noperation nservice ndiagnosis battery battery electro chemical device 4 functions - source, reserve...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OperationServiceDiagnosis
Battery
![Page 2: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Battery Electro Chemical Device
• 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer• 1. Provides electrical energy to start car.• 2. Provides electrical energy to ignition system• 3. Provides electrical energy to accessories when
demands exceed alternators output• 4. Voltage stabilizer absorbs abnormal voltages created by
electrical components
![Page 3: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Converts chemical energy into electrical energy
![Page 4: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Top post Side post
![Page 5: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
side and top post
• A side and top post is becoming very common today because it will fit so many cars.
![Page 6: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Batteries a little history
• Up to 1955 most batteries were 6 volt• General Motors started the move to 12 volts,
Volkswagen was the last in 1966 to switch over.• Some day cars may have a 42V/14V System.
Several problems lie in wait such as cost of the components. Life of batteries & arcing between components.
![Page 7: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Battery Construction• Elements consist of two groups of plates• One more negative plate than positive with
insulated separators in between • Usually 9, 11, or 13 plates. 54, 66, or 78
total. • Case is made of hard rubber (rough service)
or plastic (light service)
![Page 8: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Battery Construction
![Page 9: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• One element in each cell, connected to the adjoining element, connected in series, each cell produces about 2.1 volts
• Case is divided into 6 cells (12.6 volts) • Case is divided into 4 cells (8.4 volts) Golf carts• Case is divided into 3 cells (6.3 volts)
![Page 10: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Electrolyte64% water 36% Sulfuric acid
• H20-water 64% specific gravity 1.00
• H2S04-sulfuric acid 36% specific gravity 1.835 - caution
• Electrolyte 100% specific gravity 1.270
• Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance. Water is the reference for specific gravity 1.00
![Page 12: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Charged• positive plate negative plate
+ electrolyte - H2S04
Pb02 Pblead peroxide Sponge lead
![Page 13: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Discharge• Oxygen and hydrogen form water, lead and sulfate form
lead sulfate. It is often seen in the plates/electrodes of car batteries, as it is formed when the battery is discharged.
• PbSO4 H20 PbSO4
![Page 14: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Charging sends electrons through in the opposite way reversing the cycle
• Sulfated plates refer to plates harden with lead sulfate
• Slow long charge to correct sulfated plates sometimes it cannot reverse the affects.
• 2 amps 24 hours
![Page 15: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Things to remember
• Little brown particles floating around can short out battery (flakes off of the sulfated plates )
• Batteries can freeze if discharged H2O is water• Charging battery emits oxygen and hydrogen gas -
can explode • When you need to add fluid to a battery, use
distilled water (H2O it replaces the gas that is released H & O2 during gassing.)
![Page 16: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Battery Gassing
During dischargeDuring charge
releases H & O2 during gassing
![Page 17: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Batteries do blow up
![Page 18: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Precautions
• When jumping a battery• When using a charger• When disconnecting a cable• When using any flame source
![Page 19: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Precautions
• Always remove ground terminal first• Connect ground last– Jumper cable/battery charger on block of engine
• Corrosive (Sulfuric acid)
![Page 20: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Battery types• WET CHARGE shipped with electrolyte must
charged during storage• DRY CHARGE shipped empty with no
electrolyte. Manufacture gives forming charge dries the cell elements and seals it. If you keep moisture out it will remain fully charged for long time. When needed just add electrolyte.
![Page 21: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Group size• Batteries come in many different group sizes. A
battery's group size simply determines it's length, width, height, and terminal configuration
• Will have a number like group 75,78 or 24 or 24F, 26, 34
![Page 22: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Battery capacity• 1) Plate size, the case is the same size, plates
are different size. Larger plates more amps• 2) Number of plates• 3) Amount of acid in electrolyte and battery
additives increase the sulfuric acid content of battery.
