non-sterile compounding overview 2016 update handout · 1 omar allibhai, pharmd, rph, faca johnson...
TRANSCRIPT
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Omar Allibhai, PharmD, RPh, FACA
Johnson Compounding and Wellness
Compounding Pharmacy Fellow
ObjectivesAt the conclusion of the program, participants should be able to:
Distinguish non‐sterile dosage forms and their associated Beyond Use Dates
Analyze the individual components needed for a master formulation record and compounding record
Determine appropriate methods for hazardous drug handling, storage and preparation
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Disclosures
I have nothing to disclose.
Clinical Pearls List
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Responsibilities of Compounder
Correct strength, drug, dosage form quality, purity of ingredients
Correct strength, drug, dosage form quality, purity of compounded product
Appropriate packaging and labeling
Bulk containers are labeled with appropriate OSHA communication labels
All equipment is clean & properly maintained
Compounding is preformed in the appropriate environment
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Categories of Non‐sterile compounding Criteria depends on:
Degree of difficulty or complexity of the compounding process
Stability information and warnings
Package and storage
Dosage forms
Complexity of calculations
Level of risk for the compounder
Potential risk for the patient
Local versus systemic biological disposition
Simple Preparations have USP monographs
Appear in peer‐reviewed journals that contain: Specific quantities of all components
Compounding Procedures and equipment
Stability for that formulation with appropriate BUDs
Reconstitution or manipulating commercial products that may require the addition of one or more ingredients as product directed by manufacturer
Examples: Captopril oral solution
Indomethecan Topical Gel
Potassium Bromide oral solution (Vet use only)
Categories of Non‐sterile compounding
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Moderate
Preparations that requires special calculations or procedures to determine quantities of components or per individualized dosage unit
Stability data not available
Examples:
Suppository / Troche formulations where mold calibration is needed
Mixing two creams, ointments or gels together, when stability data is unknown
Categories of Non‐sterile compounding
Complex Making a preparation that requires special:
Training
Environment
Facilities
Equipment
Procedures to ensure appropriate therapeutic outcome
Examples:
Transdermal dosage forms
Modified release preparations
Hazardous Drugs
Categories of Non‐sterile compounding
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What category of non‐sterile compounding would an amoxicillin suspension be that was reconstituted per the manufacturers instructions?
A) Simple
B) Moderate
C) Complex
Categories of Non‐sterile compounding
What category of Non‐Sterile compounding would an amoxicillin suspension be that was reconstituted per the manufacturers instructions and then added Bubblegum Flavoring?
A) Simple
B) Moderate
C) Complex
Categories of Non‐sterile compounding
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Stability and BUD
BUD in which the compounded should not be used (Beyond Use Date)
Determined from date and type of preparation
Assigned conservatively
Consult and apply drug‐specific, general stability documentation, and literature
• Considerations:•Nature of drug•Degradation mechanism•Dosage form•Components
•Potential for microbial proliferation•Container in which packaged•Expected storage conditions
chemistry.about.com
Determining a Beyond Use Date“In the absence of stability information that is applicable to a specific drug and preparation, the following table presents maximum BUDs recommended for (1) nonsterile compounded drug preparations that are packaged in tight, light‐resistant containers and stored at controlled room temperature, unless otherwise indicated; and for (2) sterile preparations for which a program of sterility testing is in place. Drugs or chemicals known to be liable to decomposition will require shorter BUDs.”
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Guidelines for BUD in Absence of Stability Information
*** BUD shall not be later than the expiration date on the
container of any component ***
BUD by Type of Formulation
Nonaqueous Formulations 6 Months
Water ‐Containing Oral Formulations
14 Days Refrigerated
Water‐Containing Topical/Dermal and Mucosal Liquid and Semisolid Formulations
30 Days
What would the BUD of an omeprazole aqueous suspension be?
A) 6 Months
B) 14 Days
C) 30 Days
D) 10 Days
Determining a Beyond Use Date
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What would the BUD be of an omeprazole aqueous suspension be with data indicating the preparation is stable for 6 months?
A) 6 Months
B) 14 Days
C) 30 Days
D) 10 Days
Determining a Beyond Use Date
What would the BUD be of an omeprazole aqueous suspension be with data indicating the preparation is stable for 6 months and the suspension vehicle expires in 10 days?
