due to the dense vegetation growing on it. These two factors mean that it is possible that undocumented sites may be within the study area.




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6 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

6.1 Principles The concept of ‘cultural significance’ or ‘heritage value’ embraces the value of a place or item which cannot be expressed solely in financial terms. Assessment of cultural significance endeavours to establish why a place or item is considered important and why it is valued by the community. Cultural significance is embodied in the fabric of the place (including its setting and relationship to other items), the records associated with the place and the response that the place evokes in the community.

6.2 Basis for the Assessment The NSW Heritage Manual, published by the NSW Heritage Office and Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, sets out a detailed process for conducting assessments of heritage significance. The Manual provides a set of specific criteria for assessing the significance of an item, including guidelines for inclusion and exclusion. The following assessment has been prepared in accordance with these guidelines.

The NSW Heritage Council has adapted specific criteria for heritage assessment, which have been gazetted pertinent to the Heritage Act 1977 (NSW). The seven criteria upon which the following significance assessment is based are outlined below:

Criterion A an item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history;

Criterion B an item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history;

Criterion C an item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW;

Criterion D an item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW for social, cultural or spiritual reasons;

Criterion E an item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history;

Criterion F an item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history; and

Criterion G an item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environments.

Each criterion of the NSW Heritage Manual is considered in regard to the history and physical evidence of the study area. The exact definitions of the criteria are also included. As the criteria of the Burra Charter are very similar to the Heritage Manual, they are not considered separately.

Significance assessment is a combination of both facts and interpretation of those facts in accordance with the standard set of heritage assessment criteria for NSW. It is not an exact art and it is possible that another professional may interpret the historical facts and physical evidence in a different way. In addition, historical understanding of the past varies over time and thus the heritage significance of an item is changeable.




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6.3 Significance Assessment The eleven heritage items have been assessed below. We have not included the items listed on the Pittwater LEP as these have already been assessed by others as being of local significance and their assessment is enshrined in the statutory listings for these items.

6.3.1 Items associated with Mona Vale road

As items 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 11 are, in fact, part of Mona Vale Road, in keeping with the NSW Heritage Guidelines – Assessing Heritage Significance, Mona Vale Road, itself, has been assessed and then the significance of these items in relation to Mona Vale Road has been graded.

Criterion A

An item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history.

Mona Vale Road has historical importance as the transport route inland from the Northern Beaches and Narrabeen Lake from the 1830’s onwards. The alignment of the Road demonstrated the influence that the topography of the Hornsby Plateau landform has had on the local transport routes.

Criterion B

An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history.

Mona Vale Road has an association with motorist groups; in particular, the NRMA who historically encouraged its use as a scenic drive and pressured the government for the continual improvement of the Road.

Criterion C

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW.

Mona Vale Road does not meet this criterion as, in itself, it does not demonstrate aesthetic characteristics nor is there any evidence that the road construction was particularly creative or technically innovative.

Criterion D

An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

It is not clear whether Mona Vale Road has strong or special associations with a particular community or cultural group. This aspect remains to be researched.




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Criterion E

An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history.

Mona Vale Road has a limited ability to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural history.

Criterion F

An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history.

Mona Vale Road is not particularly rare or uncommon as there are a number of roads with a similar age and development history. Therefore, Mona Vale Road does not meet this criterion.

Criterion G

An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environments.

Mona Vale Road is not important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of road construction and use in NSW as it appears to lack the physical evidence to do so. Therefore, Mona Vale does not meet this criterion.

Summary Statement of Heritage Significance Mona Vale Road

Mona Vale Road has historical importance as the transport route inland from the Northern Beaches and the Narrabeen Lakes from the 1830’s onwards. The alignment of the Road demonstrated the influence that the topography of the Hornsby Plateau landform has had on the local transport routes. There is little evidence of earlier construction techniques and, therefore, Mona Vale Road has a limited ability to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural history.

Mona Vale Road has an association with motorist groups; in particular, the NRMA who historically encouraged its use as a scenic drive and pressured the government for the continual improvement of the Road.

Mona Vale Road is of high significance at a Local Level as it is a major regional transport link but is not as important as other roads that linked major regions of NSW with Sydney.

6.3.2 Significance of Items in relation to Mona Vale Road

All the items relating to Mona Vale Road are considered to have at least Local heritage significance but they vary in their contribution to the overall heritage significance of Mona Vale Road.




