north african history and culture early peoples - chapter 21:2a -
TRANSCRIPT
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North African History
and Culture
Early Peoples- Chapter 21:2a -
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The Greek historian
Herodotus once referred to Egypt as
being “the Gift of the Nile.”
[Image source: http://www.williston.k12.nd.us/larsen/Unit3%20Egypt/Herodot2.htm]
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Satellite remote-sensing image of
Egypt, showing the Nile River Valley.
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The rich alluvial
soil of the river and the delta provided
good farm land for
the people of Egypt.
[Image source: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/6539/pic.htm]
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Early Egyptians took up farming and grew cereal crops such as wheat and barley.
The Nile also provided Neolithic farmers with ducks and geese in its marshlands and fish in its waters.
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[Image source: http://www.uk.sis.gov.eg/pharo/html/bountfrm.htm]
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[Image source: http://www.uk.sis.gov.eg/pharo/html/bountfrm.htm]
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[Image source: http://www.siue.edu/COSTUMES/COSTUME1_INDEX.HTML#Plate1]
Over time, strong leaders united these villages into
kingdoms, or monarchies,
each under the unrestricted
ruled of a powerful king.
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By 4000 B.C., ancient Egypt consisted of two
large kingdoms . . .
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Lower Egypt in the north,in the Nile Delta, and . . .
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/delta185.gif]
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Upper Egypt in the south, in
the Nile River Valley.
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/upegnom.gif]
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King Narmer (Menes) of
Upper Egypt conquered
Lower Egypt and unified the country circa
3000 B.C.[Image source: http://campus.northpark.edu/history//Classes/Sources/Narmar.html]
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The unification of Upper and
Lower Egypt can be seen in the
combination of the two crowns.
[Image source: http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/OSU_profile/bslweb/afancient.html]
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Narmer (Menes) ruled the unified
kingdom of Egypt from his
new capital, Memphis, which he built on the border between
the two kingdoms.
Memphis
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King Narmer (Menes)
established the first dynasty,
or line of rulers from one family.
[Image source: http://campus.northpark.edu/history//Classes/Sources/Narmar.html]
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Historians have organized ancient Egyptian dynasties into three great periods:
• Old Kingdom (2700 to 2200 B.C.)
• Middle Kingdom (2050 to 1800 B.C.)
• New Kingdom (1600 to 300 B.C.)
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A strong, centralized
national government developed under the Egyptian pharaohs.
[Image source: http://www.siue.edu/COSTUMES/COSTUME1_INDEX.HTML#Plate1]
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The title pharaoh means “great house.”
[Image source: http://www.unites.uqam.ca/dhist/pagesp/pagemg3.htm]
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Egyptian society revolved around providing for the “great house.”
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/society.gif]
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Egypt was a theocracy, where the
pharaoh was both the
religious and political leader
of Egypt.[Image source: http://www.pharaonicarts.com/ramses-horus.htm]
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To honour their god-kings, Egyptians built “houses of eternity,” or pyramids, to entomb their remains.
[http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp./org/orion/eng/hst/egypt/giza.html]
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Egyptians developed one of the
earliest systems of
writing, known as
hieroglyphs.
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The discovery of the Rosetta Stone in A.D.
1799 by allowed later scholars to decipher
hieroglyphs.[Image source:
http://www.bc-freemasonry.com/biography/champollion_jf/rosetta.html]
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Egyptian priests worked out a 365 day calendar that
made it possible to predict the
annual inundation.
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Between 1570 and
1085 B.C., Egypt
expandedits power through
conquest.
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Egypt conquered Israel and parts of Syria to the northeast, and
Libya to the west.
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Thutmose III captured the
important town of
Megiddo which
controlled the trade routes.
[Image source: http://www.eyelid.co.uk/k-q3.htm]
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Egypt’s power began to decline when it came into competition with sea powers like the Phoenicians.
Phoenicians
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The Phoenicians established a network of trading posts
and colonies throughout the Mediterranean Basin.
[Source: World History: Patterns of Civilization (Prentice-Hall]
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-Ezekiel 27:32b-33
“Who was ever . . . like Tyre in the midst of the sea? When your wares came from the seas, you satisfied many peoples; with your great abundance and merchandise you enriched the kings of the earth.”
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Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, conquered Egypt in the late-300s B.C., as he dismantled the once mighty Persian Empire.
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http://1stmuse.com/frames/alex-synopsys.html#Granicus
Alexander would build a city in Egypt and name it
after himself.
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The Romans would later absorb Egypt into its growing empire in the late-first century B.C.
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After the Roman Empire was divided in A.D. 395, the eastern half became
known as the Byzantine Empire.
[Image source: http://www.american.edu/dgolash/romanemp400ad5.jpg]
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The Eastern Roman Empire managed to escape many of the barbarian invasions that threatened the stability of the West.