nonpoint source management and control 130.6(c)(4)€¦ · (please note that ground water aquifers...

NONPOINT SOURCE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 130.6(c)(4)

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Area(s) Addressed WQM Plan Content Comments

All Nonpoint source water quality problems affect every river basin in theState to various degrees depending upon the land uses and activities,soil conditions, hydrology and geology of the area. The nature andseverity of the water quality problems are unique to each watershed.Both designated and non-designated area WQM plans describenonpoint source problems for their areas.

The range of nonpoint source problems in the non-designated area iscontained in the WQMP for each river basin. Critical Area Reports andtheir successor, Watershed Planning Profiles, identify specific landuses, physical characteristics and analyze water quality data. Includedin these profiles are nonpoint source management and controlrecommendations.

Clean Water Act Section 319 funded projects are also included in thisupdate and described below.

Ohio's WQMP is intended to be a framework for nonpoint sourcepollution control. Ohio's WQMP contains a five part approach tononpoint source control and management: develop Statewidecoordination and cooperation among actors; target planning andimplementation at the watershed level; provide watershed profiles toidentify sources and implementation needs; educate professionals aswell as land owners about the problems of nonpoint source pollutionand techniques for managing the problems; and monitor Ohio's streams.lakes and ground water resources to identify critical areas and trackprogress in controlling nonpoint sources.

Statewide nonpoint source management and control issues areaddressed in specialized nonpoint source reports. Brine Disposal FromOil and Gas Production in Ohio identified those portions of the Statewhere contamination/spills reports have been filed as well as geologicalformations where problems are most likely to occur. The Reportassesses management issues related to brine problems. (1982) Controlof Water Pollution From Construction Activities discusses the relativeimportance of construction site erosion as a nonpoint source waterquality issue in Ohio. (1984) The Model On-Site Sewage DisposalManagement Program for the State of Ohio reviews current regulatoryand administrative framework for installation, operation and inspectionof on-site sewage disposal systems and makes recommendationsregarding needed legal, financial and administrative actions. (1984) Ascreening procedure which identifies areas potentially unsuitable foron-site systems is described in PEMSO: The On-Site ScreeningProcedure Report. (1984)

Statewide strategies have been developed to coordinate the activities ofthe many governmental and private entities involved in control andmanagement of nonpoint source problems. In 1986, a nonpoint sourceproject review group was established to share information andcoordinate implementation activities.


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Nonpoint Source Water Quality Problem Areas in Ohio (PAL) was firstprepared in 1981 for agricultural problems. The list identifies themajor drainage basin, watershed and county(s) in which the problemarea is located. The current list contains agricultural affectedwatersheds, abandoned coal mine affected watersheds and potentialbrine affected watersheds. (1985)

The Ohio Agricultural Pollution Abatement Strategy identifies themajor agricultural nonpoint source water quality issues for Ohio.Recommendations directed at local, State and federal agencies arepresented which, if implemented, will result in improved managementand control of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in Ohio. (1984)Ohio's Soil and Water Conservation Districts: How They Can FulfillAgricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Responsibilities at theLocal Level further assesses Ohio's institutional and programcapabilities for agricultural nonpoint source management. The reportidentifies the resource needs of this important group of local nonpointsource management agencies. (1985)

The purpose of the State of Ohio Phosphorus Reduction Strategy forLake Erie (1985) and its update (1989) is to quantify phosphorusloadings into Lake Erie from Ohio, and to identify the mechanismswhich, if implemented, would reduce phosphorus inputs to the Lake.Both point and nonpoint sources of phosphorus are addressed, some forthe first time from a phosphorus control perspective. It outlines thebeginning steps needed to achieve Ohio's target reduction of 1365 MT.Ohio's Phosphorus Reduction Strategy will be put into effect in stagesover a period of years, incorporating water quality monitoring andvarious types of evaluation techniques to track progress. Over the longterm, improvement in the chemical and biological health of the Lakeand its tributaries will be monitored. Anticipated costs of the controlprogram and the entities responsible for implementing each aspect alsoare identified.

In 1985, based on the recommendations of the states provinces, theInternational Joint Commission (IJC) identified forty-two Areas ofConcern (AOC) in the Great Lakes basin. An AOC is an area wherewater uses are impaired or where objectives of the Great Lakes Water


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Quality Agreement or local environmental standards are not beingachieved. Four AOCs are located in Ohio: Ashtabula, Cuyahoga,Black and Maumee rivers. The Stage I reports for the Maumee and theAshtabula AOCs are described in their individual basins below.Technical advisory committee activities are described in element130.6(c)(5): Management Agencies for all four AOCs.

Nonpoint Source Education Demonstration Project Evaluation Report(1981-1987) This report contains an overview of nonpoint sourcepollution abatement projects conducted from 1981 through 1987 forwhich Ohio EPA coordinated federal funding assistance. A total of 33nonpoint source projects were fully or partially funded by Ohio EPAusing $250,000 of federal funds. The projects were designed toincrease awareness of nonpoint source pollution and landowneradoption of pollution control practices as well as increasing cooperationbetween local, state and federal agencies. The activities funded and theresults accomplished by these projects show that significantimplementation of best management practices can be encouraged andcoordinated at relatively low funding levels.

Nonpoint source water quality monitoring is a major program need. Toaddress that need, a nonpoint source water quality monitoring taskforce was formed and made recommendations to Ohio EPA in 1987.Further, a survey of public and private entities performing nonpointsource monitoring was conducted and a report on findings prepared.This effort was expanded upon in the preparation of the Ohio NonpointSource Assessment. (1988) The Assessment was prepared in responseto the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act. This is the firstcomprehensive effort to assess the water quality effects of nonpointpollution within Ohio. The Assessment helps State and local agenciesallocate and manage funds more effectively.

The 1990 update of the Assessment was changed in format as a resultof suggestions received during the public hearing on the 1988Assessment. The initial Assessment was prepared to provide acomprehensive Statewide assessment of streams, lakes and groundwater areas affected or threatened by nonpoint sources of pollutionutilizing all the available data. Given the magnitude of these water

In order to target implementation resources to critical areas of nonpointsource pollution, the Ohio Nonpoint Source Assessment and OhioNonpoint Source Management Program will be refined and updated.Future updates will include incorporation of data and recommendationsfrom the updates of the State of Ohio Phosphorus Reduction Strategyfor Lake Erie, and other strategies and reports. The approval of theAssessment and Management Program by U.S. EPA has permitteddevelopment of the CWA Section 319 funds application which willspeed up nonpoint source implementation activities.


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resources in Ohio, and the significant data base accumulated, the initialAssessment was too voluminous and difficult for entities to use at thelocal level. To make the Assessment easier to use when evaluatinglocal situations, it has been reorganized into five regional assessmentdocuments. The regional documents are complete within themselvesand provide an easier and quicker reference to streams and lakes withinspecific drainage basins and to ground water contamination incidents.(Please note that ground water aquifers can span regional boundaries.)Additional graphics and data analyses have also been added to enhancedata comparison and evaluation.

In response to the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act, the OhioNonpoint Source Management Program document was prepared in1988 and approved by U.S. EPA in December 1989. The documentwas updated in late 1992 and submitted to U.S. EPA in December.This document identifies the best management practices (BMPs) andmeasures which will be used to achieve the implementation of BMPsand develops a schedule for BMP implementation.

Strengthening Ohio's Agricultural Pollution Abatement Legislation andControl Problem program addresses the significant changes proposedfor Ohio's agricultural pollution control law. These changes, whenenacted, will require a protracted rule development and publicparticipation process, and training of state and Soil and WaterConservation Service staff. This project will help ODNR carry out andinstitutionalize these changes. This CWA Section 319 funded programis administered by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Divisionof Soil and Water Conservation (ODNR-DSWC)(1990).

The program Making Manure and Nutrient Management Workprovides an education, training and data management component tocarry ODNR's newly established Manure and Nutrient ManagementProgram. This CWA Section 319 funded program is administered byODNR-DSWC (1990).

The Bulk Fertilizer Regulations program prepares a study of theadditional costs involved for fertilizer licensees to implement new bulkfertilizer regulations. The agricultural engineer which would be hired


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would approve sites for existing and new fertilizer installations andensure compliance with storing and handling regulations. This CWASection 319 funded program is administered by the Ohio Departmentof Agriculture (ODA)(1990).

The Nonpoint Source Education in Targeted Watersheds projectallowed SWCDs and other entities to carry out educational programsor demonstrations within watersheds or streams targeted by theNonpoint Source Assessment. Few, if any, of these watersheds haveany active nonpoint source pollution related projects. A NPSnewsletter will be prepared and distributed to disseminate informationand progress. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administeredby Ohio EPA DWQPA (1990).

The Volunteer Lakes Education and Training Program focus will be totrain citizen volunteers about pollution sources and prevention of lakepollution and the use of Secchi disks. A statewide volunteer lake database will be compiled from this information. The data base will haveseveral purposes, including forming the basis for the eventualinstitutionalization of lake districts in Ohio. This CWA Section 319funded program is administered by the Ohio Lake Management Society(1990).

