norwegian church aid burundi strategy 2016-2020 · 2016-2020 updated 24 september 2015 . 2...
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1 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Norwegian Church Aid
Burundi Strategy
2016-2020
Updated 24 September 2015
2 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Table of contents
List of abbreviations ......................................................................... 3
Executive summary ......................................................................... 4
1.Context analysis ........................................................................... 5
2.Lessons learned ............................................................................ 9
3.Geographic focus ......................................................................... 10
4.Theory of Change for NCA Burundi ................................................. 11
5.Strengthening civil society ............................................................ 14
6.Programmes ................................................................................ 16
6.1. Global Programme: Economic Empowerment ......................................... 17
6.2. Global Programme: Climate Resilience ...................................................... 20
6.3. Global Programme: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ............................. 22
6.4. Contextual Programme: Gender-Based Violence .................................... 24
7.Emergency preparedness and response .......................................... 25
8.Finance and funding ..................................................................... 26
9.Monitoring and evaluation ............................................................. 28
10.Organisational prerequisites ........................................................ 29
11.Risk management ...................................................................... 31
List of References ........................................................................... 33
Annex 1: Map showing project areas ................................................. 35
Annex 2: Partner information ........................................................... 36
Annex 3: Cross-cutting issues and strengthening civil society ............... 46
Annex 4: Programme results frameworks .......................................... 47
Annex 5: Funding strategy and targets .............................................. 49
Annex 6: Planned evaluations .......................................................... 52
Annex 7: Risk analysis and management ........................................... 53
Annex 8: Baseline process ............................................................... 55
3 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
List of abbreviations
ABS Agro- Business Services
ACT Action By Churches Together
ADDF Association pour la Défense des Droits de la Femme
AFEV Action en Faveur des Enfants Vulnérables
BBIN Burundi Business Incubator
CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
CEJP Commission Episcopale Justice et Paix Burundi
CEPBU Communauté des Eglises de Pentecôte au Burundi
CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation
CNEB Conseil National des Eglises du Burundi
DHS Demographic and Health Surveys
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo
EMUSO Entente Mutuelle et Solidarité
EPRP Emergency and Preparedness Response Plan
FBO Faith-Based Organisation
GBV Gender Based Violence
GDP Gross Domestic Product
HAP Humanitarian Accountability Partnership
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
MoU Memoradum of Understanding
NCA Norwegian Church Aid
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
ODA Official development assistance
ODEDIM Organisation Diocésaine pour l’Entraide et le Développement Intégral de
Muyinga
OPDE Oeuvre Humanitaire pour la Protection et le Développement de l’Enfant
en Difficulté
REFLECT Regenerated Freirean Literacy through Empowering Community
Techniques
TF Task Force
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNICEF The United Nations Children's Fund
UNIPROBA Unissons-nous pour la Promotion des Batwas
WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
ZOA Netherland based International NGO
4 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Executive summary
Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world1. Approximately 80% of the estimat-
ed population of 10.88 million lives below the poverty line. Inequalities between the capi-
tal, Bujumbura, and the rest of the country, remain high. Subsistence farming is still the
main livelihood but because of low productivity and climate variability, among other fac-
tors, people struggle to secure their livelihoods.
NCA has therefore chosen to focus on improved livelihoods and living conditions in the
geographical areas of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural. The main target group is women,
Batwa2 and youth. Women face higher rates of unemployment, lower access to resources
(land, credit), and have less voice in decision making than men, and social norms impede
their engagement in economic activities. Batwa face a low social status and score high on
poverty indicators linked to land ownership, medical assistance, education and food secu-
rity. Youth constitutes a major part of the work force but lack income and employment
opportunities, and under the present political difficult situation, youth are vulnerable to
pressure to join political militant groups.
NCA and partners will develop agricultural practice in a climate sensitive way in close
collaboration with local communities to create new livelihood opportunities, and promote
small scale entrepreneurship linked to agriculture. In addition there will be a WASH com-
ponent, both for consumption and for use in agriculture. To implement the strategy, NCA
and partners will build on former experience and competencies in community mobiliza-
tion, using REFLECT3 methods to build skills, knowledge and awareness in communities
and ensure ownership and sustainability of results. Community associations and commit-
tees that were built and strengthened during the previous strategic period will serve as
ready entry-points for business development and task forces in the climate resilience
programme.
In addition to empowering communities as described in this programme, the NCA Burun-
di country programme for 2016-2020 will endeavour to:
strengthen civil society and build bridges between civil society and local govern-
mental authorities;
support and develop faith-based organisations to enable them to realize their vi-
sions and mission and set goals for changes, through religious platforms;
contribute to enable civil society, including faith-based organisations, to be con-
nected and able to mobilise communities to reduce their material poverty and im-
prove their know-how.
1 180 out of 187, UNDP 2014 2 The Batwa (singular = Mutwa) of Burundi are of ‘Pygmy’ origin, and traditionally were hunters and worked as potters or as musicians and entertainers 3 REFLECT, which stands for “Regenerated Freirean Literacy through Empowering Community Techniques” approaches literacy through the identification of issues and problems encountered, discussion possible solutions and spelling out the words as you go along.
5 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
1. Context analysis
Burundi, a landlocked country situated in the Great Lakes region, is one of the world‘s
poorest countries. It was ranked as the 180th out of 187 countries and territories on the
2014 human development index. Approximately 80% of the estimated population of
10.88 million lives below the poverty line. This has serious repercussions on the ability of
households to meet basic needs and places Burundi at the top of the Global hunger in-
dex, with the highest level of malnutrition in the world.
Burundi started to emerge from military regimes and civil war in 2005 when democratic
governance structures were restored after years of chaos. Although active conflict has
diminished, peace and reconciliation remain fragile and unpredictable. On the eve of the
2015 elections, violence broke out over the incumbent president’s run for a third term in
office, deemed by opposition, key Civil Society Organisations and protesters in the capital
to be unconstitutional. Threats from youth militia is one of the reasons why more than a
150,000 people have fled to neighbouring countries, and about 100 were killed and more
than a 1000 demonstrates were wounded by the police force. Despite national and inter-
national claims of lack of credibility, transparency and peacefulness, as well as several
attempts to bring the parties to dialogue, the elections went ahead more or less as
scheduled. The elections, in which the incumbent president gained 69% of the vote, were
declared as “not free and credible” by the UN Security Council, and violence has contin-
ued to date.
Poverty analysis and socio economic situation
Burundi’s civil conflict disrupted public services and private investments. Despite recon-
struction efforts, the Burundian economy is still weak due to a reliance on subsistence
agriculture, undiversified and low-value exports, weak infrastructure, weak governance
and institutional capacity, inadequate access to funding, and very low private sector in-
vestment. More than 50% of the national budget was financed by external Donors before
the conflict around the 2015 elections.
In addition to the challenges linked to the present political situation as described above,
Burundi is facing structural and economic difficulties due to i) population pressure; ii)
lack of land; iii) rapid loss of natural resources with the current rate of deforestation es-
timated at 2% a year , iv) low know-how and exploitation of land and other resources.
This situation is aggravated by the lack of a viable secondary sector able to relieve pres-
sure on the primary sector, but also by poor use of natural resources (water and land),
tools and techniques.
The population density is very high, with around 421 inhabitants per square km (com-
pared to an average 40 for sub-sharan developing countries) (World Bank, 2015), and an
average population growth of 2.4% each year. It is projected that the population will
have doubled in 25 years if it continues growing at the prevailing rate. Unless family
planning is prioritized, population growth is a serious threat in a country where the aver-
age fertility rate ranked between 6.03 as of 2013 and 7.57 in 1988.
The agricultural sector represents less than 40% of GDP while some 90% of the popula-
tion is dependent on it, and the rural population derives 95% of its income from it. Agri-
culture is predominately rain-fed (as opposed to irrigated), which makes it vulnerable to
weather variability and climate change. Research predicts an increase in both droughts
6 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
and extreme rainfall, which poses an additional challenge for sustaining livelihoods and
food security. The 2015 NCA baseline study from Kirundo and Bujumbura rural, shows
that while most farmers have some knowledge of, and apply some techniques to reduce
the vulnerability of their production, which shows the potential of the regions, this is not
sufficient to increase production and avoid significant losses. In addition, numerous
communities are affected by land conflicts and the legacy of injustices and atrocities left
unaddressed after the end of the civil war.
The lack of job opportunities outside the agricultural sector is, amongst other things, due
to low economic investment, an underdeveloped private sector, limited access to capital
and low job creation in the public sector. The lack of employment opportunities is felt
particularly keenly by youth. The population is very young, with 47% being under the
age of 15, and 67% under the age of 25.
The high levels of power abuse, such as corruption and nepotism, at all levels of the ad-
ministration, also hamper business development. With a small private sector, the state is
in practice the sole provider of formal employment.
Conflicts centre on access to power, which in turn provides access to economic resources.
Elites play a critical role in taking advantage of communities' poverty and lack of educa-
tion to secure their own divergent interests. Grievances around the elites' misuse of pow-
er is an important part of the backdrop to the recent protests: Although the focus has
been on the controversy around a third term for the current president, frustration over
abuse of power was mounting long before the protests broke out, as were concerns over
increased repression and limitations to freedom of speech. It is yet unclear to what ex-
tent the protests enjoy popular support outside the capital, as most rural areas tradition-
ally have been strongholds of support for the president and his ruling party. However,
the flow of refugees and reports of intimidation from Imbonerakure also in rural areas
indicate that the on-going conflicts are deeply influencing also rural communities. In this
context, citizens, and particularly youth, are vulnerable to manipulation and recruitment
into violence, notably into militant political youth wings.
A lack of other economic opportunities increasing the dependence on natural resources
and agriculture decreases the resilience of rural populations. Climate change with an an-
ticipated higher frequency of droughts and extreme weather events, coupled with limited
capacity to cope due to low capacity and lack of knowledge and resources, weak social
structures and inadequate infrastructure, make the situation in rural Burundi critical. Cli-
mate events shocks the asset-thin households as they have few assets to sell to raise the
cash needed to cope.
Women account for 55 per cent of the workforce and do 70 per cent of farm work, yet
women have fewer rights. They have fewer possibilities than men to access resources
such as land and loans, and, despite progress by the adoption of gender quotas, women
still have little participation in the decision making processes. Women do not have the
right to inherit land, which leaves many homeless and without a livelihood in the case of
separation from their husbands. Social norms, such as gender roles (reproductive and
productive) are still impeding the possibility for women to engage in business and eco-
nomic empowerment. According to UNDP, women represent only around 2% in the sec-
ondary sector and around 4% in the tertiary sector. Nearly 46% of female youth of sec-
ondary school age do not go to school compared to 34% of male youth of the same age.
The Batwa, an indigenous minority group representing about 1% of the population,
scores high on the majority of indicators addressing poverty and deprivation. Among this
7 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
group, only 3 % own a plot of land of one hectare and above. 60% have less than 5
acres, and 15% have less than one acre. More than 74% do not have a medical insur-
ance card, making it a challenge to access health services; more than 87% in the survey
say they rarely meet their needs for food, as less than 18% have more than one meal
per day.
Role of civil society
Civil society in Burundi is diverse, but most organizations are quite weak. It consists of
human rights organizations and pressure groups on one hand, and development and re-
lief organizations, including church or faith-based organizations, on the other hand.
Women and youth organizations can be found in either group.
The first category of civil society organizations is very vocal about government accounta-
bility to the extent that the government associates it with opposition parties who want to
destabilize the government. Their potential for influencing social and political arena is
weakened by the lack of capacity in organization and strategy development, dependency
on external funding as well as lack of coordination and cohesion.
The second category of civil society organisations are more service delivery oriented or-
ganisations, putting much emphasis on immediate needs of citizens, and often fill the gap
of government responsibility to provide basic services, related to health, agriculture,
WASH, education, shelter, etc. At the exception of the Catholic Church, which has at
many events, especially during the recent political crisis, publicly criticized government
policies, laws and regulations, most religious and faith based organisations tend to be
soft civil society organisations, with charity or development characteristics.
Specialized organizations, focussing on youth, women or other social categories such as
Batwa, disabled, children, trade unions or other professional organizations, do exist and
fall in both categories described above, though the majority is in the second category.
Women organisations have been active on the advocacy, since the peace negotiations in
Arusha in end 90s and are still very vocal on gender equality and women’s rights. Youth
organisations are less visible on the ground of advocacy due to, on one hand, the lack of
time and willingness to engage in activities not generating income and, on the other
hand, pessimism towards results of engagement4. Existing youth organizations are also
limited in action by lack of sustainable funding, and lack of legitimate and recognized
representation of youth.
Batwa organisation such as UNIPROBA, NCA partner, is trying to combine the two, ser-
vice delivery and advocacy, seeking Batwa participation both on economic development
and political arena.
4 NCA, 2014
8 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
NCA response
NCA will respond to this with three programmes: climate resilience, economic empow-
erment and access to water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), with a particular view to
youth, women and Batwa as target groups. This choice is in line with government policies
and strategies such as the National Plan for Agricultural investment (Ministry of Agricul-
ture and livelihood, strategy 2012-2017), the National Policy for Climate Change (Minis-
try of Water and Environment 2013) and the National policy for hygiene and sanitation,
as well as the National Strategy for Water (Ministry of Water and Environment, 2012), all
of them stemming from the National Poverty Reduction strategy (2012). Gender equality
will constitute a key element of the strategy since women are poorer and more vulnera-
ble than men.
Economic and social development is closely linked to peace and security, and while an
improvement in communities’ livelihoods and economic opportunities, should also make
them more resilient to political shocks, NCA will also, in association with other stakehold-
ers, advocate for a peaceful settlement of the current conflicts, and for increased ac-
countability from power holders at local and national level, which in turn is key to sus-
tainable economic development. NCA will also, in different gathering of right holders,
mobilize rights holders around corruption and its impact on economic and social devel-
opment.
9 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
2. Lessons learned
The country strategy builds upon experience and lessons learnt during the 2010-2015
strategic period, including two programme evaluations (2012 and 2014).
A first important lesson learned concerns the outreach of programmes and activities. In
order to have more impact, interventions should be more focussed both geographically
and programmatically. This has influenced the choice of three programmes with strong
synergies: climate resilience, economic empowerment and WASH, to be implemented in
two geographic locations.
Second, experience with local partners has shown that there is high need for close moni-
toring and support with financial management, including anti-corruption measures. This
has implications for how NCA Burundi works with local partners, number of staff for ca-
pacity development and monitoring.
Third, collaboration with FBOs has confirmed their potential to act for social change.
Some of them have shown strong advocacy skills and experience. This is particularly true
where they enjoy a certain moral independence from the state, such as the Catholic
Church, and this experience will be built upon in the next period.
Fourth, it is necessary to take a long-term approach while working with income generat-
ing activities. This means that rather than focusing on daily income, minimum standards
such as a business plan and organisational structure should be developed in participation
with the right holders’ associations. This improves sustainability and reduces conflicts
between participants.
Finally, a framework for discussion and reflection that creates awareness, such as RE-
FLECT circles provides benefits beyond literacy, and can be adapted for all types of sub-
jects, particularly where mobilisation is a key factor. As an example the women partici-
pants in REFLECT circles focused on gender realized that saving and loan groups were
the best strategy to improve their economic independence and spontaneously started
such groups.
