non-lethal for today's op's

8/2/2019 Non-Lethal for Today's Op's

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NON-LETHAL WEAPONS

DOD NON-LETHAL WEAPONS PROGRAM

FOR TODAYS OPERATIONS


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Non-Lethal Weapons For Todays Operations

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DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program,Joint Non-Lethal Weapons

Directorate,Quantico,VA,22134

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oD Non-Lethal Weapons Program 2011 DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Pr ogr

We must balance our pursuit of the

enemy with our efforts to minimize

loss of innocent civilian life, and with

our obligation to protect our troops.

(Ofcial ISAF Photo)

DoD Non-LethalWeapons Program

Executive Agent

General James F. Amos

Commandant of the Marine Corps

Chairman, Joint Integrated Product Team

Lieutenant General Richard T. TryonDeputy Commandant, Plans, Policy & Operations

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate Staff

Director, Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate

Colonel Tracy J. Tafolla

Deputy Director

Douglas J. Jerothe: [email protected]

Principal Deputy, Policy & Strategy

Susan D. LeVine: [email protected]

Principal Deputy, Technology Transition & Integration

John P. Keenan: [email protected]

Strategic Communication OfcerKelley S. Hughes: [email protected]

Business Financial Management Ofcer

Linda B. Palmer: [email protected]

Capabilities & Requirements Division Chief

Lieutenant Colonel Paul L. Scholl: [email protected]

Acquisition Division Chief

Kevin J. Swenson: [email protected]

Technology Division Chief

David B. Law: [email protected]

Health Effects Ofcer

Mary R. Williams: [email protected]

Annual Report Editorial BoardDouglas J. Jerothe Lieutenant Colonel Paul L. SchollSusan D. LeVine Kevin J. SwensonKelley S. Hughes Alicia J. Owsiak

Publication ManagementBethel Buck Q. EvansDavid W. HuntJohn A. AhoJames C. King

Production Lead & Coordinator/Staff WriterSuzette M. Westhoff

Associate Editor

M. Annette Beacham

Layout & Design TeamSuzette M. Westhoff Sae H. KimJennifer A. London Laurie J. Alegria

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate

3097 Range Road Quantico, VA 22134-5100001-1-703-784-1977 | DSN: 278-1977https://www.jnlwp.usmc.mil

Front and back covers: Ofcial Department of Defense photo illustrations.All rights reserved. Articles, photographs and other material from the 2010Annual Report may be reproduced if they are not restricted by law or militaryregulations, provided proper credit is given and specic prior permission hasbeen granted for each item to be produced. Articles without bylines andphotographs/graphics illustrations that do contain photo credit are to becredited to the DoD.

2 3

General David H. Petraeus

Commander, International Security Assistance Force and

Commander, U.S. Forces Afghanistan

Tactical Directive, Aug. 1, 2010

The Department of Defense No n-Lethal WeaponsProgram stimulates and coordinates non-lethalweapons requirements of the U.S. Armed

Services and allocates resources to help meet these

requirements. The Commandant of the U.S. Marine

Corps serves as the DoD Non-Lethal Weapons

Executive Agent.

Located at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Va., the

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate serves as the

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program Executive Agents

day-to-day management ofce.

The U.S. Armed Services work with the combatant

commanders and the executive agent through a jointprocess to identify requirements and coordinate the

planning, programming and funding of non-lethal

weapons research, development and acquisition. Within

the DoD Non-Lethal

Weapons Program,

the Joint Non-Lethal

Weapons Directorate

and the Services fund

science and technology,

research and

development, as well as

test and evaluation for

non-lethal weapons.

The scal year 2010 budget consisted of

approximately $120 million for the Joint Non-L

Weapons Program and Service funding. The Joi

Non-Lethal Weapons Program funding of $64 msupported joint efforts. Service funding enabled

development, purchase, operation and maintena

current non-lethal weapons.

Providing Non-Lethal Weaponsfor Todays Operations

General James F. AmosCommandant of the Marineand Executive Agent,DoD Non-Lethal Weapon

Direct Ov

Coordina

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons ProgManagement Structure


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Options for Complex Environments

The Department of Defense Non -Lethal WeaponsProgram was established in 1996 in response toa validated requirement to provide U.S. forces wit hcounter-personnel capabilities between shout andshoot. Admittedly, these early escalation-of-forcecapabilities were derived from resources typicallyassociated with military police or security missionsand were intended to support a relatively smallpercentage of U.S. forces conducting humanitarianassistance, disaster relief, peacekeeping or otherrelated operations in which non-lethal weapons couldaugment existing force protection means.

In the 14 years since the Programs founding, muchhas changed in the world and in those environmentsin which U.S. forces nd themselves operating. Whilemaintaining our conventional primacy remains aforemost DoD priority to ensure our national interestsand assure friends and allies, a review of currentoperations being undertaken by our forward deployedforces reects an unconventional focus. Arguably, atno time since the Programs founding has the needfor non-lethal capabilities both counter-personneland counter-materiel had as much applicabilityto the multitude of DoD missions being conductedaround the world. Whether engaged in stability andreconstruction, counterinsurgency, counterterrorismor anti-piracy operations, U.S. forces will need tobe adept at employing de-escalation techniques tocomplement lethal capabilities.

