north zone training manual truck module section 300

North Zone Training Manual Truck Module Section 300

LADDERS

Table of Contents Department Information Section Introduction 300.00 Ladder Removal 301.00 Ladder Carries 302.00 Ladder Raises 303.00 Ladder Skills 304.00

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 300.00 July 1, 2005 Page 1 of 3 INTRODUCTION The three major objectives of fire ground operations are Rescue, Fire Control, and Property Conservation. In order to obtain these objectives, firefighters must perform a variety of tasks using a variety of tools. Ladders, if used correctly, are a valuable and necessary fire ground tool. This ladder chapter has been developed to provide personnel with a step-by-step procedure for learning standardized ladder operations. To obtain terminology, types of ladders, and general ladder data, refer to the most recent edition of IFSTA "Fire Service Ground Ladder Practices". IFSTA text is referenced for many of the chapters in this training manual. It is the responsibility of all personnel to know the capabilities of all Department ladders, and maintain a high level of training and efficiency when using Department ladders. LADDER COMMANDS Communications and teamwork are vital when using ground ladders. Whether ground ladders are being used on the fire ground or during training, personnel must be able to communicate ladder commands, and have a thorough knowledge of Department standardized ladder operations. To eliminate any confusion during ladder operations, the butt person (Ladder Commander) will give all commands. The following key points will assist personnel in mastering the ladder techniques necessary in performing a safe and fluid ladder operation.

1. Always carry the ladder on the right side of your body. (Not applicable for 3-person 35' ladder evolutions, or reversing out an evolution.)

2. Always carry the ladder using the straight-arm carry technique. (Not

applicable for 3-person 35' ladder evolutions, or one-man evolutions.)

3. Always foot the ladder with your left foot. EXCEPTION: When you are the ladder commander and the ladder is in the vertical position, the ladder commander will foot the ladder on the same beam as the tip person. This will place the ladder commander in the position to foot the ladder with

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 300.00 July 1, 2005 Page 2 of 3

his/her right foot. (3-person ladder operations will have a modified footing technique)

4. Always think safety. Look for overhead obstructions. The following commands have been chosen to provide personnel with a standard communication system during ladder operations The commands are arranged so that a safe, organized ladder operation is accomplished without any confusion. The following ladder commands are in the order they will occur if the ladder is being picked up from the ground. -- "Beam Ladder" (Not used on three man evolution) -- "Pick-Up Ladder" -- "Forward", "Ladder Coming Through", Etc. -- "Beam Raise" or "Flat Raise" -- “Shift” (Three man evolution only) -- “Clear Overhead” -- "Raise the Flies", "Fingers and Toes", "Dogs Locked" -- "Ladder-In" -- "Ladder-Out" -- "Lower the Flies", "Fingers and Toes" and "Dogs Locked" -- "Take it Out on the Beam" and "Clear” or "Take it Out Flat" and "Clear" -- "Last Rung Coming, Last Rung" -- “Forward”, “Ladder Coming Through”, Etc. -- “Shift” (Three man evolution only) -- “Stop”

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 300.00 July 1, 2005 Page 3 of 3 -- "Beam Ladder" (Not used on three man evolution) -- "Bed Ladder" If the ladder is being removed or replaced on the fire apparatus, the following commands are used. -- "Remove Ladder from Apparatus" “Place Ladder on Apparatus”

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 301.00 July 1, 2005 Page 1 of 2 REMOVING LADDERS FROM APPARATUS Removing a Roof Ladder or 24' Extension Ladder - One Person 1. Before removing a ladder from a piece of apparatus, be

sure to remove the "Skull Saver" from the butt end of the ladder. Release the ladder locking devices making sure the ladders are secure and will not fall from the apparatus. This can be accomplished by maintaining contact with the ladder with one hand and releasing the locking devices with your other hand.

2. Once the locking devices have been removed, take a

position at the balance point of the ladder. Position your body facing the butt end of the ladder. Place your right hand under the lower beam of the ladder and your left hand on the top beam slightly forward of the balance point. Slide the ladder clear of the ladder brackets and proceed to your objective.

