northrop consulting engineers pty ltd preliminary ......ac 1 pdf northrop consulting engineers p/l...

Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd

Preliminary Contamination Assessment

82- 102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah, NSW

7 June 2016

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Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah

Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483

i

Preliminary Contamination Assessment

Prepared for Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd Level 2, 88 Phillip St, Parramatta NSW 2150

Prepared by Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd Level 19, Tower B, Citadel Tower 799 Pacific Highway Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia t: +61 2 9406 1119 f: +61 2 9911 1003

7 June 2016

Attention: Mr Mal brown

Our ref: GEOTLCOV25627AA-AC

Dear Mal,

Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd (Coffey) is pleased to present this report on a Preliminary Contamination Assessment at Lot 1 DP 795498, and Lot 2 DP 126471 (82-102 Amundsen Street), Leumeah, NSW

The document titled “Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report” should be read in conjunction with this report. Should you have any questions in relation to this report, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.

For and on behalf of Coffey

James Boyle Senior Environmental Scientist



ii

Quality information

Revision history

Revision Description Date Author Reviewer

AC Final 08/06/2016 James Boyle Colee Quayle

Distribution

Report Status No. of copies Format Distributed to Date

AC 1 PDF Northrop Consulting Engineers P/L (Mal Brown)

08/06/2016



iii

Executive summary

Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd (Northrop) is currently in the process of applying for a rezoning of Lot 1 DP 795498, and Lot 2 DP 126471 (82-102 Amundsen Street), Leumeah, NSW (hereafter referred to as ‘the site’). The site is to be rezoned to allow residential development, and to support the rezoning application to Campbelltown City Council (Council), Northrop requires a preliminary contamination assessment (PCA) to be undertaken at the site.

The objective of the assessment was to determine the likely level of contamination associated with previous land uses of the subject areas, and determine the need for further investigations and potential remediation. This report provides the results of the PCA.

The scope of work developed to meet this objective included a review of site history information and site walkover. The results of the desk study and site walkover were interpreted and assessed with respect to these objectives.

Site history information indicates that the site is situated within a rural residential area of Leumeah and has operated as a rural farming property since the early 20th century. Farming activities have included cattle and horse grazing, and crop/orchard growing. Orchard growing had progressively reduced in scale by 1984. Two residences (and associated sheds) are present on-site, in addition to septic tanks/absorption areas and an existing and infilled dam. The off-site sports field (Biehler Reserve) was formerly a quarry, and was backfilled with unknown soil by 1984.

There were some gaps in the site history, which cannot preclude other potentially contaminating activities occurring or additional structures having been present at the site. Five potential Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) and associated contaminants of concern were identified at the site, including:

AEC 1: Imported fill within the former dam in Lot 2;

AEC 2: Sediments within the dam in Lot 1, and the former dam in Lot 2, due to potential accumulation of pesticides and metals from elsewhere on the site via surface runoff ;);

AEC 3: Former orchards (and other crop growing areas) due to potential former application of pesticides;

AEC 4: Existing dwellings and immediate surrounds due to:

Potential weathering of hazardous building materials of site structures;

Septic tanks and absorption trenches (moderate to high likelihood of contamination);;

Storage of chemicals; and

Potential application of pesticides around buildings

AEC 5: Biehler reserve to the south of the site due to potential migration of contamination beneath the site (low to moderate likelihood of contamination);

Based on available information, the likelihood of contamination within these AECs was assessed as low to high.

Further investigation would be required to assess the nature of contamination (if present) and risk it may pose to human health and the environment. This commonly involves directly assessing the AEC’s through intrusive investigation to establish contamination status of the site and whether remediation and/or management of contamination (if identified) is warranted. Intrusive works could be undertaken in conjunction with future intrusive geotechnical investigation works (if undertaken).



iv

This executive summary must be read in conjunction with the full report and in the context of the attached “Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report” and “Important Information about your Coffey Report” and to the statement of limitations in Section 10 of this report.



v

Abbreviations

ACM Asbestos Containing Materials

AEC Area of Environmental Concern

AHD Australian Height Datum

AST Aboveground Storage Tank

bgs below ground surface

BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes

COPC Chemical of potential concern

CSM Conceptual Site Model

NEPM National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure

OCP Organochlorine Pesticide

OPP Organophosphorus Pesticide

PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon

PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl

PCA Preliminary Contamination Assessment

TRH Total Recoverable Hydrocarbons

UST Underground Storage Tank

VHC Volatile Halogenated Compounds

VOC Volatile Organic Compound



vi

Table of contents

Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... v

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1

2. Scope of works ............................................................................................................................ 1

3. Summary of site details and surroundings .................................................................................. 1

3.1. Site identification ............................................................................................................... 1

3.2. Topography, drainage, soil, geology & hydrogeology ....................................................... 2

4. Site history ................................................................................................................................... 3

4.1. Summary of site history ..................................................................................................... 3

4.2. Summary of site history ..................................................................................................... 4

4.3. Gaps in the site history ...................................................................................................... 5

5. Site observations ......................................................................................................................... 5

6. Potential contamination sources and associated contaminants of potential concern ................. 9

7. Conceptual site model ............................................................................................................... 12

7.1. Potential exposure pathways .......................................................................................... 12

7.2. Primary release mechanisms .......................................................................................... 12

7.3. Potential receptors .......................................................................................................... 12

7.3.1. Onsite ................................................................................................................. 12

7.3.2. Offsite ................................................................................................................. 13

8. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 14

9. References ................................................................................................................................ 15

10. Limitations ................................................................................................................................. 15

Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report



vii

Tables

Table 1: Site Identification Details ................................................................................................... 1

Table 2: Topography, drainage, geology and hydrogeology ....................................................... 2

Table 3: Summary of site history .................................................................................................... 3

Table 4: Summary of Potentially Contaminating Activities, Potential Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC), Likelihood of Contamination and Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPC) ........................................................................................................ 10

Figures

Figure 1: Site Layout showing Site Features

Figure 2: Approximate Areas of Environmental Concern

Appendices

Appendix A - Lotsearch search reports


Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016

1

1. Introduction

Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd (Northrop) is currently in the process of applying for a rezoning of Lot 1 DP 795498, and Lot 2 DP 126471 (82-102 Amundsen Street), Leumeah, NSW (hereafter referred to as ‘the site’). The site is to be rezoned to allow residential development, and to support the rezoning application to Campbelltown City Council (Council), Northrop requires a preliminary contamination assessment (PCA) to be undertaken at the site. The site location is shown on Figure 1.