10 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
3. Geographic focus
Over the past few years, NCA has gradually concentrated geographically within Burundi
in order to achieve better results. For the next period, NCA Burundi will continue working
in only two provinces, Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural, located respectively in the north
and west of the country, see annex 1.
In addition to taking into account NCA’s previous experience and strong networks in
these provinces, they were selected based on a country-wide assessment of the following
characteristics:
1) Potential for and consequences of conflict, in particular the burden it has posed on the
economy for many years.
2) Vulnerability to climate change and seasonal variability. This relates most frequently
to drought in Kirundo and soil erosion as well as floods for Bujumbura rural.
3) Very few other NGOs work in these provinces, especially in food security and liveli-
hoods (OCHA, 2015). Most of the NGOs previously working in Kirundo have closed for
coordination and budgetary reasons.
Before the civil war of 1993, Kirundo was the "breadbasket of the country", feeding a
large part of the country with vegetables and cereals. Family farming was market-
oriented. While agriculture is still the main livelihood, the province today has the coun-
try’s highest rates of malnutrition, as a sharp 53.9% decline in agricultural production
has been witnessed between 1996 and 2012 . Over 60% of the households in Kirundo
live under food insecurity and 83 % of the population lives in poverty. Deforestation and
a changing climate have exacerbated the situation and recurrent droughts have been
observed from 2000, leading to crop failure. However, Kirundo has eight freshwater lakes
which offer unexploited opportunities, for instance field irrigation.
The countryside of Bujumbura Rural was used as a base by retreating rebel groups dur-
ing the decade-long civil war (1993-2009), and paid a high price in terms of destruction
of infrastructure and a high number of youth formerly associated with armed groups. The
continued political instability in the region has severely limited economic and social ac-
tivities. Adding to this, the province has a rugged terrain with frequent landslides and
floods, often leading to crop destruction, loss of human lives and destruction of essential
infrastructure such as water supply, schools and health centres. The elements leading to
poverty and lack of livelihoods become even harsher for particular groups including
women, and Batwa, as a result of their social status.
Other provinces neighbouring Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural, especially Mwaro and
Muyinga have similar conditions. NCA leaves room in the strategy to expand if factors,
such as additional funding, becomes available, or situational circumstances change.
11 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
4. Theory of Change for NCA Burundi
As seen in the context analysis, the main challenges for Burundi in general, and for in-
habitants of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural provinces in particular, are the high levels of
poverty resulting from the very weak and vulnerable agriculture-based economy and the
chronic instability due to endless power struggles. Livelihoods are further compromised
by the low levels of access to basic services. The lack of economic opportunities, in par-
ticular for youth, women and Batwa, both within and outside of the agricultural sector,
also contributes to the political instability and insecurity. With very limited industrial and
manufacturing activity, everyone is looking towards agricultural production which is far
from being sufficient to support subsistence, let alone to boost economic development.
Programme goal
In the face of the above mentioned challenges, NCA Burundi has set as a goal for this
strategic period (2016-2020): To improve communities’ livelihood, especially that of
women, youth and Batwa, in the provinces of Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural. This feeds
into NCA's global vision 'Together for a Just World'.
Required preconditions This will be achieved if the following preconditions 5are in place:
- Communities have food security in the face of climate change and variability
- Communities embrace new ways of generating income
- Communities access basic services, including water, hygiene and sanitation
- Gender equality is a prevalent social norm
- People feel safe (personal security)
- The population has a space for expression and freedom of speech.
Of these, NCA Burundi will work directly on the first three conditions, with WASH as the
main priority under basic services. Gender equality will be addressed as a cross-cutting
issue in all programmes, but more specifically, the issues of gender and social barriers to
entrepreneurship will be addressed in the Economic empowerment programme. Personal
security will not be addressed directly, but through advocacy on the political conflict,
through targeting youth employment and by applying a conflict sensitive approach in all
programming. Formal education and health services will not be addressed directly, but
NCA will work in close collaboration with other actors such as UNICEF. As for the last
condition, strengthening of civil society actors as a democratic force is an integral part of
the strategy, as described in more detail in chapter 5. REFLECT circles will be key to
strengthening community based civil society as this will be a forum/space for information
flow and reflection on rights for youth, Batwa and women.
5 The list covers the main elements but is not exhaustive
12 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Key Pathways for change: how we will achieve the preconditions.
To allow for food security and even food surplus for value addition and trade, farming
production needs to increase whilst also being resilient to weather variability and climate
change. To achieve this, NCA sees the need to improve farming techniques, increase the
knowledge of changes in weather / climate so that farmers can adapt, and improve the
management of the production both in terms of preservation of harvest and income
management. Access to water and irrigation systems is a pre-requisite in times of
drought.
In order for the community to embrace new ways of generating income, communities
should be able to develop and run correctly micro, small and medium size market orient-
ed enterprises and businesses either by developing non-farming products or by adding
value to agricultural produce. Creating and sustaining enterprises is only viable if mar-
kets are available and accessible. Knowledge on marketing, access to pricing information,
competitiveness of the products as well as a favourable business environment, both legal
or physical are important.
As mentioned, access to basic services, in particular water and sanitation, is a precondi-
tion both to achieve the overall goal and other preconditions. In order to achieve this, the
required infrastructure for access to clean and sufficient water must be in place: in insti-
tutions such as schools, health centres and public markets, and for household consump-
tion and for irrigation. Hygiene and sanitation practices and services must be conducive
to sustaining adequate health conditions. Rights holders’ active participation in the deci-
sion making process on design and implementation of WASH services is important to en-
sure ownership and sustainability, as is community ownership and involvement of local
authorities.
The programme will ensure participation of women and seek to address specific challeng-
es of gender equality such as social constructions and gender roles in order to provide
opportunities for both sex to achieve social and economic empowerment.
Risks
Risks and risk management is further elaborated in chapter 11. Particular note should be
given to risks related to the current political crisis and political climate, such as risks to
personal security, both for staff, partners, rights holders and other participants in the
projects.
Results also depend on the level of democratic engagement by government authorities
and institutions, as they will be key collaborators of NCA in their quality as duty bearers.
As for local government, with whom NCA works more often, often lacks required capacity
and is underfunded and this presents a challenge.
NCA added-value/criteria for selecting preconditions to work on
NCA has selected to work on the three programmes not only because there are acute
needs to reduce poverty, but also because the organisation has gained experience in
building communities’ livelihoods through the development self-confidence (“power with-
in”). NCA has experience and competency in community mobilization and use of methods
such as REFLECT and Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), also in combination. NCAs
capacity to organize rural communities into developments groups (community self-help
13 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
associations6), combined with our long presence in Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural (since
2004) has helped to build good relationship with both local authorities and local commu-
nities. This comes, particularly, as a result of our transparency and accountability princi-
ples in implementation by being open with all key stakeholders about our programmes,
funding and results. Moreover, as almost all NCA and partner staff have been trained on
and practiced “Do No Harm” and conflict sensitivity, local authorities have respect and
recognition of NCA and partners for ensuring that our interventions comes to build social
cohesion and peace.
6 In this strategy, we will seek to organize these groups into cooperatives or Saving and Loans groups (that we call IKIGEGA, literary meaning Granary)
14 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
5. Strengthening civil society
Working strategically with civil society
NCA will collaborate with local partners who will have the overall responsibility for pro-
gramme implementation, starting from beneficiary selection to the actual work of sup-
porting communities.
The local partners are divided in four main groups:
1. Faith-based organisations (FBOs): at present, NCA plans to work with 5 FBOs:
The development branch of the Catholic Diocese of Muyinga (ODEDIM), which
covers Kirundo, the Anglican Church of Burundi, the Burundi National Council of
Churches (protestant churches), the Peace and Justice Commission (CEJP)of the
Catholic Church and the Pentecostal Church development agency (CEPBU). These
partners will be involved in implementation and advocacy related to the climate
resilience and the economic empowerment programmes. With this group, NCA
wants to ensure that service delivery is linked to advocacy, both at local and
national levels. Working with FBOs helps to reach out to communities with their
grass-root structures and volunteers who are experienced in community
mobilization. The mix of FBOs with other civil organisations helps to build mutual
learning.
2. Civil society organisations (three at present): they will work with their specific
target groups on the economic empowerment and climate resilience programmes.
They will collaborate and share experience with other partners working on similar
programme activities. OPDE on economic empowerment for Youth in Bujumbura
rural, EMUSO on economic empowerment for women in Kirundo, and UNIPROBA
on Climate resilience and economic empowerment for Batwa in both provinces.
3. ADDF and AFEV for the GBV programme. For these two partners, there will be a
transition period of two years to phase-out NCA support in which they will
continue to run transit centres in the province of Bujmbura and Kirundo.
4. Finally, NCA will partner with resource organisations, including one company from
the private sector, Agri- Business Services (ABS). These organisations have
technical competence and will provide capacity building for our local partners and
own staff.
Strengthening civil society through programme work
In order to achieve programmatic results and ensure sustainability, NCA and partners will
build and strengthen community based civil society structures such as village councils,
saving groups, water management committees, and disaster preparedness committees7.
These community structures will play both the role of community mobilizers and role
models on one hand and the role of local advocacy, thus constituting the bridges be-
tween NCA partners, duty bearers and right holders. For example, in the Climate resili-
ence programme, these community structures will be used as community task forces,
spreading new techniques on climate smart agriculture, the protection of key infrastruc-
tures, and the organisation of community saving and loan-groups (Ikigega) in the Eco-
7 Note that in many places, where some type of community committee already exists (such as peace commit-tees or WASH committees) it will be more effective to expand the mandate of these committees towards disas-ter preparedness rather than to create separate committees for each topic.
15 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
nomic Empowerment. The lack of community structures today is a handicap for commu-
nity based development as ownership is not there.
NCA emphasises bridge building between civil society and local government authorities8
in all programmes, and this dialogue expands the room for expression by rights holders.
It is an aim of NCA that structures established are able and motivated to self-initiate pro-
jects in their communities. REFLECT circles will constitute the main forum for building
community civil society groups whereas, at higher levels, NCA Burundi will focus on
building the capacity of networks and umbrella structures in civil society, such as the
Council of churches of Burundi (CNEB) and other relevant networks. Stronger collabora-
tion between actors, such as within the council of churches, will improve the quality of
advocacy needed to achieve programme results, but also leave these structures capable
of a much greater extent to drive issues that concern their members.
Capacitating core partners as civil society actors
Many of NCA's core partners have a relatively weak organizational structure and often
lack visions and clear strategies. Partners implement agreed activities effectively, but the
lack of independence restrains them from growing and becoming sustainable organiza-
tions, financially and programmatically. NCA and local partners will jointly analyse their
needs and sign a Memorandum of Understanding with a common commitment to organi-
sational and programmatic development goals, and ensure a perspective on long-term
collaboration despite having yearly contracts. Strategic and operational planning, as well
as financial management and control will be important elements in the capacity building
of local partners. The main challenges in capacity building are mainly related advocacy
skills including policy analysis, standardized monitoring and evaluation practices, ac-
countability to rights holders and duty bearers (applying HAP principles), etc. For finan-
cial management capacity, the main issues are to build internal control systems and to
diversify funding sources so as to avoid dependency on NCA.
Churches and faith based organisations have been relatively less vocal than other civil
society groups and this is what NCA wants to challenge because their legitimacy is a high
potential for speaking for the poor. Faith-based organizations (FBOs) in particular have a
strong representation in the communities where NCA works, with a clear mandate to rep-
resent the poor and neglected. As legitimate moral voices in society, FBOs have a great
potential for developing their roles as human rights defenders and agents for social
change (including the promotion of ethical standards), both at national and local levels.
8 Where these local authorities do not have enough capacity, NCA will provide them support
16 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
6. Programmes
In order to respond to the challenges and preconditions outlined in chapter 4 9, NCA's
three programmes will be run parallel with the aim to streamline and share resources
and target groups. The Economic Empowerment program aims to create news economic
opportunities, the climate resilience programme to increase agricultural production, and
WASH to serve agricultural production as well as to provide water and sanitation services
to the communities.
The acute poverty of many right holders, in combination with past and current conflict
related grievances, makes it challenging to introduce limited resources and opportunities
in a conflict sensitive way. With basis in the capacity gained and lessons learnt in the
previous strategy period, NCA and partners will take care to ensure clear and transparent
selection processes, invest in communication with the broader community and make visi-
ble the community gains from the programme.
Transitioning from the programmes implemented in 2013-2015 to the new strategy and
programme is expected to be quite logical and smooth for the majority of activities. While
some of the content will be new, activities related to the empowerment of women, Batwa
and youth will follow the same logic as previously. Also in the previous programmes, ag-
riculture and job creation were focus areas, the difference is that this will now be done in
a more systematic way.
The previous programme had support to GBV survivors through transit centres as a sub-
stantial activity. The move from assistance to empowerment will require a transition pe-
riod where centres will still be supported financially, however with a view to increase or-
ganizational capacity and the ability to secure other funding sources. At the same time
NCA and partners will focus on empowering economically former clients as well as vul-
nerable women around the centres, as part of the new programming. The centre of
ADDF, built with NCA/Norad support, could for instance host entrepreneurship training
for women.
For full results frameworks for the programmes, please see annex 4, for an overview of
baseline data collection process, please see annex 8.
9 The theory of change and results framework have been adapted to the Burundian context so there may be some difference in the wording from NCAs global terminology
17 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
6.1. Global Programme: Economic Empowerment
Needs analysis
Burundi's economy is weak and not diversified. The contribution of the industry sector to
the GDP is only around 18%. Agriculture, which engages more than 90% of the popula-
tion, still represents less than 40% of GDP (mostly coffee and tea). Agriculture which
makes up the most important source of income in rural Burundi , faces numerous chal-
lenges including both climate change and variability, land constraints (due to population
pressure), limited access to technology (the 2015 NCA baseline study shows that while
53% of youth master SMS, only 13% of youth master basic internet use, and even less
master document writing and e-mail) and appropriate farming techniques. The country in
general and the target population in particular needs to find new alternatives to increase
their income. The alternative could be linked to agriculture value chain development or
be non-agriculture based entrepreneurship.
However, business development in Burundi is constrained by several factors: lack of en-
trepreneurship culture in the population, lack of skills and information about how to cre-
ate, manage and maintain a business, low use of new technologies, lack of assets and
access to capital and credit, the regulatory environment, and weak marketing strategies.
Corruption is also a challenge to business development, which not only leads to lack of
transparency in market procurement but also creates unequal access to different produc-
tion factors such as capital and land.
In addition to the above mentioned constraints, NCA target group (women, youth and
Batwa) face particular challenges, linked mostly to social norms and practices. These in-
clude unequal gender roles, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of family planning, un-
safe sexual practices leading to HIV and early pregnancies and early marriages for girls.
Alcohol consumption is a barrier to access and/or maintain capital as men and women
spend their funds on alcohol rather than investing in income generating activities.