Removing a Roof Ladder or Extension Ladder - Two Person 1. Before removing the ladders from the apparatus, be sure

to remove the "Skull Saver" from the butt end of the ladder. Release the ladder locking devices making sure the ladders are secure and will not fall from the apparatus. This can be accomplished by each person keeping one hand in contact with the ladder at all times.

2. Once the locking devices have

been removed, one firefighter shall take position facing the ladder at the butt end and grasp the first and second

rungs. The second firefighter shall take a position facing the ladder at the tip end and grasp the first and second rungs. The ladder commander will give the command "REMOVE LADDER FROM APPARATUS". The ladder will be pulled away


from the ladder brackets. Once the ladder is removed and in the carrying position, proceed to your objective.

Removing a 35' Extension Ladder - Three Person 1. Before removing the ladder from the

apparatus, be sure to remove the "Skull Saver" from the butt end of the ladder. . Release the ladder locking devices making sure the ladder is secure and will not fall from the apparatus. This can be accomplished by each person keeping one hand in contact with the ladder at all times.

1. Once the locking devices have been removed, one firefighter shall take a position facing the ladder at the butt end and grasp the first and second rungs. Thsecond firefighter shall take a position facing the ladder at the tip end and grasp the first and second rungs. The third firefighter will take a position facing the ladder in between t

e

the ip and butt person. 2. The ladder commander will give the command "REMOVE LADDER FROM

APPARATUS". The ladder will be positioned in a two-person carry. The third firefighter will come around to the middle on the opposite side of the ladder. He/She will lift that side of the ladder into a three person flat carry.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 302.00 July 1, 2005 Page 1 of 7 CARRYING LADDERS Carrying a Roof or Straight Ladder - One Person 1. With the ladder lying on the ground, take a

position so the ladder is on your left side. Position yourself so that you are at the balance point of the ladder facing the tip end of the ladder.

2. Grasp the beam nearest to your body and lift up

and away from your body until the ladder is resting on its’ beam. Once the ladder is in the beam position, in one fluid motion, take one step towards the ladder.

3. From the kneeling position, stand up, lifting the

ladder with your legs, keeping your back straight. 4. Once you have completed lifting the ladder, in

one fluid motion, pivot your body towards the butt end of the ladder, and bring the ladder to rest on your right shoulder using your right hand to carry the load of the ladder. Your left hand shall be placed on the top beam. Once the ladder is at


the shoulder position and stable, slide your left hand forward slightly beyond the balance point.

5. The ladder shall be carried butt forward with the lower beam resting in your right palm. The opposite hand is placed on the upper beam forward of the balance point. The one person carries are executed with the butt of the ladder angled slightly down.

6. To lower the ladder, reverse the procedure.

While beginning to lower the ladder, pivot towards the tip of the ladder.

7. As you continue to lower the ladder, pivot

your body until you are facing the opposite direction (tip end).

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 302.00 July 1, 2005 Page 3 of 7 8. In one fluid motion, continue from the pivot position to lowering the ladder to

the beam position. Step away from the ladder and lower to the flat (bed) position.

Straight Ladder Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 01

Carrying a 24' Extension Ladder - One Person 1. With the ladder lying on the ground take a

position so that the ladder is on your left side. Position yourself so that you are at the balance point of the ladder, facing the tip end of the ladder. Same as it was done with the straight ladder.

2. Grasp the beam nearest to your body and lift up

and away from your body so that the ladder is resting on the beam. Once the ladder is in the beam position, take one step towards the ladder (the bed section of the ladder should be next to your body).

3. Once the ladder has been placed on it’s beam,

walk to the tip of the ladder maintaining contact with your left hand.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 302.00 July 1, 2005 Page 4 of 7 4. Once you have reached the tip of the ladder lift the ladder with your left

hand and pivot your body towards the butt end of the ladder. Make sure that the pivot is not made until you have completed lifting the ladder (Lift with your legs). Upon completing the pivot, the lower beam of the ladder should be resting in the palm of your right hand. Your left hand will be supporting the top beam of the ladder. The ladder should be at shoulder height at this time.

5. Walk forward towards the balance point of the ladder maintaining hand

contact with the beams of the ladder. Once the balance point is reached, dip your knees slightly to aid in bringing the ladder to the carrying (horizontal) position. Once the ladder is stable in the carrying position, slide your left (top) hand one or two rungs beyond the balance point to stabilize the ladder. The ladder is now ready to be carried to your objective.