A preliminary geotechnical assessment was also undertaken at the site by Coffey and reported separately (report reference GEOTLCOV25627AA-AB, dated 3 June 2016). This PCA report should be read in conjunction with the geotechnical report.

The objective of the assessment was to determine the likely level of contamination associated with previous land uses of the subject areas, and determine the need for further investigations and potential remediation. This report provides the results of the PCA.

2. Scope of works The work carried out by Coffey to meet the above objectives included:

Review of published information (e.g. topographic, geological, soil landscape maps).

Specific information reviewed for assessing the likelihood of potential contamination to exist at the site included review of: historical title records, historical aerial photographs, a search of NSW EPA records; and holding interviews with persons familiar with the history of the site;

A site walkover to visually assess potential sources of contamination, observe surrounding land uses, topography, drainage, nearby sensitive environments, and assess details of the site history and desk study to further assess potential areas of environmental concern (AECs) and contaminants of potential concern (COPCs).

Preparation of this report summarising results of the desk study and site walkover and making conclusions and recommendations with respect to the objectives outlined in Section Introduction1.

3. Summary of site details and surroundings

3.1. Site identification

Site identification details and surrounding land uses are summarised in Table 1. The site layout and surrounding areas are shown on Figure 1.

Table 1: Site Identification Details

Address: 82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah, NSW

Title identification: Lots 1 DP795498, Lot 1 DP709918 and Lot 2 DP126471

Area (approx.): 4.2ha

Local government area: Campbelltown City Council

County: St Peter



2

Parish: Cumberland

Zoning: DM – ‘Deferred Matter’ under Campbelltown City Council Local Environment Plan 2015.

Current and proposed land use:

Rural / residential (current). Residential (proposed).

Adjoining land uses: West: Amundsen Street followed by low density residential East: Hansens Road followed by low density residential South: Leumeah Road followed by sports fields (Biehler Reserve) North: Baptist Church (northwest) and vacant grassland/trees (northeast)

Site coordinates: 301425 E; 6230206 N (based on the northwestern corner of the site boundary)

3.2. Topography, drainage, soil, geology & hydrogeology

Table 2 summarises topography, drainage, soil, geology and hydrogeology associated with the site. Topography, drainage, soil and geology information was obtained from Lotsearch (refer to Appendix A).

Table 2: Topography, drainage, geology and hydrogeology

Elevation:

Between 128m (northwest boundary) and 114m (southeast boundary) above Australian Height Datum (AHD)

General slope direction:

The site ground surface slopes down from north-west to south-east with the crest of the plateau located towards the north-west corner of the site. The southern boundary of the site (along Leumeah Road) has been cut exposing natural soil/rock.

Closest surface water body:

A tributary of Peter Meadows Creek approximately 50m southeast of the site

Drainage: The site is generally grassed meaning surface water runoff is likely to follow the topographical slope. Some infiltration of surface water into the underlying soils is expected. There is an existing on-site dam along the eastern boundary which is likely to receive surface runoff in this area of the site.

Regional geology: The site locality is underlain by Ashfield Shale comprising black to dark-grey Shale and Laminite

Mining Subsidence There are no mining subsidence districts within 1km of the site.

Ecology Under the NSW EPA’s Threatened Ecological Community database, there is an area mapped as ‘shale sandstone transition forest’ in the eastern site boundary. There is also a small area in the centre of the site mapped as ‘urban exotic/native’, however this category has not been assessed by NSW EPA.

Soil landscape The site is underlain by residual “Blacktown” soils and notes that potential issues for development may include moderate reactivity, high plasticity subsoils.

Groundwater bore search:

There are no registered bores within 1km of the site.

Site specific soil and geology:

Based on site observations made on the site as part of the geotechnical assessment (Coffey, 2016), exposed shale outcrops were observed along the southern boundary and southwestern corner of the site. Observations of a rock cut along Leumeah Road indicated that there are residual clay soils overlying weathered shale. Two shale outcrops were observed on the ground surface in the western side of the site.



3

Depth to groundwater: Seepages were not observed along the cut face along the southern site boundary during the geotechnical investigation. Depth to groundwater is likely to be greater than 5m, with local seepage layers potentially present near the existing dam. (Coffey, 2016)

Inferred groundwater flow direction:

South-easterly direction (based on topography)

4. Site history

4.1. Summary of site history

Information on the Site history was obtained from:

Obtaining a Lotsearch report for the site, which included historical aerial photographs, searches of various NSW EPA registers, and a historical land title search),

Interview with a local resident currently living in 82 Amundsen Street who was familiar with site activities having lived on the site since at least the 1960’s.

The site history information is presented in Appendix A and a summary is provided below. Relevant historical details are shown on Figure 1.

Table 3: Summary of site history

Historical aerial photography

1956, 1961, 1965 & 1970. Two buildings (and miscellaneous objects nearby) were present in the western portion of Lot 1 DP126471, in addition to what appears to be an orchard. There appears to be a dam in the western area of this Lot, adjacent Amundsen Street, and another dam near the central eastern boundary of the site. Offsite, there is a structure (possible building) in the northern area of Lot 1 DP709918. The remainder of the site appears to be a grassed paddock. Surrounding land use is generally low intensity agricultural. The property to the south of the site (beyond Leumeah Road), appears to a quarry with several excavations present.

1984. The dam in the western portion of the site is no longer visible. There are fewer objects surrounding the two buildings in Lot 1 DP126471. Off-site, there is an L-shaped (possibly residential) building within Lot 1 DP709918, and the existing building on this Lot appears to have been demolished. The excavation within the property to the south of the site appears to have been infilled. The remainder of the site and surrounding land use appears similar, noting that residential developments have progressively increased to the west of the site.