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This is expressed in Table 4.1 using the grading in Assessing Significance (NSW Heritage Office 2001:11) –

Table 4.1 Grading of Heritage Items relating to Mona Vale Road

Item Name Description NSW Theme Status Heritage Significance Grading

1 RoadAlignment

Former road alignment

Transportation Work Local Little

2 Cairn Addison Trig Reserve

Transportation; Land Tenure

Place Local Moderate

3 Quarried Area

Areas quarried for road base material

Transportation Work Local Moderate


Areas along Mona Vale Road showing evidence of quarrying techniques


8 Structureand track

Remains of three water tanks and concrete pad.

Transportation Work &

Relic

Local Moderate

9 Engraved Rock

Engraved Rock Transportation/ Events


11 Roadalignment



6.3.2.1 Item 5 — Memorial

The history and context of this item is so poorly known that any assessment of significance must be considered to be provisional.

Criterion A


The item does not meet this criterion.

Criterion B


It is likely that the roadside memorial has a special association with a person or group of people but it is not clear whether they are of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history.




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Criterion C

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW.


Criterion D


It is likely that the roadside memorial has a special association with a particular community or cultural group but the nature of this association is not clear.

Criterion E



Criterion F

An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’scultural or natural history.

The memorial is not rare or uncommon and, therefore, it does not meet this criterion.

Criterion G


The memorial is typical of many roadside memorials; while many of these are floral tributes a number are in the form of a cross. It is not clear whether this item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of roadside memorials.

Summary Statement of Heritage Significance

Based on the precautionary principle, it is suggested that the memorial has local heritage significance based on possible links to individuals and groups in the community.




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6.3.2.2 Item 6 — Artefact Scatter

Criterion A


The scatter does not meet this criterion.

Criterion B



Criterion C

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW;


Criterion D



Criterion E



Criterion F

An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’scultural or natural history.

The artefact scatter is not uncommon or rare and does not meet this criterion.

Criterion G





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The artefact scatter does not demonstrate the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s cultural or natural places or cultural or natural environments.


This item is not significant at a State or Local Level.

6.3.2.3 Item 7 — Post holes on Whale Rock

Criterion A



Criterion B



Criterion C

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW


Criterion D



Criterion E


The two post holes do meet some of the above criteria.

Criterion F





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Criterion G




The post holes demonstrate some of the above criteria.

6.3.2.4 Item 10 — Engravings in Shelter

Criterion A


This item is important as a place where visitors and local residents recorded their presence over the last 100 years by engraving their names on the wall.

Criterion B


The wall engravings commemorate local residents and visitors and are likely to be of importance to local historical and family history groups.

Criterion C

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW;

The shelter does not meet this criterion.




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Criterion D


The shelter does not meet this criterion.

Criterion E


The shelter has the potential to yield information about visitors to the area and, secondly, the site would be a good location to test questions about the erosion and preservation of engravings which would help in the management of other engravings in the area.

Criterion F


The shelter is not rare.

Criterion G


The shelter is not important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of European engraving sites in the Sydney region.


This item is important as a place where visitors and local residents recorded their presence over the last 100 years by engraving their names on the wall. The wall engravings commemorate local residents and visitors and are likely to be of importance to local historical and family history groups. The shelter has the potential to yield information about visitors to the area and, secondly, the site would be a good location to test questions about the erosion and preservation of engravings which would help in the management of other engravings in the area.

The heritage significance of the shelter is assessed as being of Local significance.




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6.3.3 Summary of Significance Assessment

Item Name Description NSW Theme Status Heritage Significance Grading

1 RoadAlignment



2 Cairn Addison Trig Reserve

Transportation; Land Tenure


3 Quarried Area

Areas quarried for road base material



Areas along Mona Vale Road showing evidence of quarrying techniques


5 Roadside Memorial

Crucifix attached to wooden stick

Events Place Local n/a

6 Artefact Scatter

Dump of modern material

(not clear) None None n/a

7 Whale Rock

Two postholes in the rock

Land Tenure Place Local n/a

8 Structureand track

Remains of three water tanks and concrete pad.

Transportation Work &

Relic

Local Moderate

9 Engraved Rock

Engraved Rock Transportation/ Events


10 Engraving in Shelter

Engraved names and trough

Events Place Local n/a

11 Roadalignment



In addition the heritage significance of the items listed in the Pittwater LEP is set out below.