In 1996, the non-lethal weapons arsenal wascomposed primarily of law enforcement-relatedequipment and munitions such as tear gas, riot controlequipment and beanbag rounds. The continued andgrowing focus on the many operations that comprise

irregular warfarerequires U.S. forces tosatisfy a critical tenetcommon to irregularwarfare operations protection of thepopulation. Todaysnon-lethal weaponsinventory includeshailing devices,vehicle arrestingequipment, electricstun guns, vehicle-launched grenades

and directed energy systems (e.g., optical disand prototype millimeter wave active denial) proven technologies that provide reversible effeapplicability across the spectrum of irregular op

The applicability of non-lethal weapons to the ght demands the DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Prrelentless engagement to put these capabilities inhands of our troops. We have seen success in eboth programs of record and Joint Urgent OperaNeeds requirements in recent years. During scayear 2011, the DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Progrwill continue to eld Joint Urgent Operational N

acquire and eld systems, including the VehicleLightweight Arresting Device, Improved AcousHailing Device and 40mm Non-Lethal ExtendedRange Marking Munition; and conduct several ftechnology demonstrations for vehicle stoppingstopping and Active Denial Technology. Althougthe DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program has matsignicantly from the days of riot batons and rub

bullets, we must continue elding proven systemdeveloping new capabilities to support current afuture operational needs in these complex enviro

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program

54

Colonel Tracy J. Tafolla,Director, Joint Non-Lethal Weapo

Warghters Should Have the BestWeapons Available to Them ethal & Non-Lethal

Demands on our Nations Armed Forces remainconsiderable. Operations New Dawn and Enduringeedom keep our forces actively engaged. Americasilitary will continue to be engaged worldwide in

umanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and relatedontingencies. Challenges such as homeland defense,racy, and global competition for natural resourcesill demand our involvement. Volatility, uncertainty,

omplexity, and ambiguity confront our military, and

ill for the foreseeable future.

Commanders require a variety of options tonsure mission accomplishment across the fullnge of military operations. In todays countersurgency environment, where the enemy exploitsvilian casualties to recruit forces and gain support,

ommanders are required to take the utmost care invoiding civilian deaths and undesired damage tofrastructure. Commanders need the most capablethal and non-lethal means available to meet thistal requirement.

Every day, warghters make split-second decisionsprevent civilian casualties and collateral damageing lethal weapons in non-lethal ways. Non-lethaleapons are available now for use in conducting

heckpoint operations, convoys, area security, patrols,nd maritime operations. Technology and innovationow offer a greater array of non-lethal weapons for

employment. The JointNon-lethal WeaponsProgram is working toincrease the elding ofnon-lethal weapons,increase non-lethalweapons effects, andextend their range sothat our forces havemore time to makecritical decisions.

As the CommandingOfcer of the 24th

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), I recognizedand appreciated the benets associated with aforce trained and equipped to employ non-lethalweapons. Once trained, the MEU Marines proved tobe more capable and versatile, postured for successin a variety of scenarios. I intend to leverage thisexperience in synchronizing the needs of our deployedJoint forces with the activities of our non-lethalweapons developers and acquisitions community.The challenges to our forces continue to mount. Itis imperative that our warghters have the best non-lethal weapons available to support their missions.

As Chairman of the Joint Integrated Product Team,I am interested in your input and recommendations. Iencourage you to contact the Directorate staff (Page 2)or the Department of Defense Non-Lethal WeaponsProgram Central Action Ofcers listed below.

Lieutenant General Richard T. TryonChairman, Joint Integrated Product Team

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program..............4

Non-Lethal Weapon Capabilities...................6

Non-Lethals for Current Operations.............8

Non-Lethal Weapons Training...................

Emerging Technologies................................

Expanding Outreach...................................

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program Annual Report 2010 &

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons and Capabilities 2011U.S. Navy

Corey A. [email protected]

U.S. SpecialOperations Command

Howard Strahan, [email protected]

U.S. Army

Lieutenant ColonelRobert A. [email protected]

U.S. Air Force

Sal [email protected]

U.S. Marine Corps

Scott H. [email protected]

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program Central Action Ofcers

These Service representatives are subject matter experts about non-lethal weapons issues.

U.S. Coast Guard

Lieutenant CommanderSean R. [email protected]


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oD Non-Lethal Weapons Program 2011 DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Pr ogr6 7

Non-Lethal Weapons Capabilities

heckpointperations

CrowdControl

ConvoyProtection

Non-lethal weapons arecapabilities for todays militaryorces because they providedditional options between issuingverbal warning and using lethal

orce. Non-lethal capabilities do noteplace lethal force choices; rather,hey increase the force optionsvailable to warghters so they candapt to mission needs.

What are non-lethal weapons?

Non-lethal weapons are escalation-of-force options

at play an important role across the spectrum

military operations. These choices range from

ommercially available items, such as beanbag

unds, pepper spray and optical distracters to

rected-energy systems that provide non-lethal effects

greater distances.

The Department of Defense denes non-lethal

eapons as weapons that are explicitly designed and

primarily employed so as to incapacitate personnel or

materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury

to personnel, and undesired damage to property and

the environment. Non-lethal weapons are intended to

have reversible effects on personnel and materiel.

Why non-lethal c apabilities ?

Commanders need exible alternatives, both in time

and range, to respond to the challenging and diverse

threats our forces face. Patrols, checkpoints, crowd

control, convoys and vessel stopping are among

operations where our forces routinely encounter

threats. Non-lethal capabilities enable operational

forces to effectively deter potentially dangerous

individuals at increased distances, stop suspicious

vehicles or vessels, and render enemy assets

inoperable with few or no unintended casualties.