1994. The dam in the western area of the site appears to be infilled. In Lot 1 DP126471, there is an additional square shaped structure in-between the two buildings and the suspected orchard is not visible. There are several structures in the northwestern corner of Lot 1DP795498 – it is suspected that this is a residential property with supporting sheds, etc. The remainder of the site and surrounding land use appears similar.

2006 & 2009. There are additional objects surrounding both clusters of buildings in the northwestern and central western areas of the site. The remainder of the site and surrounding land use appear similar to the previous aerial photographs.

Site Interview The Coffey field engineer spoke with a resident of 82 Amundsen Street (Lot 1) during the site walkover. This resident had lived on the property all her life (at least 50 years), and her family had owned the property since the early 20th century. The majority of the site was cleared in the early 20th century, and used for general farming purposes including horse and cattle grazing, and crops. In the latter 20th century, the pea, corn and fruit orchards were present near the



4

residential properties located along Amundsen Road.

A dam was present near 102 Amundsen Street (Lot 2 DP126471), which was infilled several decades ago with soil from an unknown source. Since then, the dam has been used as an absorption area of their septic tanks. The resident was unaware of large scale chemical storage or application being historically applied to crops with the exception of a few commercially available chemicals in small quantities stored in backyard sheds (such as pesticides, fertiliser, lubricants etc). The fibro house in this area is approximately 80 years old.

The resident was not aware of any illegally dumped fill or uncontrolled fill in other filled areas within the site. No other buildings have been present on the site. The sports fields to the south of Leumeah Road used to be a quarry, and it was backfilled with imported fill and turned into a sports field several years ago.

NSW EPA Registers

No listing for this site.

A nearby property (former Endeavour Energy depot), located at Pembroke Road Minto, was notified to NSW EPA under the CLM Act. The depot, located 890m to the north of the site, was deemed by the NSW EPA to not require regulation under the CLM Act.

There are no properties with an active Protection of the Environment Operations (POEO) licence. Former license numbers (4653, 4838, 6630 and 6651) were held by various individuals and organisations and related to the application of herbicides near waterways throughout the region. These licenses were surrendered to the NSW EPA.

Title Search A title search was undertaken of Lot 1 DP795498 and Lot 2 DP126471. The title search indicated that the Lots have been owned by a variety of individuals since 1916. From 1916 to 1985, the listed occupations of the owners were ‘orchardist’.

Heritage Items There are no state heritage items located on the site.

Other information

The Lotsearch report stated that the following activities/sites are not situated within or adjacent the site:

former gasworks , UPSS Sensitive Zones or National Waste Management Site within 1km of the site;

No records in the 1991 business director relating to motor garages and service stations within 150m of the site.

4.2. Summary of site history

The following is a summary of the site history search:

The site has operated as a rural farming property since the early 20th century. Part of these farming operations have included cattle and horse grazing, and crop/orchard growing. Orchard growing has reduced in scale by 1984;

Two residences are present on-site. A residence in the western side of Lot 2 since the 1930’s, and a residence in the northwestern side of Lot 1 since at least 1994.

At least two dams were present on the site. One of these dams (in the western area of Lot 2) was infilled between 1970 and 1984 and now used as an adsorption pit for septic tank waste.

The off-site sports field to the south of Leumeah road was formerly a quarry, and was backfilled by 1984. The quality and source of materials used the backfill of the former quarry are unknown.



5

4.3. Gaps in the site history

The following gaps in the site history were identified:

Limited information is available on the amount and type of chemicals (such as pesticides) that may have been stored and applied on the western areas of the site, during the site’s historical use as an orchard (i.e. pre 1970’s). Availability of people familiar with this detail of the site’s early history was limited during within the delivery period of this report.

Fill of unknown quality and origin, used to fill the dam in the western area of the site. Based on the local topography, there does not appear to have been filling in other areas of the site.

The type of fill material used to backfill the former quarry to the south of Leumeah road (the current day Biehler Reserve) is unknown. Further desk based investigations targeting this Lot may provide additional information.

5. Site observations Site observations were made by Coffey on 31 May 2016. The following site features were observed and also shown on Figure 1 and Photos 1 to 10.

A ridgeline extending in the north-south direction is located along the western end of the site (about 50m to 60m from Amundsen St). The dwellings and other associated sheds/carports on both lots (DP795498 and DP126471) are positioned on this ridgeline. East of the dwellings, the natural ground surface of the site is gently undulating and sloping downwards from west to east.

The site is generally grassed and slightly sloped downwards towards the southeast. A road cutting (up to 4m in height) was observed along the southern boundary of the site on Leumeah Road. The cut is composed of residual soil overlying extremely to moderately weathered shale bedrock.

Lot 1 DP795498

The residence on Lot 1 DP795498 comprised a single storey fibro house (with brick cladding) potentially containing asbestos. The house had a metal roof, and several small metal sheds were observed to the east.

An in ground septic tank was observed (Photograph 1). The tank drained to an absorption trench located approximately 20m to the southeast of the property (Photograph 2).

The sheds contained a variety of tools, farming equipment (fencing poles, metal wire), and relatively small quantities (<100L) of chemicals including lubricant oil, household cleaning products, fuel for lawnmowers, and detergents). Flaking paint was observed on the exterior of some sheds.

Two empty 200L drums were observed in the backyard of the residence (Photograph 3). An above ground steel tank (AST) and two IBC containers were also observed in this area (Photograph 4). The AST and containers were used for storing rainwater collected from the roof of the residential dwelling and sheds.

Areas of apparent oil staining on the ground surface were not observed. No evidence of fibre cement fragments (potentially containing asbestos (ACM)) or flaking paint was observed on the ground surface.

A small farm dam was located at the south-eastern corner of Lot 1 (Photograph 5). During the site visit, the dam was observed to be dry.



6

Lot 2 DP126471

A residence is situated in the eastern side of Lot 2 comprised of a single storey fibro house (Photograph 6).