6. The ladder is carried butt forward with the bed section of the ladder next to your body. The bottom beam shall be placed in the palm of your right hand at shoulder height at the balance point. The ladder is not to be carried directly on the shoulder. Your left hand shall be placed slightly forward of the balance point, assuring the butt of the ladder is pointing slightly downward.

Extension Ladder: One Person Beam Raise – Ladder Form 02

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 302.00 July 1, 2005 Page 5 of 7 Carrying an Extension Ladder - Two Person 1. With the ladder lying on the ground, bed section

down, both firefighters will be facing the tip of the ladder. The ladder will be to the left side of both firefighters. One firefighter shall be positioned at each end of the ladder between the first and second rung.

2. Grasp the beam nearest to your body. On the

command "BEAM LADDER", lift up and away from your body until the ladder is resting on its beam. As the ladder is being raised to the beam position, take one step towards the ladder.

1. On the command "PICK-UP-LADDER", both

firefighters lift the ladder with their left hand. Once both firefighters are in the standing position, in one fluid motion, pivot so that you are facing the butt end of the ladder. Hand placement should be between the first and second rung or around the last rung if at tip position. The tip person, or the butt person in reverse operations, shall secure the ladder by grasping the rung directly in front of him/her. The ladder should be secured firmly against the crook of the elbow and pulled in tight against the upper portion of the arm.

4. To lower the ladder the operation is reversed. On the command "BEAM

LADDER", both firefighters grasp the top beam of the ladder with their left hand. In a fluid motion the firefighters shall pivot towards the tip of the ladder and lower the ladder to its beam. Once the ladder is resting on it’s beam, the command "BED LADDER" is given and the firefighters lower the ladder to the bed position.


Extension Ladder Two Person Beam or Flat Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 03 or 04

Carrying an Extension Ladder - Three Person 1. With the ladder lying on the ground, bed

section down, the ladder commander will position at the butt end of the ladder between the first and second rung facing the tip end of the ladder. The second firefighter will position at the tip end of the ladder between the first and second rung facing the tip end of the ladder. The third firefighter will position at the balance point of the ladder on the opposite side of the ladder commander and the tip person. All three firefighters should be facing the tip of the ladder.

2. On the command "PICK-UP-LADDER" all

three firefighters will grasp the beam closest to their bodies and lift the ladder. Once all three firefighters are in the standing position, in one fluid motion, pivot towards the butt end of the ladder. The ladder should be resting in the palm of the hand at shoulder height. The ladder is now ready to be carried to the objective.

3. To lower the ladder the process is reversed. Facing the butt end (if not in

the reverse position) the ladder commander will give the command "BED LADDER". All three firefighters will place their outside hands on the top beam of the ladder and pivot towards the tip end of the ladder. In one fluid


motion all three firefighters will lower the ladder to the ground. The ladder should now be in the "BED" position.

Extension Ladder: Three Person Flat Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 05


RAISING LADDERS Raising Roof or Straight Ladders - One Person 1. Upon nearing the objective to be laddered, check for overhead obstructions. 2. Lower the butt end of the ladder so that the

lower beam, butt end of the ladder, is in contact with the ground. Raise the ladder, on the beam, to the vertical position by pushing upward on the bottom beam and pulling downward on the top beam.

3. Once the ladder is stable in the vertical

position, your left foot should immediately be positioned footing the beam closest to the objective being laddered.

4. Once you have the ladder stable and the butt

end of the ladder is properly footed, pivot the ladder away from your body pushing it with your right hand. Your left foot shall remain footing the ladder.

5. To lower the ladder into the building hold the

beams with your hands at shoulder height. Place your left foot on the bottom rung of the ladder and lower the ladder into the building.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 2 of 16 6. To check for the proper climbing angle, face the

ladder with your toes touching the butt end beams of the ladder. Your arms should be held straight out from your body as if you were going to grasp a rung. If your fingertips touch the rung in front of you, you have obtained the proper climbing angle.

7. The four points of contact should be checked at the

same time as the climbing angle. Face the ladder, grasp both beams at shoulder height, and attempt to rock the ladder back and forth gently. If the ladder is in solid contact with the objective being laddered, there is no need to move the ladder. If one side of the ladder is not in contact with the objective, reposition the ladder until both beams are in contact with the objective and the ground.

