non-sterile compounding overview 2016 update handout · 1 omar allibhai, pharmd, rph, faca johnson...

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1 Omar Allibhai, PharmD, RPh, FACA Johnson Compounding and Wellness Compounding Pharmacy Fellow Objectives At the conclusion of the program, participants should be able to: Distinguish nonsterile dosage forms and their associated Beyond Use Dates Analyze the individual components needed for a master formulation record and compounding record Determine appropriate methods for hazardous drug handling, storage and preparation

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Page 1: Non-Sterile Compounding Overview 2016 Update HANDOUT · 1 Omar Allibhai, PharmD, RPh, FACA Johnson Compounding and Wellness Compounding Pharmacy Fellow Objectives At the conclusion

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Omar Allibhai, PharmD, RPh, FACA

Johnson Compounding and Wellness

Compounding Pharmacy Fellow

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of the program, participants should be able to:

Distinguish non‐sterile dosage forms and their associated Beyond Use Dates

Analyze the individual components needed for a master formulation record and compounding record

Determine appropriate methods for hazardous drug handling, storage and preparation

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Disclosures

I have nothing to disclose.

Clinical Pearls List

http://monthlypearl.com/wp‐content/uploads/2011/08/pearl‐WPheader.jpg

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Responsibilities of Compounder

Correct strength, drug, dosage form quality, purity of ingredients

Correct strength, drug, dosage form quality, purity of compounded product

Appropriate packaging and labeling

Bulk containers are labeled with appropriate OSHA communication labels

All equipment is clean & properly maintained

Compounding is preformed in the appropriate environment

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Categories of Non‐sterile compounding Criteria  depends on:

Degree of difficulty or complexity of the compounding process

Stability information and warnings

Package and storage

Dosage forms

Complexity of calculations

Level of risk for the compounder

Potential risk for the patient

Local versus systemic biological disposition 

Simple Preparations have USP monographs 

Appear in peer‐reviewed journals that contain: Specific quantities of all components

Compounding Procedures and equipment

Stability for that formulation with appropriate BUDs

Reconstitution or manipulating commercial products that may require the addition of one or more ingredients as product directed by manufacturer

Examples: Captopril oral solution

Indomethecan Topical Gel

Potassium Bromide oral solution (Vet use only)

Categories of Non‐sterile compounding

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Moderate

Preparations that requires special calculations or procedures to determine quantities of components or per individualized dosage unit

Stability data not available

Examples:

Suppository / Troche formulations where mold calibration is needed

Mixing two creams, ointments or gels together, when stability data is unknown

Categories of Non‐sterile compounding

Complex Making a preparation that requires special:

Training

Environment

Facilities

Equipment

Procedures to ensure appropriate therapeutic outcome

Examples:

Transdermal dosage forms

Modified release preparations

Hazardous Drugs

Categories of Non‐sterile compounding

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What category of non‐sterile compounding would an amoxicillin suspension be that was reconstituted per the manufacturers instructions?

A) Simple

B) Moderate

C) Complex

Categories of Non‐sterile compounding

What category of Non‐Sterile compounding would an amoxicillin suspension be that was reconstituted per the manufacturers instructions and then added Bubblegum Flavoring?

A) Simple

B) Moderate

C) Complex

Categories of Non‐sterile compounding

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Stability and BUD

BUD  in which the compounded should not be used (Beyond Use Date)

Determined from date and type of preparation 

Assigned conservatively

Consult and apply drug‐specific, general stability documentation, and literature

• Considerations:•Nature of drug•Degradation mechanism•Dosage form•Components

•Potential for microbial proliferation•Container in which packaged•Expected storage conditions

chemistry.about.com

Determining a Beyond Use Date“In the absence of stability information that is applicable to a specific drug and preparation, the following table presents maximum BUDs recommended for (1) nonsterile compounded drug preparations that are packaged in tight, light‐resistant containers and stored at controlled room temperature, unless otherwise indicated; and for (2) sterile preparations for which a program of sterility testing is in place.  Drugs or chemicals known to be liable to decomposition will require shorter BUDs.”

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Guidelines for BUD in Absence of Stability Information 

*** BUD shall not be later than the expiration date on the 

container of any component ***

BUD by Type of Formulation

Nonaqueous Formulations 6 Months

Water ‐Containing Oral Formulations

14 Days Refrigerated

Water‐Containing Topical/Dermal and Mucosal Liquid and Semisolid Formulations

30 Days

What would the BUD of an omeprazole aqueous suspension be?

A) 6 Months

B) 14 Days

C) 30 Days

D) 10 Days

Determining a Beyond Use Date

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What would the BUD be of an omeprazole aqueous suspension be with data indicating the preparation is stable for 6 months?