A single storey metal shed was located to the south of the house (Photograph 7). The shed had wooden floors and house a variety of farming equipment including timber, hay bales, tractor and associated attachments (Photograph 8). Areas of apparent oil staining on the ground surface were not observed.

No evidence of fibre cement fragments (potentially containing asbestos (ACM)) or flaking paint was observed on the ground surface.

A small amount (<50L) of chemicals were stored in the shed, including mechanical grease, coolant and lubricant oil. Three empty 200L drums were observed in the shed.

An in ground septic tank was located to the south of the house (Photograph 9).

A small depression (the former dam mentioned during the site interview) was observed to the east of the residence (Photograph 10). The former dam is used as an absorption pit for the septic tank located adjacent the residence to the west. The ground surface was observed to be boggy.

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9

6. Potential contamination sources and associated contaminants of potential concern

Site history information and site observations indicate that a number of potentially contaminating activities have occurred at the site. These activities and potential sources of include:

Imported fill within the former dam in Lot 2;

Sediments within the dam in Lot 1, and the former dam in Lot 2, due to potential accumulation of pesticides and metals from elsewhere on the site via surface runoff;

Former orchards (and other crop growing areas) due to potential former application of pesticides;

Existing dwellings and immediate surrounds due to:

Potential weathering of hazardous building materials of site structures;

Septic tanks and absorption trenches;

Storage of chemicals; and

Potential application of pesticides around buildings.

Biehler reserve to the south of the site due to potential migration of ground gas beneath the site.

The likelihood of these activities and potential sources of contamination occurring onsite and associated Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPCs) based is discussed in Table 4. A figure showing the approximate location of AECs is included in Figure 2,

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d fo

r di

spos

al

or a

ccum

ula

tion

of c

onta

min

ant

s fr

om u

pslo

pe a

reas

of t

he s

ite.

TR

H, P

AH

, m

etal

s,

OC

P/O

PP

3 F

orm

er o

rcha

rds

in

we

ster

n ar

ea o

f th

e si

te

Pot

entia

l ap

plic

atio

n of

pe

stic

ides

in o

rcha

rds

and

ot

her

are

as u

sed

for

crop

gr

ow

th

Che

mic

als

(su

ch a

s pe

stic

ide

s) c

ould

hav

e b

een

app

lied

to th

e or

char

ds a

nd

othe

r cr

op g

row

ing

area

s in

the

wes

tern

are

a of

the

site

. D

epe

ndin

g o

n th

e vo

lum

e of

che

mic

als

used

, met

hod

of a

pplic

atio

n, a

nd

time

fram

e of

ap

plic

atio

n, c

ont

amin

atio

n m

ay

be p

rese

nt in

nea

r su

rfac

e so

ils, o

r m

ay

hav

e m

igra

ted

to s

hallo

w g

roun

dw

ater

(if

pres

ent)

Soi

l med

ia p

oten

tially

impa

cted

.

Mo

der

ate

likel

ihoo

d of

con

tam

inat

ion.

Li

ttle

info

rmat

ion

is k

now

n ab

out t

he a

pplic

atio

n of

che

mic

als

in

this

are

a.

Ne

wer

pes

ticid

e a

nd

herb

icid

es g

ene

rally

de

gra

de

with

in a

few

mon

ths.

Lim

ited

info

rmat

ion

is a

vaila

ble

con

cern

ing

the

type

of p

estic

ides

use

d in

195

0’s

or

1960

’s,

whi

ch m

ay

have

bee

n m

ore

pers

iste

nt th

an m

oder

n p

estic

ides

. It

is u

nlik

ely

the

orga

nic

com

pone

nt o

f pe

stic

ides

/ he

rbic

ides

pot

ent

ially

use

d w

ill p

ersi

st a

t lev

els

unac

cept

able

to h

uman

hea

lth h

ow

ever

; res

idu

al h

eav

y m

etal

s m

ay

still

be

pres

ent i

n ne

ar s

urfa

ce s

oils

.

Reg

ion

al g

roun

dw

ater

is g

reat

er th

an 5

m d

eep

and

unl

ikel

y to

be

imp

acte

d; h

ow

ever

per

ched

gr

ound

wat

er m

ay

tra

nspo

rt c

hem

ical

s in

to o

nsi

te d

ams

and

loca

l cre

eks.

It

is e

xpec

ted

tha

t ve

rtic

al

mig

ratio

n of

bo

th th

e or

gani

c an

d m

eta

ls c

om

pon

ents

of p

estic

ides

wou

ld b

e sl

ow

ed

in a

reas

wh

ere

cla

yey

grou

nd

cond

ition

s (s

uch

as r

esid

ual s

hale

) e

xist

.

Nut

rient

app

licat

ion

is m

ore

likel

y to

adv

erse

ly im

pact

rec

eiv

ing

wat

er b

odi

es (

e.g.

site

da

ms)

rat

her

than

so

ils.

Acc

umul

atio

n or

ove

ruse

of n

utrie

nts

can

caus

e al

gal b

loom

s, a

nd r

edu

ctio

n in

wat

er

qual

ity.

OC

Ps,

OP

Ps,

he

avy

met

als

4 E

xist

ing

resi

dent

ial

dw

ellin

g an

d im

med

iate

su

rrou

nds

Wea

ther

ing

of h

azar

dous

bu

ildin

g m

ater

ials

suc

h as

le

ad

pain

t, A

CM

and

ga

lvan

ised

iron

. P

oten

tially

pre

sent

aro

und

ex

istin

g si

te s

truc

ture

s (a

nd a

reas

wh

ere

form

er

stru

ctur

es m

ay

have

be

en

pres

ent

).

Typ

ical

ly c

onta

min

atio

n as

soci

ated

with

this

AE

C is

ide

ntifi

ed

adja

cent

to

exis

ting

stru

ctur

es o

r in

are

as w

her

e de

mo

litio

n ha

s ta

ken

plac

e.

Are

as

arou

nd fo

rmer

str

uctu

res

coul

d al

so b

e af

fect

ed if

app

ropr

iate

rem

ova

l of

haza

rdou

s bu

ildin

g m

ater

ials

did

not

occ

ur p

rior

to d

emo

litio

n. C

onta

min

atio

n (if

pre

sent

) w

oul

d ty

pica

lly b

e lo

cate

d in

ne

ar

surf

ace

soils

adj

acen

t to

the

cu

rren

t str

uctu

res.