8. To adjust the ladder to the proper climbing angle

and the four points of contact, position yourself so that you are off to either side of the ladder. Grasp the second and fifth rung and move the base of the ladder in or out for proper climbing angle and sideways for four points of contact.

9. To remove the ladder from the objective reverse the

procedure. Face and grasp the ladder at shoulder height. Place your left foot on the bottom rung of the ladder and pull the ladder away from the building to the vertical position.

10. Once the ladder is in the vertical position, place your left

foot at the butt of the ladder on the outside of the left beam. Pivot the ladder towards your body.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 3 of 16 11. Before lowering the ladder, visually check to make sure

the area is clear. Give the warning command "CLEAR" and proceed to lower the ladder.

12. When the balance point is reached, lower the

ladder to shoulder height. Once the ladder is at shoulder height, dip your knees slightly and bring the butt end of the ladder up to the carrying position.

13. Once the ladder is in the carrying position, it may be necessary to reverse

the ladder so that it can be carried away from the objective. To reverse the ladder, pivot towards the ladder and lower the ladder to the

level of your chest. Support the ladder with both hands grasping the top beam.

14. Next pivot towards the tip of the ladder while lifting the ladder to the carrying position. You will now be facing the tip of the ladder. The ladder will be on your left side. Your left hand will be supporting the lower beam, and your right hand will be supporting the top beam. Once you are in the carrying position proceed away.

Straight Ladder: One Person Beam Raise Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 01

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 4 of 16 Raising a 24' Extension Ladder - One Person 1. Upon nearing the objective to be laddered, check

for overhead obstructions. Lower the butt end of the ladder so the lower beam is in contact with the ground. Raise the ladder, on the beam, to the vertical position by pushing upward on the bottom beam and pulling downward on the top beam.

2. Once the ladder is stable in the vertical position,

your left foot should immediately be positioned footing the beam closest to the objective. Your hands should be positioned with one hand on each beam at shoulder height. Proper footing and hasupport of the ladder will facilitate safely securing the ladde

nd

r into position.

objective.

3. Once you have the ladder in the vertical position

and the butt end properly footed, pivot the ladder away from your body, pushing the ladder with yourright hand. Your left foot shall remain footing the ladder during the pivoting step. The fly section of the ladder should be towards to the

4. Once the ladder has been pivoted, wrap your left foot

around the left beam of the ladder so that the instep of your foot is around the backside of the beam. Slide your hands from the beams to the halyard. Your elbows should be pointing outward, forearms against the beams to provide ladder support while raising the fly section of the ladder.

5. Once the ladder is secure in the vertical position, pull the halyard hand-over-

hand until the fly section is at the height necessary for the task. While extending the fly section of the ladder, maintain eye contact with the tip to assure clearance of any overhead obstructions. Make sure the dogs are locked before releasing the halyard.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 5 of 16 6. Place your left foot on the bottom rung of the ladder.

Grasp both beams at shoulder height and ladder into the building.

7. Before adjusting the ladder for proper climbing angle and four

points of contact, the halyard shall be tied off utilizing the prescribed "Bangor Knot".

8. To ladder out from the building, the operation is reversed. The

halyard is untied. Your left foot should be placed on the bottom rung of the ladder. Grasp the beams with your hands at shoulder height. Pull the ladder away from the building. Keep your eyes on the tip of the ladder to assure clearance of overhead obstructions.

9. Remove your left foot from the bottom rung and position it at

the butt of the ladder utilizing the instep of your foot. Position your hands from the beams of the ladder to the halyard. Raise the fly section slightly to release the locks. Lower the fly section until it is locked in the retracted position.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 6 of 16 10. Pivot the ladder towards your body while maintaining beam contact with your left foot. 11. Before lowering the ladder, the command "CLEAR" shall be given. Walk the ladder down to the balance point, and in one fluid motion while slightly bending your knees, lift the ladder to the carrying position. Proceed away from the objective. 12. To lower the ladder to the ground the procedure is reversed. Place the butt

of the ladder on the ground. 13. Walk backwards, supporting the ladder with your hands on the beams.