A) 6 Months
B) 14 Days
C) 30 Days
D) 10 Days
Determining a Beyond Use Date
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Compounding DocumentationRecord may be a copy of prescription in written or machine‐readable form & should include a Master Formulation + Compounding record
Written or electronic
Allows to systematically trace, evaluate, and replicatesteps
Documentation retained the same period as required for any prescription under state law (2 years in MA)
Compounding Documentation“When the compounder compounds a preparation according to the manufacturer’s labeling instruction’s, then further documentation is not required. All other compounded preparations require further documentation”
Further Documentation:
Master Formulation Record
Compounding Record
Standard Operating Procedures
Material Safety Data Sheets
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Master Formulation Record Name, strength, dosage of preparation
Calc. needed to determine amount of components
Doses of active ingredients
Description of all ingredients + quantities
Compatibility and stability information (include reference if available)
Equipment needed to prepare the preparation
Container used in dispensing
Packaging and storage requirements
Description of final preparation
Quality control procedures and expected results
Mixing Instructions:• Order of mixing• Temp & other
environmental controls• Duration of mixing• Other factors pertinent
to the replication
Sample Labeling Info:• Generic name & quantity
/concentration of active ingredient
• BUD• Storage• Prescription / control
number
Compounding Record Components Official or assigned name, strength, & dosage of preparation
Master Formulation Record reference
Names and quantities of all components
Sources, lot numbers, and expiration dates of components
Total quantity compounded
Name of the person who prepared the preparation, performed the quality control, approved preparation
Date of preparation
Control or prescription number
BUD
Duplicate label as described in the Master Formulation Record
Description of final preparation
Results of quality control procedures
Documentation of any quality control issues & any adverse reactions or preparation problems reported by patient or caregiver
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Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) All significant procedures performed in compounding area should be covered by written SOPs
Developed for facility, equipment, personnel, preparation, packing, storage
Establishes procedural consistency
Provides a reference for orientation and training
www.mlatc.edu
www.becomeapharmacist.net
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Readily accessible to all employees working with drug substances or bulk chemicals
Employees should be instructed on how to retrieve & interpret info
www.elmerdavis.comwww.123rf.com
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Hazardous Drugs
Stored, Prepared, Handled by trained personnel
References: OSHA Technical Manual: Section VI: Chapter 2, controlling Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Drugs
NIOSH Alert: Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Health Care Settings (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004‐165) and updates
USP <800>: Hazardous Drugs – Handling in a Health Care Setting (Published Feb 2016, Implementation date July 1st 2018)
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In 1990, ASHP (American Society of Health System Pharmacists) defined a hazardous drug as having one of the following characteristics: Genotoxicity (i.e., mutagenicity and clastogenicity in short‐term test systems)
Carcinogenicity in animal models, in the patient population, or both, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Teratogenicity or fertility impairment in animal studies or in treated patients
Evidence of serious organ or other toxicity at low doses in animal models or treated patients.
What are Hazardous Drugs?
The ASHP definition was later revised in 2004 by NIOSH (National Institute for Safety and Health)
Drugs are now considered hazardous if they exhibit one or more of the following traits:
Carcinogenicity
Teratogenicity or other developmental toxicity
Reproductive toxicity
Organ toxicity at low doses
Genotoxicity
Structure and toxicity profiles of new drugs that mimic existing drugs determined hazardous by the above criteria
What are Hazardous Drugs?
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It is important that every facility create their own hazardous drug list
Each new drug that is purchased must be evaluated for entry into the list
A sample list has been provided with the 2004 NIOSH Alert
Hazardous Drugs List
AcitretinAldesleukinAlefaceptAlitretinoinAltretamineAmbrisentanAmsacrineAnastrozoleArsenic trioxideAsparaginaseAzacitidineAzathioprineBacillus Calmette‐GuerinBendamustine HClBexaroteneBicalutamideBleomycinBortezomibBosentanBusulfan
CabergolineCapecitabineCarbamazepineCarboplatinCarmustineCetrorelix acetateChlorambucilChloramphenicolChoriogonadotropin alfaCidofovirCisplatinCladribineClofarabineClonazepamColchicineCyclophosphamideCyclosporinCytarabineDacarbazineDactinomycinDasatinibDaunorubicin HCl