Gen

eral

ly n

ear s

urfa

ce s

oil a

re p

oten

tially

affe

cted

.

Mo

der

ate

to h

igh

like

liho

od o

f so

il co

ntam

inat

ion.

B

ase

d o

n th

e ag

e of

site

str

uctu

res,

the

y ar

e lik

ely

to

have

or

still

co

ntai

n h

azar

dou

s bu

ildin

g m

ate

rials

suc

h as

asb

esto

s or

lead

bas

ed p

aint

s. O

vert

ime

haza

rdou

s bu

ildin

g m

ater

ials

we

ath

er o

r ar

e da

ma

ged,

imp

actin

g su

rrou

ndi

ng

surf

ace

soils

.

Aer

ial p

hoto

gra

phs

only

dat

e b

ack

sinc

e 1

955

. B

uild

ings

tha

t m

ay

have

be

en p

rese

nt b

efor

e th

is ti

me

coul

d ha

ve c

onta

ine

d ha

zard

ous

bui

ldin

g m

ater

ials

. H

azar

dou

s bu

ildin

g m

ater

ial r

emov

al p

ract

ices

wer

e

less

reg

ulat

ed

duri

ng th

is p

erio

d.

Inap

prop

riat

e or

inco

mpl

ete

rem

ova

l of h

azar

dous

bui

ldin

g m

ater

ials

m

ay

hav

e re

sulte

d in

pos

sib

le s

oil c

ont

amin

atio

n w

ith fr

agm

ent

s of

fibr

e ce

men

t (po

tent

ially

co

ntai

nin

g as

best

os)

ent

erin

g n

earb

y so

ils.

Bric

k fr

agm

ents

wer

e id

ent

ified

and

ma

y h

ave

been

ass

oci

ated

with

the

dem

olit

ion

of e

arlie

r si

te s

truc

ture

s.

Asb

esto

s, le

ad

, zi

nc

Sep

tic ta

nks

and

ab

sorp

tion

are

as

Tw

o se

ptic

tan

ks a

nd a

dja

cen

t ab

sorp

tion

area

s ha

ve b

een

iden

tifie

d in

the

vici

nity

of r

esid

entia

l pro

per

ties

in L

ot 1

an

d Lo

t 2.

The

re is

like

ly to

be

efflu

ent p

rese

nt i

n th

e ab

sorp

tion

area

s, a

nd

pote

ntia

lly in

the

vici

nity

of t

he

sept

ic ta

nks.

Soi

l and

gro

undw

ater

med

ia p

oten

tially

impa

cted

. Aes

thet

ic im

pact

s co

uld

be

pres

ent i

n th

ese

area

s.

Mo

der

ate

to h

igh

like

liho

od o

f so

il an

d gr

ound

wat

er c

onta

min

atio

n re

sulti

ng fr

om s

eep

age

of s

eptic

ta

nk(s

) an

d a

bso

rptio

n pi

ts o

ver

time.

P

atho

gen

s (e

.g. c

olifo

rms)

, nu

trie

nts,

m

etal

s

Sto

rage

of c

he

mic

als

(pes

ticid

es, o

ils,

lubr

ican

ts, d

eg

reas

ers)

in

shed

s

The

she

ds in

the

vici

nity

of t

he d

wel

lings

wh

ere

chem

ical

s w

ere

sto

red.

C

onta

min

atio

n (if

pre

sent

) w

oul

d ty

pica

lly b

e p

rese

nt in

nea

r su

rfac

e so

ils in

ar

eas

wh

ere

thes

e ch

emic

als

we

re s

tore

d or

use

d.

Soi

l med

ia p

oten

tially

affe

cted

.

Lo

w li

kelih

ood

of c

onta

min

atio

n. T

ypic

ally

co

ntam

inat

ion

occu

rs fr

om th

e us

e of

fuel

s, o

ils a

nd lu

bric

ant

s w

hic

h m

ay

invo

lve

inci

den

tal s

pills

and

wa

shin

g ac

tiviti

es.

Sur

face

spi

lls c

an e

nter

the

subs

urfa

ce v

ia

crac

ks o

r un

seal

ed

join

ts w

ithin

the

floor

of t

he

shed

s (o

r e

xpos

ed

soils

sur

roun

din

g th

e sh

eds)

, cau

sin

g so

il co

ntam

inat

ion.

O

ur o

bser

vatio

ns in

dica

ted

that

ther

e is

cur

rent

ly a

rel

ativ

ely

low

qu

ant

ity o

f ch

emic

als

bein

g st

ored

on

the

site

, and

no

app

aren

t ar

eas

of s

urfa

ce s

oil s

tain

ing

wer

e o

bser

ved.

TR

H ,B

TE

X,

PA

H, h

eavy

m

etal

s an

d V

HC

Pre

limin

ary

Co

ntam

inat

ion

Ass

essm

ent-

No.

82-1

02 A

mu

ndse

n S

tree

t, Le

um

eah

Cof

fey

GE

OT

LCO

V26

627A

A-A

C

7 Ju

ne 2

016

11

AE

C

Po

ten

tial

ly

Co

nta

min

atin

g

Ac

tivi

ty/S

ou

rce

Su

b C

om

po

nen

t /

Des

crip

tio

n

Po

ten

tial

Are

as o

f E

nvi

ron

men

tal

Co

nce

rn

(see

Fig

ure

2)

Lik

elih

oo

d o

f C

on

tam

inat

ion

* P

ote

nti

al

Ch

emic

als

of

Co

nce

rn

Pos

sib

le u

se o

f pes

ticid

es

near

bui

ldin

gs

Are

as n

ear

str

uctu

res

as d

escr

ibe

d ab

ove.

C

onta

min

atio

n (if

pre

sent

) w

oul

d ty

pica

lly b

e lo

cate

d in

nea

r su

rfac

e so

ils a

dja

cent

to th

e fo

rmer

str

uctu

res.