Once you have reached the tip of the ladder, pivot towards the tip of the ladder while lowering the ladder to the ground.

14. Turn and walk back to the balance point while supporting the top beam.

Bend down and lower the ladder to a flat position (Bed Ladder).

Extension Ladder: One Person Beam Raise Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 02

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 7 of 16 Raising a 24' - 35' Extension Ladder - Two Person Beam Raise

1.

e

rom

opportunity to prepare for raising the ladder.

2. nd of the

ill up to the vertical position.

3.

er

ith their hands on the beams of the ladder at shoulder height.

4. er

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ogs are locked and will give the command "DOGS LOCKED".

Upon nearing the objective to be laddered, the ladder commander will assure that the area is clear of all overhead obstructions and give thcommand "BEAM RAISE". This command shall be given at a far enough distance fthe objective to allow the tip person the

Once the objective to be laddered is reached, the ladder commander will spot the lower beam of the ladder on the ground, step around the eladder, and foot the beam with his/her left foot. The tip person wimmediately begin walking the ladder

Once the ladder is in the vertical position, the tip person will immediately foot the left beam with the left foot, and the butt person will foot the same beam with the right foot. The laddis now pivoted towards the building, fly section against the building. Both firefighters will hold the ladder w

With the ladder supported in the vertical position, the laddcommander will give the command "RAISE THE FLYS, FINGERS AND TOES". The tip person will raise the fly section(s) of the ladder by pulling on the halyard hand ovehand until the desired height is reached. Both firefighters should maintain eye contact with the tip of the ladder to assureclearance of overhead obstructions. Once the desired height has been reached, the ladder commander will assure the d


5. The ladder commander will give the command "LADDER-IN". The ladder commander will take one step backwards while the tip person places his/her left foot on the bottom rung. The ladder will now be lowered into the objective slowly and under control. 6. Once the ladder is resting against the objective, the butt

person will tie the ladder halyard off using the prescribe method. Once the ladder is tied off, the ladder commander will give the command "CHECK PROPER CLIMBING ANGLE AND FOUR POINTS OF CONTACT". The ladder shall be adjusted with the firefighters positioning on either side of the ladder and grasping the ladder on the 2nd and 5th rungs. The ladder can now be safely adjusted. The ladder is now ready to climb. The final command will be “PROPER CLIMBING ANGLE AND FOUR POINTS OF CONTACT, LADDER READY TO CLIMB.”

To lower the ladder the operation is reversed. Untie the halyard and place it out of the way. The ladder commander will give the command "LADDER OUT". The tip person will place his/her left foot on the bottom rung and have hands on the beams of the ladder. The ladder commander will place his/her hands on the beams and take one step forward. The ladder will be raised to the vertical position. This entire step should be performed in one fluid motion.

8. Once the ladder is in the vertical position and the ladder is

properly footed, the ladder commander will give the command "LOWER THE FLYS, FINGERS AND TOES". The tip person will lower the fly section(s) utilizing the halyard hand over hand. Once the fly section(s) are lowered, the ladder commander will give the command "DOGS LOCKED".


9. The ladder is now ready to be lowered. The ladder commander

Once the ladder has been pivoted the ladder commander will give the n to

n

Once the tip person has reached the tip of the

m the

will give the command "TAKE IT OUT ON THE BEAM". While maintaining proper footing on the ladder, both firefighters will pivot the ladder.

10.

command "CLEAR". The tip person will begin walking the ladder dowthe horizontal position hand over hand. The ladder commander will maintaifooting of the ladder while grasping the top beam with both hands to assist the tip person with stabilization of the ladder while it is being lowered. The ladder commander will give the command "LAST RUNG COMING" as the tip person nears the last 1/3 of the ladder. The ladder commander will give the command "LAST RUNG" as the tip person nears the last rung of the ladder.

11.

ladder, he/she will pivot towards the ladder andplace his/her arm through and between the 1st and 2nd rung and assume the carrying position.The ladder commander will pivot around the butt of the ladder, maintaining contact with the top beam with his / her right hand. The ladder commander should now be facing away frotip of the ladder with the right hand maintaining contact with the top beam.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 10 of 16 12. ow stand up and

er

xtension Ladder: Two Person Beam or Flat Grading Sheet – Ladde

The ladder commander will npivot towards the tip end of the ladder placing the left hand between and through the 1st and 2nd rungs. The ladder is now in the carrying position. NOTE: The ladder is reversed. Theladder can be reversed back to the normal carrying direction if necessary to place laddback on apparatus or to ladder another objective.

