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North America Region North America Region ––Geothermal developments Geothermal developments and opportunitiesand opportunitiesLuis C.A. Gutiérrez‐NegrínGeocónsul, SA de CVENAL, SA de CVMexican Geothermal Association
38th GRC Annual Meeting and GEA Geothermal Energy ExpoPortland, OR, Sept 28 ‐ Oct 1, 2014
International Panel
Geothermal power in the region
Country MWUnited States 3,442.0Philippines 1,848.0Indonesia 1,341.0Mexico 1,017.4New Zealand 960.0Italy 875.5Iceland 664.4Japan 537.0Kenya 267.5Costa Rica 207.1El Salvador 204.4Turkey 166.6Nicaragua 149.5Russia 81.9Papua‐New Guinea (Lihir Island) 56.0Guatemala 48.0Portugal (Azores Islands) 28.5China (Includes Tibet) 27.0France (Guadeloupe I. and Alsace) 17.0Germany 11.9Ethiopia 8.0Austria 1.4Australia 1.0Thailand 0.3
Total 11,961.4
- Geothermal power installed capacity in the region: 4,459.4 MW (37.2% of the total)- Running capacity: 3,528 MW (29.6% of the total)
CANADA
UNITED STATES
MEXICO
Canada: Potential geothermal resources & applications
Application / Temperature
Hydrothermal (conventional)
Hot Sedimentary Aquifers
(Co-produced fluids)
Enhanced Geothermal
Systems
Offshore geothermal
Commercial Hot Springs
Other Direct Uses
Province 120°C - 300°C 70°C - 150°C 80°C - 500°C Wide range 25°C - 42°C 20°C - 150°C
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
British Columbia
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Ontario
Quebec
Newfoundland
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
Source: Canadian Geothermal Projects Overview 2103, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CanGEA).
Current Geothermal Direct Uses in CanadaBalneology‐ 158 identified hot springs in Western Canada.‐ Only 22 are currently used for recreational and therapeutic purposes in resorts and spas, out of which:‐ Two are located in Alberta: Banff and Miette.‐ 18 are in BC: Ainsworth, Ahousat, Canyon, Fairmont, Halcyon, Harrison, Cove, Hotspring Island, Iskut River, Liard, Lussier, Meager Creek, Mount Layton, Naskup, Radium, Ram Creek and Skookumchuck / St. Agnes .‐ One is in Yukon: Takhini‐‐ And one in Saskatchewan: Temple Gardens Mineral Waters.
Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHP)Low heat temperature resources for GHP can be found all over Canada.
Source: Canadian Geothermal Projects Overview 2103, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CanGEA)
Current Geothermal Power Projects under Development in Canada
Source: Canadian Geothermal Projects Overview 2103, Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CanGEA)
Project Developer Province/ Territory Status / Capacity
Canoe Reach
Borealis GeoPower
British Columbia
Feasibility phase. Permit / ~15 MW
Lillooet AlterraPower
British Columbia
Unclear status. Permit.
South Meager Ram Power British
ColumbiaUnclear status. Lease / ~200 MW
Pebble Creek Tecto Energy British
ColumbiaFeasibility phase. Permit / 200 MW
Lakelse Borealis GeoPower
British Columbia
Feasibility phase.Permit.
Rafferty
Deep Earth Energy Production Corp.
Saskatchewan Feasibility phase. Permit / ~5 MW
Canadian National Geothermal Database and Provincial Resource Estimate MapsALBERTA GEOTHERMAL FAVOURABILITY MAPS The Alberta Favourability Map
project includes an estimate of Theoretical and Technical Potential as detailed by the methodology in the Global Protocol for Estimating and Mapping Geothermal Potential endorsed by the IGA. More info at: http://www.cangea.ca/alberta‐favourability‐maps.html
US: Geothermal Installed Capacity (MW) in 2012 & 2013
Total: 3,386Total: 3,442 (1.6%)
Sources: 2013 Annual U.S. Geothermal Power Production and Development Report (GEA, Apr. 2013) 2014 Annual U.S. & Global Geothermal Power Production Report (GEA, Feb. 2014)
2,7322,711
518566
3333
1616
11
3838
4873
04
Geothermal Running Capacity (MW) in 2012 & 2013
Total: 2,593Total: 2,690 (3.7%)
Source: Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2013 (US DOE’s EIA, Feb. 2014)
2,0922,155
384404
1818
1010
11
4343
4557
02
14.4
14.8 14.7 14.6 14.614.8
15.015.2 15.3
15.6
16.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gene
ratio
n in TWh
Geothermal Power Generation and Average CF
StateGeneration (GWh) Variation
2012 2013
California 12,519 12,813 2.3%
Nevada 2,347 2,812 19.8%
Utah 335 348 3.9
Hawaii 261 275 5.4
Oregon 26 165 534.6%
Idaho 75 103 37.3%
Total 15,562 16,517 6.1%
74.7 73.3 71.9 71.868.2
66.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2013 (US DOE’s EIA, Feb. 2014)
Geothermal Projects Under Development
25
5
607
20
63
176
61
20
State Developing PCA1
Additions (2014‐2023)2
Alaska 25 0
Arizona 5 0
California 607 418.7
Colorado 20 0
Idaho 63 0
Nevada 176 33.8
Oregon 61 0
Utah 20 35.0
Total 977 487.5
Developing Planned Capacity Additions (PCA), after GEA, 2014 (Capacity in MW).25Planned US Electric Generation Unit Additions, after EIA, 2014 (Capacity in MW)
Sources: 1GEA, 2014. 2014 Annual U.S. & Global Geothermal Power Production Report. Feb. 2014.2EIA, 2014. Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2013. Feb. 2014
Nevada2014: 8.82015: 25.0
California2015: 49.02017: 89.92018: 180.02020: 99.8
Utah2019: 35.0
Mexico: Geothermal Installed & Running Capacity
FieldCapacity (MW)
Installed RunningCerro Prieto 720 570Los Azufres 194 191Los Humeros 93.4 68.4Las Tres Vírgenes 10 10
Total 1017.4 839.4Geothermal-electric generation in 2013: 6,070 GWhAll fields and power units are owned and operated by CFE.A fifth field with potential of 75 MW.