Gen

eral

ly n

ear s

urfa

ce s

oil a

re p

oten

tially

impa

cted

.

Lo

w t

o m

od

erat

e lik

elih

ood

of

soil

cont

amin

atio

n re

sulti

ng

from

the

app

licat

ion

of p

estic

ides

aro

und

build

ings

. Li

mite

d si

te h

isto

ry in

form

atio

n w

as

avai

labl

e on

pes

ticid

e a

pplic

atio

n.

Qua

ntiti

es o

f pes

ticid

es

if us

ed a

re li

kely

to b

e re

lativ

ely

sm

all.

Lim

ited

info

rmat

ion

is a

vaila

ble

con

cern

ing

the

type

of p

estic

ides

use

d in

195

0’s

or

1960

’s,

whi

ch m

ay

have

bee

n m

ore

pers

iste

nt th

an m

oder

n p

estic

ides

. It

is u

nlik

ely

the

orga

nic

com

pone

nt o

f pe

stic

ides

/ he

rbic

ides

pot

ent

ially

use

d w

ill p

ersi

st a

t lev

els

unac

cept

able

to h

uman

hea

lth h

ow

ever

; res

idu

al h

eav

y m

etal

s m

ay

still

be

pres

ent i

n ne

ar s

urfa

ce s

oils

.

Hea

vy m

etal

s,

OC

P,

OP

P

5 B

ieh

ler

rese

rve

F

ill o

f unk

no

wn

qua

lity

and

or

igin

B

ieh

ler

rese

rve

was

form

erly

situ

ated

ove

r a

quar

ry.

The

qua

rry

wa

s ba

ckfil

led

prio

r to

198

4 w

ith m

ater

ial o

f unk

no

wn

qua

lity

and

orig

in.

Thi

s qu

arry

is in

a to

pogr

aphi

cally

cro

ss g

radi

ent

/do

wn

gra

die

nt a

rea

of th

e si

te, a

nd s

oil a

nd g

roun

dw

ate

r co

ntam

inat

ion

(if p

rese

nt)

ben

eat

h th

is r

eser

ve

is u

nlik

ely

to im

pact

the

site

. H

ow

ever

, if t

he q

uarr

y w

as b

ack

fille

d w

ith

hyd

roca

rbo

n im

pact

ed s

oil

or p

utre

scib

le m

ate

rials

, gas

co

uld

mig

rate

thro

ugh

frac

ture

s in

the

roc

k to

the

site

.

Gro

und

gas

/ soi

l vap

our p

oten

tially

impa

cted

Lo

w t

o m

od

erat

e lik

elih

ood

of

soil

vapo

ur c

ont

amin

atio

n re

sulti

ng

from

the

pote

ntia

l mig

ratio

n of

gas

es.

The

res

erve

was

not

list

ed in

the

NS

W E

PA

CLM

or

PO

EO

reg

iste

rs, s

ugge

stin

g th

at th

e si

te w

as

not a

lic

ense

d la

ndf

ill s

ite.

The

loca

l res

ide

nt in

terv

iew

ed

did

not h

ave

addi

tiona

l det

ails

reg

ardi

ng th

e q

ualit

y o

f th

e fil

l. H

ow

ever

, the

typ

e of

fill

is u

nkno

wn

. F

urth

er in

form

atio

n is

re

quir

ed

on th

e lik

ely

back

fill m

ater

ials

in

the

quar

ry t

o fu

rthe

r re

fine

the

asse

ssm

ent

of r

isk

from

this

AE

C.

Met

han

e,

BT

EX

, TR

H,

VH

Cs

* It

is im

port

ant t

o no

te th

at th

is is

not

an

asse

ssm

ent o

f fin

anci

al r

isk

asso

ciat

ed w

ith t

he A

EC

in th

e ev

ent c

onta

min

atio

n is

det

ecte

d, b

ut a

qua

litat

ive

asse

ssm

ent o

f the

pro

babi

lity

of c

onta

min

atio

n be

ing

dete

cted

at t

he p

oten

tial A

EC

, ba

sed

on th

e si

te h

isto

ry s

tud

y an

d

field

obs

erva

tions

.

TR

H

Tot

al R

ecov

erab

le H

ydro

carb

ons

Hea

vy M

etal

s ar

seni

c, c

adm

ium

, chr

omiu

m, c

oppe

r, le

ad, n

icke

l, m

ercu

ry, z

inc

PC

B

Pol

ych

lorin

ate

d B

iphe

nyl

PA

H

Pol

ycyc

lic A

rom

atic

Hyd

roca

rbon

s

BT

EX

B

enze

ne, T

olue

ne, E

thyl

benz

ene,

Xyl

ene

O

CP

O

rga

noch

lorin

e P

estic

ides

OP

P

Org

ano

phos

pho

rus

Pes

ticid

es

VH

C

Vol

atile

Hal

ogen

ated

Com

pou

nd



12

7. Conceptual site model

A conceptual site model (CSM) is a representation of site-related information regarding contamination sources, receptors and exposure pathways between those sources and receptors. The CSM is developed using information obtained from previous investigations, site history, site observations, proposed land use and expected ground conditions. Once the contamination status is understood through the sampling and analysis process, the CSM then allows the assessor to evaluate the risk posed by the contamination to the identified receptor, and whether remediation is required to manage that risk.

7.1. Potential exposure pathways

The following potential exposure pathways for contaminants have been identified:

Dermal/direct contact

Ingestion

Inhalation via vapour intrusion

Inhalation of airborne particles

Migration of groundwater

7.2. Primary release mechanisms

Leaching

Surface run off

Vapour migration

Spills

Weathering/damage (e.g. damage to hazardous building materials place onsite or found within fill)

7.3. Potential receptors

7.3.1. Onsite

In consideration of site history, site activities, evidence of potential contamination and building condition the following exposure pathways were identified for current and future onsite receptors:

The continued and proposed residential land use. In consideration of sensitive and non-sensitive land uses for the site, the potential human receptors are:

Residential users of the site under this setting through various pathways (e.g. dermal contact, inhalation, ingestion, etc.).

