Nonverbal Communication•Forms of Nonverbal Communication•How to use it effectively?•How to express dissatisfaction effectively to students using nonverbal means?•Effective communication skills

Forms of Nonverbal Communication

•Facial Expression•Eye Contact•Gestures•Posture and Body Orientation•Proxemics or personal space •Paralinguistics•Touch (NA)•Appearance

Why is it important?

•Communication is a two-way process

Why is it important?

•Nonverbal makes you a better communicator

•Improve relationships with people

•Improve self esteem

•Improve ability to deceive people

Why is it important for teachers?•become better receivers of students'

messages.

•become a better sender of signals that reinforce learning.

•Nonverbal communication increases the degree of the perceived psychological closeness between teacher and student.

Facial Expression

•Simple smile or frown can tell a lot of stories.

•People are able to judge whether one is happy, sad, surprised, or angry.

Effective use of Facial Expression•If you smile regularly you will be

perceived as more likable, friendly, warm and approachable.

•Smiling is often contagious and students will react favorably and learn more

Facial Expressionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1H2kZWjqTAFacial Feedbackhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E0hTktMIyE

Eye Contact

•Helps to regulate the flow of communication.

•Can establish relationship between the parties.

•Blinking, staring and looking can indicate whether one is bored, interested or hostile.

Effective use of eye contact

•Maintain eye contact to open the flow of communication and convey interest, concern, warmth and credibility.

• Intervals of eye contact lasting 4 to 5 seconds

Eye contacthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FEbfUDzNoIEye avoidancehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwbUy3MHZGg

Gestures

•Nodding of head, hand signals, folding arms, waving, pointing

•It can alert the receiver of your intentions and emotions

Effective use of gestures

•Lively and animated teacher captures student’s attention and arouse their interest.

•Using gestures to reinforce and support your words.

Gestureshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROKYP10Zcw4

Posture and Body Orientation

•Standing, sitting, lying, slouching

•It conveys your feelings and attitudes

Effective use of Posture and Body Orientation•Avoid speaking with your back

turned or looking at the floor or ceiling.▫This will make you look

disinterested.

•Lean slightly forward.

•Avoid defensive postures: arm-crossing, and leg-crossing

Proxemics

•Also known as personal space.

Social Person

al

Intimate

space

Proxemics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhhALfB_1Aw

Effective use of Proxemics•Move around the classroom

to increase interaction with your students.

•Being closer to students allows teachers to make better eye contact and increases the opportunities for students to speak.

Paralinguistics

•How you convey your message?▫Tone ▫Pitch: Low or High Pitch ▫Rhythm: Speed ▫Timbre : Quality▫Loudness

•Affect the way people perceive your emotions.

Effective use of Paralinguistics

•Try to vary the tone and be aware of the underlying message that it conveys.

•Concentrate on how you phrase and use tones to emphasize ideas.

•Use soft/ low voice that only the student can hear

Paralanguagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5j0DFkbnE

Appearance

•Impression

•Clothes, Colors, Hairstyle, etc.

Effective use of Appearance

•Different colors can invoke different moods.▫Warm colors: vary from warmth to anger &

hostility▫Cool colors: vary from calm to feelings of

sadness

•Appearance can also change physiological reactions, judgment, and interpretations.

How to express dissatisfaction effectively to students using nonverbal means?

We can practice and manage our:•Eye contact

▫Make sure the student is not avoiding eye contact with you

•Proxemics▫Stand closer to the student to alert him/her

•Gestures▫Put up your hand to stop him/her

•Paralinguistics▫Vary tone, timbre and loudness

Effective Communication Skills

•Active Listening

•Verbal

•Nonverbal

•Practice or Self Review

Active Listening

•Relax and listen ▫using verbal and nonverbal

•Avoid interrupting the speaker

•It is important as it can help you digest what is being said accurately. It allows you to think through clearly.

Steps for Active Listening1. Affirmation – Acknowledge ideas, thoughts,

feelings▫ Verbal: yes, go on, etc▫ Nonverbal: nodding your head

2. Paraphrasing – Using own words to repeat speaker’s ideas

3. Clarification – check whether you understood▫ Verbal: ask open-ended questions starting with “How”, “What”,

“Please explain”▫ Nonverbal: using gestures to enhance questions

4. Summarize and give opinions▫ Verbal: ask if speaker wants to hear your opinions, using “would

you..”▫ Nonverbal: using gestures to emphasize ideas

Verbal•Be clear and assertive

•Enhance/emphasize ideas with nonverbal skills (gestures, eye contact, paralinguistics, etc)

•Use “I” sentences instead of “You”▫“you” sentences are usually perceived as blaming

or attacking the receiver.▫E.g. “I feel confused.” and “You are making me

confused.”

Verbal + Nonverbal• We have to manage our emotions (anger)

• Using “I” statements, do not use words like “better”, “worse”, “should”

• Acknowledge other’s emotions (through facial expression, eye contact), look interested to help speaker to relax.

• Rephrase speaker’s words▫ Take note of paralanguage used: tone, timbre and loudness

• Add others into the conversation to address the issue

Nonverbal

We should avoid: •Pointing index finger at speaker

•Wringing of hands

•Crossing arms on chest

•Eye avoidance – glancing sideways, looking down

Nonverbal

•Careful usage of paralanguage

•Thought through what underlying message that your sentence might have.

•When angry use a soft/ low voice instead of loud and angry tone.

Practice or Self review

•Practice and record the speech at home.▫Take note of paralinguistics used

•Reflect on these questions:▫Are everyone being heard?▫Does everyone has a chance to clarify?▫Is everyone clear about what you say?▫Did everyone manage to use the tools of

expressing and receiving anger?

Reference list• Detlef R Prozesky, MBChB MCommH PhD (2000). Communication and Effective Teaching.

Journal of Community Eye Health, 13(35), 44–45.

• Kendra Cherry (2010). Types of Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication/a/nonverbaltypes.htm

• Vicki Ritts and James R. Stein. Six Ways To Improve Your Nonverbal Communications. Retrieved from http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/commun-1.htm

• Tan Oon Seng, Richard D. Parsons, Stephanie Lewis Hinson, Deborah Sardo-Brown (2003). Education Psychology: A Practioner-Researcher Approach (An Asian Edition). Singapore: Thomson Learning (a division of Thomson Asia Pte Ltd).

•  • Bizmove.com. Management Skills Resource: Non-Verbal Communication. Retrieved from

http://www.bizmove.com/skills/m8g.htm

• A.N. Okorie (2000). Basic Concepts of Communication in Educational Management. Journal of Teacher Education and Teaching, 4(1), 141-152.

• University of Maine Cooperative Extension (2008). Group Works: Effective Communication, 2008 (Bulletin No. 6103). Maine: Louise Franck Cyr

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