Women and girls face particular challenges to succeed and advance economically. In Bu-
rundi social and cultural expectations limit the role of most women in society to that of a
housewife and domestic care givers and implicitly exclude women as potential entrepre-
neurs. Household responsibilities increase with the number of children, and early mar-
riages and pregnancy inhibit girls' chances to be engaged in economic activities. The
2015 baseline study confirmed the unequal distribution of domestic tasks in Kirundo and
Bujumbura. Moreover, most of women and Batwa are limited in their business ambitions
by illiteracy. For Batwa, another specific challenge for raising their level of entrepreneur-
ship is their lack of self-esteem as well as their low level of education.
Programme goal and theory of change
The goal of the economic empowerment programme is to secure sustainable entrepre-
neurship opportunities for women, youth and Batwa in the provinces of Kirundo and Bu-
jumbura rural.
This goal will be achieved if the following key preconditions are in place:
1. Target communities, especially youth, Batwa and women, develop
knowledge, skills and positive attitude towards the creation, the man-
18 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
agement and maintenance of entrepreneurial enterprises, both in agricul-
ture and non-agricultural entrepreneurial activities.
2. Target communities access capital to start and scale up their business
ideas. Community Saving and loans groups are operational and able to mobilize
funds from within and to support individual or collective business initiatives, and
later on linked up to Microfinance institutions or banks.
3. Youth, women and Batwa access local and/or national markets with
competitive products. Access to information on pricing and adequate infrastruc-
ture (roads, market space10, etc.) is a precondition for competitive products to ac-
cess markets.
4. Prevalent gender and social norms are favourable for the economic em-
powerment of women, youth and Batwa. This relates to rights holders own
confidence as well as communities' attitudes.
Programme description
The key components of this programme are 1) to promote entrepreneurship and enable
value addition on products and, 2) enable access to capital and markets, and 3) address
norms constraining economic activities of women, youth and Batwa.
The main strategies to achieve this will be through training and mobilisation of rights
holders, media campaigns and advocacy. As many of the enterprises to be developed will
depend on agricultural produce and the availability of water, the programme will work in
close synergy with the climate resilience and WASH programmes. While the Climate resil-
ience programme will seek to increase production, the Economic Empowerment will seek,
in the case of agri-business, to increase the value of the agricultural produce (through
improved processing, conservation, packaging, labelling and marketing) and to access
the market, both locally and nationally. As to the links between the Economic Empow-
erment and the WASH programmes, the latter will seek to sensitize business areas (mar-
ket spaces, processing factories, etc.) to appropriate hygiene and sanitation practices.
In addition to illiteracy and lack of time due to housework, lack of skills was seen by
many respondents (25%) as a barrier to business development. To promote entrepre-
neurship and enable value addition, NCA and partners will increase the capacity of youth,
women and Batwa on business development and management, market opportunity anal-
ysis and marketing skills. This will be done through cooperation with a resource partner,
the Burundi Business Incubator (BBIN), which is specialized in the promotion of entre-
preneurship and ABS, specialized in Agriculture development, with an emphasis on the
use of modern technology such as computers and mobile phones where possible. The
programme will also use media, community facilitators, cultural activities and sport to
foster a culture of entrepreneurship and self-employment in the communities.
64% of respondents in the 2015 baseline study stated that access to capital was a barrier
to business development. To address the lack of capital, the programme will encourage
rights holders to organise into loan and saving groups (IKIGA, literary meaning “grana-
ry”), in order to increase the possibility of accessing capital for investment in small and
10 But as market space building is often too expensive, NCA would focus on market space sanitation in the WASH programme, and would limits, , its work in EE programme at sensitizing communities and local authori-ties to rehabilitate their market space themselves.
19 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
medium size enterprises. NCA Burundi will collaborate with NCA Tanzania for experience
sharing with the VICOBA members and initiators. These enterprises could be established
either by individual members of the groups or as cooperatives of more than one person.
To address challenges with market access and the regulatory environment, NCA and
partners will carry out advocacy, particularly together with religious leaders and net-
works, on barriers to entrepreneurship development in general and around business eth-
ics, corruption in particular. The advocacy will be based on research to identify the im-
pact of corruption and other regulatory and administrative barriers which limit the possi-
bility of establishing and expanding businesses or reduce market access.
Finally, to address social norms and practices in order to create enabling factors for
business development for youth, women, and Batwa, NCA and partners will use the RE-
FLECT methodology to develop the skills, knowledge, and perceptions of the community
in general and rights holders in particular on issues such as gender roles, HIV, illiteracy,
family planning and alcohol abuse. The rate of schooling of Batwa children is low com-
pared to others (the 2015 baseline study showed that 77% of Batwa boys, and 56% of
Batwa girls are in school). Batwa will also be sensitized to increase the rates of children’s
education.
20 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
6.2. Global Programme: Climate Resilience
Needs analysis
The impact of global warming and poorer yields in combination with the fact that 40 % of
Burundi's GDP is based on agriculture makes the country vulnerable and at high risk of
climate change. Negative effects such as exacerbated child malnutrition and increased
dependence on humanitarian aid could be the direct effects. Experiences from NCA's
work on food production in Kirundo and Bujumbura rural in the last three years have
shown the extent of weather dependence for agricultural production. Research predicts
annual precipitation losses of 50–100 mm from the year 2000 to 2050 in the northern
(especially Kirundo) and eastern provinces, areas that already have a history of intermit-
tent drought. From 1998 to 2005, 35 % of livestock died due to drought, and a vast ma-
jority of respondents (90%) to the NCA baseline study stated that they had seen changes
in the patterns and amounts of rainfall over the past decade. The data suggests a need
for drought-tolerant agricultural technologies and natural resource management in these
regions. On the other hand, annual precipitation is predicted to increase by up to 200
mm in the western provinces (including Bujumbura rural), and by more than 200 mm in
the rest of the country (ibid). This could be favourable for crop production, but, as seen
in February 2014, it increases the risk of flooding and landslides with resulting loss of
lives.
Reasons for the slow improvement in agricultural production over the last decade in-
cludes soil degradation, limited arable land in the face of a mounting demographic pres-
sure (only 36% of Burundi is arable land) , poor farming techniques and limited access to
quality farming inputs such as quality seeds and fertilizers. Land management is unstruc-
tured, and people often do not know the exact borders or size of their land (58% of men,
25 % of women know the borders of their land according to the 2015 baseline study). At
the same time, there are opportunities: marshes, if drained and well managed, could be
made available for farming, and the numerous lakes provide opportunities for irrigation
and fisheries both in Kirundo and Bujumbura rural.
Water and land management, including small scale irrigation, land management plan-
ning, and marshes exploitation will be crucial to respond to the problems above and as
the baseline study shows some prior knowledge on these topics in the provinces Kirundo
and Bujumbura rural exists already .
Programme goal and theory of change
The goal of this programme is to build communities’ resilience to climate change in Ki-
rundo and Bujumbura rural. This will be achieved if the following preconditions are in
place:
1. Key infrastructures such as roads, houses, schools and soil, are protected
and more resilient to climate change. As pointed out in the 2015 World Bank
vulnerability assessment, access to infrastructure, and implementing risk mitigation
standards in daily life and during crisis is essential for resilience and in particular the
ability to spring back from disasters.
2. Knowledge of climate change and weather extremes and coping mechanisms
is increased and applied by farming communities. Availability of up-to-date
21 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
information and ownership of knowledge within communities is essential for
sustainability of results.
3. Farming inputs (seeds, fertilisers, techniques) are available and accessible
to farmers. This is essential to achieve food security and an increase of such a scale
that a surplus is possible. Food security is essential in Kirundo and Bujumbura as
much of the family’s livelihoods depends upon agriculture.
4. Soil, land and water (rain and lakes) management and protection are
improved. The agricultural sector in both Kirundo and Bujumbura rural is highly
vulnerable to shock, the population vulnerable to flooding and landslides so
communities must be trained to mitigate risks.
5. Institutional capacity for response to climate change and variability is
enhanced. It is the responsibility of the state to protect its citizens, through for
instance early warning systems and contingency plans. Governmental institutions
enhance capacity and public functions in regards to risk mitigation.
Programme description
The program aims for increased sustainability and resilience of agriculture. NCA and
partners will in-crease the know-how and access to information on agricultural practices
and climate risks, risk and resilience methodologies. The availability of information on
climate change, the development of early warning system or communication approach as
well as a drought/flood response and mitigation practices such as contingency plans con-
stitute key elements of climate change adaptation and resilience. The 2015 baseline
study shows that little information on climate change is available in the communities
(less than 20%) and that few communities have a contingency plan (less than 5%). A bi-
annual national symposium (which has not previously been held in Burundi) will bring
civil society actors, practitioners, researchers and government officials together to raise
awareness and discuss practical recommendations for the way forward. The REFLECT
method will be used to promote dialogue and learning in communities, supported by the
above-mentioned research.
To improve agriculture, NCA and partners will support local institutions to revive and
strengthen the capacity and engagement of local seeds centres. These provide selected
seeds and plants, transfer knowledge on seed production and regeneration and ensure
the availability of pest management practices. Livestock farming will enhance the availa-
bility of organic fertilisers. NCA will also ensure communities ownership by setting up
community task forces (TF) which will support the communities in mitigating and re-
sponding to disasters.
NCA and partners will document and ensure dialogue between farmers (REFLECT groups)
and local institutions (and present findings in the bi annual symposium) on climate-smart
techniques including appropriate and affordable irrigations mechanisms such as drip and
pot irrigation, seed priming, micro dosing, crop rotation, and watershed management
such as afforestation, anti-erosion and rain water retention. Promotion of new techniques
by committed farmers who can act as role models will promote peer-to-peer learning and
scale-up of initiatives. The use of low-cost and available technology such as mobile
phones will be promoted for communication. However NCA will also explore the possibil-
ity of using marshes for agriculture through participatory sustainable management sys-
tems. For infrastructure development and protection, NCA will sometimes work opera-
tionally, but in all cases community ownership is essential to ensure sustainability
22 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
through maintenance. As population pressure on land is one of the problems for sustain-
able land management, family planning is one of the issues that will be touched upon in
the REFLECT discussions, during capacity building of farmers on different technics.
6.3. Global Programme: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Needs analysis
At the national level, 73% of the population has access to an improved water source. The
numbers are lower in rural areas, in Kirundo province, for instance, only 36% of the pop-
ulation access an improved water source. About 55% of the population uses unimproved
latrines in Burundi, most of which are open holes. In rural areas this figure amounts to
58%, against 25% in urban areas. For Batwa, the figure is even higher: 64% use unim-
proved toilets and another 12% practice open defecation (against 2% for the total popu-
lation). The percentage of Batwa of those practicing open defecation is even higher in
Kirundo, at nearly 20%. This structural deficiency is exacerbated by the lack of
knowledge and training on the use and maintenance of water and sanitation infrastruc-
tures. Funding is also an issue: often the institutions responsible for maintenance do not
have the finances necessary.
The effect is a high prevalence of waterborne diseases in Burundi. The 2010 DHS survey
found that 25% of children under five had at least one diarrhoea episode in the two
weeks prior to the survey.
As an agriculture-based economy, access to water is important, but also under pressure.
The persistent deforestation of common land threatens watersheds, and erosion and run-
off reduces the recharge of ground water. The situation is further complicated by changes
in precipitation patterns. The synergies between access to water and sanitation and the
other programmes are strong: climate resilience is needed for sustainable access to wa-
ter, and WASH infrastructure is a prerequisite both for sustainable agricultural develop-
ment and improved productivity as well as business viability (hygiene and sanitation are
key to market places and other business areas).
Programme goal and theory of change
The overall goal of the WASH programme is to increase the level of access to adequate
and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene services and practices for improved health
in communities of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural. This will be achieved through the follow-
ing preconditions:
1. Communities decide to enter the WASH program following a self-
assessment of the wash condition of their village; this is essential as it will
lead to ownership of the program and results. Ownership will translate in the
sustainability of the program and results.
2. Local government is involved in planning and provides direction. This is a
perquisite to achieve a positive working environment in the communities, in
particular with regards to maintenance and the potential for overall planning and
coordination. NCA’s experience is also that the involvement of local government
23 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
from the beginning is essential to avoid or solve any conflicts around the
exploitation of infrastructures.
3. Availability of and access to water and sanitation infrastructures at
household and institutional level (schools, health centres and public
markets). Access to WASH services implies not only that the services exist, but
that they are accessible and appropriate for users, including women and those
with disabilities.
4. Governmental policies on WASH services are improved and prioritized.
Advocacy for the implementation or translation of polices into practical and
concrete obligations would address the need for funding, coordination and
diminish conflict over resources.
Programme description
The NCA Burundi WASH programme will be implemented with a combination of opera-
tional activity in construction of water and sanitation infrastructure (particularly in
schools in collaboration with UNICEF), awareness raising on hygiene practices and
through community mobilization around needs and possibilities for improvement.
Water committees will be established wherever infrastructures are constructed, with clear
agreements between all stakeholders on roles and responsibilities. The committees will
be gender balanced, and it is an aim for NCA Burundi that women not only participate,
but also take leadership. In schools, hygiene committees promote hygiene with peer stu-
dents, observe that the state of sanitation facilities is acceptable.
Use of the REFLECT methodology will provide an opportunity for learning and reflection
on needs and solutions, but also, through so-called “open circles” to discuss the needs
with authorities. The Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) methodology will also be a
key method for the programme, as it has previously proven remarkably effective in im-
proving sanitation situation in households.
Through community ownership and government involvement, NCA will encourage com-
munities to prepare strategic community plans for WASH services. The plans should pro-
vide an overview of needs and opportunities for improvement, and also facilitate mainte-
nance through reflections and prescriptions on for instance which types of water pumps
and equipment to be used. It is important for NCA that community initiatives result not
only in the maintenance of structures NCA has put in place, but that the community is
capacitated and encouraged to take own initiatives, based on their own time and labour,
to further improve their living conditions.
24 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
6.4. Contextual Programme: Gender-Based Violence
During the last 5 years, NCA Burundi has supported the work of civil society organization
in their efforts to reduce Gender-based violence (GBV). While NCA has achieved signifi-
cant results in providing holistic assistance to GBV survivors (medical, social and legal
services) through transit centers, it has been decided to phase out this support in line
with recommendations to concentrate interventions thematically for more impact.
Transition from the current strategy (ending 2015) to the new one (2016-2020) requires
that the transit centers are able to raise funds. During a transition period of 2 years NCA
will support the activities of two centers in parallel with assisting them with fund raising
to find other donors. One of the centers is in Kirundo, run by AFEV, and the other one in
Bujumbura, run by ADDF. These centers will provide legal, medical as well as psycho-
social services to survivors, including shelter.
Moreover, NCA and partners will continue to work on the community reintegration of GBV
survivors and link them to women economic empowerment projects and initiatives if they
come from Kirundo and Bujumbura rural.
25 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
7. Emergency preparedness and response
Burundi is a fragile country that has not managed to build a peaceful bridge between the
decade-long civil war (1993-2005) to the democratic and stable state as outlined in the
Arusha peace agreement.
The 2015 elections that were rejected by both national and international community led
to an uncertain political situation. NCA and partners will keep updating the Emergency
and Preparedness Response Plan (EPRP) developed in collaboration with ACT Alliance
members (ACT) in order to be able to respond timely to an emergency situation. In line
with this plan, NCA will focus on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) while the other
ACT members will plan for intervention in Food and Non-food support; Health and Protec-
tion; Shelter and Settlement; Peacebuilding and Community support. Probable and pos-
sible events in neighbouring countries that could affect Burundi will been taken into ac-
count in the plan.