Within current irregular warfare environments,

non-lethal capabilities may be valuable in enabling

warghters to tailor their responses to complex,

threatening situations more precisely and appropriately

when reduction of civilian casualties is essenti

mission accomplishment. Non-lethal weapons

especially useful in situations in which our adv

aim to capitalize on unintended inj ury or dama

example, the use of non-lethal weapons in a cr

control situation may limit the increase of viol

whereas use of lethal force could fuel violent, r

behavior. In addition, use of non-lethal weapon

may help avoid destruction of culturally signi

structures. Reduction in infrastructure damage

also decrease reconstruction costs.

VesselStopping


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essel Stopping

Two of the most sought after non-lethalcapabilities in use today include acousticailing devices and optical distracters. (See Pages

0-11). Acoustic hailing devices provide improved

ommunication and warning options. They can also

oject attention-getting, highly irritating tones

at may help deter or modify an individuals

ehavior. This capability assists warghters in

etermining intent at a safe distance and

potentially deter an individual prior to escalatingto lethal force.

Acoustic hailing devices can operate from ships and

other vessels, Humvees, trucks and a variety of stationary

platforms, including tripods and guard towers. The

versatility and transportability of acoustic hailing devices

make them a valuable capability for force protection,

peacekeeping and humanitarian missions, or other

situations where there is a need to communicate at long

ranges and determine the intent of individuals or crowds.

Defeating Piracy

Piracy and smuggling are examples for which non-

lethal capabilities provide incapacitating and reversible

escalation-of-force options. Such options can help

reduce casualties and unintended damage to vessels in

maritime environments. The following situation shows

how one such non-lethal device, an acoustic hailing

device, can successfully help defeat pirates.

The United States Ship Vella Gulf, command

Captain Mark Genung, U.S. Navy, was the ag

of the newly created Counter Piracy Task Forc

operating in the Gulf of Aden. Shortly after ass

agship duties in the Gulf, the ship intercepted

captured two skiffs that attempted to pirate the

Vessel Polaris and Motor Vessel Prem Divya w

hours of each oth er.

Captain Genung and his crew used an acou

hailing device to direct the actions of the sus

pirates during the most dangerous phases of

the capture. (See photo, Page 8). The device

signicantly increased their ability to warn a

gauge the reaction of the threat. It enabled h

to capture 16 suspected pirates without injur

Sailors or the pirates.

I was very pleased by the positive control it

gave my teams as our linguist ordered the pirat

surrender and raise their hands, Captain Genu

8 9

Non-Lethals for Current Operations

Non-lethal, counter-personnel, long-range warning devices

Ground, vehicle or vessel mounted

Range: 10-3,000 meters, depending on the device,atmospheric conditions, listener background noise andother environmental factors

Produce focused, directional sound beams

Potential to project warning tones and intelligible voicecommands beyond small-arms range

Optional pre-programmed foreign phrase commands

Voice or tones generated below Occupational Safetyand Health Act hearing limits

Acoustic Hailing Devices

Master-at-Arms 2nd ClassVictor Arroyos, from San Antonio, Texas res the NavyPTM on Oct. 16, 2010 aboard t he aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 7familiarize himself with the device. The LA-9/PTM can be used for signaling orlethal deterrent to any hostile force approaching the ship. The Abraham LincolnStrike Group is deployed supporting maritime security operations and theater scooperation efforts in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility.

The acoustic hailing device and other non-lethal systems are incredibly important to anyommanding ofcer attempting to gain an understanding of the intent of an approachingkiff ... Anything that extends the battle space by increasing the distance that a ship can

xecute audible warning options buys the commanding ofcer precious distance and time.

Captain Mark Genung, U.S. Navy, Chief of Staff, Expeditionary Strike Group Two and former Vella Gulf Commanding Ofcer

Sailors aboard the guided-missile cruiser USS Vella Gulf (CG 72)use an acoustic hailing device to capture suspected pirates.


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Caltrops are three-pronged, heavy-gauge steel

puncturing spikes that can be thrown on roadways,

or linked together and placed across roadways, tocause immediate, irreparable damage to air-lled

tires. Spike strips can also cause rapid deation of

tires. These hand emplaced, prefabricated strips of

materiel with embedded, hollow steel spikes allow

for a controlled deceleration of vehicles. Both caltrop

and spike strip devices signicantly impede wheeled

vehicle progression.

M2 Vehicle Lightweight Arresting DeviceTMnetsare man-portable, expandable, single-use, spiked

entanglement nets that can be deployed in less than one

minute to puncture and lock-up the front tires of a small

vehicle. These devices can stop a 5,500 pound vehicle

traveling at 20 mph. The enhanced Vehicle Lightweight

Arresting Device with Single Net Solution and Remote

Deployment Device will stop a 22,000 pound vehicle

traveling at 30 mph.

Portable Vehicle Arresting Barriers are hand-placed,

reusable, mechanically activated capturing systems

capable of stopping a 7,500-pound vehicle trav

to 45 mph within 200 feet. These devices use a

net, secured to the ground at both ends, to captusmall vehicle and to force it to a controlled stop

also conning the occupants inside.

ehicle Stopping

Checkpoints, entry control points, convoys andpatrols are situations where non-lethal devicesan effectively stop moving vehicles and provide

on-verbal warning signals to individuals. Optical

stracters, caltrops, spike strips, M2 Vehicle

ghtweight Arresting DeviceTMnets and Portable

ehicle Arresting Barriers all help the warghter

ovide force protection, while giving them enough

me and distance to determine a persons intent.

Optical distracters, to include dazzling lasers,

are non-blinding, hand-held or weapon-, vehicle- or

vessel- mounted lasers and white light devices that

communicate discrete, non-verbal warning signals to

targets. These devices use highly directional optical

energy to temporarily overwhelm an adversarys visual

sense by emitting a compelling ash and glare effect.

