NOTE ON THE TEXT OF THE MANUSCRIPT

The state of the manuscript, the curiously tattered nature of the corners of many of its pages, the corrections and re-corrections in the script, some made immediately, or almost immediately, some after a period of time, have been described, as has the way in which de Vallone's thought seems to have developed as he wrote. As one might expect, Chapter IV, on the Scriptures, is the least corrected. The wide use made of Spinoza and Richard Simon was undoubtedly responsible for this. But there are so many corrections, particularly in the rest of the manuscript, and so many additional passages written in, over the lines of the original text, that it would be impossible here to refer to more than a few of the most significant. However, I do think that it is necessary to make some reference to these.

In general, as will have been noted, de Vallone became more radical - and also more outspoken - as he wrote. There are early indications of this tendency.

In the "Avertissement" (f. 3) he originally declared that it was the great number of disputing religious sects that was the cause of his undertaking his labours. He added that, in the heat of argument, one breaks through the crust of mysteries and discovers beneath nothing but "une amas de suppositions". All this was erased and changed to the milder explanation that it was the pleasure of thinking freely that caused him to write. How far this was the result of prudence, one can only conjecture. Certainly he was rapidly to lose this prudence, if such it was.

On f. 9 he refers to the work of making the Universe taking at least about 4000 years. This he erased. This could represent the abandonment of a naive, but traditional, view of cosmic chronology.

Again, on the previous folio, he originally referred to the Supreme and invariable Laws of Nature. For the two adjectives was substituted the single word "fecondes". However, a little earlier, he had referred to these laws as "constant" (which is not quite as strong as "invariable") and later they were to be regarded as both invariable and determined.

As has been seen, one problem that constantly exercised his mind was that of the eternity of souls. This preoccupation is strongly indicated in the text.

This is to be seen in Chapter II. Originally the section dealing with the duration of souls ended at f. 82 r. This part dealt with the opinions of the "ancients" and early Christians, and showed de Vallone's dislike of the idea of hell. Then came the title of Section IV, that concerning the union of body and soul. How­ever, this was erased, and Section III was continued, with the addition of argu­ments for the immortality of souls including the passage, already dealt with at

NOTE ON THE TEXT OF THE MANUSCRIPT

The state of the manuscript, the curiously tattered nature of the corners of many of its pages, the corrections and re-corrections in the script, some made immediately, or almost immediately, some after a period of time, have been described, as has the way in which de Vallone's thought seems to have developed as he wrote. As one might expect, Chapter IV, on the Scriptures, is the least corrected. The wide use made of Spinoza and Richard Simon was undoubtedly responsible for this. But there are so many corrections, particularly in the rest of the manuscript, and so many additional passages written in, over the lines of the original text, that it would be impossible here to refer to more than a few of the most significant. However, I do think that it is necessary to make some reference to these.

In general, as will have been noted, de Vallone became more radical - and also more outspoken - as he wrote. There are early indications of this tendency.

In the "Avertissement" (f. 3) he originally declared that it was the great number of disputing religious sects that was the cause of his undertaking his labours. He added that, in the heat of argument, one breaks through the crust of mysteries and discovers beneath nothing but "une amas de suppositions". All this was erased and changed to the milder explanation that it was the pleasure of thinking freely that caused him to write. How far this was the result of prudence, one can only conjecture. Certainly he was rapidly to lose this prudence, if such it was.

On f. 9 he refers to the work of making the Universe taking at least about 4000 years. This he erased. This could represent the abandonment of a naive, but traditional, view of cosmic chronology.

Again, on the previous folio, he originally referred to the Supreme and invariable Laws of Nature. For the two adjectives was substituted the single word "fecondes". However, a little earlier, he had referred to these laws as "constant" (which is not quite as strong as "invariable") and later they were to be regarded as both invariable and determined.

As has been seen, one problem that constantly exercised his mind was that of the eternity of souls. This preoccupation is strongly indicated in the text.

This is to be seen in Chapter II. Originally the section dealing with the duration of souls ended at f. 82 r. This part dealt with the opinions of the "ancients" and early Christians, and showed de Vallone's dislike of the idea of hell. Then came the title of Section IV, that concerning the union of body and soul. How­ever, this was erased, and Section III was continued, with the addition of argu­ments for the immortality of souls including the passage, already dealt with at

230

some length, in which de Vallone finally came down decisively in favour of their having existed from all eternity. The nature of the changes he made in this passage have been discussed. Moreover he was now favouring the idea of the transmigration of souls.

Again, on f. 89 v., there appears the title of Section III, and again it is erased, in favour of the quotation, or misquotation, from George Bull. Then a third time there appeared - on f. 90 r - the new title, which was crossed out and, on this occasion, the first words of the next sentence were inserted above the erased title and continued below it. At last had come the final and very important passage; that dealing with Spinoza. Section IV, on the union of body and soul followed, in due course beginning on f. 94 r.