![Page 23: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Battery capacity rating• Cold Cranking Amperes CCA most common
“Number of amperes load of battery will maintain at 0 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 seconds without battery voltage falling below 7.2 volts” (1.2 volts per cell)
• Size of engine should be smaller than cold cranking ampere rating.
![Page 24: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Do not be misled by CA that’s just Cranking Amps. It will give you a higher reading but it misleads you because it is tested at a higher temperature.
• Cranking amps are the numbers of amperes a lead-acid battery at 32 degrees F (0 degrees C) can deliver for 30 seconds and maintain at least 1.2 volts per cell (7.2 volts for a 12 volt battery).
![Page 25: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Recommended Minimum battery size to buy when you replace it.
• 4-cylinder 400 CCA
• 6-cylinder 500 CCA
• 8-cylinder 575 CCA
![Page 26: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Battery checking visual Inspection
![Page 27: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Battery checking visual Inspection
• Cracked or leaking caseliquid level, add water use distilled water preferred (No minerals) or ice melted out of a freezer
• Voltage can discharge across top from post to post
• Clean battery top and post and cables, battery hold downs
![Page 28: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Visual Inspection
![Page 29: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Mix baking soda and water to clean batteries• clean post and cable with a terminal brush or
post cutter• coat all connections with grease or use a spray
like NOCO NCP-2 Battery corrosion spray• Safety Glasses
Cleaning The Battery
![Page 30: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Battery leakage test • Voltmeter (– negative) lead at negative post• Voltmeter (+ positive) lead drag across battery– No voltage should be present anywhere. If it is clean
the battery.
![Page 31: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Battery Open Circuit Voltage Test• Measure what the voltage is with the key off Find
out it’s state of charge. It is a good starting point, should be at least 12.66 volts
• 12.66 = fully charged• 12.4 = 3/4 charged• 12.2 = 1/2 charged• 12.0 = 1/4 charged
![Page 32: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Battery Terminals & Bolts• Post or top terminal• Side terminal• L terminal used on import• Marine• Stud
![Page 33: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Terminal Test• This is the first step.• Take a voltmeter• DVOM (Digital volt ohm
meter)• Turn to DC Volts• Hook up like picture on
next page.
![Page 35: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Terminal Test
• This is just a voltage drop test done on the battery terminals. You must disable the ignition and crank over the engine.
• Should be under .2 volts. Make sure you do both terminals Positive & Negative
![Page 36: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Battery Drain test
or System drain testThis is done When a battery goes
dead for no apparent reason. Charging system seems to work OK Yet after charging the battery it is dead after several nights.
![Page 37: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Battery Drain test
or System drain test• Ammeter is hooked in series at the
battery post with everything off Make sure you close the door or the courtesy lights will be on
![Page 38: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Battery Drain test
Make sure you change the leads
![Page 39: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Battery Drain test
• Battery Drain Key off• Hook up a ammeter in series reading should
not exceed the following• 77 older cars .01 amps, 10 ma (milliamps)• 78-85 .02 amps-.025 amps, 20-25 ma• 1986 & newer .05 amps, 50 ma
![Page 40: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Open Circuit Voltage Test
• Sealed batteries• Remove surface charge• 12.66 = fully charged• 12.4 = 3/4 charged
Battery Voltage with the car off.
![Page 41: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
A battery Must be 3/4 charged before doing a battery capacity test
![Page 42: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Before load testing - Check the temp.
![Page 43: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Before load testing you must know what the battery is, or
should be rated at
The right battery for the vehicle
![Page 44: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ratings
• Cold cranking Amperes rating CCA• Cranking Amperes rating CA• Ampere-hour rating • Reserve capacity rating• Watt hour rating
![Page 45: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
P - L130 Capacity Test
Three times theampere-hour rating
Formula for load testing
![Page 46: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Cold cranking amps
divided by 2
Formula for load testing
![Page 47: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Three minute charge test
Tests for a sulfated battery• 40 amps for three minutes• Should be below 15.5 volts
![Page 48: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Testing specific gravity
• Hydrometer check before adding water fully charged battery should read 1.270 should not vary more than 50 points between cells if it does recharge and check again
• Maintenance free batteries are sealed, cannot get into some. No way to add water or check specific gravity.