The hiring of a Water Quality Specialist at the Ohio CooperativeExtension Service (OCES), will provide the OCES component toimplement the Ohio Nonpoint Source Management Program.Technical recommendations and educational and training materials willbe developed to supplement technical assistance programs and bestmanagement practice implementation. The hiring of the Water QualitySpecialist is funded through a CWA Section 319 grant (1990).

The Implementation of Oilfield Waste Initiatives in Ohio GroundWater Protection and Management Strategy project will involve thepreparation and distribution of guidance for local officials concerningbrine spreading for dust and ice control. This CWA Section 319funded project is administered by the ODNR Division of Oil and Gas(1990).


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The Intergrated Urban Water Quality Management project willcoordinate all the urban water quality problems with similar solutionsstatewide. Assist local units of government to institutionalizeconstruction site erosion control, storm water quantity management,and urban runoff quality control, and provide information, training, andtechnical assistance utilizing the resources of state, areawide and localagencies. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by theODNR Division of Soil and Water Conservation (1990).

Buffer Strip Fact Sheets are being prepared and distributed to educatelandowners about streamside buffer strips. Three fact sheets will beproduced on planning and using buffer strips. A workshop on how touse this material will be organized and held. Fact sheet titles willinclude:

1. Restoring streambanks with vegetation,2. Economics of filter strips,3. Trees for ditches.

This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by the ODNRDivision of Soil and Water Conservation (1990).

Water Quality Specialist: Ohio Department of Agriculture. Hire anagricultural specialist to implement parts of the Ohio Nonpoint SourceManagement Program. The specialist will make technical and programrecommendations to all agricultural nonpoint source projects. ThisCWA Section 319 funded position is administered by the OhioDepartment of Agriculture (1990).

The Accelerating Awareness and Use of Prescription Farming programwill expand awareness, understanding and use of prescription farmingtechniques and advantages to complement the ODNR/Ohio EPAphosphorus reduction program in Lake Erie and agricultural pollutioncontrol efforts elsewhere in Ohio. This CWA Section 319 fundedprogram is administered by ODNR Division of Soil and WaterConservation (1991).

In the Non-Agricultural Phosphorus Reduction in the Lake Erie Basin


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program, implementation projects will be developed to address urbansources of phosphorus, including sources such as construction siteerosion, on-site sewage and storm water. As a result of this program,phosphorus loading to Lake Erie will be reduced. This CWA Section319 funded program is administered by the Ohio EPA DWQPA (1991).

The Clean Lakes Program (CLP) was started in 1976 through Section314 of the Clean Water Act, to provide financial assistance to the Statesfor the restoration and protection of our nations lakes. The programprovided grant funds for Phase I Diagnostic-Feasibility studies todetermine the causes for restoration and/or protection of the lake.Additional grants, Phase II Implementation studies, would provide thefinancial assistance to implement the selected alternatives to achievelake restoration and/or protection. The three Phase I Diagnostic-Feasibility studies completed in Ohio are described in the appropriatebasins below. One Phase I study is still in progress and is described inthe comment section in the appropriate basin.

The functions of the Technical Advisory Committees for these studiesare described in elements 130.6(c)(5): Management Agencies.

Ashtabula/Grand Primary nonpoint source problems identified in the basin includeagriculture, on-site systems and brine disposal. Further information forthis element can be found in the EDATA WQMP.

The Ashtabula River Remedial Action Plan Stage I InvestigationReport (RAP) (1992) focuses on the lower two miles of the AshtabulaRiver, Ashtabula Harbor and the adjacent Lake Erie nearshore,considering the Fields Brook Superfund investigation and cleanup asa complementary project. The RAP is intended to be used as aguidance document for cleanup of the Ashtabula River AOC. It is toserve as an important step toward virtual elimination of persistent toxicsubstances and toward restoring and maintaining the chemical, physicaland biological integrity of the Great Lakes Basin ecosystem. Theresulting recommendations will draw largely on the existing frameworkof institutional programs, but new rules, regulations and legislation mayalso be identified and recommended.


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Black River Basin The Black River Basin Remedial Action Plan Implementation projectwill provide technical assistance to landowners in applyingconservation practices and implement an equipment buy-down programfor cost-sharing on the purchase of conservation tillage equipment.This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by the OhioEPA DWQPA (1991).

Central Ohio RiverTributaries

Primary nonpoint source problems identified in the basin includeagriculture, on-site systems, brine disposal and mine drainage.Analysis of mine drainage and mine waste disposal problems iscontained in the WQMP. (1980) Recommendations for managementand control of these problems including identification of BMPs areincluded in the Plan.

Cuyahoga River Basin The Cuyahoga River Remedial Action Plan Nonpoint Source Educationproject will develop education materials dealing with NPS pollutionassociated with the Cuyahoga River that impact the Area of Concern.Workshops will be conducted for education and to aid input intoevaluation of remedial measures for the Remedial Action Plan, PhaseI. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by theCuyahoga River Community Development Organization (1990).

Great Miami Primary nonpoint source problems in the basin include agriculture, on-site systems, animal waste and urban storm water runoff. WatershedPlanning Profile for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control: Buck CreekAgricultural Demonstration Project, Champaign County, Ohio (1985),and Watershed Profile for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control: UpperMad River; Champaign and Logan Counties, Ohio (1989) containnonpoint source problem area identification, evaluation of bestmanagement practices and nonpoint source pollution controlrecommendations for the watersheds. In addition, the results of ademonstration project with the Champaign County Soil and WaterConservation District are presented in the Buck Creek Profile. TheUpper Mad River Profile documents the needs for this high qualitywater.

The 1987 report, Animal Feedlot Inventory and Assessment Report forDarke County, documents the magnitude of animal waste related to


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water quality problems and located individual feedlots. The UpperFour Mile Creek Watershed Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment,Preble County, Ohio (1988), examines nonpoint source contributionsto water quality degradation of surface and ground water.

The Indian Lake Implementation Project will focus on the hiring of aconservation technician to work with hydrologic unit personnel andagricultural producers to install best management practices. Thetechnician will implement a tax rebate program for agriculturalproducers implementing conservation plans. This CWA Section 319funded position is administered by Ohio EPA Division of WaterQuality Planning and Assessment (1990).

The Indian Lake Phase I Diagnostic/Feasibility Study was completedin 1990 with funding from a CWA Section 314 Clean Lakes Programgrant. The intent of this study was to quantify incoming loads to thelake, analyze lake and stream water quality and to examine alternativesto reduce the reliance on the dredging operations. Through thisanalysis a comprehensive feasibility plan has been developed.

The Upper Four Mile Creek Watershed: Agricultural Nonpoint SourcePollution Abatement project will promote the proper use ofagrichemicals through nutrient and pesticide management. It will alsopromote proper livestock watering techniques and protect soil fromerosion by promoting cover crops, conservation tillage, filter strips andother methods. It will also educate producers, staff and students aboutagricultural NPS pollution and water quality. Will monitor waterquality and assess project effectiveness. Will assist in PL-566 planimplementation. this CWA Section 319 project is administered by thePreble County SWCD (1990).

For further information on this element for the Great Miami RiverBasin see WQMP Content for Miami Valley Regional PlanningCommission (MVRPC) and Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana (OKI).

A Phase II Implementation Study is currently in progress for IndianLake. Restoration activities under this study include conservation andeducation efforts, as well as project specific programs such asestablishing a filter strip to reduce sediment loading, conservation taxincentives, and conservation equipment buy-downs.

Hocking Primary nonpoint source problems identified in the basin includeagriculture, on-site systems, brine disposal and mine drainage. An


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analysis of mine drainage and mine waste disposal problems iscontained in the WQMP (1980). A spaghnum moss bog project wascarried out to demonstrate low cost biological treatment of minedrainage. Recommendations for management and control of theseproblems, including identification of BMPs also are included in thePlan. Identification of potential on-site system problem areas for theHocking River basin is contained in PEMSO: The On-Site SystemScreening Procedure Report (1984). Watershed Planning Profile forNonpoint Source Pollution Control: Upper Rush Creek, Perry County,Ohio (1985), contains an assessment of nonpoint source pollutionproblems and recommendations for nonpoint source management andcontrol. Small Community Planning Profile for AppropriateWastewater Treatment Technology, Village of Amanda, FairfieldCounty, Ohio (1985), contains an assessment of the on-site systemproblems and alternatives for meeting wastewater treatment needs.

In the Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Using Wetland Technologyproject, a wetland will be constructed to intercept acid mine drainageand monitor the effectiveness of the wetland system, including thechemical, microbiotic and macrobiotic components. The final reportwill include a comparison with other Ohio constructed wetlands. ThisCWA Section 319 funded project is administered by the ODNRDivision of Reclamation (1990).