Optical distracters can be used at entry control points,

checkpoints and for convoy or vessel protection.

Glare MOUT

Visible Range: 150 meters (day) to2 kilometers (night)

11


LA-9/PVisible Range: 300 meters (day) to

4 kilometers (night)

ncludes a safety control module that shutsff the beam when a target interrupts it at aon eye-safe distance.

Protecting civilian populations is cr

to our success in ghting insurgencie

Green lasers have proven safe and

effective as a non-lethal tool that sen

strong message without the need to em

deadly force.

U.S. Army Colonel Douglas A. Tamilio

Project Manager for Soldier Weapons

10

argeting suspected vehicle with an optical distracter.

The high-intensity laser light of an opticaldistracter captures the attention of the targetedvehicles driver.

Optical Distracters

Non-lethal, counter-personnel devices

Dazzling Lasers provide non-verbal warning

Can be hand-held or weapon-, vehicle- or vessel-mounted

Effective range (varies by model): 25-1,000 meters

Meet safety standards from the American NationalStandard Institute

Approved and elded by U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps,U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force

A spike strhelps secuvehicle ch

Portable Vehicle Arresting Barriers can effectively stop a vehicle, potentially enabling the capture of the driver.General Dynamics Corporation Photos


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oD Non-Lethal Weapons Program 2011 DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Pr ogr12 13

rowd Control

Natural disasters and turmoil among groupsof people are situations where non-lethalapabilities can effectively control crowds, disperseobs and temporarily disable combatants. In thesetuations, our Soldiers, Marines, Sailors, Airmen andoast Guardsmen must balance between providing

umanitarian assistance and maintaining safety, oftenchaotic, panic-lled crises. Non-lethal weapons

n help defuse potential hostilities by lling the gapetween verbal commands and the use of lethal force.

Many Services have tailored variations of non-thal weapon sets for specic mission needs. Whileach Service gives different names to their sets andodules, all the sets have similar goals: to deny,ove, disable or suppress individuals or to stop,

eny access to, disable or divert vehicles or vessels

while having reversible effects. For example, acrowd-control module from a non-lethal weaponset could help our forces maintain order whiledistributing food and water to desperate earthquakesurvivors. As a component of the module, a hand-heldtranslation device would help a Service member easilycommunicate with the group. If the crowd began toconverge on a distribution site, the loud noise of an

acoustic hailing device could help disperse the throngof people. Riot body shields and batons could helpprotect the warghters as they deal with persistent,unruly groups.

When people get angry in a crowd, thatemotion spreads very rapidly. Its veryimportant to de-escalate quickly.

Sergeant 1st Class Bryon Foreman, U.S. Army

354th Military Police Company

Examples of U.S. Army Non-Lethal Capability Sets:

Dismounted module (left), Magnetic Audio Device, an acoustic hailing device, (center) and translation devices (right).U.S. Army and Votex International, Inc. Photos

Versatile packages of commercial- and government-

off-the-shelf mission enhancing non-lethal tools

Transportable, weatherproof military containers

of non-lethal, counter-personnel and counter-

materiel weapons and devices including:

protective gear, acoustic hailing devices,

translation devices, optical distracters and

vehicle-stopping capabilities

Counter-personnel voice-activated language

translation systems

Translate pre-dened English phrases into

foreign languages

Hand-held, one-way, multiple language devices

Provide optional text display (varies by model)

Service customized sets contain modules and sub-modules and have different names:

U.S. Army Non-Lethal Capability Sets U.S. Navy Non-Lethal Capability Sets

U.S. Marine Corps Escalation-of-Force Mission Modules U.S. Air Force Escalation-of-Force Kits


Conducting humanitarian anddisaster relief operations mayrequire non-lethal capabilitiesto control crowds.

Language Translation DevicesNon-Lethal Tool Sets

Non-lethal tool sets provide warghters force opprotection when crowd behavior escalates towar


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Unied Combatant Commands host and

articipate in exercises with other nations each

ear and use of non-lethal weapons in these

vents has increased. The Department of Defense

on-Lethal Weapons Program sponsored

ombatant Command Liaison Ofcers provideon-lethal weapons expertise during planning and

xecution of these exercises.

BulgariaBlack Sea Rotational Force

KosovoU.S. Army Training

PhilippinesU.S. Marine Corps Training

United StatesInter-service Non-LethalIndividual Weapons

Instructors Course

ThailandCobra Gold

United StatesU.S. Coast Guard Training

BelizeTradewinds

MoroccoAfrican Lion

IraqU.S. Army Training

Non-Lethal WeaponsTraining for Current Operations

14 15oD Non-Lethal Weapons Pr ogram 2011 DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Progr

U.S. Special Operations

Command

Paul J. Burke

paul.burke.ctr@

socom.mil

813-826-1229

U.S. Tran

Comman

Lieutenan

Jeffrey T

jeffery.di

ustransco618-229-

Interim C

U.S. Joint Forces

Command

Gordon L. Todd

gordon.todd@

jfcom.mil757-203-7109

U.S. Southern

Command

Alexander E. Sosa

alexander.sosa.ctr@

hq.southcom.mil

305-437-1217

U.S. European

Command

Eric M. Damm

eric.damm.ctr@

mfe.usmc.mil011-49-703-115-2990

U.S. Pacic

Command

Larry M. Brown

larry.m.brown.ctr@

usmc.mil

808-477-8920

U.S. Northern

Command

Nelson L. Spires

nelson.spires.ctr@

northcom.mil

719-554-1428

MongoliaNon-Lethal Weapons Executive Semin

U.S. Central

Command

Rick R. Bartis

richard.bartis.ctr@

centcom.mil813-827-3000

U.S. Africa

Command

Barclay L. Lewis

barclay.lewis@

AmericanSystems.com

011-49-711-729-3672

ombatant Command Liaison Ofcers for the Non-Lethal Weapons Program

Leadership, tactics, preparatitraining all are important in shthe challenges facing U.S. forc