However, de Vallone had not ended his consideration of the future life. There followed a little confusion. The next section was incorrectly numbered IV, and the title - ultimately that of Section VI - which asked whether there are spirits of different species, was written in, and in its turn erased (f. 98 r). Only the inaccurate number remained, above the new heading, which introduced the question as to whether there was any constant tradition about life after death. The solution, as has been seen, was one in favour of metempsychosis. These three sections illustrate the way in which de Vallone was hacking out his theory as he wrote. They may also indicate a certain obsession, and quite possibly uneasiness, about the future life.

There are other such examples of changes of plan in the writing of the treatise. It is possible that the substitution of "bon sens" for "conscience", on f. 167 v, in the title of Section III, in the chapter on Authority, may only indicate the correction of an error; but in Chapter V, that dealing with Christ and Christianity, there is a more significant alteration. The first version of the title of Section I was "Comment s'est formee la Religion Chretienne?". This was crossed out and, instead, Section I dealt with the person, doctrine and aims of Christ. Whatever this change represents, it certainly shows that de Vallone had decided to give greater prominence to his very favourable treatment of Christ.

The addition of new passages written in above the original lines of the text, has been mentioned. Two are worthy of particular notice. One is the story, taken from Grotius, that has already been noted (on f. 236 v). The other is a curious little narrative (f. 205 v), taken from Origen's commentary on St. John, in which Origen refers to the apocryphal Gospel of the Hebrews. (For this cf. Origen Comm. in Joh., 2:87 (XII, 6); also Cecile Blum, Origene, Commentaire sur St Jean, Tome I; (Sources Chretiennes, 120) Les Editions du Cerf (Paris, 1966), pp. 262, 263; also M.R. James, The Apocryphal New Testament, p. 2. note on Origen; and, for the story from Grotius, p. 11, note on Clement of Alexandria Stromata, III, 13, 92.) Both clearly represent later additions to the script, and that from Grotius has been given as an indication that de Vallone did read more widely than his use of Spinoza and Richard Simon would seem to imply. His other usages of Origen have been referred to. This Father does seem to have had an influence on his line of thought.

230

some length, in which de Vallone finally came down decisively in favour of their having existed from all eternity. The nature of the changes he made in this passage have been discussed. Moreover he was now favouring the idea of the transmigration of souls.

Again, on f. 89 v., there appears the title of Section III, and again it is erased, in favour of the quotation, or misquotation, from George Bull. Then a third time there appeared - on f. 90 r - the new title, which was crossed out and, on this occasion, the first words of the next sentence were inserted above the erased title and continued below it. At last had come the final and very important passage; that dealing with Spinoza. Section IV, on the union of body and soul followed, in due course beginning on f. 94 r.

However, de Vallone had not ended his consideration of the future life. There followed a little confusion. The next section was incorrectly numbered IV, and the title - ultimately that of Section VI - which asked whether there are spirits of different species, was written in, and in its turn erased (f. 98 r). Only the inaccurate number remained, above the new heading, which introduced the question as to whether there was any constant tradition about life after death. The solution, as has been seen, was one in favour of metempsychosis. These three sections illustrate the way in which de Vallone was hacking out his theory as he wrote. They may also indicate a certain obsession, and quite possibly uneasiness, about the future life.

There are other such examples of changes of plan in the writing of the treatise. It is possible that the substitution of "bon sens" for "conscience", on f. 167 v, in the title of Section III, in the chapter on Authority, may only indicate the correction of an error; but in Chapter V, that dealing with Christ and Christianity, there is a more significant alteration. The first version of the title of Section I was "Comment s'est formee la Religion Chretienne?". This was crossed out and, instead, Section I dealt with the person, doctrine and aims of Christ. Whatever this change represents, it certainly shows that de Vallone had decided to give greater prominence to his very favourable treatment of Christ.

The addition of new passages written in above the original lines of the text, has been mentioned. Two are worthy of particular notice. One is the story, taken from Grotius, that has already been noted (on f. 236 v). The other is a curious little narrative (f. 205 v), taken from Origen's commentary on St. John, in which Origen refers to the apocryphal Gospel of the Hebrews. (For this cf. Origen Comm. in Joh., 2:87 (XII, 6); also Cecile Blum, Origene, Commentaire sur St Jean, Tome I; (Sources Chretiennes, 120) Les Editions du Cerf (Paris, 1966), pp. 262, 263; also M.R. James, The Apocryphal New Testament, p. 2. note on Origen; and, for the story from Grotius, p. 11, note on Clement of Alexandria Stromata, III, 13, 92.) Both clearly represent later additions to the script, and that from Grotius has been given as an indication that de Vallone did read more widely than his use of Spinoza and Richard Simon would seem to imply. His other usages of Origen have been referred to. This Father does seem to have had an influence on his line of thought.

231

With regard to what one might describe as the material elements of the manuscript, the ink varies in colour, but, towards the end, many of the corrections are in a very black ink, which differs from that of the text which here is, or has become, very brown. Most of these alterations are not very noteworthy, but there is one exception. In the section on the Sybils, on the last page (f. 278 v) there are thirteen lines added in black ink and in a smaller handwriting, but still that of de Vallone, as are all the other corrections. Without the addition the section was stylistically complete. With it, and the addition to, and consequent extension of, the chapter, it is unfmished, though unlike the treatise itself, it does not end in the middle of a sentence. As the additions, or corrections, in black ink continue till almost the end of the manuscript, and as there are other corrections, in browner ink, on the same pages, these alterations would seem to be the result of a very late revision of the work.

