northern kentucky unlverslty library/67531/metacrs8423/m1/1/high... · introduction on november 3,...

Report No. 87-339 F

IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR :

BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES

Cheryl J. Rathbun Foreign A f f a i r s Analyst

and Carolyn L. Hatcher

Technic a1 Info m a t i on S p e c i a l i s t

With t h e r e sea rch a s s i s t a n c e of P e t e r Kappas Foreign A f f a i r s and Nat ional Defense Div is ion

GOlLt;RNfvlENT ;X)CUMENTS COLLECTION

NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNlVERSlTY LIBRARY

March 2 7 , 1987

The Congressional Research S e n ice works exclusively for the Congress, conducting research, analyzing legislation, and providing information at the request of committees. Mem- bers, and their staf'fi.

The Service makes such research available. without parti- san bias. in many forms including studies. reports, compila- tions, digests, and background briefings. Upon request, CRS assists committees in analyzing legislative proposals and issues, and in assessing the possible effects of these proposals and their alternatives. The Service's senior specialists and subject analysts are also at.ailab1e for personal consultations in their respective fields of expertise.

AB S TRAC T

T h i s r e p o r t p r o v i d e s b i o g r a p h i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n on i n d i v i d u a l s who have

been a s s o c i a t e d i n p u b l i c r e p o r t s w i t h t h e c o n t r o v e r s y s u r r o u n d i n g t h e s e c r e t

U.S. arms s a l e s t o I r a n and t h e channe l ing of p r o f i t s t o t h e r e b e l s o r Con t ras

i n Nicaragua. The i n f o r m a t i o n h a s been compiled from p u b l i c s o u r c e s . The

r e p o r t w i l l be updated p e r i o d i c a l l y and complements t h e CRS Report 86-190 F ,

I ran-Contra A f f a i r : A Chronology.

INTRODUCTION

On November 3 , 1986, a Lebanese weekly magaz ine , Al -Sh i raa , r e p o r t e d t h a t Robert C. McFarlane, former N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Adviser t o t h e P r e s i d e n t , had s e c r e t l y v i s i t e d Tehran t o d i s c u s s w i t h I r a n i a n o f f i c i a l s a c e s s a t i o n o f I r a n i a n s u p p o r t f o r t e r r o r i s t groups i n exchange f o r t h e s u p p l y of U.S. arms and s p a r e p a r t s t o I r a n . On November 3 , 1986, A t t o r n e y General Edwin Meese announced t h a t ev idence i n d i c a t e d t h a t p r o f i t s from anus s a l e s t o I r a n had been d i v e r t e d t o a n t i - S a n d i n i s t a r e b e l s . The Sena te S e l e c t Commit t e e on I n t e l l i g e n c e Report , p u b l i s h e d on January 29, 1987, and t h e P r e s i d e n t ' s S p e c i a l Review Board Tower, pub l i shed on February 27, 1987, ( r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e Tower Commission Repor t a f t e r t h e Chairman, Sena to r John Tower), showed t h a t t h e United S t a t e s had been engaged i n an arms-for-hostage p o l i c y w i t h I r a n and t h a t t h e p roceeds o f t h e arms s a l e s had been d i v e r t e d t o fund t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s .

Scores o f peop le were invo lved i n t h e I r a n arms i n i t i a t i v e l c o n t r a r e s u p p l y a c t i o n : U.S. o f f i c i a l s a t t h e White House, t h e S t a t e Depar tment , t h e Department o f Defense , and t h e C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency; f o r e i g n o f f i c i a l s from I s r a e l , I r a n , Saudi A r a b i a , and e l s e w h e r e ; and numerous p r i v a t e arms d e a l e r s , b u s i n e s s - men and f i n a n c i e r s from t h i r d c o u n t r i e s .

A s a d d i t i o n a l names appear and new r o l e s and r e l a t i o n s h i p s a r e r e v e a l e d , i t becomes i n c r e a s i n g l y d i f f i c u l t t o keep t h e names and a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s i n mind. T h i s r e p o r t i s des igned t o e a s e t h a t b u r d e n . It p r o v i d e s b i o g r a p h i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n on i n d i v i d u a l s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e c o n t r o v e r s y . E n t r i e s a r e i n a l p h a b e t i c a l o r d e r . Data a r e drawn from The Sena te S e l e c t Commit t e e on I n t e l 1 igence ' s Report on P r e l i m i n a r y I n q u i r y , t h e Tower Commission R e p o r t , U . S. and f o r e i g n newspapers and p e r i o d i c a l s , w i r e s e r v i c e s , and t e l e v i - s i o n and r a d i o r e p o r t s .

T h i s r e p o r t i s based on d a t a a v a i l a b l e a s o f March 27, 1987. It w i l l be updated and expanded a s developments w a r r a n t . Hear ings of t h e c o n g r e s s i o n a l s e l e c t commit tees d e a l i n g w i t h t h i s i s s u e a r e scheduled t o b e g i n on May 5 , 1987. The Sena te S e l e c t Committee on S e c r e t M i l i t a r y A s s i s t a n c e t o I r a n and t h e Nicaraguan Oppos i t ion i s scheduled t o complete i t s r e p o r t b y August 30, 1987; t h e House S e l e c t Commit t e e t o I n v e s t i g a t e Covert Arms T r a n s a c t i o n s w i t h I r a n t o complete i t s r e p o r t by October 30, 1987; and Lawrence E. Walsh, s p e c i a l p r o s e c u t o r appo in ted by t h e J u s t i c e Department, i s mandated wi th i n v e s t i g a t i n g and i f n e c e s s a r y p r o s e c u t i n g , c r i m i n a l v i o l a t i o n s o f o f f i c i a l s i n v o l v e d i n t h e I ran-Contra a f f a i r .

A c o n s c i e n t i o u s e f f o r t h a s been made t o a s s u r e t h e f a c t u a l a c c u r a c y o f d a t a p resen ted h e r e , b u t e r r o r s a r e l i k e l y t o b e p r e s e n t i n r e p o r t s of f a s t - moving e v e n t s such a s t h e s e , e s p e c i a l l y when some p a r t i c i p a n t s have a v e s t e d i n t e r e s t i n l i m i t i n g a n d / o r d i s t o r t i n g t h e p u b l i c r e c o r d . Each b i o g r a p h i c a l e n t r y i n c l u d e s t h e i n d i v i d u a l ' s n a t i o n a l i t y , c u r r e n t and r e l e v a n t r e c e n t o c c u p a t i o n s , d a t e s t h e person t e s t i f i e d b e f o r e v a r i o u s c o n g r e s s i o n a l commi t t ees i n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e c o n t r o v e r s y , when a v a i l a b l e , and a b r i e f s t a t e m e n t r e g a r d i n g

t h e r o l e r e p o r t e d l y played b y each i n d i v i d u a l i s a l s o i n c l u d e d . Th i s l i s t o f i n d i v i d u a l s i s n o t comple te ; a d d i t i o n s and c o r r e c t i o n s w i l l be made as more i n f o r m a t i o n becomes a v a i l a b l e .

An a s t e r i s k (*) appears b e f o r e t h e names l i s t e d i n t h e a l p h a b e t i c a l l i s t - i n g which have been added s i n c e t h e l a s t upda te .

CONTENTS

ALPHABETICAL L I S T I N G PAGE

ABRAMS. E l l i o t t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 * A B S H I R E . D a v i d M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * ALLEN. C h a r l e s 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANDERSON. T e r r y 5 * ARMITAGE. R i c h a r d L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 * BOLKIAH. H a s s a n a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BUCKLEY. W i l l i a m 8 BUSH. G e o r g e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . * CACERES R O J A S . C e s a r A u g u s t o 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * CALERO. A d o l f o 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CARLUCCI. Frank C 13

CASEY. W i l l i a m J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * C A S T I L L O . T o m a s / T h o m a s 16

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * C A V E . G e o r g e 1 7 * CHANNELL. C a r l R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * C I C I P P I O . Joseph J 21

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLARRIDGE. D u a n e 2 2 * C L I N E S . T h o m a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 * COY. C r a i g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

CROWE. W i l l i a m J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * C R U Z . A r t u r o 2 6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * D e GARAY. E d w a r d 2 7 * DUTTON. R o b e r t C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

EARL. R o b e r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * FAHD. Ibn Abdal.Aziz 30

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * FARINA. R o l a n d 31

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * F I E R S . D o n a l d 3 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * F O R T I E R . D o n a l d R 33

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRASE R. D o n a1 d 34

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * F U L L E R y G r a h a m 35 FURMARK. R o y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 GADD. R i c h a r d B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7

* GARNEL. Jose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * G A T E S . R o b e r t H 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * GEORGE. C l a i r 41

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GHORBANIFAR. M a n u c h e r 4 2 GOMEZ. M a x ( s ee F e l i x RODRIGUEZ)

* GREGG. D o n a l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 * GUELL. L i n d a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

HAKIM. A l b e r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 * HALL. F a w n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 * HASENFUS. E u g e n e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9 * INOUYE. D a n i e l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

JACOBSEN. D a v i d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 J E N C O . L a w r e n c e M a r t i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

* J U C H N I E W I C Z Ed w a r d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . KELLY. John H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 KHASHOGGI. A d n a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 KILBURN. P e t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 KIMCHE. D m i d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

* KOCH. N o e l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEDEEN. M i c h a e l A 60

L I L A C . R o b e r t H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 * LIMAN. A r t h u r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3

McFARLANE. R o b e r t C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * McLAUGHLIN. Jane E 66 Mc MAHON . John N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * MEDINA. R a m o n 69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * MEESE. E d w i n 3 d 70

. . . . . . . . . . . . . * M E D J I A VICTORES. O s c a r H u m b e r t o 71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * MESSING. A n d r e w Jr 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M I L L E R . E r n e s t 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * M I L L E R , R i c h a r d 7 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M U S K I E , Edmumd 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * NAKASONE. Y a s u h i r o 76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * N I E L D S . J o h n 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NIMRODI . Y a a c o v 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N I R . A m i r a m 79

NORTH. O l i v e r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * OWEN. R o b e r t 82

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * PARLOW. T h o m a s 83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * P E R E S . S h i m o n 8 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P E R O T . H . R o s s 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * P I O W A T Y . John 86

