non-timber forest products: contribution to national economy and sustainable use in the congo basin
DESCRIPTION
CIFOR scientist Robert Nasi gave this presentation on 10 October 2012 during the 11th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP11).TRANSCRIPT
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Non‐TimberForestProducts:contributiontonationaleconomyandsustainableuseintheCongoBasin
RobertNasiJRC‐CIFORSideEvent
CBDCOP11,Hyderabad,India,10/10/2012
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Forestsaremorethantimber
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Forest Good orService (in discounted
US$/ha or inUS$/ha/yr)
General(Pearce &
Pearce 2001)
Cameroon(Lescuyer
2007)
Gabon(National Park)
(Lescuyer2006)
Cameroon(community
forests)(Akoa Akoa,
2007)
Timber 200‐4,400 560 98 25‐78
Fuelwood 40 61Not
assessed165
NTFPs 0‐100 41‐70 3 172
Geneticresources 0‐3,000 7 1< Notassessed
Recreation 2‐470 19 4 34
Watershedbenefits
15‐850 54‐270 0 998
Climatebenefits 360‐2,200 842‐2,265 211 632
Optionvalues 2‐12 3Not
assessedNotassessed
Non‐usevalues 4,400 19‐32 24 Notassessed
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Whatistheimportanceofnon‐timberforestproductsforthelivelihoodsoftheCongoBasinpeopleandfortheenvironment?
Isthelevelofusesustainable?
Canwemanage?
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Non-wood forestproducts
•Chap.7:Non‐timberforestproducts:contributiontonationaleconomyandstrategiesforsustainablemanagement(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_7.pdf
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PriorityNTFPS(trade
&/orconsumption)
Regional
priority
Countries
EqGuinea Congo DRC Cameroon CAR Gabon
Bushmeat
6 countries
√ √ √ √ √ √
Fuelwood- - √ √ √ √
Colaacuminata&C.Nítida√ √ √ √ √ √
Gnetumspp
5 countries
√ √ √ √ √
Rattans√ √ √ √ √
Darcyodesedulis √ √ √ √ √
Elaeisguineensis √ √ √ √ √
Raphiaspp. √ √ √ √ √
Snails,larvae&insects √ √ √ √ √
Piperguineensis
4 countries
√ √ √ √
Aframomumspp. √ √ √ √
Irvingiaspp.√ √ √ √
Prunusafricana
3 countries
√ √ √
Marantaceae √ √ √
Rauwolfiavomitoria√ √ √
Baillonellatoxisperma√ √ √
Coulaedulis √ √ √
Mushrooms √ √ √
Honey √ √ √
Garciniakola √ √ √ √
Ricinodendronheudelotii
2 countries
√ √
Garcinialucida √ √
Dioscorealiebrechtsiana √ √
Alstoniaboonei √ √ √
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Wood energy:fuelwood and
charcoal
•Chap.5:ContributionofwoodfueltomeettheenergyneedsofthepopulationofCentralAfrica:prospectsforsustainablemanagementofavailableresources(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_5.pdf)
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Fuelwoodandcharcoalrepresent90%ofallwoodremovalfromforestsinAfrica(FAO,2011)
Schureetal.2011
WoodforenergytradedinKinshasaandKisanganivs.officialtimberproduction
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Bushmeat
•Chap.6:TheroleofwildlifeforfoodsecurityinCentralAfrica:athreattobiodiversity?(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_6.pdf)
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THINKING beyond the canopy
• TheestimatedvalueofbushmeattraderangesfromUS$42toUS$205millionperyearinWest‐CentralAfrica.
• 30to80%oftheproteinintakeofmanyruralpopulationswithfewexistingalternatives
BushmeathuntinginCongoBasin
(Nasi et al., 2011)
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Bushmeat
BasinDenseForest(km2)
Population (x1000) Consumption(tonne/meat/yr)
Extracted(t/yr)Rural Urban Rural Urban
Amazon3,938,000 14,425 24,352 909,000 small 1,299,000
Congo1,612,000 57,046 41,199 2,909,000 289,000 4,569,000
Nasi,VanVliet,Taber2011
IfbushmeatconsumptionintheCongoBasinwastobereplacedbylocallyproducedbeef,anareaaslargeas25millionhectaresmighthavetobeconvertedtopastures.
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Common managementissues
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Factorsaffectingsustainability
• Natureoftheresource
• Informalnatureofthevaluechains
• Lackofknowledgeandrecognitionofthesector
• Inappropriatepoliciesandgovernance
• Demography,povertyandhunger
• Increasedcommercialization
• Loggingandotherresourceextractionactivities
• Fragmentationandland‐usechanges
• Agriculturalsectorexpansion
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Main Barriers Specific solutions
Bad governance, influence ofelites and corruption
Sensitization at the level of elites
Strengthen local governance
Strengthen law enforcement capacity
Lack of motivation fromsmall or economically
unstable logging companies
Create incentives to encourage the privatesector to engage in taking NTFP into accountStrengthen technical capacities at the level of
national services and the private sectorUnclear definition of
responsabilities amongstakeholders
Clarify and formalize roles andresponsabilities
Barriers and solutions
( modified from TRAFFIC workshop, Libreville, June 2010)
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Main barriers Specific solutions
Additional costs areincurred to consider NTFP in
management
Allocation of a specific budget for wildlifeisssues
Logging revenues (taxes etc.) should also beallocated to support management efforts
Partnerships among stakeholders are crucial
External funding is needed
High demand of bushmeatfrom external urban areas
and little control/knowledgeabout the market chain
Sensitization of urban consumers
Better knowledge of the market chain
Lack of largely validatedscientific methods and
protocols to monitor NTFP
Develop research and coordinate thevalidation of monitoring methods
Barriers and solutions
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Gender issues
• NTFPplayadisproportionatelyimportantroleinthelivelihoodsandwell‐beingofwomen(andchildren)
• Thecollectionoffuelwoodorotherwildproductsisoftenataskforwomenandchildren
• Womenplayanimportantroleinthedifferentvaluechainsoftheseproductsandderivecrucialincomefromthesales
• Womengenerallyinvestbacktheirincomeintohouseholdfoodandwellbeing;menmoreintononessentialgoods
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LesforêtsdubassinduCongo‐EtatdesForêts2010.
TheForestsoftheCongoBasin–StateoftheForests2010.(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/index.php)
Eds:deWasseigeC.,deMarckenP.,BayolN.,HiolHiolF.,MayauxPh.,DescléeB.,NasiR.,BillandA.,DefournyPetEba’aR.
Pictures:CIFOR,R.Nasi,N.VanVliet,J.OkouyiOkouyi,C.Doumenge,D.Wilkie,E.Mvula,J.M.Kahindo,T.Kilensele