12 Bahá'í House of Worship Pittwater LEP Local

13 Group of Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata)

Pittwater LEP Local




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7 POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

Prior to the development of any concept designs for the proposal, the specific impacts on heritage items and relics cannot be assessed. The heritage items of local significance potentially affected by the proposal include:

Item Name Heritage Listing Heritage Significance

1 Road Alignment None Local

2 Cairn None Local

3 Quarried Area None Local

4 Quarry marks on cutting faces None Local

5 Memorial None Local

6 Artefact scatter None None

7 Whale Rock None Local

8 Structure and track None Local

9 Engraved Rock None Local

10 Engraving in shelter None Local

11 Road alignment None Local

12 Bahá'í House of Worship Pittwater LEP Local

13 Group of Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata)

Pittwater LEP Local

It should also be noted that Item 8 is 65m to the south of Mona Vale Road so only the access track may be impacted on.

None of these items – with the exception of Item 12 (the Bahá'í House of Worship) –would seem to be of such significance to act as a serious constraint to the proposed widening.

Item 12, the Bahá'í House of Worship, although currently listed on the Pittwater LEP as being of local significance, potentially meets heritage criterion at a State level of significance and could be considered suitable for State Heritage Listing should it be nominated prior to any future upgrade of Mona Vale Road. Such a nomination would change the level of constraint placed on an upgrade, depending on the curtilage of the nominated listing.

The constraints imposed on road construction by the Baha’i House of Worship will depend on the significance of the main building and the curtilage of the House of Worship. The centre of the building is 100m from Mona Vale Road but the building is clearly designed to sit in a garden landscape which is much closer to the road. Whether the garden landscape is part of the curtilage of the Baha’i House of Worship will need to be assessed.




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proposal and a Statement of Heritage Impacts should be undertaken to determine the potential impacts.

Where there is an unavoidable impact, steps should be undertaken to implement mitigation of that impact. Such steps might include archival recording and interpretation. These would be outlined in the statement of heritage impact.

6.1.1 Further heritage and archaeological works

There are a few matters that need further work, as follows:

The Bahá'í House of Worship

As discussed in Section 6, the Bahá'í House of Worship is potentially of State Heritage significance and further assessment of the significance of the building and its curtilage is required in order that the impact of any road widening can be fully assessed.

Legg’s house

As discussed in Section 3.4.1, further historical research is required to attempt to find more information about this house site.




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8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

8.1 Published works Andrews, Allan. E. J. 1992. Major Mitchell's Map 1834: The Saga of the Survey of the

Nineteen Counties. Hobart: Blubber Head Press.

Campbell, W. D. 1899, “Aboriginal carvings of Port Jackson and Broken Bay: measured and described by W.D. Campbell”, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales. Ethnological Series; No. 1, W.A. Gullick, Govt. Printer, Sydney

Chapman, G. A. and C. L. Murphy. 1989. Soil landscapes of the Sydney 1:100 000 sheet. [Sydney]: Soil Conservation Service of NSW.

Jeans, D. 1972. An Historical Geography of New South Wales to 1901. Sydney: Reed Education.

Kelleher Nightingale Consulting Pty. Ltd. , 2011, Mona Vale Road, Terrey Hills to Ingleside Aboriginal Cultural Heritage constraints Mapping and Archaeological Survey, Report by Kelleher Nightingale Consulting Pty. Ltd. to the Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW

NSW Heritage Office. 2001. Assessing Significance: a NSW Heritage Manual Update. NSW Heritage Office.

Parkland Environmental Planners 2010 JJ Melbourne Hills Memorial Reserve Plan of Management, prepared by Parkland Environmental Planners for Warringah Council.

8.2 Newspapers "SYDNEY QUARTER SESSIONS" The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954) 5

Aug 1856: 5. Web. 20 Jul 2011

"GOVERNMENT GAZETTE" The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954) 30 Jul 1887: 8. Web. 2 Aug 2011

1888 ”Advertising”, The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954), 14 April, p. 17, viewed 27 July, 2011.

"EASTER ENCAMPMENTS" The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954) 26 Mar 1907: 7. Web. 21 Jul 2011)

"PLEASANT TOURS AWHEEL" The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954) 30 Sep 1913: 13. Web. 21 Jul 2011.