General David H. Petraeus

Commander, International Security Assista

and Commander, U.S. Forces Afghanistan

United StatesU.S. Joint Forces Pre-Deployment to Afghanistan Training

United StatesU.S. Air Force Training

Pacifc Ocean aboard the USS Blue Ridge

U.S. Navy Training


10/16


When considering human effects, those who will

use a new non-lethal weapon must understand its

limitations. For example, an operator needs to know

that in extreme cold weather, a rubber impact round is

harder due to the temperature, and therefore it is going

to have a greater chance of injuring an individual than

in a warm environment when the round is softer.

In addition to human effects, other factors include:

policy, legal, treaty compliance and strategic

communication. These considerations occur from

the beginning, at material solution analysis and

carry through to the systems elding. Policy efforts

may include developing guidance on the use of aninnovative technology. Legal and treaty compliance

reviews must be completed prior to production. In

addition, strategic communication is needed to educate

and create awareness among not only operators, but

also the general public.

The following pages highlight several, but not al

emerging technologies currently in development b

Department of Defense Non-Lethal Weapons Prog

16 17

On any given day, at any number of locations,our operating forces face potential threats. Aspresented above, our men and women in uniformay be required to deny access to secured areas, stop

essels, distract or disorient non-compliant individuals,

r disperse individuals or crowds. The DoD Non-LethalWeapons Program is developing counter-personnel andounter-materiel non-lethal capabilities to meet the needsf Service members, so they can more effectively faceese challenges in the future.

The DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program coordinatesfforts among the Services to assist them with thesearch, development, testing and evaluation of newchnologies. Warghter requirements drive ongoingchnology development. Many of the endeavors aim

to improve the characteristics of currently eldedcapabilities, such as increasing range or reducing sizeand weight. Other requirements-driven research seeks tocreate new and innovative solutions.

In early concept development, requirements for aparticular technology are identied and further rened asit transitions to the acquisition process.

Throughout the development of a new system, human

effects research identies a non-lethal capabilitysrisk of signicantly injuring a targeted individual andcharacterizes a technologys effective operating envelope.The desired non-lethal operating envelope is between thethreshold for intended or desired effects and the risk of

signicant injury.

Emerging Technologies

Non-Lethal Capabilities Under Development or Enhancemen

Improved Flash Bang Grenade

Airburst Non-Lethal Munition

Long Range Ocular Interruption

Active Denial Technology

Improved Acoustic Hailing Device

Underwater Engagement

MK19 Non-Lethal Munition

40mm Human-Electro-Muscular Incapacitation Proje

Mission Payload Module

Non-Lethal Extended Range Marking Munitions

Distributed Sound and Light Array

Counter-Personnel Capabilities

Layered Defense

Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device Single Net Solution

and Remote Deployment Device

Pre-emplaced Electric Vehicle Stopper

Small Vessel Stopping Entanglement

Multi-Frequency Radio-Frequency Vehicle Stopper

Counter-Materiel Equipment

Escalation-of-Force Options

Non-Lethal UnmannedAerial Vehicle High-Power MicrowavePayload Platforms

depicted above, counter-personnel capabilities are designed to target individuals. Counter-materiel equipment primarilyfects objects such as vehicles, vessels, structures or weapon systems. The Department of Defense Non-Lethal Weaponsrogram currently has a number of innovative, counter-personnel and counter-materiel programs under development.

istract orisorienton-Compliant

ndividuals

eny Access to Secured Areas

Stop Vessels

isperse Individualsr Crowds

istributed Soundnd Light Array

ong RangeOcular Interruption

Improved AcousticHailing Device

Human Effects ongoing research at the Target Behavioral ReLaboratory in Picatinny Arsenal, N.J., is focusing on the safeeffectiveness of green lasers.

Optical distracters are an

example of a counter-personnel

capability the DoD Non-LethalWeapons Program is enhancing.


11/16


Range is greater than current tethered systems

Duration of effect lasts up to 30 seconds

Uses include military law enforcement, detainee operations, vessel boarding and access control

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate is the lead organization

40mm Human Electro-Muscular Incapacitation Projectile

1918

Mission Payload Module

Airburst Non-Lethal Munition

Airburst Non-Lethal Munition Effect at Night

Airburst Non-Lethal Munition Fires from M320, M203 or M32 grenade launchers

Fires from M320, M203 or M32 grenade launchers

Improved Flash Bang Grenade

A safer, more effective, hand-thrown ash-banggrenade with greater light output and duration of ash incapacitation.

A 40mm, non-tethered munition that delivers an electro-muscular effect to temporarily disable individuals.

Environmental, health and safety compliantpayload comp

Uses include crowd control and room clearing

U.S. Special Operations Command is the lead agency

U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force are supporting Serv

Improved Flash Bang Grenade clears a space

A launching system mounted on a Humvee that creates a combined light and sound effect.

Delivers a high volume of non-lethal munitions

Uses include crowd control, area denial, convoy operationsand maritime security

U.S. Marine Corps is the lead Service

U.S. Army and U.S. Navy are supporting Services

A 40mm, low velocity round that incorporatesadvanced proximity fuse technology to preciselydeliver a multi-sensory, combined light and soundeffect by means of a bright ash dazzle, loudbang, pressure blast and heating sensation atextended ranges.