PAGE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POINDEXTER. John M 8 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POkTELL. C o l i n L 89

* QUINTERO. R a f a e l ( ~ h i . ~ h i ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * R A B I N . Y i t z h a k 91

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . R A F S A N J A N I . A l i A k b a r H a s h e m i 9 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REAGAN. R o n a l d 93

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REED. Frank H 95 REGAN. D o n a l d T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

. . . . . . . . . . . . RODRIGUEZ. F e l i x ( a l i a s M a x ~ o m e z ) 9 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCHWIMMER. A d o l p h ( A l l 98

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCOWCROFT. B r e n t 99 SECORD. R i c h a r d V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHACKLEY. T h e o d o r e C 1 0 2 SHULTZ. G e o r g e P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * SINGLAUB. John 105

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * S P O R K I N . S t a n l e y 106 * SULTAN OF BRUNEI ( see H a s s a n a l BOLKIAH)

SUTHERLAND. T h o m a s P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * TAMBS. L e w i s 108

* T E I C H E R . H o w a r d J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 TOWER. John G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 TRACY. E d w a r d A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V E R Y Fabian 1 1 2 * WALSH. L a w r e n c e E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * W A T S O N . S a m I I I 114 WEINBERGER. C a s p a r W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 WEIR. B e n j a m i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7

* ZUCKER. W i l l a r d I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

P H I L I P P I N E S . PAGE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V E R Y F a b i a n 1 1 2 PORTUGAL

GARNEL, Jose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 SAUDI ARABIA .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FAHD. Ibn A b d a l - A z i z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KHASHOGGI. A d n a n

SWITZERLAND

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F A R I N A . R o l a n d U N I T E D S T A T E S

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ABRAMS. E l l i o t t A B S H I R E . David M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALLEN. C h a r l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANDERSON. T e r r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ARMITAGE. R i c h a r d L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BUCKLEY. W i l l i a m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BUSH. G e o r g e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CARLUCCI . Frank C CASEY. W i l l i a m J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C A S T I L L O . ~ o m a s / T h o m a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAVE. G e o r g e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHANNELL. C a r l R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C I C I P P I O . Joseph J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLARRIDGE. D u a n e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C L I N E S . T h o m a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COY. C r a i g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CROWE. W i l l i a m J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . De GARAY . Ed w a r d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DUTTON. R o b e r t C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EARL. R o b e r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F I E R S . D o n a l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F O R T I E R . D o n a l d R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FULLER. G r a h a m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FURMARK. R o y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GADD. R i c h a r d B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GATES. R o b e r t H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GEORGE. C l a i r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GREGG. D o n a l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GUELL. L i n d a

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HALL. F a w n

PAGE

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HASENFUS. E u g e n e 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INOUYE D a n i e l 50 JACOBSEN. D a v i d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J E N C O . L a w r e n c e M a r t i n 5 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JUCHNIEWICZ. E d w a r d 53

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K E L L Y . J o h n H 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KILBURN. P e t e r 5 7

KOCH. N o e l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEDEEN. M i c h a e l A 60

L I L A C . R o b e r t H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 LIMAN. A r t h u r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 McFARLANE. R o b e r t C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 McLAUGHLIN. Jane E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 McMAHON. John N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEESE. E d w i n 3d 70 M E S S I N G . A n d r e w Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M I L L E R . R i c h a r d 7 4 . MUSKIE E d m u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 N I E L D S . John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 NORTH. O l i v e r L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OWEN. R o b e r t 8 2 . PEROT. H R o s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIOWATY. John 86

POINDEXTER. J o h n M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 POh'ELL. C o l i n L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 QUINTERO. R a f a e l ( chi-chi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 REAGAN. R o n a l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R E E D . F r a n k H 95 REGAN. D o n a l d T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 RODRIGUEZ. F e l i x ( a l i a s M a x G o m e z ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7 SCmIMMER. A d o l p h ( A l l ( U . S . - ~ s r a e l i d u a l c i t i z e n s h i p ) . 9 8 SCOWCROFT. B r e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 SECORD. R i c h a r d V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 SHACKLEY. Theodore C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 2 SHULTZ. G e o r g e P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 SINGLAUB. John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 S P O R K I N . S t a n l e y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 SUTHERLAND. T h o m a s P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 TAMBS. L e w i s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 T E I C H E R . H o w a r d J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 TOWER. John G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 TRACY. E d w a r d A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 WALSH. L a w r e n c e E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 WATSON. S a m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 WEINBERGER. C a s p a r W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 WEIR. Benjamin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7 ZUCKER. W i l l a r d I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

ABRAMS, E l l i o t t

N a t i o n a l i t y : U n i t e d S t a t e s

C u r r e n t O c c u p a t i o n

A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e f o r I n t e r - A m e r i c a n A f f a i r s , 1 9 8 5

R e c e n t P r e v i o u s O c c u p a t i o n s

A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y f o r Human R i g h t s and H u m a n i t a r i a n A f f a i r s , 1981-85;

A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l O r g a n i z a t i o n A f f a i r s , D e p a r t m e n t o f S t a t e , 1981 ;

A t t o r n e y , V e r n e r , L i p f e r t , B e r n h a r d 6 McPherson, 1979-80;

S p e c i a l c o u n s e l , S e n a t o r D a n i e l P. Moynihan, 1977-78.

R o l e

A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y Abrams p a r t i c i p a t e d i n a U.S. e f f o r t t o e l i c i t s u p p o r t f r o m f o r e i g n g o v e r n m e n t s f o r h u m a n i t a r i a n a i d t o t h e N i c a r a g u a n r e b e l s . Mr. Abrams acknowledged t o t h e Tower Commission t h a t h e p e r s o n a l l y s o l i c i t e d $10 m i l l i o n f r o m t h e S u l t a n o f B r u n e i i n J u l y o f 1986 . (New York T i m e s , March 4 , 1987: A15).

M r . Abrams a s k e d b o t h L t . Co l . N o r t h and t h e h e a d of t h e C I A ' S C e n t r a l Amer ica T a s k F o r c e , Alan F i e r s , where t h e money s h o u l d be d e p o s i t e d a n d r e c e i v e d d i f f e r e n t bank a c c o u n t numbers f r o m e a c h o f them. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e S e n a t e S e l e c t Commit tee o n 1 n t e l l i g e n c e 1 s r e p o r t , t h e a c c o u n t number u s e d by M r . Abyams f o r t h e $10 m i l l i o n was t h e same a c c o u n t s u s p e c t e d o f b e i n g u s e d by Mr. N o r t h a n d o t h e r s t o d e p o s i t p r o c e e d s f rom a rms s a l e s t o I r a n . M r . Abrams t e s t i f i e d t o t h e Tower Comniss ion t h a t h e and C h a r l e s H i l l , e x e c u t i v e s e c r e t a r y t o t h e S e c r e t a r y o f S t a t e , d e c i d e d t o u s e Mr. N o r t h ' s bank a c c o u n t a t C r e d i t S u i s s e , "on t h e g r o u n d s t h a t i t l o o k e d , o d d l y e n o u g h i n r e t r o s p e c t , k i n d o f c l e a n e r , " t h a n a n a c c o u n t e s t a b l i s h e d by t h e CIA. (New York T i m e s , March 4 , 1987 : A15).

Mr. Abrams worked c l o s e l y w i t h Mr. N o r t h on C o n t r a i s s u e s d u r i n g t h e two y e a r c o n g r e s s i o n a l ban on a i d t o t h e N i c a r a g u a n r e b e l s . Mr. Abrams r e p o r t e d i n t e s t i m o n y t o t h e S e n a t e S e l e c t Commit tee on I n t e l l i g e n c e t h a t h e " t a l k e d t o O l l i e e v e r y d a y " a b o u t t h e C o n t r a s , o f t e n i n m e e t i n g s o f t h e R e s t r i c t e d I n t e r a g e n c y Group (RIG) on C e n t r a l America t h a t c o n v e n e d o n c e o r t w i c e a week

a t t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t . (Wash ing ton P o s t , F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987: A18). The Tower Commission R e p o r t i d e n t i f i e d t h e key members of t h e R I G a s Mr. N o r t h , Mr. Abrams, and Mr. F i e r s . (Wash ing ton P o s t , F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987: A18) .

The Tower Comniss ion q u e s t i o n e d Mr. Abrams a b o u t h i s r o l e i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a s e c r e t a i r s t r i p f o r u s e by t h e N i c a r a g u a n r e b e l s a t S a n t a E l e n a , i n n o r t h e r n C o s t a R i c a n e a r t h e b o r d e r w i t h N i c a r a g u a , and i n s u b s e q u e n t e f f o r t s t o c o n v i n c e C o s t a R i c a n o f f i c i a l s n o t t o r e v e a l i t s e x i s t e n c e . Mr. Abrams t o l d t h e Commission t h a t h e c o u l d n o t r e c a l l when o r how h e l e a r n e d of t h e a i r s t r i p ' s e x i s t e n c e and s a i d h e b e l i e v e d t h e s t r i p was n e v e r u s e d . Mr. N o r t h , i n a message on Sep tember 9 , 1 9 8 6 , t o Mr. P o i n d e x t e r , s a i d t h a t h e h a d h e l d a c o n f e r e n c e c a l l w i t h Mr. Abrams and Mr. Tambs, t h e n U.S. Ambassador t o C o s t a R i c a , and t h a t a l l had a g r e e d t h a t h e s h o u l d c a l l P r e s i d e n t A r i a s o f C o s t a R i c a and t h r e a t e n him w i t h a c u t o f f of U.S. a i d u n l e s s h e a b a n d o n e d h i s p l a n s t o s h u t down an " i l l e g a l s u p p o r t o p e r a t i o n f o r t h e c o n t r a s . " Mr. N o r t h h a s s t a t e d t h a t h e s u b s e q u e n t l y d i d s o a n d t h a t Mr. A r i a s had g o t " t h e same word f rom E l l i o t t . " T h i s s t a t e m e n t was d e n i e d by Mr. Abrams. ( N e w York T imes , March 4 , 1987: A15).

T e s t i f i e d b e f o r e C o n g r e s s

S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e C o m n i t t e e , November 2 5 , 1986; December 8 , 1986.

T e s t i f i e d b e f o r e Tower Comniss ion

December 1 9 , 1986

ABSHIRE, David M.