One might add a rather curious point. On f. 44 v a sentence is completed half way down the page and the rest of the page left blank, and this for no obvious reason, as the text continues uninterrupted on f. 45 r - though admittedly Epicurus is being dealt with on f. 44 v and Empedocles on f. 45 r, and f. 44 v is very much corrected. The text, as a whole, has all the signs of being a first, perhaps provisional, and certainly very corrected version.

The paper used seems to be pretty uniform, but there certainly are exceptions. Unlike the paper of the bulk of the text, that of ff. 3-6 has a watermark - two lions facing one another. Owing to the condition of the manuscript, I was not able to take the necessary means for identification. Again, there are four leaves (ff. 60--63) which have been bound together and interpolated into the treatise. The writing is that of de Vallone but the paper used is whiter than the rest. The interpolation seems to show some confusion on the part of de Vallone. To make sense, the text has to be read in this order: f. 59 v, f. 64 r and then ff. 60--63. What is even more peculiar is that the recto of f. 64 ends in the middle of a sentence, which is continued on f .. 60 r, while f.. 64 verso begins a new chapter. The reason for this one can only conjecture.

The difference in the size of the leaves could be explained by the fact that some of the edges have been trimmed, while others have been left rough, or b€::cause the trimming has been done unevenly.

One interesting fact is that there are two sorts of pagination. The first - that used in this book - is that of the present bound volume of the manuscript, which gives a separate number of each folio.

The second is more curious. On f. 1 r there is a rather indistinct number one, erased. On f. 19 - oddly, on the verso - there is an erased number two. From this folio onwards this second sort of (erased) numeration occurs in intervals of 12,8,6 or 4 folios. F. 25 r, for example, also bears the number 3, erased. The key section is that of ff. 1-18. F. 1 is the same sheet of paper as f. 18. Ff. 2-7 represent an interpolation, or rather a double interpolation. Ff. 2 and 7, contain­ing the fair - and later - copy of the Avertissement - are one sheet of paper. Ff. 3 and 6 are another sheet of paper, and ff. 4 and 5, a third. Ff. 3 and 4 con-

231

With regard to what one might describe as the material elements of the manuscript, the ink varies in colour, but, towards the end, many of the corrections are in a very black ink, which differs from that of the text which here is, or has become, very brown. Most of these alterations are not very noteworthy, but there is one exception. In the section on the Sybils, on the last page (f. 278 v) there are thirteen lines added in black ink and in a smaller handwriting, but still that of de Vallone, as are all the other corrections. Without the addition the section was stylistically complete. With it, and the addition to, and consequent extension of, the chapter, it is unfmished, though unlike the treatise itself, it does not end in the middle of a sentence. As the additions, or corrections, in black ink continue till almost the end of the manuscript, and as there are other corrections, in browner ink, on the same pages, these alterations would seem to be the result of a very late revision of the work.

One might add a rather curious point. On f. 44 v a sentence is completed half way down the page and the rest of the page left blank, and this for no obvious reason, as the text continues uninterrupted on f. 45 r - though admittedly Epicurus is being dealt with on f. 44 v and Empedocles on f. 45 r, and f. 44 v is very much corrected. The text, as a whole, has all the signs of being a first, perhaps provisional, and certainly very corrected version.

The paper used seems to be pretty uniform, but there certainly are exceptions. Unlike the paper of the bulk of the text, that of ff. 3-6 has a watermark - two lions facing one another. Owing to the condition of the manuscript, I was not able to take the necessary means for identification. Again, there are four leaves (ff. 60--63) which have been bound together and interpolated into the treatise. The writing is that of de Vallone but the paper used is whiter than the rest. The interpolation seems to show some confusion on the part of de Vallone. To make sense, the text has to be read in this order: f. 59 v, f. 64 r and then ff. 60--63. What is even more peculiar is that the recto of f. 64 ends in the middle of a sentence, which is continued on f .. 60 r, while f.. 64 verso begins a new chapter. The reason for this one can only conjecture.

The difference in the size of the leaves could be explained by the fact that some of the edges have been trimmed, while others have been left rough, or b€::cause the trimming has been done unevenly.

One interesting fact is that there are two sorts of pagination. The first - that used in this book - is that of the present bound volume of the manuscript, which gives a separate number of each folio.

The second is more curious. On f. 1 r there is a rather indistinct number one, erased. On f. 19 - oddly, on the verso - there is an erased number two. From this folio onwards this second sort of (erased) numeration occurs in intervals of 12,8,6 or 4 folios. F. 25 r, for example, also bears the number 3, erased. The key section is that of ff. 1-18. F. 1 is the same sheet of paper as f. 18. Ff. 2-7 represent an interpolation, or rather a double interpolation. Ff. 2 and 7, contain­ing the fair - and later - copy of the Avertissement - are one sheet of paper. Ff. 3 and 6 are another sheet of paper, and ff. 4 and 5, a third. Ff. 3 and 4 con-

232

tain de Vallone's much corrected Avertissement, and f. 5 with its sentence and a half, and f.6, the blank folio, have already been described (p. 67). F. 8 is the same sheet of paper as f. 17. F. 1 and ff. 8-18 make a single group of 12 folios, self contained, of the same sort of paper, and representing the first eighteen folios of the treatise.