A) 6 Months

B) 14 Days

C) 30 Days

D) 10 Days

Determining a Beyond Use Date

What would the BUD be of an omeprazole aqueous suspension be with data indicating the preparation is stable for 6 months and the suspension vehicle expires in 10 days?

A) 6 Months

B) 14 Days

C) 30 Days

D) 10 Days

Determining a Beyond Use Date

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Compounding DocumentationRecord may be a copy of prescription in written or machine‐readable form & should include a Master Formulation + Compounding record

Written or electronic

Allows to systematically trace, evaluate, and replicatesteps

Documentation retained the same period as required for any prescription under state law (2 years in MA)

Compounding Documentation“When the compounder compounds a preparation according to the manufacturer’s labeling instruction’s, then further documentation is not required.  All other compounded preparations require further documentation”

Further Documentation:

Master Formulation Record

Compounding Record 

Standard Operating Procedures

Material Safety Data Sheets

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Master Formulation Record Name, strength, dosage of preparation

Calc. needed to  determine amount of components

Doses of active ingredients

Description of all ingredients + quantities

Compatibility and stability information (include reference if available)

Equipment needed to prepare the preparation

Container used in dispensing

Packaging and storage requirements

Description of final preparation

Quality control procedures and expected results

Mixing Instructions:• Order of mixing• Temp & other 

environmental controls• Duration of mixing• Other factors pertinent 

to the replication

Sample Labeling Info:• Generic name & quantity 

/concentration of active ingredient

• BUD• Storage• Prescription / control 

number

Compounding Record Components  Official or assigned name, strength, & dosage of preparation

Master Formulation Record reference

Names and quantities of all components

Sources, lot numbers, and expiration dates of components

Total quantity compounded

Name of the person who prepared the preparation, performed the quality control, approved preparation

Date of preparation

Control or prescription number

BUD

Duplicate label as described in the Master Formulation Record

Description of final preparation

Results of quality control procedures

Documentation of any quality control issues & any adverse reactions or preparation problems reported by patient or caregiver

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Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) All significant procedures performed in compounding area should be covered by written SOPs

Developed for facility, equipment, personnel, preparation, packing, storage 

Establishes procedural consistency 

Provides a reference for orientation and training

www.mlatc.edu

www.becomeapharmacist.net

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Readily accessible to all employees working with drug substances or bulk chemicals

Employees should be instructed on how to retrieve & interpret info

www.elmerdavis.comwww.123rf.com

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Hazardous Drugs

Stored, Prepared, Handled by trained personnel

References:  OSHA Technical Manual: Section VI: Chapter 2, controlling Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Drugs

NIOSH Alert: Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Health Care Settings (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2004‐165) and updates

USP <800>: Hazardous Drugs – Handling in a Health Care Setting (Published Feb 2016, Implementation date July 1st 2018)

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In 1990,  ASHP (American Society of Health System Pharmacists) defined a hazardous drug as having one of the following characteristics: Genotoxicity (i.e., mutagenicity and clastogenicity in short‐term test systems)

Carcinogenicity in animal models, in the patient population, or both, as reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

Teratogenicity or fertility impairment in animal studies or in treated patients

Evidence of serious organ or other toxicity at low doses in animal models or treated patients.

What are Hazardous Drugs?

The ASHP definition was later revised in 2004 by NIOSH (National Institute for Safety and Health) 

Drugs are now considered hazardous if they exhibit one or more of the following traits:

Carcinogenicity

Teratogenicity or other developmental toxicity

Reproductive toxicity

Organ toxicity at low doses

Genotoxicity

Structure and toxicity profiles of new drugs that mimic existing drugs determined hazardous by the above criteria

What are Hazardous Drugs?

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It is important that every facility create their own hazardous drug list

Each new drug that is purchased must be evaluated for entry into the list

A sample list has been provided with the 2004 NIOSH Alert

Hazardous Drugs List

AcitretinAldesleukinAlefaceptAlitretinoinAltretamineAmbrisentanAmsacrineAnastrozoleArsenic trioxideAsparaginaseAzacitidineAzathioprineBacillus Calmette‐GuerinBendamustine HClBexaroteneBicalutamideBleomycinBortezomibBosentanBusulfan

CabergolineCapecitabineCarbamazepineCarboplatinCarmustineCetrorelix acetateChlorambucilChloramphenicolChoriogonadotropin alfaCidofovirCisplatinCladribineClofarabineClonazepamColchicineCyclophosphamideCyclosporinCytarabineDacarbazineDactinomycinDasatinibDaunorubicin HCl

DecitibineDegarelixDenileukinDiethylstilbestrolDinoprostoneDocetaxelDoxorubicinDronedarone HClDutasterideEntecavirEpirubicinErgonovineEstradiolEstramustine phosphateEstrogen‐progestin combinationsEstrogens, conjugatedEstrogens, esterifiedEstroneEstropipateEtoposideEverolimusExemestaneFinasteride