Nationality: United States

Current Occupation

Special Counsel to President Reagan

Recent Previous Occupations

Ambassador, US Permanent Representative, North Atlantic Council, 1983-87;

President, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Georgetown University, 1982-83;

Chairman, CSIS, 1973-82;

Executive Director, CSIS, 1962-70;

Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations, 1970-73;

Director National Security Group Transition, Office of President elect Reagan, 1980-81.

Role

Mr. Abshire is charged with coordinating the White House's activities in all aspects of the Iran arms transfer and Contra funding operation. He was appointed December 26, 1986. Mr. Abshire stated in a Washington Post interview that he would not independently investigate the Iran controversy but would try to "break bottlenecks" and assist congressional and legal inquiries. (Washington Post, January 20, 1987).

ALLEN, C h a r l e s



C I A , N a t i o n a l I n t e l l i g e n c e O f f i c e r f o r C o u n t e r t e r r o r i s m ( W a s h i n g t o n P o s t J a n u a r y 1 2 , 1987 : 1 , 2 1 )

R o l e

On S e p t e m b e r 1 2 , 1985 , L t . C o l . O l i v e r N o r t h a s k e d Mr. A l l e n t o i n c r e a s e i n t e l l i g e n c e e f f o r t s on I r a n and Lebanon. Mr. N o r t h t o l d him t o l i m i t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n of i n t e l l i g e n c e i n f o r m a t i o n t o S e c r e t a r y o f D e f e n s e C a s p a r W e i n b e r g e r , CIA Deputy D i r e c t o r J o h n McMahon, f o r m e r N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A d v i s e r R o b e r t M c F a r l a n e and Mr. N o r t h h i m s e l f , S e c r e t a r y o f S t a t e George S c h u l t z was e x p l i c i t l y e x c l u d e d . (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , IV A ) . On J a n u a r y 1 3 , 1 9 8 6 , Mr. A l l e n c o n d u c t e d a f i v e - h o u r i n t e r v i e w w i t h Manucher G h o r b a n i f a r , t h e I r a n i a n arms m e r c h a n t , i n Wash ing ton , D.C. The r e s u l t s of t h e i n t e r v i e w w e r e g i v e n t o f o r m e r CIA D i r e c t o r W i l l i a m Casey .

Mr. A l l e n t e s t i f i e d t o t h e Tower Commission t h a t Mr. Casey had t o l d him t h a t R e v e r e n d Ben jamin w e i r ' s Sep tember 14 , 1986 , r e l e a s e was t h e r e s u l t of t h e arms s h i p m e n t s t o I r a n . (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , V F ) .

A f t e r r e c e i v i n g i n t e l l i g e n c e i n t e r c e p t s f rom I r a n , h e r e p o r t e d l y became a w a r e o f f i n a n c i a l d i s c r e p a n c i e s i n t h e a rms s a l e s o p e r a t i o n a s w e l l a s a p o s s i b l e d i v e r s i o n of f u n d s . He r e p o r t e d h i s s u s p i c i o n s t o Deputy D i r e c t o r R o b e r t H . G a t e s on O c t o b e r 1, 1986.


December 30, 1986 ; F e b r u a r y 11, 1987.

ANDERSON, Terry



Chief Middle East correspondent for Associated Press

Role

Mr. Anderson was taken hostage March 16, 1985, by the Islamic Jihad (Shi'ite extremists) loyal to Iran. (New York Times, March 23, 1985). He remained in captivity as of March 27, 1987.

ARMITAGE, R icha rd L .

N a t i o n a l i t y : Un i t ed S t a t e s

C u r r e n t Occupa t ion

A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y of Defense f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A f f a i r s , 1983-

Recent P r e v i o u s Occupa t ions

A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y of Defense E a s t A s i a , Department of Defense , 1981-83;

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Adv i so r , U.S. Government, 1980-81;

F o r e i g n P o l i c y Adv i so r , Reagan f o r P r e s i d e n c y Campaign, 1980;

Se l f -employed Counse lo r , 1979-80;

A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A s s i s t a n t , S e n a t o r R . Dole, 1978-79.

Ro le

Mr. Armi tage was informed by L t . Col . O l i v e r Nor th i n t h e l a t t e r p a r t of November 1985, t h a t some White House o f f i c i a l s had been i n c o n t a c t w i t h I r a n i a n o f f i c i a l s . Mr. Armi tage t o l d t h e Tower Commission t h a t he d i d n o t t h i n k S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e George S h u l t z was aware of t h e s e c o n t a c t s . (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , V F, Foo tno te 27 ) . Mr. Armitage i s one of t h e few Pentagon o f f i c i a l s who knew about t h e I r a n arms d e a l b e f o r e i t became p u b l i c . (Washington P o s t , February 23, 1987: B12). (Washington Pos t F e b r u a r y 22 , 1987: A l , 1 0 ) .

Mr. Armi tage r e p l a c e d Noel Koch a s t h e Pen tagon ' s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e on t h e N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l ' s O p e r a t i o n s sub-group on c o u n t e r t e r r o r i s m i n May of 1986.

T e s t i f i e d b e f o r e Congress

S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e Committee, November 21, 1986;

S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e Comni t tee , December 11 , 1986.

T e s t i f i e d b e f o r e Tower Comnission

D e c e m b e r 1 8 , 1 9 8 6

BOLKIAH, Hassana l Mudah

N a t i o n a l i t y : Brunei


S u l t a n o f Brunei

Ro le

I n J u l y of 1986, t h e S u l t a n of Brunei c o n t r i b u t e d $10 m i l l i o n t o t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s . Accord ing t o t h e Tower Commission R e p o r t , A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f S t a t e E l l i o t t Abrams p e r s o n a l l y s o l i c i t e d t h e f u n d s from him. The S u l t a n of Brunei was t o l d by Mr. Abrams t h a t t h e money was f o r h u m a n i t a r i a n a i d o n l y . The money was d e p o s i t e d i n a s e c r e t Swis s bank a c c o u n t c o n t r o l l e d by L t . Col . O l i v e r Nor th . (New York Times, March 4 , 1987: A l 5 ) .

BUCKLEY, W i l l i a m ( d e c e a s e d )



B e i r u t S t a t i o n C h i e f and c o u n t e r t e r r o r i s m e x p e r t , C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency ( w a s h i n g t o n P o s t , December 1 8 , 1986: C1, 3 )

R o l e

Mr. B u c k l e y was s e i z e d March 1 8 , 1 9 8 4 , i n B e i r u t by t h e I s l a m i c J i h a d ( ~ h i ' i t e e x t r e m i s t s ) (New York T imes , O c t o b e r 3 , 1 9 8 4 ) o r by H i z b a l l a h (New York T i m e s , November 4 , 1 9 8 4 ) .

The Tower Commission R e p o r t d i s c l o s e d t h a t t h e c o n f e s s i o n of Mr. B u c k l e y , who i s b e l i e v e d t o h a v e b e e n t o r t u r e d t o d e a t h i n J u n e of 1 9 8 5 , w h i l e a c a p t i v e i n Lebanon , was a n i s s u e i n t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h t h e I r a n i a n s . I n t h e e a r l y p h a s e s o f t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s , Mr. B u c k l e y l s r e l e a s e was o n e o f t h e p r i m a r y g o a l s o f t h e a r m s - f o r - h o s t a g e s d e a l s . A t some t i m e d u r i n g t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h t h e I r a n i a n s i n t h e l a t t e r p a r t o f 1986 , t h e I r a n i a n s o f f e r e d t o t u r n o v e r a 400 page p u r p o r t e d c o n f e s s i o n of M r . B u c k l e y . ( ~ e w York T i m e s , F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987: A9) .

BUSH, George



Vice P r e s i d e n t , 1980-


D i r e c t o r , C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency, 1976-77;

C h i e f , U.S. L i a i s o n O f f i c e , B e i j i n g , P e o p l e s R e p u b l i c of Ch ina , 1974-75;

Chairman, Repub l i can N a t i o n a l Committee, 1973-74;

Un i t ed S t a t e s Ambassador t o Uni ted N a t i o n s , 1971-72.

Kol e

V i c e - p r e s i d e n t Bush has s a i d he s u p p o r t e d P r e s i d e n t ~ e a g a n ' s d e c i s i o n t o e s t a b l i s h c o n t a c t s i n I r a n and t o s e l l them American weapons a s a n i n c e n t i v e t o improv ing r e l a t i o n s , b u t t h a t he knew n o t h i n g of a d i v e r s i o n of f u n d s t o t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s and opposed i t .

A s a member of t h e N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l , Mr. Bush t o o k p a r t i n t h e d e c i s i o n t o s h i p t h e arms t o I r a n , bu t f o r t h e s o l e s t a t e d pu rpose of o p e n i n g a new l i n e of communicat ion w i t h Tehran . (New York Times , F e b r u a r y 27 , 1987: A10). Accord ing t o Mr. M c F a r l a n e l s t e s t i m o n y t o t h e S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e Committee, Mr. Bush s i d e d w i t h former Chief o f S t a f f Donald Regan and f o r m e r C I A D i r e c t o r Wi l l i am Casey, who s u p p o r t e d I s r a e l i arms sales t o I r a n i n August o f 1985, and a g a i n s t S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e George S h u l t z and S e c r e t a r y o f Defense C a s p a r Weinbe rge r , who opposed them. (Newsweek, F e b r u a r y 23 , 1987: p.25) (Washington P o s t , F e b r u a r y 13 , 1987: A34).

Mr. Bush a t t e n d e d t h e J a n u a r y 7 , 1986 mee t ing i n which t h e p r o s and c o n s o f r e v i v i n g t h e arms d e a l were d i s c u s s e d . The Tower Commission Repor t c i t e d t h e J a n u a r y 7 , 1986 mee t ing a s a c r i t i c a l one because i t produced t h e d e c i s i o n t o s h i p a p p r o x i m a t e l y one thousand TOW a n t i - t a n k m i s s i l e s d i r e c t l y t o I r a n , and n o t t h r o u g h I s r a e l , a s p a r t of a c o v e r t p l a n t o g a i n t h e r e l e a s e of American h o s t a g e s i n Lebanon. The Commission n o t e d i t was n o t c l e a r what p o s i t i o n Mr. Bush t o o k , a l t h o u g h he appea red t o be s i d i n g w i t h t h o s e ' i n f a v o r o f t h e t r a d e . ( ~ e w York Times, March 5 , 1987: A21).