Further, the NCA long-term programmes will mitigate natural disasters, through enhanc-
ing community resilience. In the two last years, Burundi has had two serious landslides,
one that took more than 150 lives, with many more loosing their land and assets. Essen-
tial infrastructures (such as roads, water distribution and sanitation) were damaged and
put the affected population in danger, particularly due to open defecation. The climate
resilience and WASH programmes will reduce the risks associated with landslides in the
geographical areas of interventions and if any natural crises happen, NCA Burundi with
WASH components and the other ACT members’ interventions will strive to be prepared
to assist the affected population. In the case of a landslide or other natural disasters,
NCA will procure materials needed locally. The most urgent materials described in the
EPRP will be in stock or within reach. A mobile water purification system is pre stored and
shared with NCA DRC.
In the case of emergencies, NCA Burundi will deploy the permanent WASH and pro-
gramme staff with support from NCA Head Office and / or other NCA offices. NCA is ca-
pable of doing conflict sensitive analysis and planning for WASH, monitoring and report-
ing in emergencies. Further training is planned with other ACT partners on preparation
and implementation of gender and conflict sensitive emergency interventions, as well as
training on security in an unstable political context, for instance on how to share infor-
mation and be protected.
26 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
8. Finance and funding
Official development assistance (ODA) to Burundi has remained steady over the past four
years, totalling $546.3 millions in 2013. The top gross donors for Burundi that year were
Belgium, European Union institutions, the United States, the Netherlands and Germa-
ny11. There are fewer traditional bilateral donors in Burundi, possibly because it’s a
country often overshadowed by its larger neighbours with protracted crises.
Due to the current political crisis and increased insecurity, several important donors, in-
cluding the European Union12, Belgium, the USA and Germany have suspended their aid
to Burundi to increase international pressure and end the current violence and political
impasse. This withdrawal will not, for the most part, affect aid to civil society organisa-
tions. In fact, funding trends indicate that development aid to civil society is proportion-
ately higher in more fragile contexts13, where the state is weaker and the needs tend to
be greater. Accessing these funds is increasingly competitive owing the fewer number of
donors in Burundi.
In the past, NCA Burundi heavily relied on Norwegian institutional donors (74% in the
previous strategic period). UNICEF, which represented 11% of NCA Burundi's funding,
will continue to be an important donor, particularly with regard to WASH. NCA Burundi
will prioritise diversifying its funding base and has mapped and targeted new donors for
this strategic period (see Annex 5). NCA Burundi will begin the new strategic period with
partially secured funding for its Economic Empowerment program with funding from
UNICEF which started early 2015 and will last until April 2016. While this is an important
foundation for the future, efforts will be made to raise funds for all three programs to
safeguard sustainability and foster program growth.
Sectors which bilateral donors prioritise in Burundi include agriculture & food security
(10%), education (10%), water & sanitation (10%), sexual and reproductive health and
HIV/AIDS (18%), humanitarian aid (8%), and the environment (2%). Given the current
political crisis and insecurity, which has increased the need for humanitarian aid, NCA
Burundi foresees that humanitarian funding will increase in the near future. The most
recent figure from 2012 shows that humanitarian funding focused on funds for emergen-
cy food aid. Funding trends include collaboration in consortia and scaling innovative pro-
grams. NCA will therefore prioritise applying funds in collaboration with other agencies
and ACT Alliance members and collaborate with forward-thinking partners.
NCA's programmatic choices align with donor interests and the needs of the population,
particularly with regard to economic empowerment and climate resilience. Based on this,
NCA Burundi expects that each programme will maintain current donors and attract new
ones. Due to the relatively limited number of donors in Burundi, however, slow-to-
modest growth per program each year is expected, with the exception of humanitarian
assistance, which could increase more steadily.
11https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 12http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/may/12/eu-suspends-2m-aid-burundi-violent-crackdown-political-protests 13http://www.baobab.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/BBAidTrends2015.pdf
27 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Forecasted income
Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total
Pro-
grammes
CR 6 074 280 6 500 000 9 000 000 11 000 000 6 074 280 38 648 560
EE 3 570 484 6 500 000 9 000 000 9 500 000 9 500 000 38 070 484
WASH 3 795 688 4 000 000 4 000 000 4 500 000 4 000 000 20 295 688
GBV 1 559 548 1 000 000 2 559 548
Grand Total 15 000 000 18 000 000 22 000 000 25 000 000 25 000 000 105 000 000
28 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
9. Monitoring and evaluation
Monitoring principles and practices
- NCA Burundi has started to use mobile technology (smart phones and tablets) for
monitoring, which will be continued and expanded in this period. This saves time
and makes the data available and useable in a much more effective way.
- While NCA monitors projects, it is important that partners also have the capacity
and motivation to do systematic monitoring of their activities. NCA will encourage
partners to develop their respective monitoring tools, based on harmonization
and a common understanding of the information needed both by partners and
NCA.
- A lesson learnt from the previous period was that partners need space for
exchanging experiences both among themselves and with NCA staff. Therefore
one of the principles for monitoring for NCA Burundi is self and peer assessment
for learning. NCA’s experience is that this also creates a competitive atmosphere
in a friendly and positive way.
- The monitoring process should be inclusive and participatory, involving right
holders as much as possible. In addition to monitoring project indicators, NCA will
also monitor the level of conflict in the communities where we work, and how our
interventions influence, and are influenced by, conflict.
- While project monitoring is important, it should not compromise the safety of
staff or rights holders. Should the case arrive that insecurity prohibits direct
monitoring, remote monitoring through phones and reports will be implemented
temporarily.
Evaluations
Systematic monitoring of projects will be done on a quarterly basis, but support and
coaching of partners will be continuous. In line with the NCA evaluation policy, a pro-
gramme evaluation is planned for the end of the programme cycle. In addition to this, an
internal evaluation workshop will be held in January of each year and the proceedings
inform the methods and strategies of following year. All evaluation will be based on plan-
ning documents, and take into account the data from the baseline study for comparison.
29 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
10. Organisational prerequisites
Competence development
Although the staff at the Burundi office are relatively “young” in NCA, with nine out of 15
recruited the last three years, they are experienced in programme management, moni-
toring and evaluation, networking and capacity building. In addition, all the relevant staff
has good relationships with the government and local administration in the geographical
areas of intervention. Finance staff is competent in using the NCA tools, internal control
as well as monitoring of partners and their capacity development. Daily procurements
and logistics are ensured by the NCA Burundi administration’s staff while a qualified pro-
curement committee is in place for extensive purchases (e.g. WASH programme). All
current staff is trained in Do No Harm, accountability, gender, advocacy and NCA specific
tools.
NCA will strengthen the capacity of current staff and partners in programme themes such
as value chain development, climate change and variability risks assessment tools, sav-
ing and loan approach to entrepreneurship funding, as well as business development and
management (business plan). NCA will also train/strengthen the capacity of its staff and
partners on the CLTS approach (see WASH), though they have already some knowledge
on it.
Fundraising is an area where NCA in Burundi needs to strengthen its capacity, with sup-
port from HO funding advisers.
Human resource needs
NCA in Burundi has 15 national staff and one expatriate who cover most of the required
competences although some staff will have some new tasks in their job descriptions.
Support will also be provided by the regional adviser on economic development based in
Dar es Salam and head office advisors. However, to ensure results NCA foresees that two
employ two new people with professional competences in economic empowerment and
climate resilience. They will either be recruited by NCA or shared with an ACT sister or-
ganisation. The NCA WASH staff will also increase on a cost share basis with other organ-
isation. All costs will be linked to specific WASH funding granted to NCA or collaborating
organisations14.
Cost effectiveness
NCA Burundi and the ACT Alliance member Christian Aid currently share offices, and will
further elaborate a plan on how to share staff and tangible equipment. Discussions are
also on-going around the possibilities of joint programme implementation for more im-
pact and cost saving.
NCA in Burundi is testing a time billing system where all relevant staff indicates per day
use of time per activity / project in order to investigate whether this could be a tool for
control and planning. Similarly investments in material and vehicles for monitoring will be
allocated to projects/activities and years, making it easier to evaluate real costs of re-
sults. This is in line with the recommendations in the mid term review from 2014.
14 Today NCA has a WASH collaboration with ZOA, a Netherland based INGO
30 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Many of the local partner organisations are quite weak, and NCA will need to work closely
with them on capacity building and monitoring, both programmatic and financial to avoid
misuse of funds and corruption. Given the current political situation in Burundi, security
measures and management will also be quite costly.
31 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
11. Risk management
Please see below for a short description of strategic, financial and operational risks, as
well as hazards, threatening programme implementation.
Strategic
The main strategic risks for the programme include a low level of decentralization, which
leads to weak local government structures. With the political conflict around the 2015
elections, several donors, which have financed up to 50% of the national budget, have
frozen their contributions. Given that other revenues and tax collection are similarly
compromised by the conflict, keeping economic activity at an absolute minimum, even
small maintenances and repairs for instance of water points and latrines in schools will be
at risk. This is mitigated by the commitment that both local administration and their pop-
ulation have towards improving their lives.
NCA will strategically try to provide support not only to civil society but also to key gov-
ernment institutions to ensure that they deliver on their duty to meet public services de-
mands. As NCA would not be able to replace other institutional funding of the govern-
ment, efforts will be made to coordinate with other international organizations working in
our geographic areas of concentration in order to advice for more support to these local
government institutions and strengthen their capacity.
The population in the programme areas struggle for land and land rights, and it is possi-
ble that this situation will be worse considering the 2015 political crisis. People who
sought refuge in neighbouring countries will at some point come back and reclaim their
lands, which could lead to conflict. It will also be harder to build on the investments in
people made to date, as many of those who have received training have fled the country.
Financial
Burundi’s economy is on the brink to collapse. Inflation is higher than expected and the
national currency loosing value towards international currencies. Needs for funds increase
and the inclination towards fraud and corruption is on the rise, combined with nepotism
to protect the actions. NCA will therefore need close monitoring both with regards to im-
plementation of activities and financial management. NCA will ensure that all partners
use standard accounting systems, and that the organisations’ management is a stake-
holder on financial management. NCA will also set up programme with other international
NGOs (for instance CARE), to emphasize issues linked to fraud, corruption and business
ethics with partners. Transparency International is willing to assist.
Given the unstable socio-political situation, which has escalated into serious conflicts,
funding for long- term programmes could be compromised through an increased focus on
emergency interventions.
Operational
Programme implementation depends on NCA and partners’ internal capacity in terms of
staffing as well as the choice of resource partners , as some of the activities will require
new resources, see also chapter 10.
32 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
With new programmatic areas, the risk of having under- or over-estimated targets in-
creases. To mitigate this risk, parts of the first year will be used for training and relation-
ship-building with new partners.
The political situation increases the risk of reduced focus by staff members and partner
organisations, and limits movement within Bujumbura and between regions. The ACT
alliance is currently developing a joint EPRP to mitigate risks, but being lead for this pro-
cess, NCA risks that it will be time-consuming and take focus away from other activities.
Actions to mitigate or decrease these risks include management training on security, the
use of MoUs in partner programmes to focus more on the operational capacity of part-
ners, including finance.
Hazards
Hazards that threaten programmes include the unstable political situation with increasing
numbers of refugees and IDPs, unpredictable heavy rain that can cause natural disasters
(landslides, flooding), drought and crop destruction.
33 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
List of References
- Amnesty international, Braving Bullets Excessive force in Policing demonstrations
in Burundi, Index: AFR 16/2100/2015
- The World Bank (2015) Burundi Vulnerability Assessment. Report No: AUS6966
- 2010 DHS Survey : Institut de Statistiques et d’Études Économiques du Burundi
(ISTEEBU), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Lutte contre le Sida [Burundi]
(MSPLS), et ICF International (2012) Enquête Démographique et de Santé
Burundi 2010. Bujumbura, Burundi : ISTEEBU, MSPLS, et ICF International.
- United Nations Development Programme (2014), 2014 Human development
report: Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building
Resilience. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-report-en-1.pdf
- Sterck, O. (2015) “The Burundi crisis: Local Grievances, Ethnicity, and the
Economy” Blog. http://blogs.csae.ox.ac.uk/2015/06/the-burundi-crisis-local-
grievances-ethnicity-and-the-economy/
- CREDES-Bdi (2015) “Analyse secondaire des données WASH: Baseline study for
Kirundo” Norwegian Church Aid.
- Ntahontuye, N. and Le Centre de Recherche, de Planification et de Suivi-
Evaluation (CRPSE) (2014) « Rapport de l’evaluation a mi-parcours des
programmes : Femme, Paix et Sécurité ; et Violence communautaire et contrôle
des armes légères » Norwegian Church Aid.
- Baramburiye, J., Kyotalimye, M., Thomas, T.S. and Waithaka, M. (2012)
“Burundi” iWaithaka, M., Nelson, G.C, Thomas, T.S., Kyotalimye, M. (eds) (2012)
East African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis,
International Food and Policy Research Institute.
- Buzingo, D. (2015) «Etude sur la situation sociale, economique et politique des
Batwa du Burundi» Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) and Unissons-Nous Pour la
Promotion des Batwa (UNIPROBA)
- CIA (2015) CIA World Factbook Burundi:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html, last
accessed 10/08/2015
- The Guardian (2015) “EU suspends €2m aid to Burundi amid violent crackdown
on political protests” The Guardian online12 May 2015:
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/may/12/eu-suspends-
2m-aid-burundi-violent-crackdown-political-protests . Last accessed 10 Aug
2015.
- Transparency International (2014) “Corruption Perception Index”
https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results. Last accessed 10 Aug 2015.
- Plateforme Nationale de Prévention des Risques et de Gestion des Catastrophes
(PNPRGC), (2014) “Burundi : analyse des facteurs de risques, évaluation des
dommages et propositions pour un relèvement et une reconstruction durables :
Evaluation rapide conjointe suite à la catastrophe des 9-10 février 2014 aux
alentours de Bujumbura »
- Foy, D. (2014) “Burundi Faces Challenges Beyond Elections”, Gallup
http://www.gallup.com/poll/183047/burundi-faces-challenges-beyond-
elections.aspx. Last accessed 12.08.2015 NCA feasibility study
- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) (2015) “2011-2014 Burundi Four Year Report”
Norwegian Church Aid.
- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) (2014) “Feasibility Study for working with youth
platforms in Burundi”. Norwegian Church Aid
34 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) (2013) “2012 Kirundo Baseline Study” Norwegian
Church Aid.
- Collins, Christy; Magnani, Rich; and Ngomirakiza, Evelyn. 2013 “USAID Office of
Food For Peace Food Security Country Framework for Burundi (FY 2014–FY
2019”). Washington, D.C.: FHI 360/FANTA.
- Karsi, Elif. The Relationship Between Women's Household Responsibilities and
Commute Lengths: A Study on Women in the United States and Great Britain.
ProQuest, 2008.
