NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

NOTES

What is communication?

Definition

Types:

Verbal communicationNonverbal

communication

Non verbal communication

• Communication by means of elements and behaviours that are not coded into words.

• Used to express superiority, dependence, dislike, respect, love, and other feelings.

• Less structured so difficult to study

• Vary from culture to culture or gender.

Importance of non verbal communication

According to research conducted by Albert Mehrabian it is shown that when someone has given a spoken message, only 7% of the listener understanding and judgment of the message comes from the words themselves, 38% from the way the message was spoken (accent, tone, inflection etc.) and 55% from the speaker body language (facial expressions, eye contact etc.)

Why do we study nonverbal communication?

• Nonverbal messages communicate emotions.

• Nonverbal messages are seen as more reliable.

• Is strongly related to verbal communication.

Types Of Non-Verbal Communication

• Kinesics

•Proxemics

•Chronemics

•Haptics

•Appearances

•Facial Expression

•Voice

Kinesics

Gestures

Postures

Proxemics

• People often refer to their need for “personal space,” which is also an important type of nonverbal communication.

• The personal distance needed when speaking to a crowd of people is around 10 to 12 feet.

Chronemics• Chronemics is the study of use of

time in non verbal communication.

Haptics• This involves the use of touch to impart meaning as in a

handshake, a pat on the back, an arm around the shoulder, a kiss, or a hug.

• Touch can communicate many different things, such as affection, playfulness, decisiveness, assurance and urgency, to name just a few.

• There are four universally recognized aspects of touching, all of which communicate varying emotions and intentions.

• The first is the professional touch, used, for example, by businesspeople.

• The second is the social/polite touch, used by acquaintances

• The third is the friendly touch, which could be used by close friends or close businesspeople and colleagues

• The fourth and most intense touch is known as intimate touch, which is usually reserved for couples expressing love and affection

Appearance

• Appearance has important implications as a non verbal communication.

• Includes;• clothing, hairstyle, overall cleanliness,

cosmetics, – all transmit messages.

• A person’s physical appearance can affect the impression others receive of his/her credibility, trustworthiness, competence, judgment or status

Facial Expressions

• One’s facial area (eyes, eye brows, forehead, mouth, and chin) is more capable of communicating nonverbally than any other part of the human body.

• Sends messages about one’s happiness, sadness, anger, frustration, disgust, fear, or

surprise.

• In fact, we generally do not have to ask people if

they are happy or sad – their faces reveal their present emotional state

VOICE

• The meaning of words can be altered significantly by changing the tone of one's voice.

• Voice mannerism also communicates messages about the sender’s emotional state;

• Excitement is communicated by a high-pitched voice and rapid rate of speaking.

• Messages communicated in anger are often accompanied by a loud speaking voice

• Seriousness and sadness are communicated by a low pitched voice

• Pauses may indicate uncertainty on the part of the sender

Problems of studying nonverbal communication

• Nonverbal cues can be ambiguous

• Nonverbal cues are continuous

• Nonverbal cues are multi-channel

• Nonverbal cues are culture-bound

US Presidents visit to China

Chinese President’s visit to the US

Case Study: A shoulder shrug

• The Expression of Emotion Through Nonverbal Behavior in Medical Visits - Richard Frankel

• What patients don't say can be just as important as what they do.

• Mutual influence of patients on physicians and physicians on patients.

• Inferences

Survey: Most Patients Want To Shake Hands With Their

Physicians• Gregory Makoul - Archives of Internal

Medicine • The survey found that, among patients:

78.1 percent wanted physicians to shake their hands

50.4 percent wanted their first names used during greetings, 17.3 percent preferred their last name and 23.6 percent favored the physician using both first and last names

• Inferences

CONCLUSION