The Repor t a l s o no ted t h a t Vice P r e s i d e n t Bush was one of f o u r p e o p l e p r e s e n t i n t h e Oval O f f i c e on Janua ry 17 , 1986, when P r e s i d e n t Reagan was b r i e f e d on t h e f i n a l d e t a i l s of t h e p l a n t o t r a n s f e r arms t o I r a n , b e f o r e s i g n i n g t h e fo rma l document a l l o w i n g t h e arms t r a n s f e r s t o proceed . The Repor t c i t e d t h i s document as t h e b a s i s f o r "an i m p o r t a n t change" i n p o l i c y i n which " t h e Un i t ed S t a t e s became a d i r e c t s u p p l i e r of arms t o I r a n . " (New York Times , March 5 , 1987: A21).

Mr. Bush a l s o met w i t h Amiram N i r , a d v i s e r on c o u n t e r t e r r o r i s m t o then-Pr ime M i n i s t e r Shimon P e r e s , a t t h e King David Hote l i n J e r u s a l e m on J u l y 29 , 1986. Accord ing t o t h e Tower Commission Repor t , Mr. Bush had a g r e e d t o t h e mee t ing a t t h e u r g i n g of Lt . Col. O l i v e r North. (Washington P o s t , March 6 , 1987: A23). Mr. N i r informed Mr. Bush t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e r e were problems w i t h t h e I r a n arms d e a l , n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h t h e I r a n i a n s shou ld c o n t i n u e . ( S e n a t e S e l e c t Committee on I n t e l l i g e n c e : 33 ) .

T e s t i f i e d b e f o r e Tower Commission

December 1 8 , 1986

CACERES ROJAS, Cesa r Augusto

N a t i o n a l i t y : Guatemala


Army Gene ra l

R o l e

Gene ra l C a c e r e s Ro ja s r e p o r t e d l y s i g n e d "end-user c e r t i f i c a t e s t 1 p u r p o r t e d l y f o r u s e by t h e Guatemalan m i l i t a r y t o a c q u i r e a rms and ammunit ion f rom t h e P o r t u g u e s e government , bu t i n r e a l i t y i n t e n d e d f o r t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s . The c e r t i f i c a t e s l i s t e d r e q u e s t e d t y p e s and q u a n t i t i e s of arms and s t a t e d t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l was f o r t h e e x c l u s i v e u s e of t h e Guatemalan m i l i t a r y . Guatemalan o f f i c i a l s have d e n i e d a l l c o n n e c t i o n s w i t h t h e arms s h i p m e n t s . (Washington P o s t , J a n u a r y 1 7 , 1987: A19).

CRS- 12

CALERO, Adol fo

N a t i o n a l i t y : Nicaragua


R e s i s t a n c e l e a d e r , Nicaraguan Democrat ic Force (FDN)

Ro le

Mr. C a l e r o , head of t h e Nicaraguan Democra t ic Fo rce (FDN), p r o v i d e d f i n a n c i a l r e c o r d s and o t h e r documents t o f e d e r a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s i n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e I r a n / ~ o n t r a a f f a i r . (Washington P o s t , March 4 , 1987: 18 ) . M r . C a l e r o s a i d t h e a n t i - S a n d i n i s t a r e b e l s r e c e i v e d $200,000 i n Oc tobe r 1985 f rom Lake R e s o u r c e s , a dummy company r e g i s t e r e d i n Panama w i t h a bank accoun t i n S w i t z e r l a n d . The Tower Commission Report r e p o r t e d t h a t Lake Resources was used by L t . Col . O l i v e r Nor th and r e t i r e d A i r Fo rce Maj. Gen. R icha rd V . Seco rd t o h a n d l e p roceeds from t h e arms s a l e s t o I r a n . The book-keeping r e c o r d s show a $25,000 d e p o s i t on October 23, 1985 and a $175,000 d e p o s i t on O c t o b e r 25 , 1985. (wash ing ton Times, March 6 , 1987: 1 ) . Mr. C a l e r o has d e n i e d any knowledge of funds be ing d i v e r t e d from U.S. arms s a l e s t o I r a n . (Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l , March 5 , 1987: 6 2 ) .

CARLUCCI, Frank C .



N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Adv i se r t o t h e P r e s i d e n t , N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l , 1987-

Recen t P r e v i o u s Occupa t ions

P r e s i d e n t , S e a r s World T rade , I n c . , 1983-86;

Deputy S e c r e t a r y , Department of Defense , 1981-82;

Deputy D i r e c t o r , C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency, 1978-81.

R o l e

Mr. C a r l u c c i was a p p o i n t e d by P r e s i d e n t Reagan a s N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A d v i s e r on December 2 , 1986, a f t e r Vice Admiral John P o i n d e x t e r r e s i g n e d .


December 19 , 1986; Feb rua ry 20 , 1987.

CRS- 14

CASEY, W i l l i a m J .



W h i t e House C o u n s e l o r


D i r e c t o r , C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency, 1981-87;

Campaign Manager , Reagan-Bush, 1980 ;

C h a i r m a n , T a s k F o r c e on V e n t u r e C a p i t a l , Smal l B u s i n e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , 1976-80.

R o l e

The Tower Commission R e p o r t f a u l t e d s e v e r a l of Mr. C a s e y ' s a c t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g h i s f a i l u r e t o i n s i s t t h a t t h e CIA t a k e o v e r c o n t r o l of t h e I r a n arms i n i t i a t i v e , t o i n v e s t i g a t e some o f t h e key i n t e r m e d i a r i e s i n t h e a r m s t r a n s a c t i o n s a n d t o t e l l C o n g r e s s o f t h e d e a l i n g s . ( ~ e w York T i m e s , F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 : A9).

M r . C a s e y s a i d h e became s u s p i c i o u s of c e r t a i n d i s c r e p a n c i e s i n t h e f i n a n c i n g o f t h e arms d e a l when N e w York bus inesman Roy Furmark t o l d him d u r i n g O c t o b e r a n d November 1 9 8 6 , t h a t c e r t a i n f u n d s f rom t h e a r m s s a l e s w e r e m i s s i n g and may h a v e been g i v e n t o t h e N i c a r a g u a n r e b e l s .

The Tower C o m i s s i o n R e p o r t c o n c l u d e d t h a t Mr. Casey knew t h a t f u n d s f r o m t h e a r m s s a l e s t o I r a n m i g h t h a v e been d i v e r t e d t o t h e N i c a r a g u a n r e b e l s I t a l m o s t a month b e f o r e t h e s t o r y b r o k e , " b u t d i d n o t move p r o m p t l y t o r a i s e t h e m a t t e r w i t h t h e P r e s i d e n t , y e t h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o do s o was c l e a r . " (New York T i m e s , March 3 , 1987: A10).

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e Tower Commission R e p o r t , t h e CIA h e l p e d s h i p a rms t o I r a n t h r o u g h v a r i o u s c h a n n e l s f r o m November 1985 t o l a t e O c t o b e r 1 9 8 6 , a n d t h a t Mr. C a s e y , " a p p e a r s t o h a v e been i n f o r m e d i n c o n s i d e r a b l e d e t a i l a b o u t t h e s p e c i f i c s o f t h e o p e r a t i o n s . " (New York T imes , March 4 , 1987: A14) .

Mr. Casey was d i a g n o s e d a s s u f f e r i n g f r o m a c a n c e r o u s b r a i n tumor i n l a t e 1986 . F o l l o w i n g s u r g e r y and s u b s e q u e n t h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , h e r e m a i n s i n p r e c a r i o u s h e a l t h .

CRS- 15

Testified before Congress

House Intelligence Committee, November 21; December 11, 1986;

House Foreign Affairs Committee, December 10, 1986;

Senate Intelligence Committee, November 21, 1986.

CASTILLO, ~omas/Thomas (pseudonym)

N a t i o n a l i t y : Uni ted S t a t e s


CIA S t a t i o n C h i e f , Cos t a R ica

Ro le

The Washington P o s t r e p o r t e d t h a t L t . Col. O l i v e r Nor th c o n s i d e r e d Mr. C a s t i l l o a "pr imary formal channe l of communication w i t h t h e ( C o n t r a ) o p e r a t i o n . ' ' ( J a n u a r y 25 , 1987: A24). The Tower Commission Repor t s t a t e d t h a t a C I A f i e l d o f f i c e r i n C e n t r a l America (whom i t d i d n o t name bu t who h a s been i d e n t i f i e d by c o n g r e s s i o n a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s a s C a s t i l l o ) was g i v e n a s o p h i s t i c a t e d encod ing machine by Colonel Nor th , which Mr. Nor th o b t a i n e d from t h e N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l , t o h e l p i n a r r a n g i n g weapons d e l i v e r i e s t o t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s . (New York Times, February 28 , 1987: A9). Mr. C a s t i l l o was a l s o an impor t an t a i d e t o Duane C l a r r i d g e when he was i n v o l v e d w i t h t r a i n i n g t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s .

Mr. C a s t i l l o r e c e n t l y r e t i r e d a f t e r he was suspended f o r t a k i n g t o o a c t i v e a r o l e i n s u p p o r t i n g t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d when Congres s p r o h i b i t e d m i l i t a r y a s s i s t a n c e . Mr. C a s t i l l o c l a i m s h e had t h e 1 1 t a c i t app rova l " of C l a i r George, C I A depu ty d i r e c t o r f o r c l a n d e s t i n e o p e r a t i o n s , t o a c t i v e l y s u p p o r t t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s .

CRS- 17

C A V E , George



C I A S t a t i o n C h i e f , I r a n (Washington Pos t December 31 , 1986: A l , 8 )

Ro le

Mr. Cave was brought o u t o f r e t i r e m e n t by t h e n CIA D i r e c t o r W i l l i a m Casey a s a CIA c o n t r a c t employee i n March of 1986. He p l ayed a ma jo r r o l e a s an i n t e r p r e t e r and l i a s o n f o r former N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Adv i se r Robe r t McFar lane and t h e I r a n i a n e m i s s a r i e s d u r i n g a s e r i e s of mee t ings and n e g o t i a t i o n s t o d i s c u s s t h e a rms-for -hos tage d e a l . Mr. Cave was r e l i e d upon a f t e r fo rmer C I A D i r e c t o r Casey e x p r e s s e d d o u b t s abou t A l b e r t ~ a k i m ' s t r u s t w o r t h i n e s s and t h e v e r a c i t y of Manucher G h o r b a n i f a r ' s t r a n s l a t i o n . ( S e n a t e S e l e c t Committee on I n t e l l i g e n c e : 2 2 ) .