Geothermal Fields in Operation
Capacity: 720 MW (installed), 570 MW (in operation)Wells: 160 production and 17 injectionProduction: 35 million tons of steam (60 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 4,000 GWh(~34% of the Baja California grid)
Capacity: 194 MW (installed), 191 MW (in operation)Wells: 40 production and 6 injectionProduction: 15 million tons of steam (4.5 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 1,500 GWhOne additional 50-MW plant in construction
Capacity: 93.4 MW (installed), 68.4 MW (in operation)Wells: 23 production and 2 injectionProduction: 5.5 million tons of steam (0.7 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 340 GWhOne additional 25-MW plant in construction
Capacity: 10 MW (installed and running)Wells: 4 production and 1 injectionProduction: 0.8 million tons of steam (2.4 million tons of brine)Annual power generation: 55 GWh(~half of local electric demand)
Total installed capacity:53,455 MW
Annual generation:257,860 GWh
Power Sources for Public Service in 2013
Former Structure of the Power Market (before the Energy Reform)Generation Dispatch Transmission Distribution Customers
MW % of TotalComisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) 40,604 65.0Independent Power Producers (IPP) 12,851 20.6
- Total for Public Service 53,455 85.6Self-supplying, co-generation, etc. 9,020 14.4
- Total Installed Capacity 62,475 100.0
New Structure of the Power Market (after the Energy Reform)
Generation
IPPs on CFE’sbehalf
Private co‐generators
Private representatives of generators
Transmission & Distribution
JV (The State & private investors)
Wholesale public power market, controlled by the new, autonomous CENACE
CommercializationDispatch
Commercial participants
Basic customers
Qualified customers
Main Operations and Actors in the New Power Market
SPOT MARKET
AUCTIONS
Operation control & power market
Generation
IPPs on CFE’sbehalf
Private co‐generators
Private generators & representatives of generators
Commercialization
Private commercial participants
Consumption
Qualified users
Basic users
Short‐term purchases & sales
Long‐term contracts Fixed tariffs
Elements to Boost the Geothermal Deployment
Pollutant emissions certificates. The CRE will issue a certificate for pollutants emitted by all power plants in operation. This can be traded in the wholesale power market (WPM).
Clean energy certificates. The CRE will issue a title to certify the production of electric energy produced by renewable sources or clean technologies. These titles would also be traded in the WPM.
Certificados de emisión de contaminantes
Certificados de energías limpias
The New Geothermal Law
The new Geothermal Energy Law (and the reform to three articles of the current National Waters Law) to regulate the reconnaissance, exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy to produce electricity or heat for direct uses.
The New CEMIE‐Geo
‐ Consortium of public and private universities, research institutes and companies.
‐ Started last February to develop 30 projects over the following 4 years.
The New Geothermal Energy Law
Stage Recon‐naissance Exploration Exploitation
Legal requirement Registration Permit ConcessionDuration 8 months 3 years (plus 3 years) 30 years (or more)
ActivitiesRegional geology & geochemistry
‐ Detailed geology and geochemistry‐ Geophysical surveys‐ Drilling of 1 up to 5 exploration wells‐ Related civil works
‐ Drilling of production & injection wells‐ Superficial installations‐ Plant construction & installation‐ Field management
‐ Geothermal areas of 150 km2 or less‐ Applicable to CFE, other state companies and private developers‐ Registrations, permits and concessions are mandatory, and cannot be sold but be
given to partners or associates‐ Applicants must have experience in geothermal development‐ Possibility of joint exploitation of the same reservoir under two different
concessions‐ All brine must be re‐injected to the reservoir‐ Technical information obtained in the exploration permit must be given to SENER
More about the New Geothermal Energy Law‐ SENER will rule on the admissibility of applications for occupation of lands with
probable geothermal resources at the subsurface (through the INDAABIN).‐ Registro de Geotermia: SENER will create and maintain updated a national record
with lists of permits and concessions granted or rejected, modifications, extensions, areas, etc. It will be public.
‐ Concessions can be tendered when the concessionaire declines, or the concession is subject to early termination, revocation or forfeiture of the title.
‐ CFE has up to Dec 10th 2014 to request the SENER all the geothermal areas it wishes to continue doing work of exploration or exploitation. SENER has up to April 8th 2015 to inform the final decision,
‐ In projects that are not of interest to the CFE, it may associate with private investors to develop some of them. The rest will be tendered.
‐ CFE have the right to sell the technical information generated as result of its past reconnaissance and exploration activities through public tenders.
‐ Preferential right to request permits or concessions for private projects (Domo San Pedro and Ceboruco Volcano) already started when the law was passed.
‘Round 0’ for CFE
‘Round 0.5’ for early private developers
Perspectives: Total Geothermal Potential
Reserves (CFE) Resources
Hot dry rock (EGS) minimum potential (≥ 150°C):
ConfidenceLowerHigher
Hydrothermal potential (≥ 150°C): 2,336 MW