Projectile is designed to significantly increaserange well beyond currently fielded systemsand to be fully compatible with existing fielded

grenade launchers

Advanced fusing technology keeps users andnon-combatants safer at closer ranges

Uses include access control, room clearing

and crowd control

U.S. Army is the lead Service

U.S. Air Force is a supporting Service

40mm Human Electro-Muscular Incapacitation Projectile

Front View

Back View

Counter-PersonEmerging Technologies

Distributed Sound and Light Arr

The Distributed Sound and Light Array technologydemonstrator and other programs are providing researchersdata that will enhance development of future technologies.

Technology demonstrator combines directional higsound with bright, white lights and a non-lethal gre

High-output sound array conveys specic instruction

Uses include suppressing drivers of vehicles and ves

Sound and light effects safe for targeted vehicle and

vessel occupants


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20 21

Three-part system designed to capture larger vehicl

than the currently elded M2 Vehicle LightweightArresting Device Nets

Single Net Solutions new design captures a vehiclegreater than 22,000 pounds traveling at 30 mphwithin 200 feet

Remote Deployed Device is an on-command,electromechanical, spring-loaded system capable ofpulling both the Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Dev

Net and Single Net Solution across a road to capturwheeled vehicle

Uses include checkpoints, entry control points andother restricted areas

U.S. Army is the lead Service

Vehicle Lightweight Arresting DeviceSingle Net Solution with Remote Deployment Device

A vessel-stopping propeller, entangling device.

Designed to improve consistent capture of waterborne, propeller-driven craft

Uses include harbor security, force protection and vessel pursuit

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate is the lead agencyThe M2 Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device with Single NetSolution and Remote Deployment Device effectively stops avehicle by entangling its tire.

Single Net Solution with Remote Deployment Device

Researchers aim to increase the effective stopping ranoncoming suspect vehicle using multiple radio frequen

Tests of the Pre-emplaced Vehicle Stopper help determine the effectiveparameters for stopping targeted vehicles.

The Pre-emplaced Electric Vehicle Stopper uses high-powerradio frequency to disrupt the functioning of a vehicles engine.

The Vessel-Stopping Entanglement systemeffectively stops small watercraft by wrappingrope netting around the propellers.

Emerging Technologies Counter-Mate

Vessel-Stopping Entanglement

Multi-Frequency Radio-Frequency Vehicle Stopper

A portable system designed to maintain a safe non-lethalkeep out zone

System design will increase effective vehicle-stopping ranges Uses include force protection, access control points,

roadblocks, checkpoints, mounted patrols, convoys andvehicle stopping

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate is the lead agency

A device delivering multiple radio frequencies that interfere with a vehicles electronics to stop its engine.

Uses include force protection, access control points,

roadblocks and checkpoints to stop vehicles

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate is the lead agency

A pre-emplaced, non-intrusive device that provides an electrical pulse through deployed contacts to shut down a vehicles power

train electrical circuits or components.

Pre-emplaced Electric Vehicle Stopper

Vessel before entanglement

DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Progr

A pre-emplaced, man-portable net equipped with a barbed spike system and rapid deployment capability.


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Operational-Based Initiative

Operations in Afghanistan are driving NATO interestin non-lethal weapons capabilities. A request fromthe International Security Assistance Force, NATOscommand in Afghanistan, resulted in the Defence AgainstTerrorism-11th initiative on non-lethal capabilities.The initiative is working on plans for an October 2011technology demonstration in Ottawa, Canada.

Members of the Defence Against Terrorism-11thinitiative examined International Security AssistanceForce non-lethal weapons needs, developed a catalogof available non-lethal technologies and supported

specic technology assessments, including a March2010 Blunt Impact Trauma Workshop held in Belgium.Detailed planning is now underway for the technologydemonstration, which will be held in conjunctionwith the Department of Defense Non-Lethal WeaponsProgram Joint Integration Program meeting. Thedemonstration will bring together multinationalrepresentatives from the operational, procurement andsystem development communities. This demonstrationwill provide an opportunity to address InternationalSecurity Assistance Force emerging concepts andneeds, as well as a venue for industry to showcaseavailable non-lethal weapons technologies.

Symposium Advances Non-Lethal Weapons

The Analytical Support to Defense TransformationSymposium, held April 2010 in Bulgaria,included a presentation from the Joint Non-LethalWeapons Directorate.

The symposium brought together experts fromnumerous allied and partner nations to address majorchanges in the security environment, emerging

adversary concepts and capabilities and implicand opportunities for NATO. Symposium partiincluded military representatives, defense analstrategic planners, force developers and acadewho shared information and discussed ideas totransformation in planning, acquisition, concedevelopment, experimentation and operations.

During the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directpresentation, Directorate representativesaddrestransformation issues using insights from non-lethal weapons work done over the past decadepresenters began with a brief overview of non-lweapons, including non-lethal weapon contribu

in recent and ongoing operations. They concludpresentation by discussing several analytical apused in past and current non-lethal weapon effohighlighting transformation insights and opport

International Impact

More than 25 member nations enable the NATArmy Armaments Group, Topical Group 3 to hthe broadest reach of the NATO non-lethal weaorganizations. With a mission to improve NATOnon-lethal capabilities, Topical Group 3 is the fexchange of information, standardization of nonmateriel and promotion of multilateral and bilatcooperation. The Group also coordinates all actrelated to non-lethal capabilities in the NATO AArmaments Group and is responsible for non-lecapabilities across all military operations and openvironments. One immediate result of their effwas the creation of the NATO Non-Lethal CapCatalogue and Database, which includes more tsearchable, easy-to-understand entries from 13 and the NATO Underwater Research Center.