E r Form 03 or 04 Raising 24'-35' Extension Ladder - Two Person Flat Raise

1. Upon nearing the objective to be laddered, the

2. Once the objective to be laddered is reached, the

feet on

3. over his/her head

on

ladder commander will assure that the area is clear of all overhead obstructions and give the command "FLAT RAISE". The tip person will begin positioning for the raise.

ladder commander will lower the butt end of the ladder to the ground, and will immediately pull thetop beam with the left hand towards the ground while pivoting to the end of the ladder. Once theend of the ladder is reached the ladder commander will immediately place both the bottom rung of the ladder while maintaining agrasp on the rungs with the hands. The ladder commander will remain in this position until the ladder is in the vertical position. The tip person will lift the ladder while maintaining a grasp on the rung with both hands. Once the ladder is overhead, the tip perswill walk the ladder to the vertical position. Once theladder is in the vertical position, both firefighters will foot the ladder using the prescribed method.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 11 of 16 4. Once the ladder is in the vertical position, the ladder

(S), n

5. The ladder is now ready to be lowered into the objective. The

6. Once the halyard has been tied off, the ladder commander will give the OF

READY

commander will give the command "RAISE THE FLYFINGERS AND TOES". The tip person will raise the fly(s)with the halyard hand over hand. Once the Fly(s) have beeraised to the desired height, the ladder commander will give the command "DOGS LOCKED".

ladder commander will give the command "LADDER IN". The tip person will place the left foot on the bottom rung, theladder commander will take a step back. Both firefighters willmaintain a grasp on the beams while the ladder is being lowered to the building. Once the ladder is in position, thehalyard shall be tied of using the prescribed method.

command "CHECK PROPER CLIMBING ANGLE AND FOUR POINTSCONTACT". The ladder shall be adjusted with both firefighters positioned on either side of the ladder. Both firefighters should grasp the 2nd and 5th rungs. The ladder can now be safely adjusted. Once the ladder has been adjusted, it is ready to climb. The final command will be “PROPER CLIMBING ANGLE AND FOUR POINTS OF CONTACT, LADDERTO CLIMB.”


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CKED".

7. To remove the ladder the operation is reversed. The ladder commander will untie the halyard and place it out the way. The ladder commander will give the comma"LADDER OUT". The tip person will place the left foot on the bottom rung and pull the ladder from the objective. The ladder commander will take one step forward while pushing the ladder away from the objective. Both firefighters will maintain a grasp of both beams while removing ladder from the building.

8. Once the ladder is in the vertical position, the ladder

commander will give the command "LOWER THE FLY(S), FINGERS AND TOES". The tip person will lower the fly(s) utilizing the halyard hand over hand. Once the Fly(s) have been lowered the ladder commander will give the command "DOGS LO

9. The ladder is now ready to be lowered. The ladder

commander will give the command "TAKE IT OUT FLAT, CLEAR". The ladder commander will place both feet on the bottom rung and his/her hands on the rungs. The tip person will walk the ladder down hand over hand on the rungs. The ladder commander will give the command "LAST RUNG COMING" as the tip person nears the last 1/3 rd of the ladder. The ladder commander will give the command "LAST RUNG" as the tip person nears the last rung of the ladder.

10. Once the tip person reaches the end of the ladder

he/she will rotate and face toward the tip of the ladder, placing their left arm thru rungs 1 and 2 and grasping the beam furthest from the body with his/her left hand.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 13 of 16 11. The ladder commander will step off of the bottom rung and pivot around the

butt of the ladder, maintaining a grasp of the beam of the ladder with his/her right hand.

12. In one fluid motion, the ladder commander will pick

the beam of the ladder up. The ladder commander will pivot and assume the carrying position between the 1st and 2nd rung and hold a rung with his right hand to help stabilize the ladder. The ladder can now be carried away. NOTE: The ladder will be in the reverse position. The ladder can be reversed if needed to load the ladder on apparatus or ladder another objective.