Huron/Vermilion Primary nonpoint source problems identified in the WQMP (1980) forthe basin include agriculture and on-site systems. TheResiduals/Ground Water Project Report (1984) assesses the waterquality effects of landfills in Huron County. The State of OhioPhosphorus Reduction Strategy for Lake Erie (1985) and its update(1989) contain phosphorus loading estimates and recommendations forphosphorus reduction for watersheds in Huron/Vermilion River basins.The focus is on load reduction from agricultural sources.

Watershed Profile for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control - UpperVermilion River; Ashland, Huron, and Richland Counties (1990). Thiswatershed profile provides documentation on nonpoint source pollutionin the upper Vermilion River. Water quality monitoring, soil sampling,and land use surveys were used to evaluate potential pollution sources

Agricultural controls are especially critical in this basin due to the needto reduce total phosphorus loading to Lake Erie.


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and water quality impacts. The report contains recommendations forbest management practices to be used in addressing the identifiedpollution problems as well as recommendations on prioritizing areas forfunding and pollution abatement efforts.

In the Upper Vermilion Watershed project a nutrient managementcomponent in the Upper Vermilion River watershed will beimplemented. Soil and manure samples will be taken and analyzed andused to prepare and implement nutrient management plans. A limitedmonitoring program will document changes in water quality. ThisCWA Section 319 funded project is administered by the Ohio StateUniversity Research Foundation (1990).

The Impact of BMPs on Surface Runoff and Ground Water in aSolutioned Limestone Area of Ohio project will examine BestManagement Practices to be implemented in an area of solutionedlimestone to assess impacts on surface and ground water quality.Sampling of wells and surface water on a seasonal and storm eventbasis around a sinkhole will be compared to a control area. Data willbe analyzed for hydrologic relationships and BMP impacts.Comparisons to DRASTIC data will be made. This CWA Section 319funded project is administered by ODNR Division of Water (1990).

Lake Erie Enhancing Phosphorus Reduction Efforts From Agriculture in theCentral and East Lake Erie Basin (1990). Through the development oflocal phosphorus reduction committee, localized agricultural andcontrol strategies, nutrient management plans based on the principlesof prescription farming, increased acreage in fall cover, and alteredcropping practices, the phosphorus load to Lake Erie from the centraland eastern Lake Erie drainage basin will be reduced. This CWASection 319 funded project is administered by the ODNR Division ofSoil and Water Conservation.

Little Beaver Primary nonpoint source problems in the basin included brine disposaland mine drainage as identified in the WQMP (1980).

Little Miami/SouthwestOhio River Tributaries

Primary nonpoint source problems in the basins include agriculture andanimal wastes as identified in the WQMP (1980). Critical area


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demonstration projects were established with SWCDs in Cowan-DutchCreeks and Caesar Creek (mainstem and north branch). Activitiesincluded identification of problem areas and provision of technicalassistance for conservation techniques and animal waste management.The results of the demonstration projects as well as an assessment ofnonpoint source water quality problems for these watersheds arecontained in Cowan-Dutch Creeks Agricultural Critical Areas Project,Clinton County, Ohio (1984), and Caesar Creek Agricultural CriticalArea Project, Warren, Clinton and Green Counties, Ohio (1984). Thesereports contain nonpoint source management and controlrecommendations for the watersheds. A demonstration project wasconducted with the Adams County SWCD which focused on reducingerosion in the Ohio Brush Creek watershed. Watershed PlanningProfile for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control: Ohio Brush Creek,Adams County, Ohio (1985) contains an assessment of nonpoint sourceproblem areas, evaluation of the demonstration project results andrecommendations for nonpoint source management and control for thewatershed. Further information for this element can be found in theEDATA WQMP.

The Upper East Fork, Little Miami River project will acceleratetechnical assistance and educational activities to improve on-sitewastewater treatment and accelerate application of conservation tillage,cover crops, grassed waterways, nutrient management, filter strips, andother BMPs to reduce sediment and nutrient loading in the Upper EastFork. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by theBrown, Clinton and Highland Counties SWCDs (1991).

Maumee/Portage Primary nonpoint source problems in the river basins are agriculture(phosphorus), on-site systems and urban storm water. Analysis ofagricultural and on-site problems is contained in the WQMP. (1980)A detailed prioritization and evaluation was prepared for watersheds inWilliams, Fulton, Defiance, Henry and Paulding counties. Existingconditions and technical alternatives were identified and discussed inWQMP. Control measures for agricultural runoff and on-site systemswere presented in WQMP (1980). The State of Ohio PhosphorusReduction Strategy for Lake Erie update (1989) contains phosphorus

Agricultural controls are especially critical in this basin due to the needto reduce total phosphorus loading into Lake Erie pursuant to the Stateof Ohio Phosphorus Reduction Strategy for Lake Erie.


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loading estimates and recommendations for phosphorus reduction forwatersheds in Maumee/Portage River basin.

Heavy metals and organic chemical sediment contamination has led tothe Lower Maumee River being classified as an Area of Concern(Great Lakes Water Quality Board, 1985). The Lower Maumee RiverRemedial Action Plan Stage I: Investigation Report was completed in1992 and is organized to first discuss the environmental setting, and theexisting beneficial uses including current water biological and sedimentquality data. It also describes intensive or short-term monitoringsurveys which have occurred in the RAP area along with an analysis ofthe water biological and sediment quality data.

This report also describes water pollution sources within the RAP areaand the impacts of each of these sources on the beneficial uses. Theseinclude phosphorus sources, NPDES permitted wastewater dischargersfor the industrial and municipal sectors, package sewage treatmentplants, agricultural runoff, open water disposal of dredged materials,urban storm water, home sewage disposal, active and closedlandfills/dumpsites and pits, ponds and lagoons, and atmosphericdeposition related to acid rain. Maps in each source section indicatethe level of degradation in the individual, smaller watersheds within theAOC.

The Enhancing phosphorus reduction efforts in the Maumee RiverRemedial Action Plan Area of Concern program through thedevelopment of local phosphorus reduction committee, localizedagricultural phosphorus reduction goals and control strategies, nutrientmanagement plans based on the principles of prescription farming,increased acreage in fall cover, and altered cropping practices, thephosphorus load to Lake Erie from the Maumee River Remedial ActionPlan Area of Concern will be reduced. This CWA Section 319program is administered by the ODNR-DSWC (1990).

The Upper Tiffin Watershed Protection PL-566 project will treat higherosion areas (20,100 acres) and water quality areas (139,000 acres) toreduce off-site sediment and phosphorus transport. Soil ConservationService funding will provide financial assistance for practices to


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maintain cover and reduce erosion on basin cropland in the 215,000acre watershed. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administeredby the Soil Conservation Service (1990).

Upper Lost Creek - Tracking and Monitoring Effectiveness of USDABest Management Practices (1990). As the conservation complianceprovisions of the Food Security Act (FSA) are implemented, changesin USDA agricultural management practices applied in Lost CreekWatershed will be tracked and monitored to assess the effectiveness ofthe Food Security Act and the resulting water quality benefits.

This CWA Section 319 funded program is administered by theDefiance County SWCD (1990).

In the Ottawa County Agricultural Education and Implementationproject the Ottawa County SWCD will work with farmers to increasetheir knowledge and skill in using conservation practices. The ToledoMetropolitan Area Council of Governments will coordinate the project,and prepare reports to document the conservation improvementsaccomplished. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administeredby the Ottawa County SWCD (1990).

The Tracking Changes in Nonpoint Source Phosphorus Loads withFertility Management project will develop methodology and predictionmodels to evaluate the impacts of phosphorus reduction bestmanagement practices, including fertilizer input management. It willbe integrated with other Section 319 projects to evaluate the success ofthese projects in reducing phosphorus inputs to Lake Erie. This CWASection 319 funded project is administered by the Ohio StateUniversity Research Foundation (1990).

The Dog Creek Nonpoint Source Pollution Reduction Strategy projectwill implement a multifaceted approach to develop, demonstrate andinstall nonpoint source reduction practices. No-till farming, wetlanddevelopment, windbreak promotion and establishment, and vegetativeberms will be promoted to reduce agri-chemical, and sediment loads toimprove water quality. This CWA Section 319 funded project isadministered by the Van Wert County SWCD (1991).


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The Flat Creek Watershed Water Quality Improvement project willfocus on the reduction of sediment loading and delivery of pollutantsthrough conservation farming and demonstration, development ofmanure and nutrient management plans, promotion of ASCS/ACP costshare funds, water quality testing and intense educational efforts,increase acreage in fall cover, and improve management practices.This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by the PauldingCounty SWCD (1991).

In the Ottawa River/Swan Creek Urban Runoff Control project theToledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments (TMACOG) willwork with the Lucas County SWCD, Bowling Green State Universityand developers to demonstrate erosion control during construction ofa commercial site. Install and demonstrate oil adsorbent catch basin.Put construction site controls into use in both watersheds by providingtechnical assistance and cost sharing and hold seminars to educatedevelopers and engineers. This CWA Section 319 funded project isadministered by TMACOG (1991).

