northwest territory one of the most important accomplishments under the articles of confederation...
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Northwest Territory
• One of the most important accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation
• Planned to sell land to raise revenue
• By 1784, a plethora of individuals moved westward – Caused problems with Native Americans – Federal leaders could not afford to fight wars;
decided to regulate settlement
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THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 17871787
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
I. CONFEDERATION: a group of loosely joined, but sovereign states.
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
A. Problem: Many states made claims to the western lands (Northwest Territory).
Boundaries of the Northwest Territory: Great Lakes (north), Pennsylvania (east), Ohio River (south), Mississippi River (west)
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
B. Solution to the Problem: All states agreed to cede (give) their claims to Congress, so Congress can sell the land for the good of the country (confederation).
NATIONAL DOMAIN – Public land
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
II. LAND ORDINANCE of 1785: Congress’s plan to sell the land of the Northwest Territory.
A. Rectangular Survey System – carefully surveyed the land into squares to be sold.
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
1. Township – the largest division of land. It is thirty-six square miles.
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
2. Section – 36 sections in a township. It is one square mile or 640 acres.
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
3. Acre – the smallest division of land. It sold for $1 per acre.
The average size farm was 40 acres. So, it sold for $40.
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THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCEORDINANCE
B. Education – the sale from one section of each township goes to start a school for that township.
How much went for education?Answer: $640
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III.III. THE NORTHWEST THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787ORDINANCE of 1787 this this document establishes…document establishes…
the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States.
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THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 17871787
A. Statehood:
1. When the population reaches 5,000 adult males the area can:
a. Establish an elected assembly
b. Governor still had absolute veto power
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THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 17871787
2. When the population reaches 60,000 adult males the area can:
a. can write a state constitution and apply for statehood.
b. If Congress approves the state Constitution that area will become a state.
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Five states:
Indiana (1816)Ohio (1803)
Illinois (1818)
Michigan (1837)
Wisconsin (1848)
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Rights Guaranteed:1. Trial by jury
2. Public education
3. Freedom of religion
4. Prohibition of slavery
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Conflicts with Spain and Britain
• The Spanish forbid American trade with New Orleans
• Relations with Britain deteriorated– They rejected free trade and reverted back to
mercantilism
• American Congress not strong enough to fight against these policies/violations
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Weakness of the Articles of Confederation
• Congress could not levy or collect taxes
• Congress was powerless to regulate interstate commerce or foreign trade
• Each state had only 1 vote in Congress (regardless of size)
• 2/3 majority was required to pass laws
• Articles could only be amended with the consent of ALL states
• No separate executive branch to enforce acts of Congress
• No system or federal courts
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Shay’s Rebellion• Economic problems in MA and other states• People had too little money; states continued to
place high taxes• Farms could be auctioned off and the farmers
could be put in jail• Farmers asked for debt relief, Massachusetts
Legislature refused.
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Shay’s Rebellion
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Shay’s Rebellion• Led by Daniel Shays, Revolutionary War Veteran• Marched over 1,000 men to federal arsenal; but were
put down• Farmers lost; but gained sympathy throughout country
• Convinced many Americans that the country needed a new government
• •American leaders hoped that the national issues could be solved by strengthening the national government.