Mr. Cave accompanied L t . Col . O l i v e r Nor th and t h e C I A Chief of t h e Near E a s t D i v i s i o n (CINE) t o a mee t ing i n P a r i s w i t h Manucher G h o r b a n i f a r on March 8 , 1986, t o d i s c u s s I r a n i a n weapon r e q u i r e m e n t s . Mr. Cave s t a t e d t h a t d u r i n g t h e mee t ing Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r made i t c l e a r t h a t I r a n was w i l l i n g " t o do someth ing t o g e t a d d i t i o n a l h o s t a g e s r e l e a s e d " and was w i l l i n g t o conduc t d i s c u s s i o n s w i t h t h e Uni ted S t a t e s . (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , VI I A B ) .

Mr. Cave accompanied Rober t C. McFarlane, N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Counc i l a i d e Howard T e i c h e r , L t . Col . Nor th and Amiram Nir on an u n s u c c e s s f u l m i s s i o n t o Teh ran i n l a t e May of 1986. (Washington P o s t , Feb rua ry 27 , 1987: A19).

On J u l y 25 , 1986, Mr. Nor th i n a computer message t o t h e n N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Adv i se r John P o i n d e x t e r , s t a t e d t h a t Mr. Cave was m e e t i n g w i t h T a b a t a b a i , an I r a n i a n who was r e p o r t e d l y we l l - connec t ed t o I r a n i a n P a r l i a m e n t Speake r R a f s a n j a n i and i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e a rms-for -hos tage d e a l .

I n t h e f a l l of 1986, Mr. Cave was i nvo lved i n a s e r i e s of m e e t i n g s w i t h L t . Co l . Nor th and r e t i r e d A i r Force Maj. Gen. R icha rd V. Seco rd i n t h e i r n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h " t h e R e l a t i v e , " a n I r a n i a n o f f i c i a l who became t h e second c h a n n e l of communicat ion w i t h t h e U.S. On Oc tobe r 6 , 1986, d u r i n g one of t h e s e m e e t i n g s , " t h e R e l a t i v e " r e c e i v e d a B i b l e from t h e U.S. o f f i c i a l s , i n s c r i b e d w i t h a b i b l i c a l pa s sage and b e a r i n g t h e s i g n a t u r e of Ronald Reagan. ( ~ o w e r Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , I X C).

C l a i r George , CIA depu ty d i r e c t o r f o r c l a n d e s t i n e o p e r a t i o n s , t o I d t h e

Tower Commission that Mr. Cave "was paid by me and on paper was working for me. But I think in the heat of battle....George was working for Oliver ~orth." (Washington Post, February 27, 1987: A19).

Test if ied before Tower Comnission

January 5, 1987

CHANNELL, C a r l ( S p i t z ) K u s s e l l



Founder , Channe l l C o r p o r a t i o n , 1983-;

P r e s i d e n t , Western Goals Foundat ion .

Kecent P r e v i o u s Occupa t ions

F i n a n c e D i r e c t o r , Na t iona l C o n s e r v a t i v e P o l i t i c a l Ac t ion Committee (NCPAC), 1979-83;

Manager, E l k i n s Motor Lodge, 1973-79.

Ro le

Mr. C h a n n e l l , a h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l f u n d r a i s e r f o r c o n s e r v a t i v e c a u s e s , i s b e l i e v e d t o have been h e a v i l y i n v o l v e d i n L t . Col . ~ o r t h ' s e f f o r t s t o r a i s e p r i v a t e f u n d s f o r t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s . (Washington P o s t , F e b r u a r y 21, 1987: A l , A18, A19).

The o f f i c e of t h e s p e c i a l c o u n s e l a p p o i n t e d t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e I r a n arms s a l e s and C o n t r a a i d i s examining t h e a c t i v i t i e s of Mr. C h a n n e l l . I t h a s i s s u e d subpeonas f o r r e c o r d s of t h e n i n e f o u n d a t i o n s , l o b b i e s , c o r p o r a t i o n s and p o l i t i c a l a c t i o n conani t tees a s s o c i a t e d wi th Mr. C h a n n e l l .

The Lowell (Mass.) Sun, h a s charged t h a t some of t h e p r o f i t s o f t h e I r a n a rms s a l e s were f u n n e l e d t o t h e N a t i o n a l Endowment f o r t h e P r e s e r v a t i o n o f L i b e r t y , one of Mr. ~ h a n n e l l ' s l a r g e s t f o u n d a t i o n s . Mr. Channe l l h a s d e n i e d a l l c h a r g e s a s " o u t r a g e o u s , l i b e l o u s l i e s . " ( C h r i s t i a n S c i e n c e M o n i t o r , J a n u a r y 21 , 1987: 3 6 ) (New York Times, J a n u a r y 9 , 1987: A10). Cox Newspapers r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e f e d e r a l l y funded agency , t h e N a t i o n a l Endowment f o r Democracy, gave $493,773 ove r a three-month p e r i o d t o t h e I n s t i t u t e f o r North-South I s s u e s , an o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h t i e s t o Mr. Channe l l t h r o u g h t h e Washington p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s f i r m I B C , run by F r a n c i s Gomez and R i c h a r d M i l l e r . ( V i l l a g e Vo ice , March 1 0 , 1987: 17-20).

Documents r e l e a s e d b y t h e Tower Commission Repor t s u g g e s t l i n k s between Mr. ~ h a n n e l l ' s p o l i t i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s and c o r p o r a t i o n s t h a t were s e c r e t l y p r o v i d i n g arms t o t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s . One document , a f l o w c h a r t found i n t h e o f f i c e of L t . Col . Nor th , u s e s d o t t e d l i n e s and a r r o w s t o t r a c e c o r p o r a t e

c o n n e c t i o n s . The f l o w c h a r t shows a p p a r e n t c o n n e c t i o n s between o r g a n i z a t i o n s run by Mr. Channe l l and such c o r p o r a t i o n s a s Lake Resources . A c o r p o r a t i o n r e g i s t e r e d i n Panama w i t h a bank accoun t i n S w i t z e r l a n d , Lake Resources was c o n t r o l l e d by Mr. Nor th and r e t i r e d Maj. Gen. Richard V . Secord . I t was s e t up i n May 1985, two months b e f o r e t h e f i r s t shipment of weapons t o I r a n , and d i s s o l v e d one week a f t e r t h e White House conf i rmed t h e I r a n arms s a l e s . (New York Times, J a n u a r y 14 , 1987, S e c t i o n 3 : 6 ) .

ABC News r e p o r t e d t h a t $2 .2 m i l l i o n was c o n t r i b u t e d t o a Channe l l p r o j e c t code-named "Toys", and t h a t t h e money was used f o r m i l i t a y a i d t o t h e r e b e l s a t a t ime when t h e Boland Amendment f o r b a d e "any a s s i s t a n c e f o r t h e pu rpose o f , o r ( h a v i n g ) t h e e f f e c t of s u p p o r t i n g d i r e c t o r i n d i r e c t m i l i t a r y o r p a r a m i l i t a r y a i d i n Nicaragua by any n a t i o n , group, o r g a n i z a t i o n , movement o r i n d i v i d u a l . "

CICIPPIO, J o s e p h J.



Deputy C o m p t r o l l e r , American U n i v e r s i t y of B e i r u t

Kol e

Mr. C i c i p p i o was t aken h o s t a g e on September 12 , 1986, on t h e campus of t h e American U n i v e r s i t y i n West B e i r u t , by a l -Baa th C e l l s O r g a n i z a t i o n ( V o i c e o f Lebanon, September 13 , 19861, o r Umar al-Mukkhtar Fo rces of t h e Arab R e v o l u t i o n a r y C e l l s ( B e i r u t Radio , September 14 , 1986) , o r by t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n o f R e v o l u t i o n a r y J u s t i c e (Agency France P r e s s , September 2 , 1986) . He r e m a i n s i n c a p t i v i t y a s of March 27, 1987.

CLARRIDGE, Duane



C h i e f , European D i v i s i o n , CIA D i r e c t o r a t e f o r O p e r a t i o n s .


C h i e f , CIA Cove r t O p e r a t i o n s , Middle E a s t , 1985;

C h i e f , C I A Cove r t O p e r a t i o n s , L a t i n America, 1984;

C I A S t a t i o n C h i e f , I t a l y , 1981. (New York Times J a n u a r y 21 , 1987: 1 ) .

Ro le

On November 21 , 1985, Mr. C l a r r i d g e was asked by L t . Col . O l i v e r Nor th t o a s s i s t i n o b t a i n i n g a n o v e r f l i g h t c l e a r a n c e f o r an E l A 1 747 f l i g h t . The f l i g h t was t o d e l i v e r arms t o I r a n . Mr. C l a r r i d g e was informed by C h a r l e s A l l e n , C I A N a t i o n a l I n t e l l i g e n c e O f f i c e r , t h a t t h e f l i g h t was p a r t of a n o p e r a t i o n t o l i b e r a t e t h e American h o s t a g e s i n Lebanon, The c l e a r a n c e was d e n i e d . Mr. C l a r r i d g e t h e n he lped p rov ide a CIA p r o p r i e t a r y p l a n e and p e r s o n n e l t o L t . Col. Nor th t o g e t a shipment of Hawk m i s s i l e s from I s r a e l t o I r a n on November 25, 1985. T h i s a c t i o n was a u t h o r i z e d by Edward J u c h n i e w i c z , a c t i n g Deputy D i r e c t o r of O p e r a t i o n s . (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , V B). Mr. C l a r r i d g e c l a i m s he t hough t t h e shipment c o n t a i n e d o i l d r i l l i n g equipment . Mr. C l a r r i d g e r e p o r t e d l y worked w i t h L t . Col. North and t h e FBI i n a p l a n t o f r e e h o s t a g e P e t e r K i lbu rn and apprehend h i s k i d n a p p e r s . (Time F e b r u a r y 2 , 1987: 221, (New York Times J a n u a r y 21 , 1987: 1 ) .