The conclusion would seem to be that the manuscript as a whole was originally divided into groups of leaves, 12, 8, 6 or 4 in number (each group being always of the same sort of paper), and that in Eugene's version these were bound together in the existing volume. Certainly in every case the first leaf in every group is the same sheet of paper as the last, the second the same sheet as the

penultimate, and so on, and there are two interpolations, ff. 2-7 and ff. 60-63. De Vallone, therefore, would seem to have left his manuscript in orderly groups of 12, 8, 6 or 4 folios. He probably inserted the interpolation ff. 6~63 himself and, it would seem very likely, left his Avertissement (with its watermark) separate. As ff. 2 and 7 (the later Avertissement which encloses de Vallone's Avertissement) are bound within the group of folios which starts with f. 1 and ends with f. 18, it would seem that this interpolation was not made by de Vallone, but by Eugene. Who bound the present volume as a whole one can only con­jecture. Possibly de Vallone left his manuscript as loose groups of folios and it was bound later by Prince Eugene's librarians. But the whole picture is that of an unfinished work. It is none the less interesting for that very definite impression­the work of a man who was near to death, and of a man who had bought his paper from a printer in large sheets of varying sizes, which had been folded and cut to a roughly uniform size either by the printer or by the author himself, large sheets which had been numbered according to the second pagination. The present folio enumeration certainly does not come from de Vallone. He would hardly have placed his Avertissement after the first page of his treatise, and he certainly could not have numbered the later folios containing the fair copy of that Avertissement which is contained in the volume belonging to Prince Eugene.

In sum, one can say that the script as it is now bound is disorganised but very interesting. It reveals a great deal about de Vallone. A much more detailed examination would, no doubt, reveal a great deal more. Rarely has one had the opportunity of scrutinising the mental processes of such a devious man while he was at work. But this detailed examination would require another book.

232

tain de Vallone's much corrected Avertissement, and f. 5 with its sentence and a half, and f.6, the blank folio, have already been described (p. 67). F. 8 is the same sheet of paper as f. 17. F. 1 and ff. 8-18 make a single group of 12 folios, self contained, of the same sort of paper, and representing the first eighteen folios of the treatise.

The conclusion would seem to be that the manuscript as a whole was originally divided into groups of leaves, 12, 8, 6 or 4 in number (each group being always of the same sort of paper), and that in Eugene's version these were bound together in the existing volume. Certainly in every case the first leaf in every group is the same sheet of paper as the last, the second the same sheet as the

penultimate, and so on, and there are two interpolations, ff. 2-7 and ff. 60-63. De Vallone, therefore, would seem to have left his manuscript in orderly groups of 12, 8, 6 or 4 folios. He probably inserted the interpolation ff. 6~63 himself and, it would seem very likely, left his Avertissement (with its watermark) separate. As ff. 2 and 7 (the later Avertissement which encloses de Vallone's Avertissement) are bound within the group of folios which starts with f. 1 and ends with f. 18, it would seem that this interpolation was not made by de Vallone, but by Eugene. Who bound the present volume as a whole one can only con­jecture. Possibly de Vallone left his manuscript as loose groups of folios and it was bound later by Prince Eugene's librarians. But the whole picture is that of an unfinished work. It is none the less interesting for that very definite impression­the work of a man who was near to death, and of a man who had bought his paper from a printer in large sheets of varying sizes, which had been folded and cut to a roughly uniform size either by the printer or by the author himself, large sheets which had been numbered according to the second pagination. The present folio enumeration certainly does not come from de Vallone. He would hardly have placed his Avertissement after the first page of his treatise, and he certainly could not have numbered the later folios containing the fair copy of that Avertissement which is contained in the volume belonging to Prince Eugene.

In sum, one can say that the script as it is now bound is disorganised but very interesting. It reveals a great deal about de Vallone. A much more detailed examination would, no doubt, reveal a great deal more. Rarely has one had the opportunity of scrutinising the mental processes of such a devious man while he was at work. But this detailed examination would require another book.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MANUSCRIPT SOURCES

VIENNA Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek MSS 10403,10404 Von Hohendorfs copies of La Religion du Chretien MSS 10405, 10406 Theophrastus Redivivus MS 10450 Prince Eugene's copy (the original first draft) of La Religion du Chretien MS 10450* De Imposturis Religionum Breve Compendium MSS 13963-13966 and 14376-14380 catalogues of Prince Eugene's library MS 11939 catalogue of von Hohendorfs library

PARIS Bibliotheque Ste. Genevieve MS 353 Examen des Novices de Ste. Genevieve de 1678 a 1712 MS 712 Extraits des Proces-verbaux des Chapitres - Generaux, 1653-1709 MS 1155 Receuil des Lettres ecrites de 1676 a 1731 aux Abbes de Ste Genevieve MS 1887 Des choses les plus remarquables qui se sont passees dans la Congregation de