NATO provides a unique opportunity for

ember and partner countries to consultnd take decisions on security issues at all

vels and in a variety of elds to promoteability and guarantee allied defence.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

ATO Engagements

For more than a decade, NATO has understood theimportance of non-lethal weapons as capabilitiesat enhance and complement conventional weapons.

NATO continues to take steps to provide its forces

ith escalation-of-force options for operations around

e world. Their progress includes a variety of non-

thal weapon efforts during 2010.

apabilities-Based Assessmenteading to Solutions

NATOs System Analysis and Studies-078 Task

roup, chaired by the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons

irector, is conducting a non-lethal weapons

pabilities-based assessment. The Task Group will

develop alliance-wide non-lethal weapons requirements,

identify capability gaps and assess potential solutions.

In February, NATOs two Strategic Commands,

Allied Command Operations and Allied Command

Transformation, endorsed the Task Groups non-lethal

weapons requirement descriptions. This endorsement

marks the rst time NATO has formally approved non-

lethal weapons requirements.

The Task Group also completed a non-lethal weapons

capabilities gap analysis. This analysis involved comparing

current and programmed non-lethal capabilities against

requirements to identify, characterize and prioritize gaps.

Work is underway to identify, develop and assess potential

materiel and non-materiel solutions to ll these gaps.

The Task Group developed a proposed experimentation

framework and conducted an experiment at Camp Rena,

Norway, to assess the framework, specic technologies

and experimentation protocols for non-lethal weapons.

22

North Atlantic Treaty Organization / Organisation du Trait de lAtlantique Nord

Albania

Belgium

Bulgaria

Canada

Croatia

Czech Rep

Denmark

Estonia

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

Headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, NATO is an intergovernmentalmilitary alliance that consists of 28 independent member countries,represented above in green.

NATO/ OTAN

Video conference at NATO HQ with ISAF HQ in Afghanistan.(Ofcial NATO Photo)

23

Expanding Outreach

Co-Chairmen of the

North American

Technology Demonstration:

Colonel Tracy J. Tafolla,

U.S. DoD Joint Non-Lethal

Weapons Director and

Colonel Robert A. Elvish,

National Defence and

Canadian Forces ArmamentSustainment Program

Management Director.(OfficialUSMCPhoto) (OfficialCanadianForcesPhoto)

NATO Army Armaments Group Topical Group 3 met in JanuaHeadquarters, Brussels, Belgium.(Unattributed NATO Photo)


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Joint Integration Program

The Joint Integration Program provides a joint-

Service approach to improving the Services Non-

Lethal Capability Sets and elded non-lethal weapons

capabilities. The program offers the Services an

opportunity to exchange lessons learned regarding the

use of these non-lethal capabilities in both training

and operational environments. The Joint Integration

Program conducts semi-annual meetings, one of

which includes demonstrations of vendor items that

are candidates for elding or inclusion in Non-Lethal

Capability Sets.

The Joint Integration Program hosted an Advanced

Planning Brief to Industry, Nov. 2-3, in Las Vegas,

Nev. The rst day of the event included an exhibition

by approximately 80 vendors featuring a wide

variety of non-lethal weapons capabilities and related

training equipment. The Joint Non-Lethal Weapons

Directorate and the military Services provided

briengs to industry on emerging non-lethal weapons

requirements. The second day of the event included

demonstrations by selected companies for government

personnel at nearby Nellis Air Force Base.

Throughout the year, Joint Non-Lethal WeaponsProgram personnel met with foreign andomestic non-lethal capability manufacturers.hese visits included exhibitions, presentations and

emonstrations, which provided valuable information

bout currently produced non-lethal capabilities. In

ddition, manufacturers gained a clearer understanding

f the militarys non-lethal requirements.

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program personnel

ong with contractors, suppliers, experts and

ustomers from 53 countries attended the Eurosatory

xhibition in June at the Villepinte Exhibition Centre

in Paris. Eurosatory, the worlds premiere defense

exhibition, featured more than 1,300 exhibitors,

providing an opportunity for the Directorate tointeract with many foreign and U.S. non-lethal

capability providers. In addition to connecting

with current industry partners, the exhibition

enabled networking opportunities with numerous

foreign industries and governments. These valuable

exchanges enhanced understanding of new and

emerging foreign technologies. A NATO-led North

American Technology Demonstration, a multi-

national, invitation-only event is scheduled for Oct.

25-27, 2011 in Ottawa, Canada.

Industry Engagements

24

Attendees interact with exhibitors at Eurosatory 2010.Eurosatory 2010 Photo)

The Department of Defense Non-Lethal Weapons Program increased

its engagement with industry during 2010. These engagements provided

opportunities to inform industries of the DoDs non-lethal requirements, aswell as to learn about defense industry trends and developments. The primary

goal of these endeavors was to expedite the procurement and development

of highly functional capabilities that meet the needs of our warghters.