December 1 8 , 1986

C L I N E S , Thomas



I n v e s t o r and c o n s u l t a n t

Recen t P r e v i o u s Occupa t ions

C I A o f f i c i a l , 1949-1978

Ro le

Mr. C l i n e s i s r e p o r t e d l y l i n k e d t o sh ipmen t s o f arms and ammunit ion t o t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s . These arms were r e p o r t e d l y o b t a i n e d by u s i n g bogus documents o f U.S. and Canadian companies. O r i g i n a t i n g i n P o r t u g a l , t h e a rms were p u r p o r t e d l y t o be s e n t t o Guatemala but i n f a c t were d e s t i n e d f o r t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s , a f t e r t h e U.S. Congress banned t h e U.S. government f rom g i v i n g m i l i t a r y a s s i s t a n c e t o t h e r e b e l s .

Documentat ion j u s t i f y i n g t h e b u l k of t h e arms sh ipmen t s was s u b m i t t e d t o t h e P o r t u g u e s e government by Energy Resources I n t e r n a t i o n a l . The Washington P o s t r e p o r t e d t h a t documents f i l e d w i th P o r t u g a l ' s N a t i o n a l Armaments D i r e c t o r a t e g i v e t h e a d d r e s s of Energy Resources I n t e r n a t i o n a l a s 440 Maple Avenue, i n Vienna , V i r g i n i a , t h e same a d d r e s s a t t h a t t i m e by a company p a r t l y owned by r e t i r e d A i r Fo rce Maj. Gen. R icha rd V . Seco rd . Mr. C l i n e s i s s a i d t o have worked w i t h Mr. Secord and Mr. A l b e r t Hakim, Mr. S e c o r d ' s b u s i n e s s p a r t n e r . Mr. C l i n e s worked w i t h Mr. Secord i n Laos from 1967 t o 1969. (Washington P o s t , J a n u a r y 18, 1987: A16).

Energy Resources I n t e r n a t i o n a l gave t h e Guatemalan c e r t i f i c a t e s t o L i sbon arms d e a l e r , De fex -Por tuga l , which p layed a r o l e i n Nicaraguan r e b e l arms s h i p m e n t s . One of t h r e e Defex p a r t n e r s , J o s e G a r n e l , h a s acknowledged t h a t h i s company h a s done b u s i n e s s w i t h Mr. C l i n e s . (Washington P o s t , J a n u a r y 1 7 , 1987: A l , A9).

Mr. C l i n e s was i n s t r u m e n t a l i n a c q u i r i n g a s h i p used i n May of 1986 i n a n a t t e m p t t o exchange American h o s t a g e s f o r a $ 2 m i l l i o n ransom p u t up by H . Ross P e r o t . (Washington P o s t , J a n u a r y 1 6 , 1987: 4 6 ) .

COY, C r a i g



S t a f f Member, N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Council

R o l e

Comnander Coy r e p o r t e d t o L t . Col. Rober t E a r l , a N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Counc i l member, on Oc tobe r 20 , 1986, t h a t a q u a n t i t y of TOW m i s s i l e s were r e a d y t o be t r a n s p o r t e d t o I r a n . ( ~ o w e r Commission Repor t , Appendex B , IX D).

Comnander C r a i g Coy a s s i s t e d i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of a ch rono logy of t h e I r a n arms i n i t i a t i v e w i t h L t . Col . Nor th , Rober t C. McFarlane, Vice-Admiral P o i n d e x t e r , and L t . Col . Robert E a r l . (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix D , A f t e r m a t h ) .


J a n u a r y 2 , 1987

CROWE, Wi l l i am J .



Chairman, J o i n t C h i e f s of S t a f f


Commander-in-Chief, P a c i f i c , 1983-85;

Commander-in-Chief A l l i e d Fo rces South Europe, 1980-83;

Department c h i e f o f Naval O p e r a t i o n s , Department of t h e Navy, 1977-80;

C o m a n d e r Middle E a s t Fo rce , Bahra in , 1976-77;

D i r e c t o r E a s t As ia and P a c i f i c Region , O f f i c e of S e c r e t a r y o f Defense .

Ro le

Admiral Crowe r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e J o i n t C h i e f s of S t a f f were n o t c o n s u l t e d r e g a r d i n g t h e t r a n s f e r of arms t o I r a n but t h a t , based on i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d by S e c r e t a r y Weinberger , t h e y had de t e rmined t h e "gene ra l o u t l i n e " of t h e o p e r a t i o n . (New York Times, J anua ry 19 , 1987) .


House Armed S e r v i c e s , November 2 4 , 1986

C R U Z , A r t u r o

N a t i o n a l i t y : Nicaragua


R e s i s t a n c e l e a d e r , Uni ted Nicaraguan Oppos i t i on ;

Ambassador ( S a n d i n i s t a government ) ;

Banker .

Ro le

Mr. Cruz r e c e i v e d p r i v a t e funds from L t . Col. O l i v e r North. Mr. Nor th a r r a n g e d f o r Mr. Cruz t o r e c e i v e a $7,000 monthly s t i p e n d from J a n u a r y of 1986, t o November of 1986. Mr. Cruz t o l d FBI o f f i c i a l s t h a t Mr. Nor th t o l d him t h a t he would a r r a n g e f o r him t o r e c e i v e money from a " p r i v a t e f o r e i g n source ." Mr. Cruz s t a t e d t h a t he d i d n o t know who pa id t h e money. (wash ing ton P o s t , Feb rua ry 21, 1987: A l , A20).

D e GARAY, Edward



P r e s i d e n t and Cha i rman , C o r p o r a t e A i r S e r v i c e s , I n c .

As c h a i r m a n of a P e n n s y l v a n i a a i r t r a n s p o r t company, C o r p o r a t e A i r S e r v i c e s , I n c . , Mr. De G a r a y was i n v o l v e d i n s h i p p i n g s u p p l i e s t o t h e N i c a r a g u a n r e b e l s . (New York T i m e s , F e b r u a r y 2 8 , 1987: A6).

Mr. De G a r a y was g r a n t e d l i m i t e d immuni ty on F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 b y i n v e s t i g a t o r y Commit tes o f t h e House and t h e S e n a t e i n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e I r a n arms i n i t i a t i v e / ~ o n t r a r e f u n d i n g i s s u e . ( ~ e w s w e e k , March 9 , 1987 : 3 4 ) . Eugene H a s e n f u s , a n Amer ican who was on a n a i r c r a f t s h o t down i n O c t o b e r 1986 by t h e N i c a r a g u a n government w h i l e i t was d r o p p i n g s u p p l i e s t o t h e r e b e l s , h a s s a i d h e was h i r e d by Mr. D e ~ a r a ~ ' s company. ( w a l l S t r e e t J o u r n a l , F e b r u a r y 2 7 , 1987 : 6 ) .

DUTTON, Robe r t C.



A s s i s t a n t t o r e t i r e d A i r Force Maj. Gen. Richard V . Secord ;

Employee, S t a n f o r d Techno log ie s , I n c .


Pentagon S p e c i a l O p e r a t i o n s D i v i s i o n ;

A i r F o r c e M i l i t a r y A s s i s t a n c e Advisory Group, I r a n .

R o l e

Along w i t h r e t i r e d A i r Force Maj. Gen. Richard V . Secord and L t . Co l . R icha rd Gadd, Mr. Dut ton r e p o r t e d l y handled t h e l o g i s t i c a l and f i n a n c i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r t h e d e l i v e r y of s u p p l i e s t o t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s u s i n g C o r p o r a t e A i r S e r v i c e s , a Pennsy lvan ia a i r t r a n s p o r t company run by Edward De Garay . He i s s a i d t o have s u p e r v i s e d t h e c o n t r a supp ly o p e r a t i o n i n E l S a l v a d o r by r a d i o from h i s Vienna, V i r g i n i a o f f i c e . According t o t h e S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e Committee R e p o r t , Mr. Dutton was i n Tel Aviv, I s r a e l i n t h e f a l l o f 1985, s u p e r v i s i n g t h e l o a d i n g of a p l a n e c a r r y i n g TOW a n t i - t a n k m i s s i l e s t o I r a n . (Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l , February 27, 1987: A6) (Washington P o s t , J a n u a r y 1 8 , 1987: ~ 1 6 ) ( ~ e w York Times November 30 , 1986).

Mr. Dut ton was g r a n t e d l i m i t e d immunity on Feb rua ry 27 , 1987, by t h e S e n a t e and t h e House i n v e s t i g a t i v e C o m i t t e e s .


S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e Committee, December 10 , 1986; t o o k F i f t h Amendment.

EARL, Robert



Staff Member, National Security Council

Role

Colonel Earl was told by Commander Craig Coy, a National Security Council staffer, that a quantity of TOW missiles was ready to be transported to Iran. (Tower Commission Report, Appendix B, IX Dl.

Colonel Earl was assigned to the National Security Council's "Operations sub-~roup" (OSG), co-chaired by Lt. Col. Oliver North. The OSG was a small group that coordinated the government's counterterrorism efforts. (Washington Post, February 17, 1987: A10).

Testified before Congress

Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, December 12, 1986; took Sixth Amendment.

FAHD, I b n Abdal-Aziz

N a t i o n a l i t y : Saudi Arab ia


King of Saudi Arabia


Prime M i n i s t e r , 1982-;

F i r s t Deputy Prime M i n i s t e r , 1975-82.

Ro le

King Fahd i s b e l i e v e d t o have o f f e r e d t o p r o v i d e funds t o t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s . The Tower Commission Repor t c o n t a i n s a w r i t t e n s t a t e m e n t f rom fo rmer N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Adv i se r Rober t McFarlane s t a t i n g t h a t "a f o r e i g n o f f i c i a l " o f f e r e d i n May o r June of 1984 t o p r o v i d e $ 1 m i l l i o n a month i n " p e r s o n a l funds" t o t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s . The Washington Pos t r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e p e r s o n a l f u n d s came f rom King Fahd. (Feb rua ry 28, 1987: A13). Accord ing t o t e s t i m o n y g i v e n by Mr. McFarlane, t h e amount was s u b s e q u e n t l y i n c r e a s e d t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y $2 m i l l i o n a month, and amounted t o $25 m i l l i o n d u r i n g 1985. Dur ing t h i s t i m e o f f i c i a l U.S. a i d was c u t o f f .

