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TRANSCRIPT
Reliability and PQ Impacts of the Smart Grid
Bill Howe, PEProgram Manager, Power QualityEPRI (USA)
October 28, 2009
2009 North American Power Quality Interest Group Workshop
2 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
What is the “Smart Grid?”
3 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
EPRI’s R&D Supporting Industry’s Challenges & Expectations
• National Drivers & Motivation• Roadmap for Interoperability Standards• PHEV Integration• PV & Storage Integration• Energy Efficiency• Smart Distribution for Improved Volt/Var
Control• Bringing it Together through Industry
Wide Deployments
The fundamental expectation of the electric power industry, in this computer-controlled, internet connected age, is to meet growing demand;
cleanly, reliably and sustainably; at low cost.
4 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
EPRI is Testing Multiple Local Area Network Architectures for Demand Response
Gateways• Custom Box• Smart Circuit
Breaker Panel• PC/Router
Display Device• Feedback Effect
DR-Ready Appliances• Functional Specs• Communications
Advanced Meters• Energy Mgmt• Security
5 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
A Smart Grid can…
Enhance Energy Efficiency–Energy-Use Feedback–Continuous Commissioning–Precise Measurement & Verification–Distribution Efficiency
Make Demand Response more–Automated–Ubiquitous–Cost-effective
Reliable as a Resource
6 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
The Smart Meter as the Hub
7 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
PEV Standards Development
• PEV to Grid Communications– SAE J2293 / J2836: Communications
between the vehicle and grid.– Zigbee / Homeplug Alliance Smart
Energy 2.0: Common Messaging for PEV communication
• Charging Connector– SAE J1772: North America and Japan
charging connector due mid 2009
• Power Quality and Energy Efficiency– SAE J2894: New standard for on-
board chargers
• National Smart Grid Standards– National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) is working on mainstreaming standards associated with Smart Grid Technology
EVSEEVSE
1234512345
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PremiseHANPremise Meter
Sub Meter
Mainstream
Interim
MeterMeter
SubMeterSub
MeterSub
Meter
Transformer
MeterMeter
SubMeterSub
Meter
Two vehicles in same garage
8 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 20092/5/2009 Workstream 3 Non-AMI Requirements
Kick Off8
*EMS = Energy Management System** A system upstream of the premise meter, e.g., Distribution Automation or other equivalent system
EVS EPL
C XFacility EMS*
Internet
GM OnStar Utility Load
Control System**
Utility Systems
Operations Center
Telemati cs Server
2
3
4
5
System‐wideEnergy Management
Local Energy Management
AMI1
6
Key is a Standard Languagethat operate with optional Bridge
Communication Transports
AMI Compatible
Smart Charging – Numerous Solutions
9 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
02
46
810
1214
1618
2022
Jan Fe
b Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun Ju
lAu
g Sep Oct Nov D
ec
010002000300040005000600070008000900010000
KW
Hour
Month
EPRI PHEV Distribution System Impacts – Need for Modeling/Simulation
Regulator
900kvar
900kvar300kvar
900kvar
900kvar
900kvar
Capacitor
Substation
• Flexibility in Model Development
High-fidelity distribution feeder models
Spatial and temporal variation of circuit loads and PHEV Loads
Dynamic simulation of full electrical model serving PHEV loads through annual load cycle
Residential transformers are the first assets significantly impacted
10 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
Beyond End Use Efficiency and Distribution Losses Peak Demand Reduction & Customer Energy Efficiency
SectionalizersDistributed Regulators
Substation Regulators
Capacitor Banks
Communication Network
Advanced Distribution Optimization
RealtimeMetering
SectionalizersDistributed Regulators
Substation Regulators
Capacitor Banks
Communication Network
Advanced Distribution Optimization
RealtimeMetering
Progress Carolinas Distribution System Demand Response (DSDR) Program Filing
Reduce peak demand – 247MW
Program CostO&M: $30.6M Capital: $229.4M, 5 Years
Dominion Virginia Power Energy Conservation Plan Filing1.1 Million MWhr savings through AMI enabled voltage conservation for 80% of customers
$600M investment needed
Feeder Voltage Optimization Enables Peak Demand Reduction and Reducing Customer Losses
What are the impacts on End User sensitivity?
11 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
Issues We’ll Be Watching for ….
• Avoiding increased capacitor switching transients• Ensuring we don’t see increased harmonic resonance
SectionalizersDistributed Regulators
Substation Regulators
Capacitor Banks
Communication Network
Advanced Distribution Optimization
RealtimeMetering
SectionalizersDistributed Regulators
Substation Regulators
Capacitor Banks
Communication Network
Advanced Distribution Optimization
RealtimeMetering
12 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
Important Equipment Sensitivity Issues
• Ensure that voltage-level-sensitive equipment is not impacted
13 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
What is the “Smart Grid?”
• Short Term– Intelligent Meters– Increased implementation of known
methods– Data, data, data …
• Medium Term– Wide integration of new loads like
PHEV chargers– Wide integration of new energy
sources like residential PV• Long Term
– Actual changes to the grid, like intelligent transformers, solid-state power flow controls, etc.
14 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
Anticipated Short-Term Positive Impacts of the Smart Grid
• Improved Reliability through Advance Distribution Automation• Increased deployment of distributed generation and other
assets• Support for integrating residential PV• Support for PHEV• Increased monitoring and data resources
15 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
For More Information
• Bill Howe, PE
Program Manager, PQ Program (P1)Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)tel: 720-565-6888 (USA)email: [email protected]