Workers and site visitors in buildings where asbestos, petroleum hydrocarbons and land gas are inhaled (if present).

Maintenance workers in sub-surface trenches via dust movement / petroleum vapours / land gas and direct contact with impacted soils.

Non-human receptors would include underground services that can be adversely affected upon exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons.



13

Ecological receptors:

Currently, forested areas were observed in the western part of the site, and transient wildlife warning signs (e.g. for koalas) are visible on adjacent roadways. Transitory wildlife (if any) would be feral cats and rodents, and potentially native birds, wombats, koalas and possums. The proposed land use (residential) includes gardens and accessible soils that will be required to support plant growth for aesthetic purposes. These ecological receptors may need to be considered in the context of land contamination.

There are no registered groundwater abstraction bores within 1km of the site. The site and surrounding areas are urban residential. The area is serviced by town water thus making it less likely groundwater would be used for this purpose. However, it cannot be precluded that groundwater bores may be installed, and water abstracted for potable uses in future.

7.3.2. Offsite

Potential exposure pathways for humans and the environment are associated with the transportation of potential contamination via groundwater and surface water to offsite areas. The topography suggests that groundwater is likely to flow in a south-easterly direction towards a tributary of Peter Meadows Creek. Surface water not captured onsite is also expected to also discharge into this tributary.

Based on the data available and our initial qualitative assessment of likely contamination, the potential exposure pathways for human and environmental offsite receptors are summarised below:

Human receptors:

Peter Meadows Creek flows through several reserves which may be used for recreational activities (e.g. swimming and fishing).

Ecological receptors:

Fresh water species (e.g. crayfish, worms, etc.) where sediment is present, free swimming species (e.g. fish, tadpoles, etc.), water plants and algae.



14

8. Conclusions

Site history information indicates that the site is situated within a rural residential area of Leumeah and has operated as a rural farming property since the early 20th century. Farming activities have included cattle and horse grazing, and crop/orchard growing. Orchard growing had progressively reduced in scale by 1984. Two residences (and associated sheds) are present on-site, in addition to septic tanks/absorption areas and an existing and infilled dam. The off-site sports field (Biehler Reserve) was formerly a quarry, and was backfilled with unknown soil by 1984.

There were some gaps in the site history, which cannot preclude other potentially contaminating activities occurring or additional structures having been present at the site. Five potential AECs were identified at the site and include:

AEC 1: Imported fill within the former dam in Lot 2 (low to moderate likelihood of contamination);

AEC 2: Sediments within the dam in Lot 1, and the former dam in Lot 2, due to potential accumulation of pesticides and metals from elsewhere on the site via surface runoff (low to moderate likelihood of contamination);

AEC 3: Former orchards (and other crop growing areas) due to potential former application of pesticides (moderate likelihood of contamination);

AEC 4: Existing dwellings and immediate surrounds due to:

Potential weathering of hazardous building materials of site structures (moderate to high likelihood of contamination);

Septic tanks and absorption trenches (moderate to high likelihood of contamination);

Storage of chemicals (low likelihood of contamination); and

Potential application of pesticides around buildings (low to moderate likelihood of contamination); and

AEC 5: Biehler reserve to the south of the site due to potential migration of contamination beneath the site (low to moderate likelihood of contamination).

Based on available information, the likelihood of contamination within these AECs was assessed as low to high.

Further investigation would be required to assess the nature of contamination (if present) and risk it may pose to human health and the environment. This commonly involves directly assessing the AEC’s through intrusive investigation to establish contamination status of the site and whether remediation and/or management of contamination (if identified) is warranted. Intrusive works could be undertaken in conjunction with future intrusive geotechnical investigation works (if undertaken).



15

9. References 1. Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd (2016). Preliminary Geotechnical Assessment. No 82-102 Amundsen

Street, Leumeah, NSW. Dated 3 June 2016.

2. NEPC (2013) National Environmental Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure 1999, as amended in 2013, National Environment Protection Council;

3. NSW DEC (2006) Guidelines for the NSW Auditor Scheme, 2nd Ed;

4. NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation (1997), Wollongong Acid Sulfate Soils Risk Map 1:25,000 edition two;

5. NSW OEH (2011) Guidelines for Reporting on Contaminated Sites.

10. Limitations

Limited information is available on the early history of the site and therefore, some site activities may not have been identified. In addition, aerial photographs are up to 12 years apart and other site history information available prior to 1955 is limited. We cannot preclude that potentially contaminating activities took place during these periods. Allowances for uncertainties and potential unexpected finds should be made during planning and development phases.

It is the nature of contaminated site investigations that the degree of variability in site conditions cannot be known completely and no sampling and analysis program can eliminate all uncertainty concerning the condition of the site. Professional judgement must be exercised in the collection and interpretation of the data.

In preparing this report, current guidelines for assessment and management of contaminated land were followed. This work has been conducted in good faith in accordance with Coffey understanding of the client’s brief and general accepted practice for environmental consulting.

This report was prepared for Northrop based on the objective and scope of work list in Section 1. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the information and professional advice included in this report. Anyone using this document does so at their own risk and should satisfy themselves concerning its applicability and, where necessary, should seek expert advice in relation to the particular situation.

In preparing this report, Coffey has relied on information in reports made available to Coffey by the client and prepared by other consultants. Coffey has assumed that these consultants performed the scope of works in general accordance with standard industry procedures and guidance materials at the time and that the information is suitable.

We draw your attention to the attached sheets titled "Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report” which should be read in conjunction with this report. These information sheets are located at the end of this section.

Important information about your Coffey Environmental Report

Coffey Environments Australia Pty Ltd ABN 65 140 765 902 Page 1 of 2 Issued: 22 October 2013

Introduction

This report has been prepared by Coffey for you, as Coffey’s client, in accordance with our agreed purpose, scope, schedule and budget.

The report has been prepared using accepted procedures and practices of the consulting profession at the time it was prepared, and the opinions, recommendations and conclusions set out in the report are made in accordance with generally accepted principles and practices of that profession.