- Nkengurutse, L. (2015) “The Political crisis leaves Burundi on the Brink of
Economic Collapse” African Arguments at
http://africanarguments.org/2015/07/20/the-political-crisis-leaves-burundi-on-
the-brink-of-economic-collapse-by-lorraine-nkengurutse/ Last accessed at
12.08.2015.
- OECD - DAC ; http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats
- BAfD, OCDE, PNUD, CEA, Perspectives économiques en Afrique, 2012
- Baobab, CIVIL SOCIETY AID TRENDS 2015, Briefing No 3 ,
http://www.baobab.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/BBAidTrends2015.pdf
- Rapport sectorielle eau et assainissement 2012
- Inventaire National de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement , 2011
- OCHA, Burundi: Humanitarian Partners’ Presence - Who, What, Where (August
2015)
- The World Bank (2014), Burundi Vulnerability assessment
35 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 1: Map showing project areas
Kirundo
36 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 2: Partner information
Burundi partner portfolio is a mix of FBOs (5), CSOs (7) and private sector (1). Among
these partners, 3 of them are considered as resource partners whose role capacity build-
ing and knowledge transfer to other partners in relation to required expertise for out
three programmes. For the WASH programme, we will use the direct implementation
approach as we realized that using partners brings a lot of challenges, especially regard-
ing construction.
Name of partner 1: Communauté des Eglises de Pentecôte au Burundi (CEPBU).
Type FBO
Year of establishment 1975
Legal Status Registered National NGO
Number of employees 112
Number of members 913 476, grouped into 15 churches
Management structure General Assembly, Board, Executive Committee
Membership in Networks UKIAMKA (Ushirika wa Makanisa la Kipentekoste kwa Afrika ya Mashariki na
Kaskazini), a network of Pentecostal Churches of East African and central
African regions, gathering Burundi, RD Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya,
South Soudan, Ethiopia and Tanzania
Consortium HUMURA : A network of churches and faith based organizations
against HIV/AIDS
Financial foundation Donor based fundng as well as own funds
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission Develop and promote the integral welfare of human dignity and spiritual
integrity.
Geographic Focus All the provinces
Start of cooperation with NCA 2012
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Climate resilience
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
A good FBO with nationwide structures (through its churches) which can be
very useful for community mobilization and advocacy.
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the
role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support
Donors, other than NCA PMU (Swedish Pentecostal Church), FIDA International (A Finish FBO), Cor-
daid, Hope International
37 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Name of partner 2: Organisation Diocésaine pour l’Entraide et le Développement Intégral de
Muyinga (ODEDIM)
Type FBO, linked to the Catholic Diocese of Muyinga
Year of establishment 1990
Legal Status Registered as a national NGO
Number of employees 114
Number of members 20 Parishes
Management structure General Assembly , Board, Executive Committee
Membership in Networks It’s a member of CARITAS Burundi Network
Financial foundation Based on Donor funding
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission To contribute to the comprehensive development of the population of
Muyinga, without any form of discrimination based on religions, sex, ethnici-
ty or origin, though the foundation of this development work lies in the
Christian perspective.
Geographic Focus Muyinga and Kirundo (all 2 provinces make up the Diocese of Muyinga)
Start of cooperation with NCA 2016
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Climate Resilience
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
Experience in promoting community development, especially food security,
though community cooperatives. The other reason is its rootedness in the
communities. Moreover, the partnership is motivated by the will for NCA to
strengthen its cooperation with Faith based organizations in countries where
we work
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the
role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support.
Donors, other than NCA CRS, UNICEF, WFP, Global Fund, FAO, CORDAID, IFDC, Caritas International
Belgium
Name of partner 3: The Anglican Church of Burundi
TYPE FBO
Year of establishment 1992
Legal Status Registered as National NGO
Number of employees 114 (including staff in churches)
Number of members 7 Dioceses
Management structure Bishops College, Executive Committee
Membership in Networks The Anglican Church is member of ACTALLIANCE and of the Interfaith Plat-
form (CICB) and, together with the Catholic Church, is known for his advo-
cacy work on peace building at national level, in addition to its traditional
role in community development
38 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Financial foundation Donor funding and own funds
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission To impact people's lives with God's saving, redeeming and transforming love
Geographic Focus National
Start of cooperation with NCA 2016.
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Climate Resilience
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
Experience in promoting community development, especially food security.
The other reason is its rootedness in the communities. Moreover, the part-
nership is motivated by the will for NCA to strengthen its cooperation with
Faith based organizations in countries where we work
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the
role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. For
this organisation, NCA will use the score card, recently developed at HO, to
build its capacity in order to make it more stronger and influential actors in
the society
Donors, other than NCA Christian Aid, Trinity Church, The Anglican Alliance for Development, relief
and Advocacy, the Anglian Board of Mission
Name of partner 4: Commission Episcole Justice et Paix (CEJP) of the Catholic Church
Type FBO
Year of establishment 1999
Legal Status Registered as a national NGO
Number of employees 19
Number of members 210
Management structure General Assembly, Management committee
Membership in Networks Member of COSME (Election monitoring Consortium) , member of Confer-
ence of Bishops of Central Africa (ACEAC), Symposium des conférences
épiscopales d'Afrique et de Madagascar (SCEAM), the Interfaith Platform
(CICB),
Financial foundation Based on donor funding
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Good cooperation, though they disagreed with the National Government on
the current elections.
Mission Contributing to Peace, good governance and justice in the country
Geographic Focus National
Start of cooperation with NCA 2014
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Economic Empowerment - Advocacy
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
It is a strategic partner with very strong advocacy capacity and capability to
pull other faiths.
Division of labour between NCA It will mostly carry out advocacy on key barriers to market and economic
39 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
and partner (added value each
brings):
empowerment such as corruption
Donors, other than NCA Secours Catholique de France, MISEREOR, Développement et Paix Canada,
MMM Hollande, Justice et Paix Pays-Bas, IFES, AGH (German NGO), CAFOD,
SCIAF
Name of partner 5: Conseil National des Eglises du Burundi (CNEB)
Type FBO
Year of establishment 1935
Legal Status Registered as a national NGO
Number of employees 11
Number of members 13 CHURCHES
Management structure General Assembly, Executive Committee, Finance
Membership in Networks It the Interfaith Platform (CICB), ACTALLIANCE, the World Council of
Churches, the Fellowship of Christian Councils and Churches in the Great
Lakes and Horn of Africa (FECCLAHA), ACTALLIANCE,PEACE ONE DAY
Financial foundation Donor based funding
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission capacity building, improving the network, commitment to have advocacy
and lobbying, promoting partnership with CNEB, reinforcing ecumenical rela-
tionship through having strong relationship with other church-
es/denominations and religions both within and outside Burundi; promoting
the sharing of information at both the internal and external level, mobiliza-
tion of necessary resources, sensitizing the gender sensitivity;
Geographic Focus National
Start of cooperation with NCA 2015
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Climate Resilience – Advocacy
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
Experience and legitimacy in the advocacy work. It has a lot of connections
and is respected by national authorities.
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
This organisation is key to national advocacy. In order to strengthen this
role, NCA will use the score card, recently developed at HO, to build its ca-
pacity in order to make it more stronger and influential actors in the society
Donors, other than NCA UNICEF,ICCO Cooperation, World Council of Churches
Name of partner 6: Œuvre Humanitaire pour la Protection et le Développement de l’Enfant en
Difficulté (OPDE)
Type CSO
Year of establishment 1990
Legal Status Registered National NGO
40 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Number of employees 76
Number of members
Management structure General Assembly (GA), Board, and Management Team
Membership in networks Platform of organisations and institutions asssiting street children; Dynamo
International
Financial foundation Donors and own funds
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission To defend children’s rights; promote the global development of vulnerable
children; and, promote a spirit of solidarity, understanding and unity among
children in difficult situations.
Geographic Focus Bujumbura, Ngozi, Gitega and Kayanza;
Start of Cooperation 2008
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Economic Empowerment – for youth
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
This organization has a long experience in youth empowerment and has
been running a vocation training Centre for decades with funding from dif-
ferent donors
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
The partner’s role is the implementation of all project activities while the
role of NCA is to provide financial support and technical accompaniment,
including capacity building and coordination with other NCA partners.
Donors, other than NCA Child Fund Deutchland, AMIE Canada, French Agency for Development, Ar-
canum Foundation, Agence Wallonne de l'Air et du Climat
Name of partner 7: Unissons-nous pour la Promotion des Batwas (UNIPROBA)
Type CSO
Year of establishment 1999
Legal status Registered National NGO
Number of employees 23
Number of members 417
Management structure General Assembly, Executive Committee; control committee, Directorate
Membership in Networks Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC); Indigenous
Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (REPALEAC), International Land
Coalition.
Financial foundation Based on Donor funding
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
41 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Mission To unite the indigenous Batwa in the promotion of own rights and their so-
cio-economic and political integration.
Geographic Focus All provinces
Start of cooperation with NCA 2012
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Economic Empowerment and Climate Resilience
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
Experienced working with the Batwa. This is the main Indigenous people's
association and they have proven to be very successful in mobilizing Batwa
around their rights and support their empowerment, though the organisa-
tion need to improve their national advocacy strategies
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the
role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support.
Donors, other than NCA Cord, Fund for Global Human Rights, Government of Burundi(Ministry of
Solidarity and Human Rights), Counterpart international
Name of partner 8: Entente Mutuelle et Solidarité (EMUSO)
Type CSO
Year of establishment 2003
Legal Status Registered national NGO, operating in Kirundo only
Number of employees 8
Number of members 21
Management structure General Assembly, Executive committee
Membership in Networks Member of the Forum for strengthening Civil Society (FORSC)
Financial Foundation Donor based funding
Cooperation with local Govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission To contribute to the establishment of a peaceful society, through the promo-
tion of human dignity, and a climate of truth, justice, mutual understanding
and solidarity.
Geographic Focus Kirundo province
Start of cooperation with NCA 2003
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Economic empowerment ( of women and Youth)
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
The main rational for cooperation with this is partner is its local knowledge
of the province of Kirundo, in addition to its experience in mobilizing com-
munities using REFLECT method. It is very known by local authorities as it
was created in that province of Kirundo. However, its internal capacity is a
challenge
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the
role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. For
this organisation, NCA will use the score card, recently developed at HO, to
build its capacity in order to make it more professional
42 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Donors, other than NCA No other donors
Name of partner 9: Agri Business Services s.a (ABS)
Type Private Sector
Year of establishment 2012
Legal Status Registered as a Business company
Number of employees 7
Number of members 3 shareholders
Management structure Managed as a private company
Membership in Networks no membership
Financial foundation Shareholders and company profits
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission Developing agriculture value chain
Geographic Focus national
Start of cooperation with NCA 2016
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Climate resilience and Economic empowerment as a resource partner on
agri-business and agriculture value chain development
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
The main reason for this partnership is to have the organisation as a re-
source partner which would build the capacity of our partners, rights hold-
ers and staff on agriculture value chain management
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
The partners is a resource partner whose role is to transfer knowledge to
NCA and partners and rights holders
Donors (partners), other than
NCA
Christian Aid, ONUDI, African Development Foundation (USADF), Kilimo
Trust
Name of partner 10: Help Channel Burundi
Type CSO
Year of establishment 2003
Legal Status Registered as a national NGO
Number of employees 46
Number of members 13
Management structure
Membership in Networks It is a member of networks including Great Lakes Regional Alliance
(GLARA); Burundi Alliance; Civil Society Alliance for Scaling Up Nutrition in
Burundi; Agri-Hub Burundi
Financial foundation Based on Donor funding
43 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Very good cooperation
Mission Working to deliver aid and development programs in rural Burundi
Geographic Focus Kirundo, Makamba, Rutana, Cibitoke and Bururi
Start of cooperation with NCA 2016
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Climate resilience
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
The organisation is highly experienced in community development, especial-
ly in promoting food security and value chain development, including small
scale irrigation systems. We will use this organisation’s experience as learn-
ing/experience sharing strategy for other partners.
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the
role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. The
organization will also be used as reference for other partners on climate
resilience programme
Donors (partners), other than
NCA
Help A Child (HAC); Canadian Food Grain Bank (CFGB) & Menonite Central
Committee (MCC); European Union; World Food Program (WFP); Food and
Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO); International Fertiliz-
ers Development Center (IFDC); Conseil pour l’Education et le Développe-
ment (COPED)
Name of partner 11: Burundi Business Incubator (BBIN)
Type CSO
Year of Establishment 2012
Leal status Registered as a national NGO
Number of employees 21
Number of members 19 founding members
Management structure General Assembly, Executive Committee and Management Team
Membership in Networks No membership in networks
Financial foundation Based on funding and own income
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Mission Developing entrepreneurship and business in Burundi through Capacity
Building (as an incubator)
Geographic Focus National
Start of cooperation with NCA 2015 - Collaboration on the Youth empowerment project, cofounded with
UNICEF
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
Economic Empowerment
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
This is a resource partner which will train, accompany NCA partners and
beneficiaries in the area of business and entrepreneurship development
44 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
The partner will be responsible for capacity building for our partners, rights
holders and NCA staff on entrepreneurship and business development, in-
cluding the follow-up of rights holders. NCA will link it up with other partners
Donors (partners), other than
NCA
SPARK, BID Network, PRODEFI, PNUD, Embassy of the Netherlands
Name of partner 12: Action en Faveur des Enfants Vulnérables (AFEV)
Type CSO
Year of establishment 2003
Legal status Registered as a national NGOs
Number of employees 21
Number of members 41
Management structure General Assembly, Executive committee
Membership in Networks Participates in the networks of organizations working towards the prevention
of GBV and assisting GBV survivors.
Financial foundation Based on donor funding
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Mission To save, assist and educate children and youth in extreme vulnerable situa-
tions. This is achieved through advocacy for adoption of favourable policies
for orphans, the disabled, IDPs and street children whilst providing them
with a holistic education so that they may become productive citizens. AFEV
also provides psychosocial and economic assistance to these vulnerable
categories in order to provide them with the tools to cope in their difficult
situations.
Geographic Focus Present in Bujumbura,Kirundo Bubanza, Bururi, Cibitoke and Ngozi provinc-
es
Start of cooperation with NCA 2004
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
GBV (contextual programme) and Economic Empowerment
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
This partner has long experience working on GBV but as for the 1st year of
the strategy, it will be a phase-out process for the GBV transit centres sup-
port. It will be a transition from GBV assistance to economic empowerment
for GBV survivals and other vulnerable women, which we will collaborate on
with this partner, through the current GBV transit centres.
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the
role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support
Partners, other than NCA KIYO (a Belgian ONG)
45 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Name of partner 13: Association pour la Défense des Droits de la Femme (ADDF)
Type CSO
Year of establishment 2001
Legal status Registered as a national NGO
Number of employees 12
Number of members 30
Management structure General assembly, board, management team for transit centre
Membership in Networks SPPDF
Financial foundation Based on donor funding
Cooperation with local govern-
ment
Good cooperation
Mission Fighting GBV
Geographic Focus National
Start of cooperation with NCA 2003
Thematic/Global programme
area (technical expertise):
GBV (contextual programme) and Economic Empowerment
Rationale for NCA's partnership
with this organisation
This partner has long experience working on GBV but as for the 1st year of
the strategy, it will be a phase-out process for the GBV transit centres sup-
port. It will be a transition from GBV assistance to economic empowerment
for GBV survivals and other vulnerable women, which we will collaborate on
with this partner, through the current GBV transit centres. While the collab-
oration with this partners has experienced a lot of challenges regarding their
capacity, NCA Burundi has invested in strengthening structures and putting
in place procedures for this partner, whom NCA helped to build a Transit
Centre in Burjumbura. For the moment, with a close coaching, we see a lot
of improvement in its management.