DecitibineDegarelixDenileukinDiethylstilbestrolDinoprostoneDocetaxelDoxorubicinDronedarone HClDutasterideEntecavirEpirubicinErgonovineEstradiolEstramustine phosphateEstrogen‐progestin combinationsEstrogens, conjugatedEstrogens, esterifiedEstroneEstropipateEtoposideEverolimusExemestaneFinasteride
NIOSH 2014 Hazardous Drug (HD) LIST
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FinasterideFloxuridineFludarabineFluorouracilFluoxymesteroneFlutamideFulvestrantGanciclovirGanirelix acetateGemcitabineGemtuzumab ozogamicinGonadotropin, chorionicGoserelinHydroxyureaIdarubicinIfosfamideImatinib mesylateIrinotecan HClIxabepiloneLeflunomideLenalidomideLetrozoleLeuprolide acetateLomustine
MechlorethamineMedroxyprogesterone acetateMegestrolMelphalanMenotropinsMercaptopurineMethotrexateMethyltestosteroneMifepristoneMitomycinMitotaneMitoxantrone HClMycophenolate mofetilMycophenolic acidNafarelinNelarabineNilotinibNilutamideOxaliplatinOxcarbazepineOxytocinPaclitaxelPalifermin
ParoxetinePazopanib HClPegaspargasePemetrexedPentamidine isethionatePentetate calcium trisodium††PentostatinPhenoxybenzamine HClPipobromanPlerixaforPodofiloxPodophyllum resinPralatrexateProcarbazineProgesteroneProgestinsRaloxifeneRasagiline mesylateRibavirinRisperidoneRomidepsinSirolimusSorafenibStreptozocinSunitinib malateTacrolimusTamoxifenTelevancinTemozolomide
NIOSH 2014 Hazardous Drug (HD) LIST
Hazardous drugs can enter the body through:
Inhalation
Injection
Ingestion
Dermal Absorption
Dermal contact and absorption is the primary route of exposure
Always clean counters and wash hands
Always don gloves over the cuff of the gown
Routes of Exposure
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Gloves
Gowns
Eye and Face Protection
Masks
Sleeve, Hair, and Shoe Covers
Personal Protective Equipment
Standard Surgical
Meant to prevent the release of potential contaminants from the user into their immediate environment
Collection efficiency of filters can range from less than 10% to nearly 90% for different manufacturers Measured using the test
parameters for NIOSH certification
Not oil resistant
Respirators are rated by oil resistance and particle protection: “N” if they are not resistant to
oil “R” if somewhat resistant to oil “P” if strongly resistant (oil
proof) 95, 99, or 100 rated depending
on % particle collection
N‐95 Collects at least 95% of the
challenge aerosol and is not oil resistant
Mask
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USP <800>: Hazardous Drugs –Handling in Healthcare Settings
Purpose: Establish concise guidelines for the handling of hazardous drugs.
Expands on the existing guidelines from USP <795> and <797>
Removal of low volume limit
Key Element = Containment of Hazardous Drugs
http://www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/Topics/AtoZ/HazardousDrugs/images/HazDrugsDrugs.jpg
USP <800> : What Will Be Required All Hazardous Drug compounding shall be performed in a separate area designated for hazardous drug compounding
Hazardous Drug compounding shall be performed in a negative pressure room with at least 12 air changes per hour for non‐sterile compounding
Hazardous Drug Storage shall be: Stored in a negative pressure room with at least 12 air changes per hour
Labeled as hazardous
Stored separately from other inventory
Stored at or below eye level
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USP <800> : What Will Be Required Appropriate personnel protective equipment (PPE)
Gloves: 2 pairs
Tested to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard for HD Permeability
Powder Free
Gowns:
Disposable gowns that have been tested to resist Hazardous Drug permeability
Shall close in the back (no open front)
Have long sleeves, and closed cuffs that are elastic or knit
USP <800> : What Will Be Required Appropriate personnel protective equipment (PPE)
Masks:
Minimum of N‐95 mask while handling hazardous drugs
P‐100 mask while unpacking hazardous drugs not contained in plastic
Shoe Covers:
2 pairs
Note: All reusable PPE must be decontaminated and cleaned after use
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Hazardous DrugsTrue or False: Every new drug purchased by a facility must be evaluated for entry into their Hazardous Drug List.
A) True
B) False
Hazardous DrugsWhich of the following chemicals do not belong on your Hazardous Drug List
A) Clonazepam
B) Ketamine
C) Estriol
D) Paroxetine HCl
E) Sirolimus
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Hazardous DrugsThe “N‐95” for a N‐95 respirator or surgical mask stands for
A) Oil resistant and collects 95% of particles
B) Not oil resistant and collects 95% of particles
C) Not oil resistant and collects 99% of particles
D) Oil resistant and collects 99% of particles
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Take 5 minutes now to evaluate your goals and plan initial actions
Before we proceed…
References
<795> Pharmaceutical Compounding‐ NonsterilePreparations. United States Pharmacopeia. (2014); 6830‐6838.
NIOSH [2004]. NIOSH Alert: preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in health care settings. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute NIOSH ALERT 2014
USP <800> Hazardous Drugs – Handling in Healthcare Setting