France depuis que j'ay quitte la paroisse de St. Estienne et que tay este eleu Abbe de Ste Genevieve, 1675-1691 by Paul Beurrier

MS 1959 Portrait Litteraire du R.P. Jean de Montenay by Chartonnet MS 2460 De Vita et Morte R.P. Fr. Morin MS 2532 Receuil des Lettres ecrites aux Abbes etc. de Ste. Genevieve

Archives Nationales: Monuments Ecctesiastiques 1. 879

AMSTERDAM Archives Wallonnes, Articles of Synods deposited in the Bibliotheque Wallonne

THE HAGUE Gemeentetarchief Register of impost for marriages and burials, 1699, Apr. 1-1722,

Nov. 19. O.l.T.B. inv. 6 Register of baptisms of the Walloon Church 1686 Jan 1-1708 Mar 4, Kerkelijk Register, 's-Gravenhage, 308

Register of marriages of the Walloon Church, 1691 Apr 15-1726, Sept 22. Kerk. Reg., 314.

Konin klijke Bibliotheek, MS 12.g.E.12. L 'Esprit de Spinoza (really Les Trois Imposteurs)

ROTTERDAM Gemeentearchief Actes du Consistoire de L 'Eglise Wallonne de Rotterdam inv. 2 ______ Actes de l'Eglise Wallonne de Rotterdam inv. nr. 15. De Vallone's letter.

BRUSSELS Bibliotheque Royale, MS. 15190,De Tribus Impostoribus.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MANUSCRIPT SOURCES

VIENNA Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek MSS 10403,10404 Von Hohendorfs copies of La Religion du Chretien MSS 10405, 10406 Theophrastus Redivivus MS 10450 Prince Eugene's copy (the original first draft) of La Religion du Chretien MS 10450* De Imposturis Religionum Breve Compendium MSS 13963-13966 and 14376-14380 catalogues of Prince Eugene's library MS 11939 catalogue of von Hohendorfs library

PARIS Bibliotheque Ste. Genevieve MS 353 Examen des Novices de Ste. Genevieve de 1678 a 1712 MS 712 Extraits des Proces-verbaux des Chapitres - Generaux, 1653-1709 MS 1155 Receuil des Lettres ecrites de 1676 a 1731 aux Abbes de Ste Genevieve MS 1887 Des choses les plus remarquables qui se sont passees dans la Congregation de

France depuis que j'ay quitte la paroisse de St. Estienne et que tay este eleu Abbe de Ste Genevieve, 1675-1691 by Paul Beurrier

MS 1959 Portrait Litteraire du R.P. Jean de Montenay by Chartonnet MS 2460 De Vita et Morte R.P. Fr. Morin MS 2532 Receuil des Lettres ecrites aux Abbes etc. de Ste. Genevieve

Archives Nationales: Monuments Ecctesiastiques 1. 879

AMSTERDAM Archives Wallonnes, Articles of Synods deposited in the Bibliotheque Wallonne

THE HAGUE Gemeentetarchief Register of impost for marriages and burials, 1699, Apr. 1-1722,

Nov. 19. O.l.T.B. inv. 6 Register of baptisms of the Walloon Church 1686 Jan 1-1708 Mar 4, Kerkelijk Register, 's-Gravenhage, 308

Register of marriages of the Walloon Church, 1691 Apr 15-1726, Sept 22. Kerk. Reg., 314.

Konin klijke Bibliotheek, MS 12.g.E.12. L 'Esprit de Spinoza (really Les Trois Imposteurs)

ROTTERDAM Gemeentearchief Actes du Consistoire de L 'Eglise Wallonne de Rotterdam inv. 2 ______ Actes de l'Eglise Wallonne de Rotterdam inv. nr. 15. De Vallone's letter.

BRUSSELS Bibliotheque Royale, MS. 15190,De Tribus Impostoribus.

234

SURVIVING WORKS BY YVES DE VALLONE Profession de Foi . .. Precedee de l'Histoire de sa Conversion (The Hague, 1701) Defense de l'Apologie pour les Reformez au Sujet de la Predestination (The Hague, 1702)

Quotations from L 'Apologie are also to be found in Bayle, Oeuvres Diverses (The Hague, 1727-1731) III, pp. 820, 854, 855, Reponse, chaps. 153, 168; and in J. Bernard, Remon· trance du sieur Jaques Bernard (The Hague, 1703).

PRINTED WORKS

Aaron, R.I., John Locke (Oxford, 1955). Abercrombie, N.J., The Origins of Jansenism (Oxford, 1936). D' Alais, Denis Vairasse, Histoire des Sevarambes (Amsterdam, 1702). Altanar, B., Patrology (Edinburgh, London, 1960). Aquinas, T., I a Senteniarum. ______ , Summa Theologica, I a

Aristotle, Problemata. Atkinson, G., The Extraordinary Voyage in French Literature before 1700 (Columbia

(Columbia University Press, New York, 1920). ______ , The Extraordinary Voyage in French Literature from 1700 to 1720 (Paris,

1922). Arnauld, A., De la Frequente Communion (4th ed. Paris, 1644). Augustine, De Civitate Dei. ______ , De Diversis Quaestionibus ad Simplicianum. ______ ,De Trinitate.