Division of labour between NCA
and partner (added value each
brings):
All project activities will be implemented by the partner and the role of NCA
is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. For this organi-
sation, NCA plan to provide capacity building in order to achieve financial
and administrative autonomy of its GBV transit centre.
Partners, other than NCA None for the moment
46 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 3: Cross-cutting issues and strengthening civil society
47 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 4: Programme results frameworks
Annex 4.1 EE Results framework
Annex 4.2 CR results framework
Annex 4.3 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene results framework
Annex 4.4 Gender-Based Violence Results Framework
Annex 4.1
Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1. Rights holders
have established
micro or small
enterprises
1.1 Number of female and
male rights holders who
have established their own
enterprises.
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
The baseline is 0.
It can be noted that in the 2015 baseline
study, 17% of respondents (17% of
women, 18% of men) stated that they own
enterprises that they have established
themselves.
0 500 1500 3000 4 500
1.1 Surveys
with rights
holders.
Every 3 years Program Officer
1.2 % of female and male
rights holders with increased
income
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
Income levels as per September 2015 (In
Burundi Francs):
Overall: average 91 942 , median 12 500
Women: average 72 790, median 7 500
Men: average 123 777, median 25 000
Batwa women: average 18 222, median 38
Batwa men: average 18 223, median 9000
20 % 30 % 45 % 60 % 70 %
1.2 Baseline
survey
compared with
survey after
project
intervention.
Every 3 years Program Officer
1.3 Number of enterprises
who have regular employees
This indicator will be
measured among the
enterprises counted under
indicator 1.1
Baseline is 0
Only 5 (4%) of the businesses of
respondents have regular employees. Of
these, two are considered "micro" (1-2
employees), and three are considered
"small" (3-5 employees)
2 4 6 8 10
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1.1.1 Number of rights
holders who graduate
(passed the exam) from
training on business skills.
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
Baseline is 0.
23% of the population (women 22%, men
23%) in the target area have already
received training on business skills 1 500 4 500 9 000 12 000 15 000
Records from
training
institution and
Surveys
trainees
Annually Program Officer
Delivery at output level
Program goal: To secure sustainable entrepreneurship opportunities for women, youth and Batwa in the provinces of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural
Outputs
Responsible
1.1 Rights holders
have the necessary
knowledge and
skills to establish
and run a business
Outcome 1 Indicators Baseline 2015/16 Targets Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reporting
Annex 4.1
Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi
1.1.2 Number of men and
women who have graduated
(passed the exam) from
vocational training
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
Baseline is 0.
5% (3% of women, 10% of men) of the
population have received a professional
certificate in the last five years
100 200 300 400 500
Records from
training
institution and
Surveys
trainees
Annually Program Officer
1.2.1 Number of right
holders that have received
credit from save and loan
groups initiated through
NCA programmes.
Baseline is 0.
26% of the population (31% of women and
17% of men) in the target areas had
received credit from save and loan groups.
Save and loan groups represented 88% of
all loans received in the area.
500 1500 3000 4500 6000
Reports from
save and loan
groups
Annually Program Officer
1.2.2 Number of right
holders that have received
credit from microfinance
institutions
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
Baseline is 0.
Less than 1% of the population in the
target area have previously received credit
from a microfinance institution.0 2 5 10 20
report from
Micro-finance
Annually Program Officer
1.3. Rights holders
have access to
renewable energy
for their business
1.3.1 Number of rights
holders using renewable
energy in their business
This indicator will be
measured among the
enterprises counted under
indicator 1.1
Baseline is 0.
About 6 % of businesses in the target area
currently use renewable energy.10 % 12 % 15 % 20 %
Surveys and
interview with
rights holders.
Annually Program Officer
1.1 Rights holders
have the necessary
knowledge and
skills to establish
and run a business
1.2. Rights holders
have gained access
to capital for
investing in
business
Main activities under outcome 1: Training on entrepreneurship and business development by specialized institutions; coaching potential entrepreneurs on designing their enterprises; training
women, youth and Batwa on the saving and loan approach; linking members of the saving and loan groups to microfinance institutions for larger loans; campaigns (media broadcasting,
cultural events, ) to promote entrepreneurship in the communities; organizing competitions for innovative ideas of entrepreneurship in collaboration with private companies; workshops
(dialogue sessions) with microfinance institutions on entrepreneurship funding (especially women entrepreneurs); support to solar power installation for emerging small scale enterprises in
need of energy; vocational training for youth.
Annex 4.1
Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2.2 Number of rights holders
who give example of key
market barriers which have
been addressed
This indicator might be
revised after a complete
market assessment has
been conducted in target
communities.
To be developed
To be
develope
d
Surveys and
interviews with
key
stakeholders
Every 3 years Program Officer
2.3 Percentage of female
and male rights holders who
have increased their sales
compared to the previous
years
This indicator might be
revised after a complete
market assessment has
been conducted in target
communities.
To be developed
To be
develope
d
2.2 On-site
observations;
surveys with
rights holders
Every 3 years Program Officer
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2.1 The key
barriers to market
access are
identified and
communicated to
rights holders
2.2.1 Percentage of right
holders who are informed
about key market access
barriers
This indicator might be
revised after a complete
market assessment has
been conducted in target
communities.
To be developed
90 %
Surveys and
interviews with
right holders
Annually Program Officer
Outputs Delivery at output level
2. Rights holders
have gained
access to local or
domestic
markets
Outcome 2 Indicators Baseline 2015/16 Targets Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reporting
Responsible
Annex 4.1
Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi
2.2 Rights holders
have access to
information on
market and pricing
2.2.2 Percentage of rights
holders who compare prices
from 2 different local and
neighbouring markets
This indicator will be
measured in the population.
Baseline is 7% (10% of women, 4 % of
men)
14%(16% of women, 11% of men)
compare prices with the local market
10 % (12% of women, 7% of men)
compare prices with the markets of
neighbouring villages
4 % (4% of women, 5 % of men) compare
prices with markets in neighbouring towns
2% (for both genders) compare prices with
boutiques
5% (for both genders) do not compare
prices at all.
15 % 25 % 30 % 40 % 60 %
2.3 Rights holders
have added value
to their products
2.3.1 % of rights holders
who have added value to
products
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
Baseline is 0.
In general, 26% of the population have
done at least one thing to increase the
value of their product in the last year
(2014/2015)
6% transformed the raw product,
3 % improved the packaging
8 % Improved the quality
14 % did other things.
Differences between the genders were
negligible.
30 % 45 % 60 % 65 % 70 %
onsite
observation,
surveys and
interview with
RHs
Annually Program Officer
2.4 Rights holders
have advocated for
an improved
business
environment
2.4.1 Number dialogue
sessions between rights
holders and duty bearers on
identified barriers to market
access and
entrepreneurship.
This will be measured
specifically in the target
communities
Baseline is 0. 2 4 6 8 10 Minutes from
dialogue
sessions
Annually Program Officer
Main activities: research on market barriers, communication of market barriers to rights holders and duty bearers, facilitation of advocacy sessions to reduce
physical/gender/political/bureaucratic barriers to market access, training on marketing and value addition skills and techniques, conducting market analysis and assessments, assess and
implement low-cost ways of providing market price information to rights holders.
Annex 4.1
Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3.1 % of persons who
believe that there are
certain professions reserved
solely to men
This indicator will be
measured in the population
in the target areas.
Baseline is:
28 % of respondents (29 % of women, 26
% of men) believe that taxi driver is
reserved for men.
5% (4% of women, 7 % of men) believe
"business owner" is reserved for men
11 % (11% for women, 12% for men)
believe "entrepreneur" is reserved for men
52% (both genders) believe "construction
worker" is reserved for men
55 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 %
5 % Bi annually Program Officer
3.2 % of youth with
Knowledge on alcoholism as
barriers to economic
empowerment
This indicator will be
measured in the population
in the target areas.
Baseline:13 % of youth (15 % of young
women, and 10 % of young men) correctly
identified five or more potential
consequences of drinking.
24 % identified four or more consequences,
45 % identified three or more.
20 % 25 % 30 % 40 % 60 %
Interviews,
surveys with
right holders
Bi annually Program Officer
3.3 % of youth with
Knowledge unsafe sex as
barriers to economic
empowerment
This indicator will be
measured in the population
in the target areas.
Baseline: 5% (7% of young women and 3
% of young men) of youth correctly
identified five or more potential
consequences of unsafe sex.
13 % identified four or more consequences,
27 % identified three or more.
10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 45 %
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3.1 Men and
women have
developed a
positive image of
women
entrepreneurship
3.1.1 % of women who
believe they would feel
encouraged by their close
family (spouse or parents)
to start a business
This indicator will be
measured in the population
in the target areas.
The baseline survey showed that 87% of
respondents (85% of women, 91% of men)
would definitely feel encouraged.
NCA is concerned that this question might
have been misunderstood and will re-visit
the question through interviews. If lack of
encouragement for women turns out not to
be a good indicator for a positive image for
entrepreneurship, the indicator will be
reviewed.
Pending
review of
baseline
Interviews,
surveys with
right holders
Bi annually Program Officer
Outcome 3 Indicators
Outputs Delivery at output level
Baseline 2015/16 Targets Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reporting
Responsible
3. Prevalent
gender and
social norms are
favourable for
the economic
empowerment of
women, youth
and Batwa
Annex 4.1
Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi
3.2.1 Number of women and
girls who successfully
complete(pass test)literacy
programmes
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
Baseline is 0.
it can be noted that 55% of women
respondents to the 2015 baseline survey
were literate (20% for women batwa) 800 3000 4500 6000 6000
Records from
partners and
interviews with
RHs
Annually Program Officer
3.2.2 Percentage of women
who feel they have equal
control of family decision
making in their household
This indicator will be
measured in the population
in the target areas.
Baseline: 4 % of women feel that there is
equal decision making in the household.
1 % feel that both make decisions, but
mostly women, and 7% feel that both make
decisions, but mostly men.10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 %
3.3.1 Percentage of batwa
children enrolled in
secondary schools
10% (from UNIPROBA survey)
15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 %
Interviews,
surveys with
right holders
Bi annually Program Officer
3.3.2 Number of batwa who
successfully complete(pass
test)literacy programmes
This indicator will be
measured from participants
in NCA and partners'
training programmes.
Baseline is 0.
it can be noted that 27 % of Batwa
respondents to the 2015 baseline survey
(20% of women and 38 % of men were
literate)
Records from
partners and
interviews with
RHs
Annually Program Officer
3.3.3. Percentage of Batwa
who feel confident they can
start and run their own
enterprise (micro or small)
Baseline: 94 % of Batwa (91% of women,
98 % of men) state that they would feel
confident to be able to start and run a
business.
In light of other research, NCA is concerned
that this question might have been
misunderstood and will re-visit the question
through interviews. If lack of confidence for
Batwa turns out not to be a good indicator
for participation, the indicator will be
reviewed.
Interviews,
surveys with
right holders
Bi annually Program Officer
3.2. Women and
girls have
increased their
capacity and skills
(including literacy)
for their
participation in
economic and
political arenas
3.3. Batwa
communities
capacity and skills
(including literacy
and children
schooling) for their
participation in
economic and
political arenas are
improved
Annex 4.1
Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi
3.4.1 % of boys and girls
who can give examples of
times when they have acted
as positive role models in
their communities
Not part of the current baseline survey, will
be added in the qualitative surveys.
Interviews,
surveys with
right holders
Bi annually Program Officer
3.4.2. Percentage of youth
able to use IT technology
(four essential skills).
This indicator will be
measured in the population
in the target areas.
Baseline: 5% of youth (2 % of young
women, 9 % of young men) respondents
master four essential IT skills.
53% of youth (40% of young women, 72%
of young men) master SMS
13% of youth (7% of young women, 23 %
of young men) master Internet use
7% of youth (4 % of young women, 12% of
young men) master the use of e-mail
8% of youth (4 % of young women, 14 %
of young men) master document writing
8 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 %
Annually Program Officer
3.4. Young boys
and girls have
increased their life
and leadership
skills
Main activities: Literacy programmes for women, youth and Batwa in REFLECT circles; organization of women entrepreneurship days in collaboration with private companies (including annual
awards for women entrepreneurs); community debates about women entrepreneurship; media campaigns to stimulate interest in and promote women entrepreneurship (including role models
interviews); media campaign to raise awareness among young boys and girls around alcoholism, HIV and reproductive health; training on fund management for youth, (using REFLECT
approach) promotion of IT technology in Youth Centres (where possible), awareness programmes for men on positive masculinity.
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1.1 Number of minimum
standards applied to essential
infrastructures (global indicator)
This will be measured in each
target community
N/A - this will be measured specifically
in each targeted community
NCA field visits
and records of
participation in
the process of
defining
minimum
standards
4-5 years Program Officer
1.2 Number of essential
infrastructures (access roads;
watershed, water sources; lake,
etc) secured through NCA or
partners' projects in the target
communities
Baseline is 0.
0 16 24 32 48
1.3 % of rights holders who are
confident that essential
infrastructures in their
communities are secure from
heavy rains.
This indicator will be measured
in the population
5 %
10 % 15 % 20 % 30 % 40 %
1.2 Community
surveys, field
visits,
observation
4-5 years Program Officer
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Program goal: To build the communities' resilience to climate change in the provinces of Kirundo and Bujumbura
Outcomes Indicators Baseline 2015/16Targets
OutputsDelivery at output level
Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reportingResponsible
1. Minimum
standards for
mitigating risk of
structural
interventions are
applied
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
1.1. Communities
have conducted
participatory
climate risk
assessments
1.1.1 % of community
members who know the main
risks of climate change
identified in the participatory
assessments
This indicator will be measured
in the population.
Baseline for this will be measured after
the participatory assessments are
done.
It is interesting to note that 94% of
respondents had noted change in at
least one aspect of weather patterns
or consequences over the last decade.
60 % of respondents believe the
change will continue, while 33 % are
not sure.
Changes in rainfall (both the start of
the season and quantity) was the
change most people had noted (91 %
and 90 % respectively), with
temperatures (66%) following. 51 %
had noted a change in flooding, 53 %
in water shortage, and 28 % had
noted a change in the amount of
landslides.
Some differences seen between men
and women, with more men noting a
change in flooding (22% of men vs
20% of women) and increases in
temperature (38% vs 34%)
0 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 60 %
Community
surveys,
interviews
1.2 Communities
have taken
concrete measures
to protect essential
infrastructures
(access roads,
watersheds,
houses, irrigation
systems, water
sources, irrigation
schemes, etc)
1.2.1 % of community
members ( men and women)
involved in the protection of
essential infrastructures
This indicator will be measured
from participants in NCA and
partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
It can be noted that in the general
population, 30% of respondents (25%
of women and 40 % of men) were
involved in protection of
infrastructures.