Extension Ladder: Two Person Flat Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 03

Raising 35' Extension Ladder - Three Person

1. Upon nearing the objective to be laddered, the ladder commander will give the command “FLAT RAISE, SHIFT, CLEAR OVERHEAD”. The tip person will move forward and the center person will move backwards until both firefighters are at the same point opposite of each other. This should put both firefighters positioned at the top one third of the ladder.

2. Once the object to be laddered has been

reached, the ladder commander will spot the butt end of the ladder on the ground and immediately pivot around and stand on the bottom rung and place his/her hands on the third rung from the bottom and lean back to assist the raising of the ladder.

3. At the same time the ladder commander

foots the butt end of the ladder, the tip and center person will place their inside hands on the rungs and their outside hands on the beams and begin walking thladder up into the vertical position.

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ng

utt

on

adder

4. Once the ladder is in the vertical position,

the butt person will grasp the beams placihis/her left hand high on left side beam and the right hand low on the right side beam. The butt person will foot the right side beam with his/her right foot. The center person will place his/her hands opposite the bpersons on the beams. The center person must be sure to place his/her right arm under the halyard. The center person will foot the ladder opposite the butt personsthe same beam, using his/her left foot. The center person will foot the ladder with his/her right foot on the right side beam, and upon the lcommanders command "RAISE THE FLYS, FINGERS AND TOES", will pull the halyard to extend the flys. All firefighters shall have their eyes up to assure clearance of overhead obstructions. Once the desired height has been reached, the ladder commander will give the command "DOGS LOCKED".

5. On the command "LADDER IN", the tip person will place his/her right foot

on the bottom rung and the center person will place his/her left foot on the bottom rung. At the same time both the center and tip person will place their inside hands on the fourth rung and their outside hands on the beams. The butt person will grasp the beams with his/her hands and take one step back as the ladder is lowered into the objective. Once the ladder is resting against the objective, the butt person will tie the halyard using the prescribed method.


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6. Once the halyard has been secured the ladder commander will give the command "CHECK PROPER CLIMBING ANGLE AND FOUR POINTS OF CONTACT". The ladder shall be adjusted with the tip and center person positioned on their side of the ladder and grasping the ladder on the 2nd and 5th rungThe ladder can now be saadjusted. Once the ladder is adjusted the ladder is ready to be climbed. The final command will be “PROPER CLIMBING ANGLE AND FOUR POINTS OF CONTACT, LADDER READY TO CLIMB”.

7. To lower the ladder the operation is reversed. The halyard

is untied by the butt person. The center and tip person will place their inside feet on the bottom rung and grasp the 4th rung with their inside hands, and the beams with their outside hands. The butt person will grasp the beams at the same level as the center and tip person. When the ladder commander gives the command "LADDER OUT", the butt person will push the ladder from the objective as the center and tip person pull.

8. Once the ladder is in the vertical position, all three

firefighters will assume their positions to stabilize the ladder in the vertical position. The ladder commander will give the command "LOWER THE FLYS, FINGERS AND TOES". The center person will lower the flys hand over hand using the halyard. Once the fly sections are all the way retracted, the ladder commander will give the command "DOGS LOCKED".

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 303.00 July 1, 2005 Page 16 of 16 9. The ladder commander will give the command “TAKE IT OUT FLAT,

CLEAR". The butt person will stand on the last rung with both feet and grasp the 3rd rung with both hands. The tip and center person will walk backwards grasping the rungs with their inside hands and the beams with their outside hands. Once the tip and center person approach the last one third of the ladder, the ladder commander will give the command "LAST RUNG COMING". Once the tip and center person reach the fourth rung from the tip, the ladder commander will give the command "LAST RUNG". Tip and Center person will then turn and face tip end of ladder.

10. The ladder commander will step to the same side as the tip person facing

butt end. The ladder commander will then lift the ladder to the carrying position. In one fluid motion the ladder commander will pivot towards the tip end. The ladder is now ready to be carried away from the objective. The ladder commander will give the command “FORWARD”, the ladder is carried away, the ladder commander will give the command "SHIFT". The center person will move backwards towards the butt until he/she reaches the balance point. The tip person will move forward towards the tip until he/she is between rungs 1 and 2.