1926 'RAILWAY PROPOSAL.', The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954), 20 January, p. 22, viewed 29 July, 2011




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"ROAD REPORTS." The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954) 5 Nov 1937: 6. Web. 21 Jul 2011

"ROAD REPORTS." The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954) 27 May 1938: 7. Web. 21 Jul 2011.

"TUMBLEDOWN DICK RESERVE" The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW: 1842 - 1954) 25 Apr 1939: 3. Web. 21 Jul 2011.

8.3 Maps and plans

Anderson, L. C. G. (1894). Reconnaissance sketch country between Narrabeen & Port Jackson. . Sydney, Govt. Printing Office: Map showing topography, trig points, property boundaries, roads, telegraph lines and population centres. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Coundersigned by Col H. W. Renny-Tailyour, RE.

Bishop, G. (1860). Bishop's Map of the County of Cumberland shewing all towns, villages, reserves, roads and parishes ...complied from the most authentic information in the Survey Department. . Sydney, Printed by De Gruchy & Leigh.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1835). Parish of Broken Bay, County of Cumberland. Sydney, NSW Government Printer.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1835). Parish of Narrabeen, County of Cumberland. Sydney, NSW Government Printer.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1870). Plan of Road from Lane Cove to Pittwater, R881-1603. Sydney, NSW Government Printer.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1884). Plan of 1 Portion 83, County of Cumberland, Parish of Narrabeen, C615-2030: Surveyed by LS Burdett 8th May 1884.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1886). Parish of Narrabeen, County of Cumberland. Sydney, NSW Government Printer: Cancelled 9th December 1886.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1905). Parish of Broken Bay, County of Cumberland. Sydney, NSW Government Printer: Put into use 23rd February 1905 cancelled 1913th January 1923.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1905). Parish of Narrabeen, County of Cumberland. Sydney, NSW Government Printer: Lithograph corrected to August 1905.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1914). Parish of Narrabeen, County of Cumberland. Sydney, NSW Government Printer: Put into use 21st January 1914, cancelled July 1924.

Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1924). Parish of Narrabeen, County of Cumberland. Sydney, NSW Government Printer: Put into use 18th July 1924 cancelled 1927tth June 1934.




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Department of Lands, N. S. W. (1947). Broken Bay, Run 39 60-67 January 1947.

Mitchell, T. L. (1834). Map of the Colony of New South Wales: Compiled from actual measurements with chain & circumferentor and according to a Trigonomical Survey. London, John Carmicael

Parrott, T. S. (1882). Map of the country around Sydney, 1881 from a reconnaissance by Lieut. Parrott, Volr. Engineers; under the direction of Col. P. Scratchley R.E., C.M.G. Sydney, Government Printing Office.

Wells, W. H. (1840). A map of the County of Cumberland in the Colony of New South Wales. Sydney, Engraved & printed by William Baker,.

Wells, W. H. (1848). A map of the County of Cumberland in the Colony of New South Wales. Sydney, R Clint George Street.

Wells, W. H. (1857). A map of the County of Cumberland in the Colony of New South Wales. Sydney, W.H. Wells.




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9 MAPS AND PLANS

Figure 1: Location of the study area




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Figure 2: Mitchell’s Map of the Colony of NSW c1834 showing the study area.

Figure 3: Parish of Broken Bay 27th March 1835




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Figure 4: Bishops map of the 1860’s showing no settlement in the study area.

Figure 5: Parrott’s map from 1881 again showing the lack of settlement in the study area




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Figure 6: Portions within the study area (Complied from Broken Bay 3rd Edition and Narrabeen 5th

Edition Parish Plans)

Figure 7: Hill’s Mount Pleasant Farm is outside the study area




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Figure 8: Part of the Crown Plan for Portion 83 showing the location of the “house”. (C615-2030)

Figure 9: Portion 69 showing the location of Jones’ house just outside the study area (C412-2030)




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Figure 10: Part of plan R881-1603 (1870) showing the study area

Figure 11: Part of plan R881-1603 (1870) showing the study area




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Figure 12: The Study Area in January 1947





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Figure 15: Predicted and previously located Heritage items




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Figure 16 Location of Areas Surveyed and Heritage items recorded (Part 1)

non-indigenous heritage assessment · 2019. 9. 28. · proposal and a statement of heritage impact...

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