The Harrison Lake/Mill Creek Watershed Management project willprovide an accelerated and concentrated program of information andeducation, and installation of water quality projects in the Mill Creekwatershed. Develop a volunteer oriented long-term lake water qualitymonitoring program. This CWA Section 319 funded project isadministered by the Fulton County SWCD (1991).

The Maumee River Basin Remedial Action Plan Implementationproject will provide technical assistance to landowners in applyingconservation practices and implement an equipment buy-down programfor cost-sharing on the purchase of conservation tillage equipment.Conduct a livestock waste evaluation program in Fulton and Putnamcounties. Provide technical assistance to landowners in applyingconservation practices. This CWA Section 319 funded project isadministered by the Ohio EPA DWQPA (1991).

Mill Creek The Winton Lake Phase I Diagnostic/Feasibility Study was completedin (1989) with funding from a CWA Section 314 Clean Lakes Program

The Phase II Implementation Study was not funded.


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grant. The intent of this study was to determine the causes of themassive sediment loading that occurs in this urban watershed anddetermine feasible means to correct this problem.

Muskingum Primary nonpoint source problems in the river basin are agriculture,brine disposal and mine drainage. Mine drainage is addressed in detailin the WQMP. (1980) Watershed Profile for Nonpoint SourcePollution Control: Buffalo Fork; Guernsey, Muskingum and NobleCounties, Ohio (1989) and Watershed Profile for Nonpoint SourcePollution Control: Rocky Fork; Knox and Licking Counties, Ohio(1989) contain nonpoint source problem area identification, evaluationof best management practices and nonpoint source pollution controlrecommendations for the watersheds. Also, six education anddemonstration projects have been completed in the river basin. Aresidential on-site sewage disposal improvement program was fundedfor Morrow County to survey conditions of on-site systems, developpumper and installer standards and educate homeowners. Educationprograms on oil and gas well site restoration and education programswere completed in Holmes, Ashland, Coshocton, Perry and Morrowcounties.

The Wills Creek Watershed is rated as the number one total sedimentcontributor in Ohio. Over 34,000 acres of woodland are grazed, withan average of 5.8 tons per acre of sediment loss annually. Nearly200,000 tons of soil loss are attributed to grazed woodland within thewatershed. Technical assistance and implementation of BMPs tocontrol erosion from grazed forestland will be addressed in this project.This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by the GuernseyCounty SWCD (1990).

The Middle Branch of the Nimishillen Creek, Water QualityImprovement project will focus on urban nonpoint source in the MiddleBranch of Nimishillen Creek. An educational program addressingseptic system maintenance will be initiated with homeowners. Theproject will also assist in the repair of on-site sewage systems anddesign ways to correct laundry room/basement hookups to the owners'current system. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered

NEFCO has prepared NPS studies for this area which may be useful.NEFCO is also a member of the Water Quality Committee formed bythe SWCD for this project.


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by the Stark County SWCD (1991).

The Muskingum County Dillon Lake Watershed project will beimplemented in two phases. Phase I will address the identification andinventory of failed residential on-site sewage systems and abandonedwells and the sealing of some of the abandoned wells. Phase II willidentify NPS loading to Dillon Lake from three subwatersheds andprepare and implement watershed management plans. This CWASection 319 funded project is administered by the Muskingum CountySWCD (1991).

Tropic Coal Refuse and Acid Mine Discharge (AMD) Abatement,Black Fork of Moxahala Creek (1991). Reclamation of 17 acres ofcoal refuse and 3 acres of AMD precipitate within the floodplain ofBlack Fork would involve regrading refuse, treatment with bactericide,routing of underground mine flow into wetland, resoiling withcomposted yard waste and revegetation. This project includesmonitoring of the wetland. This CWA Section 319 funded projectincludes monitoring of the wetland. This CWA Section 319 fundedproject is administered by the ODNR Division of Reclamation.

The Lower Muskingum Sediment Control project will focus on thereduction of grazed woodland and associated sediment problems in thelower Muskingum watershed. Work directly with landowners to installBMPs to: 1) Improve water quality, 2) Improve woodlands, and 3)Improve the management of the resource base. This CWA Section 319funded project is administered by the Morgan County SWCD (1991).

A Phase I Diagnostic/Feasibility Water Quality Study in Dillon Lakeand its Watershed is currently being conducted. Ohio EPA receivedfrom a Clean Water Act Section 314 Clean Lakes Program Grant toconduct the study. The study will determine the causes and extent ofpollution, evaluate possible solutions, and recommend the most feasibleand cost effective measures for restoring and protecting water qualityat Dillon Lake, the Ohio EPA has collected water quality data from thelake and watershed, sediment samples from the lake bottom andphysical and biological data. The Muskingum SWCD and the USGSare also collecting data from Dillon Lake.


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Rocky In the East Branch, Rocky River Urban Nonpoint Source projectmunicipal officials and local developers will be trained to properly planand install erosion control practices. Educate and mobilize localcitizens and officials in urban pollution control. This CWA Section319 funded project will be administered by the Cuyahoga CountySWCD (1991).

Sandusky Primary nonpoint source problems in the river basin are agriculture andon-site. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution problems wereaddressed in detail and subbasins were ranked but not prioritized, in theWQMP (1980). An agricultural critical area project was establishedwith the Seneca County SWCD. The report, Seneca County, OhioAgricultural Critical Area Project (1984), assesses nonpoint sourcewater quality problems for the study area and makes recommendationsfor nonpoint source management and control. The State of OhioPhosphorus Reduction Strategy for Lake Erie update (1989) containsphosphorus load estimates and recommendations for phosphorusreductions for watersheds in the Sandusky River basin.

The Impact of BMPs on Surface Runoff and Ground Water in aSolutioned Limestone Area of Ohio project will examine BestManagement Practices to be implemented in an area of solutionedlimestone to assess impacts on surface and ground water quality.Sampling of wells and surface water on a seasonal and storm eventbasis around a sinkhole will be compared to a control area. Data willbe analyzed for hydrologic relationships and BMP impacts.Comparisons to DRASTIC data will be made. This CWA Section 319funded project is administered by ODNR Division of Water (1990).

Agricultural controls are especially critical in this basin due to the needto reduce total phosphorus loadings to Lake Erie.

Scioto Primary nonpoint sources in the river basin are agriculture, on-sitesystems, urban storm water and mine drainage. Critical areas wereidentified by a technical subcommittee of the Policy AdvisoryCommittee and included in the Scioto River Basin Agriculture Report(1982). The report addresses general programmatic costs, agencyresponsibilities, water quality data and general best managementpractices needs. Critical area demonstration projects were undertaken


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via contract in Buck Run (Union SWCD), Clear Creek (HighlandSWCD) and Deer Creek (Madison SWCD). The results of problem areaidentification and provision of technical assistance, as well asrecommendations for nonpoint source pollution abatement, are includedin final project reports: Buck Creek Agricultural Critical Area Project,Highland County, Ohio, and Somerford Township Agricultural CriticalArea Project , Madison County, Ohio. Urban Storm Water Analysis forFranklin County assesses storm water related water quality problems inthe study areas. (1984)

The Reduction of Nutrients and Pesticides to the City of Columbus'sWater Supply in the Bokes Creek Watershed project compares variousmethods and types of fertility and pesticide management practices todetermine their effect on the quality of the water entering Bokes Creek.This information will be used to develop and demonstrate the mosteffective measures to be implemented to reduce inputs to surfacestreams. This CWA Section 319 funded project is administered by theUnion County SWCD and the Ohio State University ResearchFoundation (OSURF) (1990).

The Big Darby Creek Nonpoint Source Implementation Project -Franklin County will focus on the development of an urban andagricultural demonstration project on Hellbranch Creek and Buck Runtributaries to Big Darby Creek State Scenic River. This project involvesthe coordination of a multiagency/organizational structure to provideeducational materials and BMPs in the watershed. This CWA Section319 funded project is administered by the Franklin County SWCD(1990).

The Big Darby Creek Nonpoint Source Implementation project - UnionCounty will focus on the development of an urban and agriculturaldemonstration project on Hellbranch Creek and Buck Run tributaries toBig Darby Creek State Scenic River. This project involves thecoordination of a multiagency/organizational structure to provideeducational materials and BMPs in the watershed. This CWA Section319 funded project is administered by the Union County SWCD (1990).

The Big Darby Creek NPS Implementation project - SCS will focus on


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the development of an urban and agricultural demonstration project onHellbranch Creek and Buck Run tributaries to Big Darby Creek StateScenic River. This project involves the coordination on amultiagency/organizational structure to provide educational materialsand BMPs in the watershed. This CWA Section 319 funded project isadministered by the Soil Conservation Service (1990).

The Big Darby Creek NPS Implementation Project - Ohio EPA/ODNRwill focus on the development of an urban and agriculturaldemonstration project on Hellbranch Creek and Buck Run tributaries toBig Darby Creek State Scenic River. This project involves thecoordination of a multiagency/organizational structure to provideeducational materials and BMPs in the watershed. This CWA Section319 funded project is administered by the ODNR Division of Forestry(1990).