W: 25%
M: 40%
W: 30%
M: 45%
W: 40%
M: 50%
W: 50%
M: 50%
W: 50%
M:50%
Community
surveys, field
visits,
observation
Every 3 years Program Officer
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Outcome 2 Indicators Baseline 2015/16
Targets Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reporting
Main activities: Participatory climate risks and vulnerability assessments in areas where we work ; raise awareness in the communities on climate risks and mobilize them for protection of
essential infrastructures (media, cultural and sports activities, door-to-door visits by community task forces, community meetings, etc;); mobilize task forces (ref: outcome 2) for the continued
management of protection measures
Responsible
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
2.1. Number of target
communities where community
task forces have taken concrete
steps to prepare for climate
events (global indicator)
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
Out of the few people that identified
an existing task force (or similar
structure) in their community in 2015,
81 % could also give examples of their
work.
50 100 150 200 300
2.1: Ratification
in the
community,
existence of the
plan, records of
participatory
development
process
4-5 years Program Officer
2.2 Number of Communities
that have adopted contingency
plans for natural disasters
(global indicator)
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
It can be noted that only 5 % of the
population was aware of a community
contingency plan (or similar
preparatory plans).
0 100 150 200 300
2.2 Land survey
through
sampling and
field visits
4-5 years Program Officer
2.3 Percentage of men and
women who have taken action
to improve climate resilience
after participating in NCA and
partners' programmes
N/A - will be measured in specific
target communities.
10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 60 %
Community
surveys,
interviews
4-5 years Program Officer
2. Organized civil
society structures
demonstrate action
on climate
resilience
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2.1.1 % of target communities
with community task forces on
climate resilience.
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
It can be noted that 4% of people
know about a "task force" or similar
structure in their community, 90 %
were confident there was no task force
in their community, and 6 % were not
sure.
10 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %
Community
surveys,
interviews,
DPAE records
Annually Program Officer
2.1.2 % of men and women
who mention the community
task forces on climate
resilience as their most
important support structure for
their resilience
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
This will be measure once the
programme has started and when task
forces have been established10 % 25 % 40 % 50 % 60 %
Community
surveys,
interviews with
community
members
2-3 years Program Officer
2.3.1 Number of
recommendations for action
(including Early Warning
Systems) agreed upon by
participants in the National
symposiums
N/A - the baseline is zero as the
symposium has not yet happened
0 5 5 10 10
2.3.2 Number of
recommendations from the
National Symposiums that have
been implemented
N/A - the baseline is zero as the
symposium has not yet happened
0 3 5 7 7
2.4 Communities
have developed
contingency plans
2.4.1 Number of communities
that have developed
contingency plans
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
It can be noted that only 5 % of
respondents were aware of a
community contingency plan (or
similar preparatory plans).
OutputsDelivery at output level
2.1 Gender
balanced
community task
forces on climate
resilience are
operational*
* In Burundi, the
task forces will not
be created from
scratch, rather
existing leadership
structures (from
REFLECT, peace
committees etc.)
will be trained and
given an added
mandate
Main activities: identify and train task forces on climate resilience practices; facilitate a bi-annual national symposium about climate change risks, vulnerability and resilience; raise awareness in
the communities on their responsibility to take action on climate change (community meetings, cultural and sports activities); facilitate the elaboration and/or adoption of a community
contingency plan, mock drills, identification of evacuation roads.
2.3 A National bi-
annual symposium
is organised
between task
forces
representatives,
academics and
government
officials on climate
change risks,
vulnerability, and
resilience
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3.1 Hectares of land where the
new land management plans
are applied.
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
N/A - this will be measured specifically
in each targeted community
Targets
will be set
after
plans are
developed
5.1 Observation
and analysis of
contingency
plans
Every 3 years Program Officer
3.2 % of community members
(men and women) who have
changed the management
practices on their farming land
to correspond with sustainable
land management plans.
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
The indicator will be measured from
participants in NCA and partners'
programmes. As a baseline it can be
noted that where land management
plans exist, 71 % of respondents (70%
of women and 72% of men) have
changed practices on their land as a
result.
Targets
will be set
after
plans are
developed
Surveys
/interview in
the
communities,
records from
DPAE
Every 3 years Program Officer
Targets Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reportingResponsible
3. Sustainable land
management plans
are in use
Outcome 3 Indicators Baseline 2015/16
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3.1 Farmers have
developed a plan
for their own land
3.1.1 Percentage of farmers
who have developed a
sustainable land use plan.
This will be measured from
participants in NCA and
partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
Generally, 61 % of farmers (55 % of
women and 81 % of men) have
developed a plan for their farm. 32%
(28% of women 58% of men)
measured the boundaries of their land.
30 45 65 75 80
3.2.Land
management plans
are developed in
the communities.
3.2.1 % of communities which
have sustainable land
management plans
This indicator will be measured
in communities participating in
NCA and partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0.
It can be noted that 13 % of
respondents (11 % of women and
17% of men) know of a land
management plan for their
community.
20 % 30 % 40 % 60 % 70 %
Interview with
RHs, field
observation
Annually Program Officer
3.3 Information on
sustainable land
management
practices is
available to
communities
3.3.1 percentage of men and
women who have knowledge
about sustainable land
management practices
This will be measured in the
general population
In the baseline survey 63 % of
respondents showed some awareness
of at least three of the suggested
linkages between different land
use/production methods (such as
forestry, collaborative efforts) and
impacts on food production.
The target is broader than this, and
awareness of specific methods will be
measured in target communities.
Surveys
/interview in
the
communities
Annually Program Officer
3.4.1 Number of advocacy
sessions organized with Duty
bearers
This will be measured from
participants in NCA and
partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0
2 4 6 8 10
Participant lists Annually Program Officer
3.4.2. Number of mesaures
taken by duty bearers
This will be measured from
participants in NCA and
partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0
OutputsDelivery at output level
3.4 Duty bearers
(government) have
been challenged
by religious leaders
and civil society on
improving land and
water management
policies and
regulations
Main activities: measure farmers land and assist them to develop personal land management plans, train farmers on land management practices, facilitate coordination meetings in the
communities on common land management plans organise advocacy sessions on improving land and water management policies and regulations, mobilise young farmers for participatory
construction and management of drainage and irrigation schemes.
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
4.1 % of right holders who
apply climate smart agricultural
techniques*
*Examples of such techniques
can be found in the narrative.
This indicator will be measured
in the population.
46 % of farmers apply five or more of
the techniques listed below.
Specifically:
Improved seeds: 64 % (Women: 61%,
men: 68 %))
Flood or drought resistant seeds: 42 %
(Women: 41 %, Men: 43 %)
Irrigation: 39 % (women: 38 %, men:
41 %)
Terracing against soil erosion: 39%
(women: 38 %, men, 42 %)
Crop rotation: 59 % (women: 57%,
men: 61 %)
Mulching to retain water: 26 %
(women: 26 %, men: 27 %)
Uphill and downhill farming: 23 %
(women: 21 %, men: 26 %)
Tree planting: 37 % (women: 33 %,
men: 43 %)
Land fallowing: 36 % (women: 34 %,
men: 40 %)
Agroforestry: 24 % (women: 24 %,
men: 25 %)
Use organic fertilizers: 67 % (women:
69 %, men: 63 %)
Hail storm protection measures: 1 %
50 % 55 % 60 % 65 % 70 % Surveys in the
communities,
field
observation
2-3 years Program Officer
4.2 % of right holders whose
food production has increased
on targeted crops compared to
the year before
This indicator will be measured
from participants in NCA and
partners' programmes.
Baseline is 0. 30 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % Surveys in the
communities,
field
observation
2-3 years Program Officer
4.3 % of male and female
rights holders who can give an
example of an action that
reduced the shock (measured
after a climate event has
happened)
N/A Targets
will be
specific to
communiti
es
Surveys in the
communities,
interview
2-3 years Program Officer
3.4 Level (%) of increase of
national budget allocation to
agriculture
The 2015 budget of the ministry of
agriculture was 184 477 014 918 BUF,
of which 148 986 674 234 were donor
funds for investments.
3 % 5 % 7 % 8 % 10 %
National budget 2-3 years Program Officer
ResponsibleOutcome 4 Indicators Baseline 2015/16Targets Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reporting
4. Food production
is adapted to
changes in climate
(food security)
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3.1.1 % of community
members who state that they
receive timely information on
climate
This indicator will be measured
in the population
M: 27%
W: 16%
M: 35 %
W: 25 %
M: 40 %
W: 35
%
M: 45 %
W: 45
%
M: 50 %
W: 55
%
M: 60 %
W: 65
%
survey among
communities
4.1.2 Percentage of farmers
who base their agriculture
choices on the information
received about climate and
change (like seasonal calendar)
This indicator will be measured
in the population
21% of respondents (17% of women,
and 30% of men) base their
agricultural choices on information
received about climate and climate
change.
M: 35 %
W: 25 %
M: 40 %
W: 35%
M: 45 %
W: 45
%
M: 50 %
W: 55
%
M: 60 %
W: 65
%
Surveys
/interview in
the
communities,
field
observation
4.2. Farmers have
knowledge of
climate smart
agriculture
techniques
(through training,
information by task
forces, radios and
mobile technology)
4.2.1 Number of farmers who
have received training on
reducing the vulnerability of
agriculture to climate change
and variability.
This indicator will be measured from
participants in NCA interventions. But
already in the communities, the
baseline indicate that only 15 % of
respondents (12% of women, 21% of
men) have received training on
reducing the vulnerability of
agriculture. Yet, as seen in indicator
4.1, many more apply techniques.
500 2000 4000 7000 10000
Surveys
/interview in
the
communities
Annually Program Officer
4.3 Farmers have
access to farming
inputs (seeds and
fertilizers) needed
for their production
4.3.1. Number of farmers with
access to farming inputs
matching their needs
Specific baseline on this will be
established in the target communities.
500 2000 4000 7000 10000
Surveys
/interview in
the
communities,
records from
associations
Annually Program Officer
4.4 Farmers have
their own animal
for producing
fertiliser
4.4.1 Number of farmers who
own animals that produce
sufficient manure.
The indicator will be measured from
participants in NCA and partners'
programmes. As a baseline it can be
noted that 44% of farmer respondents
have animals that produce sufficient
manure (similar for women and men)
100 400 700 1000 1500
Surveys
/interview in
the
communities,
records from
associations
Annually Program Officer
4.5 Farmers have
advocated for
increased
investment into
agriculture sector
and climate
resilience
4.5.1 Number of advocacy
initiatives organised by farmers
This indicator will be measured
from participants in NCA and
partners' programmes.
Baseline i 0.
NCA has not previously supported
advocacy campaigns on these topics 2 4 6 8 10
Minutes from
advocacy
sessions
Annually Program Officer
OutputsDelivery at output level
4.1. Farmers
receive climate
related information
from the National
Meteo Institute
(IGEBU)
Annex 4.2
Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi
4.6 Farmers have
improved the
storage and
conservation of the
harvest
4.6. 1. Percentage of farmers
who experience "a lot" or
"some" loss of their harvest
baseline is : 41 %
20% of farmers (19% of women, 22 %
of men) lose "a lot" of their harvest
every year, 21 % (20% of women, 23
% of men) lose "some" of their
harvest
35 % 25 % 20 % 15 % 10 %
4.7 Arable land has
been increased
though
participatory
drainage and
irrigations schemes
4.7.1.Percentage of farmers
that practice irrigation.
39 % of respondents (38% of women,
41 % of men, practice irrigation)
M: 50 %
W: 45%
M: 55 %
W: 50%
M: 60 %
W: 55
M: 65 %
W: 65%
M: 70 %
W: 70%
4.7.2 Number of new hectares
exploited for agriculture
N/A - this will be measured specifically
in each targeted community
Main activities: Research on climate risks in areas where we work (including current resilience capacity of the communities) in the areas where we work; training of task forces on climate
resilience techniques and strategies by specialized institutions; capacity building/support for the national Meteo Institute on improving quality and timeliness of climate related information;
capacity building and logistical/rehabilitation support to existing local seeds centres (linked to the ministry of Agriculture); pilot demos of agronomic & livestock adaptation measures using media
to communicate on methods and strategies to improve climate resilience capacities; spreading small scale irrigation technics among farmers using door-to-dor visits by community task forces;
agricultural calendars adapted to changing climates
Annex 4.3
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene results framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1. Rights holders
demonstrate
ownership for
community WASH
services
1.1 Percentage of committees that
manage WASH services in a
satisfactory way 10 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 80 %
1.1 Cross matching of
planned committees vs.
created committees.
Spot check using focus
group. Interview with
key informants.
Bi annually Program
Manager
1.2 Percentage of women, men,
girls and boys expressing
satisfaction with their level of
participation in decision making for
these processes
5 % 30 % 50 % 70 % 80 % 80 %
1.2 Service users
satisfaction surveys or
focus group discussion
(of a selected sample if
the size of the program
requires)
Bi annually Program
Manager
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1.1. 1 Number of women and men
trained on maintenance and repair6 20 30 30 50 50
Interviews, surveys with
right holders and
Communal Water
committee records
annually Program
Officer
1.1.2 Percentage of water
committees with water fees
collection system in place5 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 80 %
Interviews, surveys with
community members;
financial log; saving
account.
annually Program
Officer
1.2.1 Percentage of communities
with participatory action plans for
WASH services 0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 80 %
minutes from meetings,
written action plan;
Water committees
records, Communal
Water committee records
annually Program
Officer
1.2.2 Number of self initiated WASH
projects by communities
0 0 3 4 5 6
Organisational meetings
minutes, interviews with
key informants, spot
checks
annually Program
Officer
Program goal: to increase the level of access to adequate and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene services and practices for improved health in
communities of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural
OutputsDelivery at output level
Responsible
1.1 Water or
Hygiene
committees/clubs
have increased
their skills on
maintenance and
management.
1.2. Communities
have developed
and implemented
participatory
action plans for
WASH services
Outcome 1 Indicators Baseline
2015/16
Targets Sources of verification Frequency
of reporting
Annex 4.3
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene results framework, Burundi
1.3 the
community
contributes to the
capital cost of the
infrastructure in
cash, material or
labour
1.3.1 % of infrastructure
constructed where community
provides at least 15% of the capital
cost 0 10 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %
Written agreement
between communities
and NCA/partners; stock
cards / materials record
books; spot checks
annually Program
Officer
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2.1 Number of occasions where
representatives of rights holders
present to the governmental
authorities their priorities on WASH
issues 0 1 1 1 1 1
Sample with relevant
data collection tool like
key informant interview
and group discussion.
Copies of documents
presented to the
authorities; minutes
from the meetings; press
release.