The Saud i Embassy i s s u e d a s t a t e m e n t on October 21 , 1986, which s a i d , 1 I S aud i Arab ia i s n o t , and h a s n o t been, i nvo lved e i t h e r d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y i n a n y m i l i t a r y o r o t h e r s u p p o r t a c t i v i t y of any k ind f o r , o r i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h , any g r o u p , o r g roups , concerned w i t h Nicaragua."

FARINA,

Nat i o n a

C u r r e n t

Roland

l i t y : S w i t z e r

Occupa t ion

l and

Accoun tan t , Companie d e S e r v i c e s F i d u c i a r i e s

Kol e

Mr. F a r i n a i s l i s t e d a s a p r i n c i p a l o f f i c e r i n Albon Va lues C o r p o r a t i o n , a Panamanian c o r p o r a t i o n e s t a b l i s h e d i n September 1985 and r e p o r t e d l y u sed i n t h e t r a n s f e r of f u n d s from t h e I r a n arms i n i t i a t i v e t o t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s . The Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l ( ~ a n u a r ~ 30 , 1987: 50) r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e money was p a i d by w i r e t r a n s f e r t o a second c o r p o r a t i o n c o n t r o l l e d by S o u t h e r n A i r T r a n s p o r t , which was i n s t r u m e n t a l i n buying and m a i n t a i n i n g p l a n e s used i n t h e N ica raguan r e b e l r e s u p p l y e f f o r t . Mr. F a r i n a ' s name h a s appea red i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h o t h e r c o r p o r a t i o n s i n Bermuda, S w i t z e r l a n d and Panama t h a t a r e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h W i l l a r d I . Zucker , a manager of Compagnie d e S e r v i c e s F i d u c i a r i e s . These c o r p o r a t i o n s and Mr. Zucker p e r s o n a l l y have been l i n k e d i n t h e p r i v a t e f u n d i n g e f f o r t f o r t h e C o n t r a s . (Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l , J a n u a r y 30 , 1987: 50 ) .

FIERS, Alan



C I A , C e n t r a l America t a s k f o r c e c h i e f

R o l e

Mr. F i e r s informed C I A s t a t i o n c h i e f s i n t h e f a l l of 1985, t h a t r e s t r i c t i o n s had been e a s e d a l l o w i n g " i n t e l l i g e n c e sha r ing" between t h e CIA and t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s . This message was p u r p o r t e d l y i n t e n d e d t o a l l o w CIA o p e r a t i v e s t o a i d Lt . Col. Nor th and h i s p r i v a t e supp ly ne twork t o t h e a n t i - S a n d i n i s t a r e b e l s . (Newsweek, March 2 , 1987: 2 6 ) .

Mr. F i e r s was a key member of t h e R e s t r i c t e d I n t e r a g e n c y Group (RIG) on C e n t r a l America, which convened once o r t w i c e a week a t t h e S t a t e Depar tment . The o t h e r p r i n c i p a l members o f t h e R I G were Mr. Nor th and A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y o f S t a t e E l l i o t t Abrams. (Washington P o s t , Feb rua ry 27, 1987: A18).

FORTIER , Donald R. ( d e c e a s e d )



Deputy t o former Na t iona l S e c u r i t y Adv i se r John M . P o i n d e x t e r ;

S p e c i a l A s s i s t a n t t o t h e P r e s i d e n t ;

S e n i o r D i r e c t o r f o r P o l i t i c a l M i l i t a r y A f f a i r s .

Ro le

I n May o f 1985, Mr. F o r t i e r a c t i n g on i n s t r u c t i o n s f rom t h e n - N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Adv i so r Rober t McFar lane , a sked t h e C I A t o p r e p a r e a n i n t e l l i g e n c e a s s e s s m e n t on I r a n . T h i s r e q u e s t , f o l l o w i n g on Michael L e d e e n ' s t r i p t o I s r a e l e a r l i e r t h a t month, r e s u l t e d i n Graham F u l l e r ' s a s s e s s m e n t a r g u i n g t h a t t h e t i m e was r i p e f o r a n opening t o I r a n .

Mr. F o r t i e r co -au tho red , w i t h Na t iona l S e c u r i t y Counc i l a i d e Howard T e i c h e r , a June 1 1 , 1985, N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y D e c i s i o n D i r e c t i v e t h a t p roposed a l l o w i n g f r i e n d l y s t a t e s t o s e l l t o I r a n arms " t h a t would n o t a f f e c t t h e s t r a t e g i c b a l a n c e a s a means of showing I r a n t h a t i t had a l t e r n a t i v e s " t o t h e S o v i e t s . The NSDD was d e l i v e r e d t o S e c r e t a r y of Defense Caspar Weinbe rge r and S e c r e t a r y o f S t a t e George S c h u l t z . (Tower Comrni~sion R e p o r t , Appendix B I1 B ) . Mr. F o r t i e r was f u l l y b r i e f e d of a " n o t i o n a l t i m e l i n e " f o r t h e I r a n arms s a l e s program p r e p a r e d by L t . Col . Nor th i n J a n u a r y of 1986. ( S e n a t e S e l e c t Committee on I n t e l l i g e n c e : 1 9 ) .

Mr. F o r t i e r d i e d o f c a n c e r i n 1986.

FRASER, Donald

N a t i o n a l i t y : Canada


P r e s i d e n t , T r i a d America Corpo ra t ion

Ro le

Accord ing t o p r e s s a c c o u n t s , Canadian b u s i n e s s p a r t n e r s Donald F r a s e r and E r n e s t M i l l e r p rov ided Adnan Khashoggi between $10 and $40 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s t h r o u g h a Caymen I s l a n d s bank t o h e l p f i n a n c e a U.S. arms sh ipment t o I r a n i n 1986. When Mr. Khashoggi f a i l e d t o r e imbur se them i n f u l l , t h e y r e p o r t e d l y su rmised t h a t some of t h e I r a n i a n payment may have been d i v e r t e d t o t h e t h e C o n t r a s . (Washington P o s t , December 2 4 , 1986: A - 1 , A-8).

Roy Furmark, b u s i n e s s a s s o c i a t e of Adnan Khashoggi , informed t h e n C I A D i r e c t o r Wi l l i am Casey on October 7 , 1986, t h a t Mr. Khashoggi had borrowed t h e money t o f i n a n c e t h e arms t r a n s f e r s from two Canadians. Fu r the rmore , Mr. Furmark t o l d M r . Casey t h a t " t h e Canadians were p u t t i n g l o t s of p r e s s u r e on Adnan (Khashogg i ) , and t h a t t h e y were go ing t o s u e him and he would have t o b r i n g i n ( s i c ) t h e U.S. i n t o t h e t r a n s a c t i o n . " (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B, I X D). ( S e n a t e S e l e c t Committee on I n t e l l i g e n c e : 3 6 ) .

FULLER, Graham



N a t i o n a l I n t e l l i g e n c e O f f i c e r f o r t h e Middle E a s t , C I A

R o l e

Mr. F u l l e r p r e p a r e d a f i ve -page memorandum f o r u s e by fo rmer N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A d v i s e r Rober t McFarlane, a t t h e r e q u e s t o f Donald F o r t i e r , i n May o f 1985, t h r e e months b e f o r e I s r a e l began s h i p p i n g American weapons t o I r a n . Mr. F u l l e r ' s memorandum recommended t h e s a l e of arms t o I r a n a s one way t o enhance Western i n f l u e n c e i n Tehran . Mr. F u l l e r a rgued t h a t t h e t ime was r i p e f o r a l t e r n a t i v e p o l i c i e s t o be pursued because t h e p r e s e n t I r a n i a n reg ime was f a l t e r i n g and t h a t a s t r u g g l e f o r s u c c e s s i o n was imminent. He s u g g e s t e d a number of p o l i c y a c t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g encourag ing " f r i e n d l y s t a t e s " t o s e l l a rms t o I r a n . (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , I1 8). (New York Times , March 4 , 1987: A14).

FURMARK, Roy



New York l awyer and bus inessman, ene rgy c o n s u l t a n t , Furmark Corp.

Ro le

A s a bus ines sman , Mr. Furrnark has been invo lved i n many d e a l s i n t h e Middle E a s t and h a s a t t e m p t e d t o s e l l goods t o I r a n . Mr. Furmark t o o k p a r t i n a J u l y of 1985 mee t ing i n I s r a e l w i t h Yaacov Nimrodi, Manucher G h o r b a n i f a r , Amiram Nir, and A 1 Schwirnmer t o d i s c u s s t h e t e c h n i c a l i t i e s of t h e I r a n arms sh ipmen t s . (Tower Commission, Appendix B , 111).

A c t i n g on b e h a l f of Adnan Khashoggi , who complained t h a t he had n o t been r e p a i d money t h a t h e s p e n t t o f a c i l i t a t e a U.S. shipment of arms t o I r a n , Mr. Furmark met t h r e e t i m e s w i t h f r i e n d and former a s s o c i a t e Wil l iam Casey i n Oc tobe r and November 1986, i n an a t t e m p t t o l o c a t e t h e funds . Manucher G h o r b a n i f a r , t h e I r a n i a n arms merchant , t o l d Mr. Furmark i n an August o f 1986 mee t ing i n P a r i s t h a t he s u s p e c t e d money from t h e arms d e a l may have been f u n n e l e d t o t h e Nicaraguan Con t r a s o r t h e Afghan i s t an r e b e l s . On November 24 , a t t h e t h i r d mee t ing between Mr. Furmark and Mr. Casey, Mr. Furmark t o l d Mr. Casey t h a t f u n d s may have gone t o t h e C o n t r a s . ( S e n a t e S e l e c t Committee on I n t e l l i g e n c e : 3 6 , 5 1 ) .


House I n t e l l i g e n c e Committee, December 18 , 1986;

S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e Committee, December 11 , 1986.


J a n u a r y 1 5 , 1987

CADD, R icha rd B.


Kecent P r e v i o u s Occupa t ions

L t . Co l . , Uni ted S t a t e s Air Fo rce ;

Pen tagon , A i r Fo rce S p e c i a l P l a n s , 1980-81;

A i r Commando, Uni ted S t a t e s A i r Force .