In the Ohio Buried Valley Aquifer Management Systems EvaluationArea project, funds will be used to develop educational materials for astate funded project and will support the submission of a farm overlyinga buried valley aquifer as a management system evaluation area in theUSDA Midwest Initiative. The program will attempt to reduce waterquality impacts due to agriculture. This CWA Section 319 fundedproject is administered by the Ohio State University ResearchFoundation (1990).

The Load Allocation Development for Nonpoint Source Pollutionproject will focus on the development of the formal policies andprocedures necessary to address load allocations for nonpoint sourcepollutants in each of the state's ecoregions and test, verify and apply thedeveloped policies and procedures in the Bokes Creek watershed. ThisCWA Section 319 funded project is administered by the Ohio EPADWQPA (1991).

Southeast Ohio RiverTributaries

Primary nonpoint sources in the river basin are agriculture, on-sitesystems, brine disposal and mine drainage. An analysis of minedrainage and mine waste disposal problems for the river basin iscontained in WQMP (1980). Watershed Planning Profile for NonpointSource Pollution Control: Little Raccoon Creek, Jackson/Vinton


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Counties, Ohio, assesses nonpoint source pollution problems frommultiple sources and makes recommendations for management andcontrol of problems in the watershed. The problems of mine drainageare highlighted (1985).

Wabash Primary nonpoint source problems in the river basin are agriculture, on-site systems and animal waste, WQMP (1980).

EDATA Primary nonpoint source problems in the EDATA region areagriculture, on-site systems, construction site erosion, urban runoff,silviculture and acid mine drainage.

Volume Three of the WQMP, Preventative Measures to Abate thePollution of Storm Water Runoff, presented and evaluated bestmanagement practices (BMPs) for control and treatment of storm waterrunoff, and proposed a technical and planning study process to evaluatethe effectiveness of the proposed voluntary control program. TheBMPs were grouped according to the type of activity or pollutant beingcontrolled, i.e., construction, pesticide use, storm water conveyance,etc. The report recommends prevention and/or reduction of stormwater pollution through on-site controls and proper conveyance ofstorm water. The reduction in storm water pollution is to be achievedthrough a voluntary program promoted through a general educationprogram.

Volume Four of the WQMP, Nonpoint Pollution Abatement Sub-Planfor Mahoning and Trumbull Counties, 1977, comprehensively surveyedexisting and proposed nonpoint source pollution programs andresponsible agencies, and described the cultural and natural processeswhich generate nonpoint source pollution. EDATA recommended thatthe nonpoint source abatement program rely upon existing programs ofeconomic incentives and voluntary adoption of best managementpractices to achieve nonpoint source control. The report also assessedpotential sources of nonpoint source pollution using the Ohio Soil andWater Conservation Needs Inventory (1971), and inventoriedconservation needs.

The WQMP report, Identification of Nonpoint Loadings to the Mill


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Creek Park System, 1980, identified sediment, water quality anddredging studies developed concerning the three lakes in the Mill CreekPark Lake System. The data and studies (included in this report) wereused to identify preliminarily, the most significant sources of nonpointsources adversely impacting the lake system. Proposed and actualconstruction sites were evaluated for potential erosion problems. Thereport presented site specific mitigation plans and general BMPs toreduce nonpoint source impacts from identified nonpoint sourceproblems, and recommended planning processes to refine nonpointsource problem identification and promote the administrative andregulatory changes necessary to implement regulations and programsto reduce nonpoint source pollution.

The Mill Creek Park Assessment, Lake Newport - Identification ofPollutant Loadings to the Mill Creek Park Lake System, 1981,assembled water quality, discharge, and land use information for theMill Creek Park Lake System watershed. This information was usedto determine general sources of pollutants to the system, estimategeneral loadings from sources and identify specific sources for furtherresearch as funds become available. Further quantification of specificloads and their sources is necessary to develop a remediation plan torestore beneficial and social constraints. The report identified specificstorm water and on-site systems problem areas and partiallydocumented instream and lake water quality problems, but did notdisaggregate loads to determine relative nonpoint source contributions.

The report, Storm Water Runoff Mahoning and Trumbull Counties,1981, identified storm water problem areas and recommended remedialactivities necessary to reduce adverse water quality impacts from stormwater runoff in these two counties. The report identified problem areasusing the best professional judgement of local land resourceprofessionals (county engineers, Soil Conservation Service, countyhealth departments, etc.) and also evaluated each site using a LandResource Information System, the Ohio Capability Analysis Program(OCAP). The OCAP model quantified the potential for excessiverunoff and erosion if sites were denuded for development based on theUSLE. Mitigation activities were then proposed for each identified sitein the two-county area.


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The report, Disposal of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Sludge, 1983,identified sludge volume generation and disposal practices formunicipal wastewater treatment facilities in Mahoning and Trumbullcounties. The report evaluated disposal practices for potential adverseimpacts to air and water quality and recommended revised sludgedisposal practices for each facility based upon environmental andeconomic considerations. Regulations for land spreading of sludgewere presented and reviewed to inform readers of the currentregulations and the environmental reasons for the regulations. Thisextensive review of the sludge disposal problem builds upon the 1978WQMP document, Municipal Wastewater Treatment, whichoverviewed sludge management options.

The WQMP is being updated to identify current sludge generation ratesand disposal practices for all municipal WWTPs. The update willinvestigate joint disposal options and facilitate implementation of jointdisposal agreements in order to provide WWTP facilities with theaccess to optional disposal methods.

The report, Agricultural Education to Abate Sources of NonpointPollution, 1984, reviewed agricultural sources of nonpoint source andsurveyed agricultural education programs in Mahoning and Trumbullcounties. Programs specifically oriented to reducing nonpoint sourceimpacts were not identified; however, recommendations for activitiesto reduce nonpoint source generation and delivery were included.

The report, Identification of Areawide Best Management Practices forMeander and Shenango Watersheds Mahoning and Trumbull Counties,Ohio, 1985, developed two watershed-specific plans for reducingnonpoint source generation and delivery to the Meander and Shenangorivers. BMPs appropriate to the nonpoint source problems in thesewatersheds are identified and explained. The SCS Technical Guidesfor BMPs is appended to this report, and provides farm operators andland resource management professionals with both an assessment of thenonpoint source problems in the region and detailed guidance on howto implement BMPs to mitigate those problems.

The report, Nonpoint Water Quality Ranking Mahoning and TrumbullCounties, 1985, provides the WQMP with a document which qualifiespotential erosion problem areas by watershed in those counties usingthe USLE and a factor for sediment yield. The report utilized OCAPto input watershed boundaries and to determine potential erosion ratesfor each watershed under different management conditions. Eachwatershed was ranked according to its potential to deliver sediment to


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the waterways.

MVRPC The revised Areawide WQMP contains analyses of both urban andrural nonpoint sources as contributors to water pollution in the MiamiValley region. In all counties except Montgomery, rural nonpointsource pollution is far more significant than urban. The analyses in thePlan are the result of modeling rather than field data. The modelproduces a stream segment/subwatershed estimate and ranking ofpollutant loads for urban runoff, rural runoff and the combined instreamimpacts of the two. The Plan also sets forth the management structurefor nonpoint sources. The Plan update includes on-site waste disposalstudies for Darke, Greene, Miami, Montgomery and Preble counties.The 1987 report, Animal Feedlot Inventory and Assessment Report forDarke County Ohio, documents the magnitude of animal waste relatedto water quality problems and locates individual feedlots. The UpperFour Mile Creek Watershed Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment,Preble County, Ohio (1988) examines nonpoint source contributions towater quality degradation of surface and ground water.

The existing assessment within the MVRPC WQMP for nonpointsources of pollution needs additional analyses. The Plan should includedata from various reports, i.e., NURP, LEWMS, USGS Field Studies,water quality data in STORET, and for some watersheds ACOE data isavailable. Additional studies on particular components of nonpointsource pollution need to be prepared (utilizing data sources listedabove), including urban/rural/agricultural runoff and residuals (sludge)disposal. Urban/rural runoff control strategies should be developed aspart of Priority Subwatershed Plans (PSPs).

Using Darke and Montgomery counties as test areas, two techniqueswere developed for assessing high risk locations for ground watercontamination for on-site disposal system concentrations. Bothtechniques use MVRPC's data on system concentrations, one inconjunction with detailed information from the Darke County soilsurvey, and one in conjunction with OCAP-generated data on physicalcharacteristics including depth to bedrock, soil permeability, and depthto water table.

The Plan describes a variety of control measures for both urban andrural runoff. It recommends that Priority Subwatershed Plans (PSPs)be developed and that appropriate control measures be incorporated inthese on a subwatershed basis. The Plan also sets forth themanagement structure for nonpoint sources.

Considerable emphasis was placed on control of pollution from on-sitedisposal facilities in 1985. Much of this work focuses on DarkeCounty (Stillwater Basin) for which both a model local implementationprogram and a strategic plan for on-site systems management were

Further analysis of nonpoint source control needs is largely dependentupon the availability and assessment of WQ data on the impacts of thevarious pollution sources. Such analysis should be completed whenpossible and the results incorporated into the WQMP.