![Page 49: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
State of charge testing
![Page 50: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Hydrometer• Ball Style
![Page 51: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Hydrometer• float Style
![Page 52: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Battery Refractometer
![Page 53: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Charging batteries• Clean up Battery first• Unhook cables - check liquid level• Don't charge over 16 volts. If plates are sulfated
or if battery has been discharged for some time• Slow charge for a long period 24 hours
don't allow temperature to exceed 100 • Never fast charge batteries• Make sure that the battery charger is shut off or
unplugged when hooking up and removing the charger.
![Page 54: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
•Temperature• 0’ = 40%
•Charge•Plate area•Impurities•Gassing
Factors Affecting Charging
![Page 55: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Causes of battery failure
![Page 56: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Causes of failure
• Electrolyte level• Overcharging• Undercharging• Corrosion
• Cycling• Temperature• Vibration
![Page 57: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• Most batteries in cars are 12 volt with negative ground.
• 6 volt older cars and 18 wheelers may have positive ground
![Page 58: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
SAFETY: do not allow battery acid to contact eyes skin or
fabrics if you do flush with lots of water, and get teacher or medical
help flush eyes for 15 minutes
![Page 59: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Jump starting cars• positive to positive • negative to negative• Hook up negative cable last on car with dead
battery on a good ground. Not on the battery. If sparks occur no Hydrogen to blow up
![Page 60: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
battery date tags
![Page 61: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Did You Know Batteries Lose Power While Sitting on the Shelf?
A battery can permanently lose some of its capacity when it's stored in a partly or fully discharged state. Periodic charging during storage can minimize the deterioration, but not all battery distributors and dealers do the necessary charging. That's why you may want to know how to read the date codes, which show when the product was manufactured, on a new product, to help you make sure you're really buying a fresh battery.
So, how do you read a date code?
![Page 62: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Most Brands of BatteriesJOHNSON CONTROLS, INC. - INTERSTATE BATTERIES, Motorcraft, East penn - Deka, GNB -Champion, Stowaway:
The letters and numbers are on a sticker affixed to the battery or hot-stamped into the case cover along the top edges of the battery. The ship date codes begin with a letter: A stands for January, B for February and so on (some shipping codes skip the letter I, so it cannot be confused with the number 1. In those cases, J would represent September, K - October, L - November and M - December). The next digit is a number which represents the year the battery was shipped. Therefore, an A6 would mean the battery was shipped in January of 1996.
![Page 63: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Exceptions DELCO - Freedom, Voyager, and some Sears brands:The code dates are stamped on the cover, usually near the posts. The first character represents the year (0-9) and the second shows the month (A-M, skipping I). For example, 4CN1 would stand for 1994, March.
EXIDE - Napa Legend, Edge, Power-Tron and Titan:
The fourth or fifth character may be a letter code for the month and the following character a number code for the year (i.e. RO8F3B stands for June 1993)
Last 3 pages © 2000 Interstate Battery System of America, Inc.
![Page 64: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
• Always Disconnect the ground cable first. (Negative Cable on cars)
• Always hook up the ground cable last
• If you disconnect the positive first and touch ground you will have sparks.
Removing Batteries
![Page 65: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• Always make sure you have a way to keep the memory alive (Computer, radio, etc) when you replace the battery.
Removing Batteries
![Page 66: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Hooking batteries in series Voltage goes up
![Page 67: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Hooking batteries in parallel Voltage stays the same
Amperage goes up
![Page 68: nOperation nService nDiagnosis Battery Battery Electro Chemical Device 4 Functions - Source, Reserve & Stabilizer 1. Provides electrical energy to start](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103123/56649d155503460f949ea446/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
The EndThat's all for this battery