B.S. A Dialogue between the Gallows and a Freethinker: the third edition with an additional confutation of a late impious pamphlet, intituled 'Heaven open to all men' (London, 1750). Critical of Cuppe's work: the "additional confutation" is on pp. 41-59 of this pamphlet.

Barbier, A.A., Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes (Paris, 1872 etc.) Barrow, R.H., Plutarch and his Times (London, 1967). Battail, J-F., L 'Avocat Philosophe, Geraud de Cordemoy (The Hague, 1973). Bayle, P., Oeuvres Diverses (The Hague, 1727-1731). Bentley, R., Remarks upon a late Discourse of Freethinking (6th ed. Cambridge, 1725). Bernard, J., Remontrance du Sieur Jaques Bernard (The Hague, 1703). Blount, c., The Oracles of Reason (London, 1693). Boscovich, R.G., Theoria Philosophiae Naturalis (1st ed. Vienna, 1758). Boulainvilliers, H. de, see Renee Simon. Boulenger, J., Le Grand Siecle (Paris, 1911). Boulting, W., Giordano Bruno (London, 1914). Bracken, H.M., 'Bayle not a Sceptic' in The Journal of the History of Ideas (1964) XXV. Bredenburg, Jan, Enervatio Tractatus Theologico.Po!itici (Rotterdam, 1675). Bremond, H., Histoire Litteraire du Sentiment Religieux en France (Paris, 1916-1936)

Vol. I pt. 3, Chapt I; Vol. IV; Vol. IX, chap. 2; Vol. XI part I, chap. 7. Browne, Sir T., The Works of, ed. by G. Keynes (London, 1964). Brunet, J.C., Manuel du Libraire (Paris, 1864). Brunet, G., Die tion naire des OuvragesAnonymes: Suppltiment (Paris, 1889); cf. Barbier, A.A. Bruno, G., Cause, Principle and Unity, trans. by J. Lindsay (Castle Hedingham, 1962). Bull, G., Works (Oxford, 1846). Burnet, J., Greek Philosophy (London, 1914). Burnet, T., Archaeologiae Philosophicae (London, 1692). ______ , id. trans into English (London, 1736). Burton, R., Anatomy of Melancholy (Oxford, 1621).

234

SURVIVING WORKS BY YVES DE VALLONE Profession de Foi . .. Precedee de l'Histoire de sa Conversion (The Hague, 1701) Defense de l'Apologie pour les Reformez au Sujet de la Predestination (The Hague, 1702)

Quotations from L 'Apologie are also to be found in Bayle, Oeuvres Diverses (The Hague, 1727-1731) III, pp. 820, 854, 855, Reponse, chaps. 153, 168; and in J. Bernard, Remon· trance du sieur Jaques Bernard (The Hague, 1703).

PRINTED WORKS

Aaron, R.I., John Locke (Oxford, 1955). Abercrombie, N.J., The Origins of Jansenism (Oxford, 1936). D' Alais, Denis Vairasse, Histoire des Sevarambes (Amsterdam, 1702). Altanar, B., Patrology (Edinburgh, London, 1960). Aquinas, T., I a Senteniarum. ______ , Summa Theologica, I a

Aristotle, Problemata. Atkinson, G., The Extraordinary Voyage in French Literature before 1700 (Columbia

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L. Halphen and P. Sagnac: Histoire Generale (Presses Universitaires). Sainte-Beuve, C.A., Port-Royal (Paris, 1840-1861). Simon, Renee, Henry de Boulainvillers, Historien, Politique, Philosophe, Astrologue (Paris,

1941). ______ , Henry de Boulainvillers, Oeuvres Philosophiques (The Hague, 1973). ______ , "Nicolas Freret, Academicien" in Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth

Century (Geneva, 1961), XVII. Simon, Richard, Histoire Critique du Vieux Testament (Rotterdam, 1685). ______ , Histoire Critique du Texte du Nouveau Testament (Rotterdam, 1689). ______ , Nouvelles Observations sur Ie Texte et les Versions du Nouveau Testament

(paris, 1695). Solinsen, F., Plato's Theology (New York, 1942). Spink, J .S., French Freethought from Gassendi to Voltaire (London, 1960). Spinoza, B. de, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Elwes translation, Dover Books (New York,

1955), Works, I. ______ , The Ethics and de Intellectus Emendatione, trans .. by A. Boyle (London,

1913). Steinmann, J., Richard Simon et les Origines de l'Exegese Biblique (Bruges, 1960). Stephen, Sir L., History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1881). Stouppe, P., La Religion des Hollandais (Cologne, 1673). Stromberg, R.N., Religious Liberalism in Eighteenth Century England (Oxford, 1954). Stufler,J., Why God created the World, trans. E.F. Sutcliffe (Stanbrook Abbey Press, 1937). Suchier, W., Prinz Eugen Bibliophile (Weimar, 1928). Sutcliffe, E.F., The Old Testament and the Future Life (London, 1946). Sykes, N., From Sheldon to Secker (Cambridge, 1959). Tabulae Codicum Manu Scriptorum Praeter Graecos et Orientales in Bibliotheca Palatina