Extension Ladder: Three Person Flat Raise Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 05


ing or

accomplished.

LADDER SKILLS CLIMBING LADDERS 1. A ladder should not be climbed until it is properly

secured. The ladder should be at a proper climbing angle of approximately 75.5 degrees. The easiest way to accomplish this is for the firefighter to stand erect facing the ladder with toes touching the butt of the ladder. The arms should be held straight out as if to grip a rung. If the fingertips touch the rung nearest shoulder height, then the angle of inclination is correct. If the fingertips will not reach the rung, the butt end of the ladder needs to be moved in towards the building. If the fingertips extend beyond the rung, the butt needs to be brought away from the building.

2. Once the ladder is at it’s proper climbing angle, the

ladder must have all four points in contact with the objective being laddered. This is accomplished by standing erect facing the ladder with toes touching the butt of the ladder. Grasp the beams with both hands at shoulder height and rock the ladder back and forth. If the ladder moves away from the buildat any point, the ladder must be moved to one side the other until all four points of contact are

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 304.00 July 1, 2005 Page 2 of 4 3. After the ladder is at it’s proper climbing angle, all four

points of contact are secure, and the halyard has been tied, the ladder should be stabilized before the ladder is climbed. This is accomplished by a fire fighter standing between the ladder and the building. The firefighter should grasp the beams at shoulder height with both hands. One of the feet should be placed forward of the body and the other behind. Slight backpressure should be applied to the ladder to help press the ladder against the building. The ladder is now ready to be climbed. It is important for the firefighter to place the helmet face shield in the down position, and for the firefighter not to look up while the ladder is being climbed.

4. When climbing the ladder, the body should be kept

erect by keeping the arms straight during the climb. The firefighter should avoid reaching much above shoulder level to grasp a rung because this action will bring the body inward towards the ladder. The erect stance will assure balance and provide unobstructed knee movement during the climb. The hands should grasp the rungs with the palms down and the thumbs on the underside of the rungs. Most firefighters will find it most comfortable to climb every rung with alternate hands. Climbing should be smooth and rhythmic. There should not be erratic bouncing of the ladder. There should be only one firefighter climbing per section of ladder.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 304.00 July 1, 2005 Page 3 of 4 LOCKING-IN ON A LADDER Leg Lock Method When working from a ladder, it will be necessary to lock-in on the ladder to prevent falling from the ladder. Once you have reached the portion of the ladder you are to be working from, lock the leg in that is opposite the side of the ladder the work is to be performed. 1. Upon reaching the height of the ladder

where the work is going to be performed, you should be standing on a rung with both feet, and your hands grasping a rung at shoulder height.

2. The foot of the leg that is to be locked-in

should be placed through the rung one or two above the one you are standing on.

3. Your leg should now be placed back

through the rung and hook your foot around the beam opposite the side work is to be performed.

4. If you are not going to be working off to one side, lock-in on the rungs only.

North Zone Training Manual Ladders Truck Module Section 304.00 July 1, 2005 Page 4 of 4 TAKING ROOF OR STRAIGHT LADDERS ALOFT 1. Before raising the roof ladder the roof hooks shall be extended. 2. Carry the roof /straight ladder to the base of the extension ladder using the

prescribed technique.

3. Upon reaching the base of the extension ladder, raise the roof/straight using the prescribed method. If raising a roof ladder, the hooks shall be facing away from the extension ladder.

4. The roof/straight ladder shall be laid against the

extension ladder at a 45-degree angle to the extension ladder.

5. Once the roof/straight ladder is secure against the

extension ladder, the firefighter will climb the extension ladder and place his/her arm between the 3rd and 4th rung and shoulder carry the ladderto the roo

f.

6. Once the firefighter has reached the roof he/she

should lock-in before attempting to ladder the objective.

6. To lower the ladder the process is reversed. Shoulder carry the roof/straight ladder down the extension ladder. Assure the roof/straight ladder is secure against the extension ladder before continuing to descend the extension ladder. Lower the roof/straight ladder using the prescribed method. Return the roof/straight ladder to service.

Straight Ladder Aloft Grading Sheet – Ladder Form 06

north zone training manual truck module section 300

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