nonlinear regression: untransformed data
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Nonlinear Regression: Untransformed Data
http://nm.MathForCollege.comTransforming Numerical Methods Education for STEM Undergraduates
Nonlinear Regression
π¦ πππ¦ ππ₯
π¦ππ₯π π₯
Some popular nonlinear regression models:
1. Exponential model:
2. Power model:
3. Saturation growth model:
4. Polynomial model: π¦ π0 π1π₯ . . . πππ₯
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Nonlinear Regression
Given n data points (x1,y1), β¦β¦ (xn,yn), best fit π¦ π π₯
to the data, where π π₯ is a nonlinear function of π₯
Figure. Nonlinear regression model for discrete y vs. x data
π¦ π π₯
π₯ , π¦
π₯ , π¦
π₯ ,π¦
π₯ , π¦π¦ π π₯
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Exponential Model
π₯ , π¦ , π₯ , π¦ , ... , π₯ ,π¦Given best fit π¦ ππ to the data.
Figure. Exponential model of nonlinear regression for y vs. x data
π¦ ππ
π₯ , π¦
π₯ ,π¦
π₯ ,π¦
π₯ ,π¦ π¦ ππ
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Finding Constants of Exponential Model
ππ π¦ ππ
The sum of the square of the residuals is defined as
Differentiate with respect to a and b
ππππ 2 π¦ ππ π 0
ππππ 2 π¦ ππ ππ₯ π 0
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Finding Constants of Exponential Model
Rewriting the equations, we obtain
π¦ π π π 0
π¦ π₯ π π π₯ π 0
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Finding constants of Exponential Model
π¦ π₯ πβ π¦ πβ π π₯ π 0
πβ π¦ πβ π
Solving the first equation for a yields
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π¦ π₯ π π π₯ π 0
Example 1-Exponential Model
t(hrs) 0 1 3 5 7 91.000 0.891 0.708 0.562 0.447 0.355
Many patients get concerned when a test involves injection of a radioactive material. For example for scanning a gallbladder, a few drops of Technetium-99m isotope is used. Half of the Technetium-99m would be gone in about 6 hours. It, however, takes about 24 hours for the radiation levels to reach what we are exposed to in day-to-day activities. Below is given the relative intensity of radiation as a function of time.
Table. Relative intensity of radiation as a function of time.
πΎ
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Example 1-Exponential Model cont.
Find: a) The value of the regression constants π΄ πandb) The half-life of Technetium-99mc) Radiation intensity after 24 hours
The relative intensity is related to time by the equationπΎ π΄π
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Plot of data
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Constants of the Model
The value of Ξ» is found by solving the nonlinear equation
π π πΎ π‘ πβ πΎ πβ π
π‘ π 0
π΄β πΎ πβ π
πΎ π΄π
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Plotting the Equation in MATLAB
t (hrs) 0 1 3 5 7 9Ξ³ 1.000 0.891 0.708 0.562 0.447 0.355
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Setting up the Equation in MATLAB
t=[0 1 3 5 7 9]gamma=[1 0.891 0.708 0.562 0.447 0.355]syms lamdasum1=sum(gamma.*t.*exp(lamda*t));sum2=sum(gamma.*exp(lamda*t));sum3=sum(exp(2*lamda*t));sum4=sum(t.*exp(2*lamda*t));f=sum1-sum2/sum3*sum4;
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Calculating the Other Constant
The value of A can now be calculated
π΄β πΎ πβ π
0.9998
The exponential regression model then isπΎ 0.9998 π .
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Plot of data and regression curve
.
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Relative Intensity After 24 hrs
The relative intensity of radiation after 24 hours πΎ 0.9998 π .
6.3160 10
This result implies that only6.316 10
0.9998 100 6.317%
radioactive intensity is left after 24 hours.
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Homework
β’ What is the half-life of Technetium-99m isotope?
β’ Write a program in the language of your choice to find the constants of the model.
β’ Compare the constants of this regression model with the one where the data is transformed.
β’ What if the model was
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πΎ π