In order to improve the status of this element, MVRPC should furtheranalyze urban storm runoff by political jurisdiction, including neededimprovements and costs, and identify unsewered areas and neededcontrol measures for them; refine/clarify management structure withregard to DMAs for urban storm water; and integrate local storm watercontrol system into WQMP.

The studies and plans mentioned above have been useful in addressingNPS issues in the region, but an updated comprehensive NPScomponent should be done. It should be watershed or subwatershed


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completed. based and should take the stormwater permit program into account.

Management of on-site systems in the region has been furtherstrengthened through the execution of Memoranda of Understandingbetween MVRPC and four of the Region's county health districts.(Health districts are the DMAs for on-site systems under MVRPC'sAWQMP.) These instruments, now in effect for Darke, Miami,Montgomery and Greene counties, set forth the responsibilities of thehealth districts and MVRPC in attempting to reduce and control waterpollution from such systems.

Memoranda of Understanding have also been executed betweenMVRPC and the five soil and water conservation districts serving theRegion. SWCDs are the DMAs for agricultural and some urbannonpoint pollution sources under the AWQMP. Like the M.O.U.s withthe health districts, these instruments also set forth the responsibilitiesof the parties regarding control of pollution resulting from stormrunoff.

The WQMP assesses urban storm water as a source of nonpointpollution. Modeling was employed to estimate nonpoint pollutionloads generated by urban runoff for each subwatershed/stream segmentof each river basin.

Subwatersheds comprising each basin are ranked according to acomposite pollution index. Various control measures for urban runoffare described and the development of Priority Subwatershed Plans isrecommended.

In 1985, a major study pertaining to urban storm runoff was completed.An Evaluation of the Current and Future Use of RunoffControl/Sediment Abatement Legislation for Development Sites as aNonpoint Source Pollution Control Techniques in Miami ValleyCommunities examines five jurisdictions in the Miami Valley regionwhich have enacted RC/SA legislation based on MVRPC's modelordinance. The study compares each local law with the model, reviewsthe local process for administering the regulations, and presentsinformation on actual development projects to which they have been


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applied. It also includes a method of analyzing the applicability ofsuch legislation to other Miami Valley communities and prioritizesthem according to the results of this analysis.

MVRPC developed Handbook(s) of Sub-Basin Profiles for NonpointSource Planning and Management in the Miami Valley Region (1989)to make the data in the Ohio NPS Assessment Report more usable forlocal planning commissions. In 1991 MVRPC published four countyanimal feedlot inventory reports: Animal Feedlot and PoultryOperation Inventory for Greene County, Ohio (Little Miami RiverBasin), Animal Feedlot and Poultry Operation Inventory for MiamiCounty, Ohio (Upper Great Miami Basin), Animal Feedlot and PoultryOperation Inventory for Montgomery County, Ohio (Lower GreatMiami Basin), Animal Feedlot and Poultry Operation Inventory forPreble County, Ohio (Twin Creek Basin). In addition the reportAnimal Feedlot and Poultry Operation Inventory and Assessment,Nonpoint Source Documentation Forms for Greene, Miami,Montgomery, and Preble Counties provided data to Ohio EPA forinclusion in its NPS database and 305(b) report. The Animal Feedlotand Poultry Operation Inventory for Darke County, Ohio (StillwaterRiver Basin) (1992) report updated the 1987 report for Darke Countywas necessitated by an increase in the poultry industry.

NEFCO Recommended controls for all known significant nonpoint pollutionsources are included in the Plan as follows: WWTP residuals (VolumeOne, p. 51ff and Volume Three, p. 510ff), septage (Volume One, p.97ff, and Volume Four, p. 75ff), urban storm water (Volume One, p.129ff and Volume Four, p. 273ff), and solid waste facilities (VolumeOne, p. 141ff and Volume Four, p.79ff). Nonpoint source controlswhich are in place in priority watersheds are described in Volume Four(pp. 187-194, 217, 287-289). Best management practices also havebeen recommended for six priority watersheds in separate reportsfunded under Section 205(j): Fish Creek and Plum Creek in PortageCounty, Upper Tuscarawas and Mud Brook in Summit County, EastBranch Nimishillen Creek in Stark County and Chippewa Creek inWayne County.

Finally, nonpoint source controls in effect within those watershed are

On-site wastewater treatment and disposal systems are regarded aspermanent systems throughout the NEFCO area. Health and waterquality problems caused by such systems need to be documentedcompletely. Implementation strategies need to be developed in certaincounties in which higher density development of public health problemsoccur in unsewered areas. In the remaining counties, on-site disposalproblems need to have updated documentation. Runoff from storage ofsalt and road deicing chemicals is thought to be a significant nonpointsource of water pollution but information regarding the number andlocations of storage facilities is needed by Ohio EPA. The section ofCWP Volume Four which describes impacts from oil and gasproduction needs to be updated to reflect recent changes both in Stateregulations and in oil and gas production and attendant water qualityproblems. Information regarding nonpoint source controls in effectneeds to be updated and local government implementation of nonpoint


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described in Volume Four, pp. 166-1 and 7, 17-1 to 175-3, 186, 193 to193-3, 194-1 and 2, 195-1 and 2, 217 and 217-2 and 288-3 to 288-4.

The nonpoint sources identified in 40 CFR 130.6(c)(4)(iii) correspondto the above described sections of the Plan in the following manner:(A) Residual waste: WWTP residuals, septage and brine, VolumeFour, pp. IV-67-46 to 53 and IV-67-79 to 87, contains newrecommendations for septage disposal. (B) Land disposal: same; inaddition, agricultural, solid waste and all above listed 205(j) reportsexcept Mud Brook. (C) Agricultural and silvicultural: agricultural andall above listed 205(j) reports. No silvicultural activities have beenidentified as significant nonpoint sources of pollution. (D) Mines:Volume Two, pp. C-25, C-28, Tu-31 to 35, TL-23 to 26, S-13 to 15, N-32 to 34, 6-14 to 16, K-15 to 16, M-18 to M-20 and CC-50 to CC-52.(E) Construction: urban storm water and all watershed reports preparedwith 205(j) funding. (F) Saltwater intrusion: not addressed in the Planother than in relation to the chloride pollution described in the UpperTuscarawas report. (G) Urban storm water: urban storm water and allwatershed reports prepared with 205(j) funding.

The Model Oil and Gas Regulations for Municipalities and Townshipsand an Overview of Oil and Gas Regulations in the NEFCO Region(1986) reports centered around the development of model regulationsfor oil and gas well drilling and brine disposal. Meetings were heldthroughout NEFCO's region to increase the awareness of this work. Onthe basis of feedback received from meeting participants, NEFCOdeveloped model regulations for oil and gas well drilling and brinedisposal. NEFCO developed this report to improve the awareness bylocal governments of these regulations.

The Review of Brine Production, Disposal and Pollution in Portage,Stark, Summit and Wayne Counties (1987) report is an analysis ofproduction well reports and brine hauler data to determine the amountof brine produced and hauled in the four county area.

The Road Salt Storage Sites Inventory Data Analysis andRecommendations (1987) report is an evaluation of the distribution ofroad salt and/or other materials, storage sites within the NEFCO

source controls needs to be evaluated to determine whether additionalor updated recommendations are needed. Work with member localgovernments to develop appropriate control strategies for nonpointsource pollution including stormwater should continue.

A Majority of the model regulations have been adopted by the City ofAkron.


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region, examination of the adequacy of such facilities and theirdistribution, the types and amounts of materials used and theexamination of problems evolving from improper storage practices. theRoad Salt Storage Sites Inventory Data Analysis andRecommendations (1987) report includes an inventory of all storagesites, the type of facilities and their distribution, the types and amountsof materials used and an examination of problems evolving fromimproper storage practices.

The East Branch Nimishillen Creek Watershed Nonpoint SourcePollution Implementation Cost Study (1988) report is an update of thenonpoint source assessment and implementation plan for the EastBranch Nimishillen Creek Watershed done by NEFCO in 1985. Thewatershed was identified by Ohio EPA in a 1988 statewide assessmentas a watershed that had been "impacted" and "impaired" by nonpointsource pollution. This report was developed to determine the extentand locations of nonpoint source pollution and to qualify the state forfunds to mitigate this pollution.

The Upper Tuscarawas River Watershed Nonpoint Source PollutionImplementation Cost Study (1988) report is an update of the 1985nonpoint source pollution control study of the watershed. The UpperTuscarawas River Watershed was identified by the Ohio EPA in a 1988statewide assessment as a watershed that had been impaired bynonpoint source pollution. This report was developed to determine theextent and locations of nonpoint source pollution and to qualify thestate for funds to mitigate this pollution.