Asservatorum (Vienna, 1864- ). Taylor, A.E., Plato (London, 1926). Tertullian, Apologeticus. Tindal, M., Christianity as Old as the Creation (London, 1730). ______ , The Nation Vindicated from the Aspersions cast upon it in a late Pamphlet

intituled "A Representation of the present State of the Nation etc." (London, 1712). Toland, J., Christianity not Mysterious (London, 1696). ______ , Letters to Serena ("Cosmopoli" Le. London, 1704). ______ , Pantheisticon (London, 1720). ______ , The same, translated into English (London, 1751). Torrey, N.L., The Romanic Review (New York, Columbia Press) XXX April, 1939: a review

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INDEX

Aben Ezra, 153. Abstract Ideas, 217, 218. Abraham, 43, 139, 158, 16l. Acquiviva, Claudio, 12l. Adam, 22, 23, 28, 42, 43, 51,100, 117,

140,143,158,180,205 Africa, Council of, 22. Age of Reason, 227. Ahaz, 166. D'Alais, Denis Vairasse, 105,107,131,189. Alcoran, 112, 153. D'Alembert, J., 10,217,224. Alexander VII, Pope, 13, 20n. Alexander the Great, 160. All Souls College, Oxford, Library of, 6. Alogians, 151, 153. Alton, F.E., 8. Amsterdam, Bibliotheque Wallone, 7. Amsterdam, Synod of, 6l. Altdorf, 50. Amphilocus, 153. Amyntor,3. Anabaptists, 48. Anaxagoras, 86. Angecour, Mme. de, 14, 33. Angels, 41, 42, 82,96,98, 143. Angelique, Mere, 18. Angers, 15, 16, 32. Anima Mundi, 4, 9, 10,72,73,74,75,77,

85, 91, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 126, 164,188,214,224,225, 226.

Animals, 83, 84,95, 103. Anjou, 15. Ansbach, 34, 36. Antichrist, 153. Apocatastasis, 85. Appolonius of Tyanam 102, 104. Apologie pour les Re!ormez, 5n, 50-63.

Defense de I 'Apo[ogie , 5n, 7, 51-63, 226.

Apostles, 57, 161, 174, 175. Apotheoses, 175. Aquinas, St. Thomas, 42, 58n, 59, 60n, .87, Archelaus, 86.

Archives of Christians, 146; of Jews, 143. Archives Nationales, 3l. Arianism, 80. Arimonius, 75. Arius, 80. Aristotle, 73, 75, 100. Armogathe, Prof. J.R., 200. Arnoulds, The, 12, 13, 24. Artaxerxes, 44. Astrology, 101, 102. Atheism, 73-78, 106,107,108,120,128,

129,160,167,191,195,218. Athens, 53. Atomists, 3, 217. Attention, 114, 126. Augustine, 9,17,22,39,75,101,102,104,

111,112,113,115,146,154,187,191, 223,225,226,227.

Augustines, 13, 14n, 19, 20n. Authority, 9,10,112 sq.

Babylonians, 10 l. Bacon, F. 225. Baden-Durlach, Margrave of, 36. Balthazar, Professor at Gripswald, 206. Baptism, 47. Barbarossa, Frederick, 203. Barbier, A.A., 4. Baronius, Cardinal, 138, 148. Bartsch, Gerhard, 208. Basil, St., 80, 153. Basle,34. Bayle, Pierre, 4, 7, 51, 55, 72, 74, 90,

115, 119, 126, 127, 128, 129, 180, 181,182,187,213,224.

Bayeux, Bishop of, 18. Beatitude, 47. Beauval, Henri Basnage de, 55. Beauvray, P.L. 216. Bekker, Balthazar, 98. Bentley, Richard, 130,135. Berier, Jean Aubert and Maric Marguerite,

6,63. Berkeley, George, 218, 225. Berlin, 35.

INDEX

Aben Ezra, 153. Abstract Ideas, 217, 218. Abraham, 43, 139, 158, 16l. Acquiviva, Claudio, 12l. Adam, 22, 23, 28, 42, 43, 51,100, 117,

140,143,158,180,205 Africa, Council of, 22. Age of Reason, 227. Ahaz, 166. D'Alais, Denis Vairasse, 105,107,131,189. Alcoran, 112, 153. D'Alembert, J., 10,217,224. Alexander VII, Pope, 13, 20n. Alexander the Great, 160. All Souls College, Oxford, Library of, 6. Alogians, 151, 153. Alton, F.E., 8. Amsterdam, Bibliotheque Wallone, 7. Amsterdam, Synod of, 6l. Altdorf, 50. Amphilocus, 153. Amyntor,3. Anabaptists, 48. Anaxagoras, 86. Angecour, Mme. de, 14, 33. Angels, 41, 42, 82,96,98, 143. Angelique, Mere, 18. Angers, 15, 16, 32. Anima Mundi, 4, 9, 10,72,73,74,75,77,

85, 91, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 126, 164,188,214,224,225, 226.