Annually Program
Manager
2.2 Number of participatory WASH
plans in place (at colline level) 0 1 1 2 3 4Interviews with key
informants; copy of the
plans
annually Program
Manager
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2.1 Duty bearers
have increased
their knowledge
on WASH planning
and management
2.1.1 Number of duty bearers
trained on WASH planning and
management0 30 30 60 60 60
Participants lists;
training topic list;
material used during the
training; trainers report
Annually Program
Officer
2.2 Community
members have
increased their
knowledge on
their rights on
WASH services
2.2.1 Number of awareness raising
campaigns done in the target
communities0 1 1 1 1 1
Minutes filed in WASH
committees
Annually Program
Officer
2.3 RH can access
DB to express
needs and
suggestions
2.3.1 nr of community action plans
acknowledged by DB0 1 1 2 3 4
official plan reception
note, interviews with key
informant
Annually Program
Officer
Delivery at output levelOutputs
Indicators Baseline
2015/16
Targets Sources of verification Frequency
of reporting
Responsible
2. Duty bearers
have included
men and women’s
recommendations
on WASH services
in their work plans
Outcome 2
Main activities: Support to communities in defining their WASH needs, in developing and implementing their action plan, Trainings and support (including on the job training)
for WASH committees
Annex 4.3
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene results framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3.1 Percentage increase of girls,
boys, women and men washing
their hands with detergents at
critical times
61 % 2 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 %
3.1 Spot checks of
proxy indicator of a
sample
Annually Program
Manager
3.2 Percentage decrease of
diarrhoea episodes of children under
60 months (counted over the 2
previous weeks) 46 % 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 %
3.2 Health Centre
statistics, focus groups
with mothers/caretakers
Annually Program
Manager
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3.1 Men and
women discuss
good hygiene
practices in
Reflect circles
3.1.1 % of villages that maintain
the status of open defecation free
12, 24, 36 and 48 months after
certification0 >70 % >70 % >70 % >70 % >70 %
Spot checks of proxy
indicator (signs of open
defecation); village
statistics on latrines use
Annually Program
Officer
3.1.2 number of new latrines in use
0 420 600 600 1080 1080
Sanitation committee
reports, spot checks,
interviews with key
informant
Annually Program
Officer
3.2 Men and
women drink safe
water
3.2.1 Percentage of community
members applying water safe
storage methods 25 % 30 % 50 % 70 % 80 % 80 %
Spot checks of proxy
indicator of a sample;
focus groups; interview
with key informants
Annually Program
Officer
3.2.2 Amount of water (in l)
available per person per day 5 20 20 20 20 20
Yield of the sources and
list of registered users
Annually Program
Officer
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Frequency
of reporting
Responsible
ResponsibleFrequency
of reporting
Outcome 4 Indicators Baseline
2015/16
Outcome 3 Indicators Baseline
2015/16
Targets Sources of verification
Targets Sources of verification
Main activities: Training duty bearers on participatory and inclusive planning on WASH services, Organising awareness campaigns for community members on their rights to
WASH services, facilitating advocacy sessions for access to WASH services, Support in connecting RH and DB to share WASH needs and find applicable solutions
3. Men and
women practice
hygiene measures
that protect
themselves
against key public
health risks
Delivery at output level
Main activities: Support to REFLECT circles to discuss WASH issues, Hygiene and sanitation campaign, including providing technical advice for constructing infrastructures with
local materials, Safe water chain campaigns (including water analysis test)
Outputs
Annex 4.3
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene results framework, Burundi
4. Men and
women access
inclusive,
adequate and
sustainable WASH
services in public
institutions
4.1 % of water supply and
sanitation facilities adapted to
people living with disabilities
0 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Technical specification in
building agreements,
spot checks
annually Program
Manager
4.2 Number of men and women who
have gained access to institutional
water supply and/or sanitation
facilities
0 21000 21000 42000 42000 21000
Official population
figures for catchment
area (available when
exact work locations are
defined)
annually Program
Manager
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
4.1 Pupils go to
school in an
healthy
environment
4.1.1 % of schools where the ratio
pupil vs latrine < 30 (girls), < 60
(boys) at the targeted schools 5 % 10 % 30 % 50 % 80 % 100 %
School enrolment and
sanitation data, focus
groups and direct
observation
Annually Program
Officer
4.2 Rights holders
access to
adequate water in
public institutions
4.2.1 Number of men and women
who have gained access to
institutional water supply facilities 0 21000 21000 42000 42000 21000
Official population
figures for catchment
area (available when
exact work locations are
defined)
annually Program
Officer
OutputsDelivery at output level
Main activities: Construction of inclusive and gender friendly WASH infrastructure in schools and health centres, Training on operation and maintenance of WASH
infrastructure, Training of health clubs in schools and support to their function as change agents in their families
Annex 4.4
Gender-Based Violence Results Framework, Burundi
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Number of GBV survivors
assisted by Transit centres1800 2400 3000
registry of
transit centresquarterly
Program
Manager
% of men and women who are
satisfied community prevention
and response mechanisms
20 % 40 % 60 %survey in
communitiesannually
Program
Manager
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
GBV survivors have
received medical
assistance
Number of GBV survivors
receiving medical assistance 700 1000 1400registry of
transit centresquarterly
Program
Manager
GBV survivors have
received legal
assistance
Number of GBV survivors
receiving legal assistance600 900 1200
registry of
transit centresquarterly
Program
Manager
GBV survivors have
received
psychosocial
assistance
(including
temporary shelter)
Number of GBV survivors
receiving psychosocial
assistance900 1500 2000
registry of
transit centresquarterly
Program
Manager
GBV survivors have
received vocational
training for
economic
reintegration
Number of GBV survivors
obtaining training certificates
on vocational training
220 350 450 participants lists annuallyProgram
Manager
Communities have
put in place GBV
committees
Number of villages with GBV
committees200 500 800 lists of members annually
Program
Manager
Duty bearers have
improved their
database and
information
systems on GBV in
all communes of
Kirundo and
Bujumbura rural
Number of communes with
regularly updated monthly
information on GBV
0 6 10 observation annuallyProgram
Manager
Delivery at output levelOutputs
Main activities: temporary accommodation for GBV survivors in transit centres; Providing legal accompaniment to GBV survivors; training survivors on practical skills for economic
activities; Workshops with local authorities (police, administration, justice) on GBV reduction strategy; community strategy development to build their capacity to prevent and
respond to GBV
Outcome 1 IndicatorsBaseline
2015/16
Targets Sources of
verification
Frequency of
reportingResponsible
BGV survivors
have access to
quality assistance
49 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 5: Funding strategy and targets
Below are donors with whom NCA plans on cultivating a relationship and soliciting for
new or renewed funding. This is based on the donor's interest in the intervention area,
both geographically and thematically. Some of these donors have higher and stricter
compliance standards compared grants that NCA Burundi has managed in the past. NCA
Burundi is seeking a more diverse funding base but may need additional human re-
sources for grants that have stricter compliance standards.
Donor Relevance for NCA
Multilate
ral donors
and
Multid
onor
Tru
st
Funds
UNICEF NCA Burundi receives funds from UNICEF for its WASH program. It
will begin to receive funds from UNICEF for its economic empower-
ment program. NCA Burundi seeks to deepen its relationship with
UNICEF in Burundi and increase the size and length of future grants.
United Nations
Peacebuilding
Fund
The Peacebuilding Fund is the Secretary General’s Fund – launched in
2006 to support activities, actions, programmes and organisations
that seek to build a lasting peace in countries emerging from conflict.
Burundi has been the largest recipient of the UNPF. The money is
administered through UN agencies locally.
Bilate
ral donors
Netherlands As a priority country, the Dutch Cooperation has outlined its Burundi
strategy in a Multi-Annual Strategic Plan 2014-2017 and will continue
to support Burundi in three complementary thematic areas: 1) securi-
ty and justice 2) food security 3) sexual and reproductive health
rights. Gender and youth issues will be addressed in all areas. The
outlay for Burundi for the 2011-2015 strategic period was € 93.8 mil-
lion.
Belgium As of 2010, Belgium is focusing its efforts in Burundi in three sectors:
healthcare, education and agriculture. Cross-cutting themes are gen-
der equality, sustainable development and the environment, respect
for children's rights and good governance.
EuropeAid NCA will continue to pursue funding opportunities via the European
Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights and other funding chan-
nels for non-state actors.
United States USAID has disbursed $34 million in funding in 2014, a third of which
was for global health and another third of which was for emergency
relief (food aid). Priority areas include Agriculture and Food Security;
Democracy, Human Rights and Governance; Economic Growth and
Trade; Global Health. USAID also funds disaster risk reduction and
emergency relief projects via its Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance
(OFDA).
Germany Due to the events in summer 2015, the German Federal Ministry for
Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) has suspended coop-
eration with the Burundian Government and the Burundian police
force. All activities that directly serve the population will continue.
Germany's priority area of cooperation with Burundi is drinking water
supply and sanitation. Germany is the largest donor in this sector and
is chairing the donor forum.
Private
Secto
r
The Coca Cola
Africa Founda-
tion
TCCAF recently expanded is Replenish Africa Initiative (RAIN) pledging
an additional US$35 million to support Pan-African safe water access
and sanitation programs.
50 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Swiss Re Foun-
dation
The Swiss Re Foundation addresses social and humanitarian problems
worldwide and builds local capacity to face them. They fund projects
in the areas of natural disasters, climate change, water, and popula-
tion growth.
1) Funding Investments:
a. SWOT analysis
Strengths 1. Rootedness in local communities
2. Close cooperation with civil society actors
3. Programmatic interventions in line with
needs of the population and donor priorities
4. Faith based organizations' importance and
connectedness in Burundian communities
Weaknesses 1. Capacity (time) for staff to write grants and
deliver complex applications
2. Partner organizations have limited/weak
management and administrative capacities
3. NCA overshadowed by larger actors in
Burundi
4. More traditional approach lacking
innovation in certain program areas
Opportunities 1. Positive relationship and close alignment
with other ACT Agencies, which means po-
tential for forming consortia
2. Competition for funds will propel NCA Bu-
rundi to "raise the bar" in terms of program
innovation, implementation and manage-
ment
Threats 1. Dependence of NCA on few donors
2. Dependence of partners on NCA
3. Sister agencies often fund the same
partners as NCA and compete for the
same funds
4. Stronger competition than ever for funds
5. Political and social instability and renewed
violence may stifle donor interest
b. Recommended investments
Area Investment needed Donor engagement and rela-
tionship management
Communications and marketing materials are developed
with a clear articulation of NCA's added value in Burundi
Grant management and report-
ing
Increased/dedicated support from head office to support
the submission of complex applications
Staff capacity building in areas including grants
management and reporting, particularly for donors with
strict and complex compliance standards
Program innovation Investments in program innovation so NCA Burundi's
programs are more competitive
Partner capacities
Application of the partner assessment tool
Provision of a finite amount of capacity building for
partners
51 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Budget Forecast
52 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 6: Planned evaluations
53 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 7: Risk analysis and management
54 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
55 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Annex 8: Baseline process
“Climate resilience" and "Economic empowerment" programs
As of September 2015, NCA Burundi is currently in the process of finalizing a five-year strate-
gy for the period 2016-2020. In this framework, NCA Burundi decided to conduct a baseline
study, for the "climate resilience" and "economic empowerment" programs amongst the tar-
get groups in Kirundo Province and in Bujumbura Rural. The baseline study was conducted as
an internal exercise, with the assistance of partner organizations, in August-September 2015.
The baseline study had three specific objectives, namely:
1. To establish a foundation from which to measure change i.e. obtain a status report of
the current situation on the ground, to be used in the measurement of change against
specific targets.
2. To make concrete recommendations on how to refine the existing program results
framework, including outputs indicators and target values.
3. To provide accurate context specific, background information for the three programs.
To conduct the baseline study, three main phases were followed: preparatory phase, data
collection and data analysis. This will be followed by a more in-depth qualitative data collec-
tion and report. The first phase involved a detailed desk review of relevant program docu-
ments including the four year report, the NCA youth study, UNIPROBA survey on Batwa living
conditions, commune and national development plans, etc. In collaboration with an advisor
from NCA head office, questionnaires, data coding and a data entry template were designed
using the Magpi software. These were piloted and tested by NCA staff for the Economic Em-
powerment and Climate Resilience programs. WASH program got the support of a WASH con-
sultant from Norway.
Sampling and data collection:
Before the data collection, a short training was organized for the 16 enumerators composed
by NCA staff and partners. Using questionnaires installed in tablets, the data collection was
done during four days in August 2015. Five communes in two provinces were targeted, (three
in Bujumbura and two in Kirundo, considering that, all those communes have basic similari-
ties), and nine collines in which NCA had not previously worked, and nine collines in which
NCA currently works, were randomly selected (names drawn out of a bowl). For households,
we randomly jumped two or three households in all directions (North,South,West and East)
depending upon the households setting of the colline.
218 people were surveyed in Bujumbura, and 225 people in Kirundo, which gives a margin of
error of 7 %. The survey will be complemented with qualitative data from interviews and fo-
cus groups, to be conducted in intervention communities in the period October-December
2015.
The data was analyzed using excel, with the indicators as guiding questions. In the period
October-December 2015, the data will be explored in more detail, with a view to guide project
proposals and qualitative data collection.
56 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020
Secondary data were collected from recent assessments ordered by NCA on batwa 15 and
youth16, national publications as well as information from provincial and communal technical
institutions in relation to the three selected programs.
Two (minor) challenges are worth mentioning:
a) Some interviewees found some questions embarrassing to answer given their actual rela-
tively bad social situation (e g asking about income and harvest conservation techniques to
someone who hardly get something to eat).
b) Some interviewees (mainly from the adult batwa) were mostly explaining their social prob-
lems rather than answering questions, which took more time.
The following lessons were learnt:
Willingness and motivation of the leaders and community members to participate depend up-
on the value and interest they give to the activity. As an instance, as food insecurity and cli-
mate change are great concerns in all the communities, all local leaders were very eager to
mobilize interviewees and the latter were impatient to answer.
Prior and clear communication of the purpose of the interview helps reduce some answers
that can be otherwise biased mainly if the respondent expects some aid.
It was noticed that using tablets while dealing with a questionnaire is quicker and easier than
using a questionnaire on the paper.
One possible limitation is the understanding of some questions by the interviewees, and an-
swers that encompass a larger variation in practice than foreseen. As an example, whereas a
good number of respondents said that they do irrigation, the type of irrigation the majority
meant is just “watering” (using watering cans). Qualitative data will be collected to look into
these limitations.
WASH programme
The baseline data for WASH was mostly derived from the study « Possibilities of improvement
of WASH conditions in the province of Kirundo” that was conducted in December 2014.
It had as its main objectives:
1. To carry out a social (WASH in the community and institutions) and technical (identifi-
cation of water sources) study to identify the quantitative needs in terms of potable
water, hygiene and sanitation.
2. To suggest solutions to undertake in order to meet the identified needs.
With the support of a WASH consultant from Norway, 16 enumerators (from Burundian Agen-
cy for Rural Water and WASH NCA staff) collected data in three (out of seven communes of
Kirundo province) that are mostly affected by drought.
To get social data, during 12 days, FGDs were organized in 40 randomly selected collines in
which 125 people (69 women and 56 men) took part. Besides, direct interviews were con-
ducted to the 90 primary schools headmasters operating in the 3 selected communes using a
questionnaire.
As for technical aspects of the installations, a questionnaire was used to collect data from the
3 communal water offices.
15 Résultats de l’Etude sur la situation sociale, économique et politique de la population Batwa, 2014, 16 Feasibility Study for Working with Youth Platforms in Burundi, 2014