The Chippewa Creek Nonpoint Source Pollution ControlImplementation Cost Study - Phase I (1989) report categorizes sevenmajor nonpoint source pollution sources identified for the ChippewaCreek Watershed in an assessment done by NEFCO in 1984. As partof the current study, a Chippewa Creek Watershed Nonpoint SourcePollution Study Committee was formed. The identification ofadditional pollution sources and recommendations for pollutionabatement were recommended by the committee. The informationfrom this report will be used to determine which nonpoint sources ofpollution warrant the most attention, and as a basis to develop studies


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and projects to address the problems.

The Analysis of Nonpoint Source Pollution within the Lake HodgsonWatershed Phase I (1989) report is an analysis of contributors ofnonpoint source pollution in the watershed. An extensive review ofexisting water quality data and land use data was conducted.Agriculture and on-site sewage disposal systems were the largestcontributors of nonpoint source pollution in the watershed. TheAnalysis of Nonpoint Source Pollution Within the Lake HodgsonWatershed - Phase II (1990) report focused on the development of aframework to determine costs for implementation of methods ofabating the impacts of nonpoint source pollution on the watershed. TheLake Hodgson Nonpoint Source Monitoring Plan (1990) wasdeveloped with recognition that excess nutrients appear to be theprimary pollutant to Lake Hodgson. A variety of sources areimplicated including rural residential development and agriculturalrunoff. The monitoring sites were selected to differentiatecontributions from various areas of the watershed.

An Inventory of Animal Waste Sites in the Upper Killbuck CreekWatershed - Wayne County, Ohio (1991) report identifies the numberof animal farms and their distribution within the Upper Killbuck Creekwatershed. The Killbuck Creek and several of its tributaries have beenidentified in the Nonpoint Source Assessment as being impacted bynonpoint source pollution to varying extents. Wayne County has someof the largest concentrations of animal feedlot operations in the State.A map showing the distribution of these operations was produced.

The Springfield Lake Water Quality Task Force - Phase I (1991) wasformed to facilitate discussions on protecting the lake. Data from the1988-89 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program showed that the lakeexhibited good water clarity and in a mesotrophic condition. A seriesof educational workshops were hosted by NEFCO for the officials inthe surrounding communities to facilitate the development of amanagement plan.

The report A Characterization of Point Source and Nonpoint SourcePollution in the Middle Branch of the Nimishillen Creek Watershed -


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Phase I Stark County, Ohio (1991) included a description of thewatershed and subwatersheds, landuses, an update of point sources ofpollution and identification of possible nonpoint sources of pollution.The Middle Branch Nimishillen Creek Study - Phase II MonitoringPlan (1991) report is a characterization of the effects of septic tankcontamination to area waterways as well as to assist the Stark SWCDin evaluating the effectiveness of septic tank remediation, under aSection 319 Clean Water Act grant, to improve water quality in theMiddle Branch of the Nimishillen Creek. A monitoring plan isdescribed for three subwatersheds.

The Water Quality Impacts from Septage Spreading - Phase I StarkCounty (1991) report describes the evaluation of a stream segment forimpacts from land applied septage. Site characteristics including soils,geology and land use land cover were described. Analysis of thegeology in the study area revealed highly permeable soils and aconnection of ground water to surface water. Although analysis of thewater samples failed to indicate contamination of the stream by humanwaste, agricultural contributions were present. Best managementpractices were recommended for land applied septage disposal.

Since FY 1988 through FY 1992 NEFCO has administered theoperation of a Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP) in theirfour county region which includes Portage, Stark, Summit and Waynecounties. Secchi depth measurements are taken and Carlson TrophicState Index (TSI) values are calculated for the lakes in the program. Asa spinoff of the VLMP, NEFCO started a Volunteer Lake SamplingProgram FY 1991. In this program chlorophyll a and total phosphorussamples are collected for selected lakes in the VLMP. In the 1992sampling season, NEFCO implemented a program to mail the samplesto the approved laboratory. Problems developed with storage of thesamples and the project was discontinued. Associated reports of theVLMP and sampling program are listed in Attachment B.

The Portage Lakes Study - Phase I (1991) report is a study of lake andwatershed data compiled in an attempt to characterize the pollutioncontributors causing degradation of water quality in the Portage Lakesregion. The Portage Lakes Task Force (1991) was formed to facilitate

The Portage Lakes studies need to be continued to better understand thetypes and sources of pollution affecting the Lakes and to increase theawareness and coordination of the various agencies and activitieslocated within the watershed.


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discussions on the pollution problems in the region and secure fundingfor remediation measures. The Portage Lakes Study - Phase I LanduseDescription (1991) report is an analysis of the landuse in the PortageLakes watershed. The data for the analysis were provided by the OhioDepartment of Natural Resources (ODNR) - Division of Soil and Waterthrough the Ohio Capability Analysis Program (OCAP). A series offive landuse maps were produced as a result of this analysis. ThePortage Lakes Study - Phase II Point and Nonpoint Source Information(1992) report provided insight into the pollution sources that are largelyresponsible for degradation of water quality in the Portage Lakes. thisreport provided the initial presentation of impacts by nutrient andsediment contributors and a description and discussion of the types andsources of pollution.

The Sippo Lake Clean Lakes Program Phase I Diagnostic/FeasibilityStudy (1992) assembled the causes and extent of pollution, evaluatedpossible solutions and recommendations were made for the mostfeasible and cost effective measures for restoring and protecting waterquality at Sippo Lake. NEFCO's role in the Phase I study was to assistin data gathering, analysis and to compile and document the data intoa complete Phase I study.

A phase II Implementation Study is currently in progress for SippoLake. Restoration activities under this study include conservation andeducation efforts, as well as dam reconstruction, dredging, on-streamsediment basins and macrophyte harvesting.


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NOACA NOACA has developed a series of NPS assessment tools during theplan development and continuing planning phase to date. Theseinclude a comprehensive mapping of small watersheds in the areaNOACA WQM Technical Appendix A07, Delineation of Study AreaSubbasins , 1978, the development of the "biological reach" conceptNOACA WQM Technical Appendix A35, Catalog of TechnicalProducts, and the analysis of the Cuyahoga Restoration NOACA WQMTechnical Appendix A10, Analysis of Cuyahoga Restoration StudySuspended Sediment Data, 1978. A method for applying the areawidenonpoint source controls: The Storm Water Runoff/Sediment ControlSubplan, recommended that comprehensive storm water/sedimentpolicies be implemented areawide, but most particularly in developingareas. The NOACA Land Use Element 24978 identified areas withinthe designated planning area projected to be developed. TheEnvironmental Health Subplan recommended a comprehensive andvigorous management program for home septric systems areawide, butparticularly in Geauga, Medina, southern Lorain, and eastern Lakecounties. The Rivers and Waterways Subplan recommended areawideenactment of environmental review procedures for local zoning andsubdivision reviews, and Statewide legislation to protect critical areasin watersheds. The original plan development also involvedspecialized studies addressing Best Management Practices on rurallands NOACA WQM Technical Appendix A03, Control of NonpointSource Pollution from Rural Lands Through the Use of BestManagement Practices, 1978, inventory of on-site systems areawide,a review of environmental impacts of road salt usage NOACA WQMTechnical Appendix A23, Road Salt: A Profile of Environmental andProperty Impacts, 1978, a ranking of all area subbasins for the RuralWater Program NOACA WQM Technical Appendix A42, Ranking ofSubbasins for the Rural Water Program, 1981, soil erosion surveys ofselected area small watersheds NOACA WQM Technical AppendixA43, Soil Erosion Survey of Seven Selected Subbasins in Cuyahogaand Lake Counties, Ohio: Data for All Basins Except Abrams Creek:(Cuyahoga and Lake SWCDs), 1981 and NOACA WQM TechnicalAppendix A44, Soil Erosion of Seven Selected Subbasins in Cuyahogaand Lake Counties, Ohio: Data for Abrams Creek; (Cuyahoga SWCD),1981 and a study of contributing source impacts in the Mentor MarshNOACA WQM Technical Appendix A49, Mentor Marsh, Lake

Participate in development of Cuyahoga River Remedial Action PlanStage 2 and incorporate into plan findings and implementation relatedto nonpoint sources including storm water and combined seweroverflows. Incorporate into plan needs passed on storm waterpermitting procedures.

Existing land use needs to be updated, and projected land use needs tobe reviewed and revised as a basis for maintaining an up to dateunderstanding of nonpoint problems. Identification of nonpoint sourcealso needs to be updated as new water quality information becomesavailable from sources such as the Ohio Nonpoint Source Assessment.For priority watersheds additional assessment is needed for nonpointsource problems and control alternatives.

NOACA continues to provide planning support to the CuyahogaRemedial Action Plan and the Black River Remedial Action Plan whichcan provide a basis for nonpoint source control in the two respectivewatersheds. NOACA development and implementation of a GISsystem in coordinations with area water quality management agenciesand state agencies will be continued for evaluating nonpoint sourceproblems. NOACA participation in the planning, development andimplementation of the Ohio EPA storm water permits will be continuedto provide for enhancing local participation in the program.


