“NON RENEWAL ENERGY RESOURCES”

ASSIGNMENT-2Submitted for the course – Environmental Science (CHY1002)

By

SAHIL JAIN

16BCE0372

Slot- G1

Name of faculty – AKHILA MAHESHWARI M-SAS

(SCHOOL OF ADVANCED SCIENCES)

August, 2016

What is a resource??

A resource is anything we can use to help us live and work.

Things that humans can use. Fuel supplies already discovered that can be used in the future. Recovery of waste products to convert into materials that can be used again.

WHY HAS RESOURCE USE INCREASED?

Population Increase

Increase in Technology

Increase in purchasing power in LEDCs

Increase in disposable income.

Non-Renewable Energy resources-

A) Resources which cannot be used again and again, like water and wind.

B) Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which are finite, and will eventually run out are examples. Once they have been used they can’t be used again.

C) Fossil fuels made from trees and plants.

Non-renewable types of energy can only be used once. There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually. Non-renewable resources make up approximately 95% of the world’s energy.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ABOUT NON RENEWAL ENERGY RESOURCES-

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Very cheap They will run out

Efficient Very ‘dirty’

Can produce a lot of energy in a short time Harmful to the environment

BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT SOME NON RENEWAL ENERGY RESOURCES-

COAL –

Although coal is found in many places throughout the world, nearly half of it is located in the United States. Of the 700 million tons of coal mined each year in the United States, two- thirds is burned to fuel electric generating plants. The remainder is used to provide heat for buildings and to make steel and other industrial products.

GEOTHERMAL POWER

Geothermal energy comes from the tremendous heat trapped deep within the earth. Natural steam geysers are used to generate electricity. Hot water can also be pumped out of the ground to heat buildings. Geothermal sources account for less than 1 % of the total energy produced In the United States. Most of the sources are in the western third of the nation.

NATURAL GAS

It is estimated that there is only enough natural gas in the world to last for 20 more years. Most of the recoverable supplies are found In the U.S.S.R., the Middle East, and the United States. Natural gas provides about 32% of the total energy used in the United States. Some natural gas is used for home heating and cooking, but most is used in industry.

NUCLEAR POWER

Nuclear power requires uranium as the fuel source. When uranium atoms are split (fission), heat is released. Water is circulated through the reactor to keep it cool. As the water turns to steam, it is forced through a turbine to generate electricity. There are 52 nuclear generating plants, which provide about 1 % of our total energy in the United States.

Above all are considered as fossil fuels. So some information about fossil fuel is given below-

ABOUT FOSSIL FUELS-

Three main types: oil; coal; natural gas

Take millions of years to form

Cannot be replaced once used: non-renewable

Found beneath the ground

Can be difficult to get to

Burnt to give off heat

Burnt in power stations to generate electricity

Give off carbon dioxide when burnt

Fuel wood is a fossil fuel

One day they could run out

Disadvantages or Drawbacks of using fossil fuels:

Acid Rain (due to pollution)

Global Warming (due to pollution)

Resource depletion & competition

Increase of carbon di-oxide in atmosphere.

Acid rains-

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some Governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes, and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. The chemicals in acid rain can cause paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues.

Global Warming-

The warming of the Earth’s atmosphere, probably due to increased emissions of carbon dioxide. Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects. Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans. The rest has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.

Reduction of CO2 from atmosphere is important because-

A) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for accelerating the natural greenhouse effect which is causing global warming.

B) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for causing a hole in the earth’s ozone layer which is causing global warming.

C) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because It is responsible for causing acid rain which erodes buildings.

UTILIZATION OF NON RENEWAL RESOURCES:-

To manufacture electricity, heating, cooking, transportation and producing. Eighty fifth of the energy employed in the economic processes is type the non-renewable form of energy.Oil is gift within the earth’s layer that is termed as sedimentary rock. This energy resource is reborn to gasolene, jet fuel, fuel like coal oil and diesel.Atomic power plants are another variety of non renewable energy whose use relies upon the mining of metallic element.Metallic element power plants are extremely economical in terms of energy production. Metallic element is found even additional ordinarily than silver.

Steps that can can be taken to preserve resources and reduce pollution-

Resource depletion is that the consumption of a resource faster than it's replenished. Natural resources unit of measurement normally divided between renewable resources and non-renewable resources.

Given below are some measures that can be put forward to avoid depletion of non renewal energy resources:-

Resource Substitution This is where you use one product in place of another one. For example using aluminium instead of tin cans as it is cheaper and easier to recycle.

Recycling Recovery of waste products by converting them into materials that can be used again. For example glass bottles, aluminium cans (only uses 5% of energy it takes to make them from scratch)

Energy Efficiency Measures to reduce heat and energy loss. Individually this means switching off lights, using low energy light bulbs, insulating our homes. Also government has introduced building regulations and energy efficiency ratings on electrical products, more energy efficient cars – car in Europe is on average 90% cleaner than 10 years ago.

Reducing Pollution Measures to stop emission reaching atmosphere or cleaning the emissions before they do. For example. fitting giant scrubbers on coal power stations, trying to switch from coal to gas power stations and fitting catalytic converters to cars.

Alternative Energy Sources Energy sources that can be used instead of fossil fuels. These can include nuclear or renewable sources such as wind or solar.

THANK YOU

REFERENCE-

WIKIPEDIA

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