25

Expanding Outreach

Marine Day Event

National Defense Industrial Association, JointArmaments Conference, Exhibition & Firing Demo

Alternative Weapons Summit

Special Operations Forces Industry Conference

National Small Arms Center & Consortium

National Guard Association of the United StatesConference & Exhibition

Military Vehicles Exhibition & Conference

24th Small Arms & Cannons Symposium

Modern Day Marine Military Exhibition

Ofce of Naval Research Naval Science &Technology Partnership Conference

Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering &Technology Symposium

Battelle Exchange

American Rheinmetall Meeting

Mock Prison Riots

POLICE-TREXPO East Exhibition

Combined Tactical Systems Demonstration D

Association of the United States Army AnnuaMeeting & Exhibition

African Aerospace Defence Exhibition

Irregular Warfare Conference

Eurosatory Exhibition

Joint Integration Program Meeting & Industry

INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENTS AT A GLANCE

Industry representatives interested in interfacing withDoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program may contact:

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate

Attn: Frank Hubbard, JIP Program Manager

3097 Range Road

Quantico, VA 22134-5100

Phone: 001-1-703-784-2951

E-mail: [email protected]

Lieutenant Colonel Jeffrey P. Bevington, U.S. Army (left),

requirements ofcer with the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons DCapabilities and Requirements Division, served as a RangeOfcer and helped supervise the Joint Integration Programdemonstrations held at Nellis Air Force Base, Nev.(DoD Photo by Alicia J. Owsiak)


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ColombianMarine Corps

Brigadier General

Luis Gomez Vasquez,

Commandant of the

Colombian Marine Corps,

and his staff visited the

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons

Directorate in June to learn

about the DoD Non-Lethal

Weapons Program. The visit

was part of the U.S. Marine

Corps Cooperative Visit Program, which seeks to buildon the relationships between the U.S. Marine Corps and

its equivalents in foreign nations. The brieng gave the

ofcials insights into the important functions non-lethal

weapons have in our military efforts.

Deputy Chief of Staff,HQ ISAF Joint Command Briefed

Major General David C.

Garza, Deputy Chief of

Staff for Joint Operations

in Afghanistan, received

a brieng on non-lethal

weapons at the Joint

Non-Lethal Weapons

Directorate ofces in July.

Major General Garza was

most recently Chief of

Staff for U.S. Southern

Command, based inMiami. The presentation

informed Major General

Garza about the DoD Non-Lethal Weapons Program

and the valuable role that non-lethal weapons can

play in the U.S.s mission in Afghanistan by reducing

civilian casualties and damage to infrastructure.

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons DirectoVisits Afghanistan

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate staff

members traveled to Afghanistan in June to br

senior leadership of the International Security

Assistance Force (ISAF) and U.S. Forces Afgh

on non-lethal weapons and capabilities. Joint N

Lethal Weapons Directorate staff also addresse

initiatives to include non-lethal weapons traini

strategic communication.

Fleet Week New York 2010

Members of the Department of Defense Non

Weapons Program participated in Fleet Week N

York, providing both the military and general p

information about non-lethal weapons. Thousa

of attendees visited the display of some of the

currently elded non-lethal weapons, includin

distracters, blunt impact munitions, combined

munitions, riot control agents and vehicle-stop

devices. Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorat

also engaged key leadership within New York

law enforcement, United Nations and U.S. mil

During the past year, the Department of DefenseNon-Lethal Weapons Program providedformation and demonstrations to a variety of

udiences, including the news media, the public, U.S.

nd foreign militaries and government leadership.

Through participation in various events, the DoD

on-Lethal Weapons Program provided clear and

curate information on non-lethal weapons and

ow they can support U.S. military operations. Such

formation gave audiences a better understanding

f non-lethal weapons potential uses; addressed

isconceptions about these devices; and helped

btain support of the DoD Non-Lethal Weapons

rograms efforts.

ongressional Interest

Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate staff briefed

enator Edward E. Ted Kaufman (D-Del) on

apitol Hill in May, at his request following a visit to

fghanistan. Senator Kaufmans interest in learning

ore about non-lethal weapons led to more extensive

iengs and capability demonstrations at the Naval

urface Warfare Center Dahlgren, Va. in June. Hosted

y the Dahlgren Directed Energy Warfare Ofce,

enator Kaufman received briengs from Directorate

project leaders on current and developing munitions,

devices and technologies. Field demonstrations

included the Distributed Sound and Light Array, Pre-

emplaced Vehicle Stopper and the Multi-Frequency

Radio-Frequency Vehicle Stopper.

Senator Kaufman noted the importance of giving

troops in the eld the right tools to make the right

decisions. Non-lethal weapons have an important role

in the current operational environment, said Kaufman,

adding that its an environment he believes U.S. armed

forces will face over the next several years.

U.S. Central Command

General David H.

Petraeus received a non-lethal weapons brieng

from the Joint Non-Lethal

Weapons Directorate staff

in May as Commander,

U.S. Central Command.

The brieng focused on

non-lethal current and

future capabilities.

Informing International & National Leaders

26 27

Fleet Week attendees learn about non-lethal weapons, dmunitions from Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate

nator Ted Kaufman (D-Del) receives a brieng about the

stributed Sound &Light Array from Colonel Tracy J. Tafolla.

Brigadier General Luis GomezVasquez, Commandant of theColombian Marine Corps

Expanding Outreach

First-hand experience: Senator Ted Kaufman volunteered to experience the DistributedSound and Light Array.

Key Leader Engagements

Major General David C. Garza,Deputy Chief of Staff forJoint Operations, HQ ISAFJoint Command

General David H. Petraeus,former Commander CENTCOM,and current Commander of ISAFand USFOR-A


16/16

The Department of Defense Non-Lethal Weapons Program

provides our operating forces escalation-of-force options,

minimizing casualties and collateral damage.

NON-LETHAL WEAPONS FOR TODAYS OPERATIONS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NON-LETHAL WEAPONS PROGRAM

HTTPS://WWW.JNLWP.USMC.MIL

non-lethal for today's op's

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