NIOSH 2014 Hazardous Drug (HD) LIST

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FinasterideFloxuridineFludarabineFluorouracilFluoxymesteroneFlutamideFulvestrantGanciclovirGanirelix acetateGemcitabineGemtuzumab ozogamicinGonadotropin, chorionicGoserelinHydroxyureaIdarubicinIfosfamideImatinib mesylateIrinotecan HClIxabepiloneLeflunomideLenalidomideLetrozoleLeuprolide acetateLomustine

MechlorethamineMedroxyprogesterone acetateMegestrolMelphalanMenotropinsMercaptopurineMethotrexateMethyltestosteroneMifepristoneMitomycinMitotaneMitoxantrone HClMycophenolate mofetilMycophenolic acidNafarelinNelarabineNilotinibNilutamideOxaliplatinOxcarbazepineOxytocinPaclitaxelPalifermin

ParoxetinePazopanib HClPegaspargasePemetrexedPentamidine isethionatePentetate calcium trisodium††PentostatinPhenoxybenzamine HClPipobromanPlerixaforPodofiloxPodophyllum resinPralatrexateProcarbazineProgesteroneProgestinsRaloxifeneRasagiline mesylateRibavirinRisperidoneRomidepsinSirolimusSorafenibStreptozocinSunitinib malateTacrolimusTamoxifenTelevancinTemozolomide

NIOSH 2014 Hazardous Drug (HD) LIST

Hazardous drugs can enter the body through:

Inhalation

Injection

Ingestion

Dermal Absorption

Dermal contact and absorption is the primary route of exposure 

Always clean counters and wash hands

Always don gloves over the cuff of the gown

Routes of Exposure

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Gloves

Gowns

Eye and Face Protection

Masks

Sleeve, Hair, and Shoe Covers

Personal Protective Equipment

Standard Surgical

Meant to prevent the release of potential contaminants from the user into their immediate environment

Collection efficiency of filters can range from less than 10% to nearly 90% for different manufacturers Measured using the test 

parameters for NIOSH certification

Not oil resistant

Respirators are rated by oil resistance and particle protection: “N” if they are not resistant to 

oil “R” if somewhat resistant to oil “P” if strongly resistant (oil 

proof) 95, 99, or 100 rated depending 

on % particle collection

N‐95 Collects at least 95% of the 

challenge aerosol and is not oil resistant 

Mask

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USP <800>: Hazardous Drugs –Handling in Healthcare Settings

Purpose:  Establish concise guidelines for the handling of hazardous drugs.  

Expands on the existing guidelines from USP <795> and <797>

Removal of low volume limit 

Key Element = Containment of Hazardous Drugs

http://www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/Topics/AtoZ/HazardousDrugs/images/HazDrugsDrugs.jpg

USP <800> : What Will Be Required All Hazardous Drug compounding shall be performed in a separate area designated for hazardous drug compounding

Hazardous Drug compounding shall be performed in a negative pressure room with at least 12 air changes per hour for non‐sterile compounding

Hazardous Drug Storage shall be: Stored in a negative pressure room with at least 12 air changes per hour

Labeled as hazardous

Stored separately from other inventory

Stored at or below eye level

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USP <800> : What Will Be Required Appropriate personnel protective equipment (PPE)

Gloves: 2 pairs

Tested to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard for HD Permeability

Powder Free

Gowns: 

Disposable gowns that have been tested to resist Hazardous Drug permeability

Shall close in the back (no open front)

Have long sleeves, and closed cuffs that are elastic or knit

USP <800> : What Will Be Required Appropriate personnel protective equipment (PPE)

Masks:

Minimum of N‐95 mask while handling hazardous drugs

P‐100 mask while unpacking hazardous drugs not contained in plastic

Shoe Covers:

2 pairs

Note:  All reusable PPE must be decontaminated and cleaned after use

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Hazardous DrugsTrue or False: Every new drug purchased by a facility must be evaluated for entry into their Hazardous Drug List.

A) True

B) False

Hazardous DrugsWhich of the following chemicals do not belong on your Hazardous Drug List

A)  Clonazepam

B) Ketamine

C) Estriol

D) Paroxetine HCl

E) Sirolimus

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Hazardous DrugsThe “N‐95” for a N‐95 respirator or surgical mask stands for

A) Oil resistant and collects 95% of particles

B) Not oil resistant and collects 95% of particles

C) Not oil resistant and collects 99% of particles

D) Oil resistant and collects 99% of particles

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Take 5 minutes now to evaluate your goals and plan initial actions

Before we proceed…

References

<795> Pharmaceutical Compounding‐ NonsterilePreparations. United States Pharmacopeia. (2014); 6830‐6838.

NIOSH [2004]. NIOSH Alert: preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in health care settings. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute NIOSH ALERT 2014

USP <800> Hazardous Drugs – Handling in Healthcare Setting