Kol e

Mr. Gadd r e p o r t e d l y he lped manage t h e d e l i v e r y of arms s u p p l i e s t o t h e ConLras u n t i l t h i s r o l e was assumed by R icha rd Dut ton . His company, American N a t i o n a l Management C o r p o r a t i o n , had been h i r e d by t h e S t a t e Depar tment t o s h i p h u m a n i t a r i a n a i d t o t h e C o n t r a s . (Washington P o s t , J a n u a r y 1 8 , 1987: A-16). The Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l r e p o r t e d though t h e f u l l s c o p e of L t . Co l . Gadd ' s r o l e r ema ins u n c l e a r , he o f f e r e d a p r i v a t e a i r l i f t c a p a b i l i t y t h a t t h e U.S. m i l i t a r y was t h e n unab le t o p r o v i d e f o r c o v e r t U.S. o p e r a t i o n s . (Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l , Feb rua ry 1 3 , 1987: 5 0 ) .

GARNEL, Jose

Nationality: Portugal

Current Occupation

Director and part-owner, Defex-Portugal

Role

Mr. Garnel reportedly played an important role in facilitating the shipment through Portugal of arms intended for the Nicaraguan rebels. Defex-Portugal, a Lisbon trading firm, reportedly facilitated many of the Nicaraguan rebel arms shipments from Europe, Expresso, a Portuguese weekly publication, estimated that Portuguese arms makers supplied more than $8 million in weapons and ammunition to the rebels in 1984 and 1985. Mr. Garnel reportedly dealt with Thomas Clines, ex-CIA official. (Washington Post, January 16, 1987: 46).

GATES, Rober t H .



Deputy D i r e c t o r , C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency, 1986-


A c t i n g D i r e c t o r , C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency, 1987;

Chairman, N a t i o n a l I n t e l l i g e n c e C o u n c i l , 1983;

Deputy D i r e c t o r f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e , 1982;

N a t i o n a l I n t e l l i g e n c e O f f i c e , S o v i e t Union, 1980-?;

S t a f f , N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y C o u n c i l , 1966-74.

Ro le

Along w i t h fo rmer Deputy D i r e c t o r John McMahon, Mr. G a t e s t o o k p a r t i n a m e e t i n g on J a n u a r y 18 , 1986, where he was in formed by L t . Col . O l i v e r Nor th and fo rmer N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y Adv i se r John P o i n d e x t e r t h a t P r e s i d e n t Reagan had s i g n e d a s e c r e t f i n d i n g t h e day b e f o r e and t h a t t h e C I A was r e q u e s t e d t o p r o v i d e s u p p o r t f o r t h e arms sh ipmen t s . Mr. Ga te s opposed t h e t r a n s f e r o f i n t e l l i g e n c e t o I r a n .

One of t h e computer messages from Mr. P o i n d e x t e r t h a t was r e l e a s e d by t h e Tower Commission Repor t i n d i c a t e d t h a t Mr. Ga te s knew a b o u t t h e p r i v a t e ne twork t h a t f i n a n c e d and s u p p l i e d t h e Nicaraguan r e b e l s . "I d i d t e l l G a t e s t h a t I t h o u g h t t h e p r i v a t e e f f o r t shou ld be phased o u t , " Mr. P o i n d e x t e r t o l d Mr. Nor th i n J u l y o f 1986, a f t e r Congress vo t ed t o resume U.S. a i d t o t h e N ica raguan r e b e l s . Mr. G a t e s t e s t i f i e d i n December of 1986 , t h a t h e l e a r n e d of t h e p o s s i b l e d i v e r s i o n of funds t o t h e r e b e l s from U.S. arms s a l e s t o I r a n i n O c t o b e r of 1986. (Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l , Feb rua ry 18 , 1987: 2 ) . Accord ing t o t h e Tower Comnission R e p o r t , C h a r l e s A l l e n , CIA N a t i o n a l I n t e l l i g e n c e O f f i c e r f o r C o u n t e r t e r r o r i s m , warned Mr. G a t e s a b o u t t h e d i v e r s i o n of money f rom t h e I r a n i a n arms s a l e s . " I s a i d pe rhaps t h e money h a s been d i v e r t e d t o t h e c o n t r a s , and I s a i d I c a n ' t p rove i t , " Mr. A l l e n t o l d t h e Commission. " ~ a t e s was d e e p l y d i s t u r b e d by t h a t and a sked me t o b r i e f t h e ~ i r e c t o r . " (Newsweek, March 9 , 1987: 3 0 ) .

Mr. G a t e s h a s d e n i e d a l l s u g g e s t i o n s t h a t he i g n o r e d o r c o v e r e d up e v i d e n c e of i m p r o p r i e t i e s . Mr. G a t e s s a i d h e had " p r e s s e d " Mr. N o r t h f o r i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e C I A ' S r o l e i n a p r i v a t e n e t w o r k s u p p l y i n g a i d t o t h e N i c a r a g u a n r e b e l s . Mr. G a t e s s a i d he had been " a s s u r e d " by Mr. N o r t h t h a t t h e a g e n c y was " c l e a n . " Mr. G a t e s s a i d h e e x p r e s s e d "concern" a b o u t t h e a g e n c y ' s f a i l u r e t o n o t i f y C o n g r e s s o f t h e a rms s h i p m e n t s t o I r a n i n 1986. (New York T i m e s , March 4 , 1987: 1 4 ) .

Mr. G a t e s was n o m i n a t e d F e b r u a r y 2 , 1987 , t o be D i r e c t o r o f C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e . On March 1 , 1987 , he r e q u e s t e d t h a t h i s n o m i n a t i o n b e w i t h d r a w n .

T e s t i f i e d b e f o r e C o n g r e s s

S e n a t e F o r e i g n R e l a t i o n s Commit tee , J a n u a r y 2 1 , 1987;

S e n a t e I n t e l l i g e n c e Commit tee , December 4 , 1986 ;

House I n t e l l i g e n c e Commit tee , December 1 0 , 1986.


J a n u a r y 1 2 , 1987

GEORGE, C l a i r



CIA Deputy D i r e c t o r of O p e r a t i o n s (New York T imes , J a n u a r y 9 , 1 9 8 7 )

R o l e

Mr. George was o n e o f s e v e r a l CIA o f f i c i a l s ( s e e a l s o C h a r l e s ALLEN a n d G e o r g e CAVE), who h e l p e d L t . Col . O l i v e r N o r t h c a r r y o u t t h e a rms s h i p m e n t s t o I r a n a n d t h e s u p p l y o f weapons t o t h e r e b e l s i n N i c a r a g u a . He became p a r t i c u a r l y a c t i v e a f t e r P r e s i d e n t Reagan s i g n e d a s e c r e t i n t e l l i g e n c e f i n d i n g o n J a n u a r y 1 7 , 1986 which a u t h o r i z e d t h e arms d e a l s w i t h I r a n . (New York T i m e s , F e b r u a r y 2 8 , 1987: A9).


J a n u a r y 1 4 , 1987

GHORBANIFAR, Manucher

N a t i o n a l i t y : I r a n


Bus inessman ( a r m s d e a l e r )

Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r p l a y e d a p r i n c i p a l r o l e i n i n i t i a t i n g and i n p r o v i d i n g f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t f o r I s r a e l i and U.S. arms s a l e s t o I r a n a s w e l l a s i n a c t i n g a s t h e middleman be tween U.S., I s r a e l i and I r a n i a n o f f i c i a l s u n t i l S e p t e m b e r o f 1986. A l t h o u g h b o t h f o r m e r N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A d v i s e r R o b e r t M c F a r l a n e a n d CIA o f f i c i a l s had s e r i o u s r e s e r v a t i n s a b o u t Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r ' s t r u s t w o r t h i n e s s , (Mr. C h o r b a n i f a r had f l u n k e d a CIA-admin i s te red l i e d e t e c t o r t e s t i n J a n u a r y o f 1 9 8 6 ) , h e c o n t i n u e d t o be r e l i e d upon a s t h e p r i n c i p a l middleman i n t h e I r a n i a n a r m s d e a l s . He t r a v e l e d be tween Wash ing ton , R . C . , European c a p i t a l s a n d T e h r a n u n t i l S e p t e m b e r of 1986. ( S e n a t e S e l e c t Commit tee on I n t e l l i g e n c e : 2 2 , 2 3 ) . By l a t e A u g u s t - e a r l y Sepeember of 1986 , Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r ' s p o s i t i o n a s t h e p r i n c i p a l middleman was s e r i o u s l y q u e s t i o n e d by t h e CIA b e c a u s e of f i n a n c i a l d i s c r e p a n c i e s . On Sep tember 1 0 , 1986 , f o r m e r N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A d v i s e r J o h n P o i n d e x t e r t o l d L t . Co l . N o r t h t o c o n c e n t r a t e on d e v e l o p i n g a r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h a n o t h e r c h a n n e l o f c o m u n i c a t i o n , known a s t h e s e c o n d c h a n n e l o r " t h e R e l a t i v e , " and t o abandon Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r i f p o s s i b l e . Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r was t o be "used a s a l a s t r e s o r t . " ( S e n a e e S e l e c t Commit tee on I n t e l l i g e n c e : 3 3 1 , (Tower Commission R e p o r t , Appendix B , IX A ) . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e Tower Commission R e p o r t , a s a r e s u l t of Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r ' s r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h L t . C o l . O l i v e r N o r t h , h e became a key s o u r c e of t h e i n t e l l i g e n c e Amer ican o f f i c i a l s were r e c e i v i n g a b o u t I r a n and t h e h o s t a g e s i n B e i r u t . (New York T imes , March 1, 1987: 5 ) .

The Tower Commission R e p o r t c o n f i r m e d t h a t American o f f i c i a l s , t h r o u g h Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r , d e a l t w i t h t h e t o p l e a d e r s o f t h e I r a n i a n g o v e r n m e n t . Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r d e a l t p r i m a r i l y w i t h I r a n ' s Pr ime M i n i s t e r , Mir H u s s e i n Musav i , a n d i t s O i l M i n i s t e r , Ghalam Reza Agazedeh, who p a i d f o r t h e a rms . Mr. G h o r b a n i f a r s a i d however t h a t h e was d e a l i n g