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County, Ohio: Historical/Data and Current Baseline Conditions, 1982.

OKI The Regional Water Quality Management Plan describes existing andprojected land uses, and estimates urban and rural runoff loads bydrainage area and their water quality impacts in the basin chapters.Nonpoint source control alternatives, recommendations and costs arealso presented in the basin chapters. Rural acreage needing treatmentto reduce soil loss to allowable levels are estimated by type of land useby drainage area. (1977) Additional assessments of rural sources ofpollution, with an emphasis on local conservation agency perspectivesand prioritization of problem areas, are provided in OKI's 1979 reportson Ranking of Agriculture Nonpoint Source Problem Areas and TurtleCreek Project Area, Warren County: Application for Rural CleanWater Programs, and in OKI's 1983 report on Priority Areas for RuralNonpoint Source Control. A "plan of action" for four of these prioritywatersheds, identifying specific problems and control procedures, iscontained within individual Nonpoint Source Profile reports for SevenMile Creek; Reeders Run; Moores Fork; and Poplar Creek, prepared byOKI in 1984. Profile information on nonpoint source problems insuburban area is developed in OKI's 1983 report, Assessing WaterPollution Controls for Sharon Woods Lake. Management techniquesfor both urban and rural nonpoint sources are described in Chapter V.Recommendations for agricultural best management practices arefurther refined in the Section "Control Source Problems" in OKI'sreport on 1979 Continuing Water Quality Management Planning. Themanagement resources of local conservation agencies are inventoriedin the same 1979 report in the section "Assess Agricultural Agencies."More current information on the management resources of theseagencies is provided in the 1984 report, Assessing Local AgriculturalImplementation of Nonpoint Source Control Measures. Financialresources for rural nonpoint source control are discussed in another1984 report, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation in SouthwestOhio. To support control of erosion from construction processes,alternative control measures and a model ordinance are discussed inOKI's 1978 report, Guide to Controlling Sediment from ConstructionActivities. The 1984 report, Rural Erosion Control Programs,documents the efforts of rural governments in southwestern Ohio to useordinances for reducing construction-related sediment. Managerial and


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technical alternatives for reducing pollution from on-site systems arediscussed in OKI's 1978 report On-Site Wastewater TreatmentSystems. Existing management of on-site systems is assessed in the1984 report, Evaluating On-Site Wastewater Treatment Programs: ASurvey of County Health Agencies, which also summarizes local healthofficial's perspectives on the strengths and weaknesses of their on-sitemanagement activities. Control alternatives, recommendations andcost estimates are developed for both storm and combined sewersystems in the basin chapters, and loads are quantified. Procedures anddata used to estimate pollutant loads are described in a series of fiveUrban Runoff Control summaries, prepared by OKI in 1983 and 1984.

Onsite wastewater treatment status and needs are described in OnsiteWastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems in Warren County, Ohio(1986), and Assessment of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems inClermont County, Ohio (1987). Soils unsuitable for onsite septicsystems in unsewered areas were delineated on Maps of Soil Suitabilityfor Onsite Septic Tank-Leach Field Wastewater Treatment Systems inButler, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio (1987).

Watershed investigations of nonpoint source pollution contributions tostreams have been documented in Seven Mile Creek - Target WaterBody Profile (1986). Data from the Ohio Nonpoint Source Assessmentwere used to create a Stream Database for Butler, Clermont, Hamilton,and Warren Counties, Ohio (1987) and Watershed Maps (1989). Thecondition of Winton Lake was documented in Winton Lake - AnAnalysis of Pollution Sources (1986) and Phase I Study of WintonLake in Hamilton County, Ohio (1989). The HomeownersConservation Guide (1990) educates property owners on an array oftopics related to nonpoint source pollution. The Stonelick Lakewatershed was also examined in Stonelick lake - An Analysis ofPollution Sources (1986) and Watershed Investigation Into WaterPollution Sources of Stonelick Lake, Clermont County, Ohio andAddendum (1991). Nonpoint source Pollution: A Decision Makers'Guide (1992) addresses nonpoint sources at the grassroots level andincludes a map showing the State's nonpoint source designation ofwatersheds in Butler, clermont, hamilton and Warren County.


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TMACOG The Ottawa County Paired Watershed Demonstration Project Plan ofStudy (1982) was prepared to provide detailed information on a projectto be conducted to show the water quality benefits of intensive effortsto implement conservation practices.

The Clay Township Home Sewage Demonstration Project (1986) is todevelop actions for solving problems associated with on-site homesewage disposal systems. The results are being applied as a prototypemodel for other critical areas in the region. To assist the local healthdepartments in the region, TMACOG developed a 13 minute slidepresentation of How to Properly Care for Your Home Septic System(1986). The script concentrated on the operation and maintenance ofthe septic tank and leach fields, including recommended pumpingtimes, and described the necessary household habits important toavoiding costly repairs to the overall system. In 1988, TMACOGdeveloped a nonpoint source abatement proposal entitled On-SiteWastewater Pollution Abatement in Wood County, Ohio which was notfunded. It concentrated in two areas: the high urbanizing areas of LakeTownship and the high bedrock areas of Liberty and Portage townships.

TMACOG organized and presented in 1986 a workshop for municipalpersonnel and civil engineers on the issue of CSOs, what is being donein Northwest Ohio, and what alternate technologies are available. Toaccompany the workshop, TMACOG published a Combined SewerOverflow Seminar Workbook (1986) with background materials ontechnologies for addressing CSOs, and an extensive bibliography.

Water quality monitoring needs to be performed to locate the sourcesof urban nonpoint source pollutants. The storm water managementneeds of the TMACOG area should be studied.

The Areawide Water Quality Planning Council has worked with theSoil and Water Conservation Districts to assist in demonstrations ofridge tillage, no-till and other forms of conservation tillage. TMACOGhas leased ridge till planters and ridges in Ottawa County and publishedthe Lucas and Wood County Conservation Tillage Test Plot Results,(1986). TMACOG worked with Lucas County and the municipalitiesalong Swan Creek to assemble known information about the state ofSwan Creek's water quality, and helped develop the Swan CreekWatershed Strategy (1986) for solving the problems identified. In thelower reaches of Swan Creek, accumulation of metals and toxics in thesediments have been identified and are a serious problem. What is

A plan is being developed for creating a wetland area along SwanCreek which can be used for the abatement of nonpoint sourcepollutants. The Swan Creek Wetlands Task Force currently isreviewing scenarios for sorting and conceptual design of the wetland.


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unknown are the sources if these pollutants, and whether dischargesstill are occurring, or whether the sources have been eliminated.

The Chronic Toxicity of Agricultural Runoff: Nonpoint SourceAbatement Proposal (1988) was prepared in anticipation of funding fornonpoint source projects being appropriated under Section 319 of theWater Quality Act of 1987.

TMACOG proposed, in Swan Creek Toxics from Urban NonpointSources (1988), to work with Toledo Environmental Services Divisionand Bowling Green State University to perform monitoring whichwould answer these questions.

The Water Quality Sampling Site Inventory (1988) of water qualitymonitoring covers Lucas, Wood, Erie, Ottawa and Sandusky countiesin Ohio. Monitoring programs are described by the stream sampledand specific location on the stream, a listing of the parameters tested,the year(s) of the sampling and the source of the data.

Paired Watershed Demonstration Project; Third Year Annual Report,(1990). Covers data for 1988 and 1989 seasons for a conservation anda control watershed, including tillage, nutrient and pesticideapplication, and water quality.

Toledo Metropolitan Area Urban Runoff Needs Assessment; (1990).Outlines what communities need to do regarding the impending federalmandate (Water Quality Act of 1987) for storm water managementplans for separate storm sewers.

Toledo Metropolitan Area Storm Water Management Needs, Summaryof Draft Regulations and Project Progress Report; First Half, FY 1990.Summary of draft regulations for regulating separate storm waterdischarges; TMACOG progress reports on storm water managementproject.

Ottawa County Paired Watershed Demonstration Project; ProgramSummary, (1991). A 4-page public information piece. Describes thestudy of two farming watersheds to determine the impact of soil

The Ottawa Paired Watershed Demonstration Project began in 1988.Project activities including water quality monitoring and farmereducation are planned through 1993.


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conservation practices on water quality. Includes general results from1988 and 1989.

A Summary of the Final NPDES Storm Water Regulations for theTMACOG Region; December 1990, revised June 1991. Includes whois required to obtain a permit, types of permits and applicationrequirements.

Toledo Metropolitan Area Urban Runoff Needs Assessment -- Update;and A Summary of U.S. EPA's Draft General Permits; (1991). Includescharts of local municipalities' contribution to urban storm water runoff,and what actions are needed to address problems, in addition toinformation on Federal requirements.

Toledo Metropolitan Area Best Management Practices for Urban StormWater; (1991). Includes a discussion of the legal framework, a varietyof BMP's by mode of implementation and by function, and a modelerosion control ordinance.

nonpoint source management and control 130.6(c)(4)€¦ · (please note that ground water aquifers...

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