The report is based on information gained from environmental conditions (including assessment of some or all of soil, groundwater, vapour and surface water) and supplemented by reported data of the local area and professional experience. Assessment has been scoped with consideration to industry standards, regulations, guidelines and your specific requirements, including budget and timing. The characterisation of site conditions is an interpretation of information collected during assessment, in accordance with industry practice,

This interpretation is not a complete description of all material on or in the vicinity of the site, due to the inherent variation in spatial and temporal patterns of contaminant presence and impact in the natural environment. Coffey may have also relied on data and other information provided by you and other qualified individuals in preparing this report. Coffey has not verified the accuracy or completeness of such data or information except as otherwise stated in the report. For these reasons the report must be regarded as interpretative, in accordance with industry standards and practice, rather than being a definitive record. Your report has been written for a specific purpose

Your report has been developed for a specific purpose as agreed by us and applies only to the site or area investigated. Unless otherwise stated in the report, this report cannot be applied to an adjacent site or area, nor can it be used when the nature of the specific purpose changes from that which we agreed.

For each purpose, a tailored approach to the assessment of potential soil and groundwater contamination is required. In most cases, a key objective is to identify, and if possible quantify, risks that both recognised and potential contamination pose in the context of the agreed purpose. Such risks may be financial (for example, clean up costs or constraints on site use) and/or physical (for example, potential health risks to users of the site or the general public).

Limitations of the Report

The work was conducted, and the report has been prepared, in response to an agreed purpose and scope, within time and budgetary constraints, and in reliance on certain data and information made available to Coffey.

The analyses, evaluations, opinions and conclusions presented in this report are based on that purpose and scope, requirements, data or information, and they could change if such requirements or data are inaccurate or incomplete.

This report is valid as of the date of preparation. The condition of the site (including subsurface conditions) and extent or nature of contamination or other environmental hazards can change over time, as a result of either natural processes or human influence. Coffey should be kept appraised of any such events and should be consulted for further investigations if any changes are noted, particularly during construction activities where excavations often reveal subsurface conditions.

In addition, advancements in professional practice regarding contaminated land and changes in applicable statues and/or guidelines may affect the validity of this report. Consequently, the currency of conclusions and recommendations in this report should be verified if you propose to use this report more than 6 months after its date of issue.

The report does not include the evaluation or assessment of potential geotechnical engineering constraints of the site.

Interpretation of factual data

Environmental site assessments identify actual conditions only at those points where samples are taken and on the date collected. Data derived from indirect field measurements, and sometimes other reports on the site, are interpreted by geologists, engineers or scientists to provide an opinion about overall site conditions, their likely impact with respect to the report purpose and recommended actions.

Variations in soil and groundwater conditions may occur between test or sample locations and actual conditions may differ from those inferred to exist. No environmental assessment program, no matter how comprehensive, can reveal all subsurface details and anomalies. Similarly, no professional, no matter how well qualified, can reveal what is hidden by earth, rock or changed through time.

The actual interface between different materials may be far more gradual or abrupt than assumed based on the facts obtained. Nothing can be done to change the actual site conditions which exist, but

Coffey Environments Australia Pty Ltd ABN 65 140 765 902 Page 2 of 2 Issued: 22 October 2013

steps can be taken to reduce the impact of unexpected conditions.

For this reason, parties involved with land acquisition, management and/or redevelopment should retain the services of a suitably qualified and experienced environmental consultant through the development and use of the site to identify variances, conduct additional tests if required, and recommend solutions to unexpected conditions or other unrecognised features encountered on site. Coffey would be pleased to assist with any investigation or advice in such circumstances.

Recommendations in this report

This report assumes, in accordance with industry practice, that the site conditions recognised through discrete sampling are representative of actual conditions throughout the investigation area. Recommendations are based on the resulting interpretation.

Should further data be obtained that differs from the data on which the report recommendations are based (such as through excavation or other additional assessment), then the recommendations would need to be reviewed and may need to be revised.

Report for benefit of client

Unless otherwise agreed between us, the report has been prepared for your benefit and no other party. Other parties should not rely upon the report or the accuracy or completeness of any recommendation and should make their own enquiries and obtain independent advice in relation to such matters.

Coffey assumes no responsibility and will not be liable to any other person or organisation for, or in relation to, any matter dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report, or for any loss or damage suffered by any other person or organisation arising from matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report.

To avoid misuse of the information presented in your report, we recommend that Coffey be consulted before the report is provided to another party who may not be familiar with the background and the purpose of the report. In particular, an environmental disclosure report for a property vendor may not be suitable for satisfying the needs of that property’s purchaser. This report should not be applied for any purpose other than that stated in the report.

Interpretation by other professionals

Costly problems can occur when other professionals develop their plans based on misinterpretations of a report. To help avoid misinterpretations, a suitably qualified and experienced environmental consultant should be retained to explain the implications of the report to other professionals referring to the report and then review plans and specifications produced to see how other professionals have incorporated the report findings.

Given Coffey prepared the report and has familiarity with the site, Coffey is well placed to provide such

assistance. If another party is engaged to interpret the recommendations of the report, there is a risk that the contents of the report may be misinterpreted and Coffey disowns any responsibility for such misinterpretation.

Data should not be separated from the report

The report as a whole presents the findings of the site assessment and the report should not be copied in part or altered in any way. Logs, figures, laboratory data, drawings, etc. are customarily included in our reports and are developed by scientists or engineers based on their interpretation of field logs, field testing and laboratory evaluation of samples. This information should not under any circumstances be redrawn for inclusion in other documents or separated from the report in any way.

This report should be reproduced in full. No responsibility is accepted for use of any part of this report in any other context or for any other purpose or by third parties.

Responsibility

Environmental reporting relies on interpretation of factual information using professional judgement and opinion and has a level of uncertainty attached to it, which is much less exact than other design disciplines. This has often resulted in claims being lodged against consultants, which are unfounded. As noted earlier, the recommendations and findings set out in this report should only be regarded as interpretive and should not be taken as accurate and complete information about all environmental media at all depths and locations across the site.

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