Animals, 83, 84,95, 103. Anjou, 15. Ansbach, 34, 36. Antichrist, 153. Apocatastasis, 85. Appolonius of Tyanam 102, 104. Apologie pour les Re!ormez, 5n, 50-63.

Defense de I 'Apo[ogie , 5n, 7, 51-63, 226.

Apostles, 57, 161, 174, 175. Apotheoses, 175. Aquinas, St. Thomas, 42, 58n, 59, 60n, .87, Archelaus, 86.

Archives of Christians, 146; of Jews, 143. Archives Nationales, 3l. Arianism, 80. Arimonius, 75. Arius, 80. Aristotle, 73, 75, 100. Armogathe, Prof. J.R., 200. Arnoulds, The, 12, 13, 24. Artaxerxes, 44. Astrology, 101, 102. Atheism, 73-78, 106,107,108,120,128,

129,160,167,191,195,218. Athens, 53. Atomists, 3, 217. Attention, 114, 126. Augustine, 9,17,22,39,75,101,102,104,

111,112,113,115,146,154,187,191, 223,225,226,227.

Augustines, 13, 14n, 19, 20n. Authority, 9,10,112 sq.

Babylonians, 10 l. Bacon, F. 225. Baden-Durlach, Margrave of, 36. Balthazar, Professor at Gripswald, 206. Baptism, 47. Barbarossa, Frederick, 203. Barbier, A.A., 4. Baronius, Cardinal, 138, 148. Bartsch, Gerhard, 208. Basil, St., 80, 153. Basle,34. Bayle, Pierre, 4, 7, 51, 55, 72, 74, 90,

115, 119, 126, 127, 128, 129, 180, 181,182,187,213,224.

Bayeux, Bishop of, 18. Beatitude, 47. Beauval, Henri Basnage de, 55. Beauvray, P.L. 216. Bekker, Balthazar, 98. Bentley, Richard, 130,135. Berier, Jean Aubert and Maric Marguerite,

6,63. Berkeley, George, 218, 225. Berlin, 35.

240

Berlin, French church in, 35, 36. Bernard, Jacques, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 19, 23,

43,44,49,50,55-61,69,226,227. Bernard, St., 15. Bernardines, 15. Beurries, Paul, 18, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37. Blondel, 27, 28. Blount, Charles, 130, 207. Blum, Cecile, 230. Bodin, Jean, 3,4. Bodleian Library, Oxford, 6, 204. Bon Cours, College of, 33. Bon Sens, 13, 122, 230. Book of the Universe, 53,107. Boscovich, R., 217. Bossuer, J.B., 134, 139, 154. Boulainvilliers, Henry de, 3, 106, 188, 201,

202; his "coterie", 189,210, 212, 213, 215, 219; Extrait du Traite-Theologo Politique, 209; Abrege d'Histoire An­cienne, 209; Spinoza and Richard Simon, 209; Scripture, 209; Belief in spirituality of the Soul, 209; Histoire de la Religion et de la Philosophie An­cienne, 209; Respect for Religion, 209, 210; Revelation, 210; Essai de Mera­physique dans les Principes de B ... de Sp ... 210, 211; Histoire des Opinions des Anciens sur la Nature de l'Ame, its orthodoxy, 211; Traite sur 11mmortalite de l'Ame, 211, 212; Fideism of, 212; contrast with de Vallone, 209-213 passim; Determinism, Freewill and Grace, 214, 215: 225.

Brahmins, 207. Brandenburg-Ansbach, Margrave of, 34. Bredenburg, Jan, 91. Breteuil, M. de, 204. Browne, Sir Thomas, 206, 207. Brunet, Gustave, 203, 204. Brunet, J.C. 4, 204. Bruno, Giordano, 3, 108, 109, 110. Brussels, BibliotMque Royale, 204. Buddha, 101. Buerette, Seigneur of Wilhelmsdorf, 36. Bull, George, 90, 96, 178,230. Burgundy, 33. Burnet, Thomas, 207, 209. Burton, R., 129.

Cabbala and CabbaJists, 45,102,143,167. Caius, 153, Cajetan, Cardinal, 152.

Calvinism, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 34,38-49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 59, 61,63,68,69, 71,72,73,78, 79, 98, 110, 111,117, 133,134,154,178,198,224,226,227.

Cambridge Platonists, 83, 105, 197. Canon of Scripture, 145, 151, 155. Cappadocian Fathers, 80. Carpocratos, 168. Catharites, 152. Cato, 211. Celibacy, 46. Cerinthus, 153, 166, 168, 175, 176. Chaise, Pere de la, 24. Chalcedon, Council of, 80. Chaldeans, 101, 135, 143,216. Challe, Robert, 195, and see Militaire Phi-

/osphe. Cham, "Accursed", 147. Champagne, 25. Champs, Pere des, 24. Chance, 70. Chapelle, de la, Crypto-Calvinist lecturer at

Angers Chapter General of Congregation de France,

1691, 6, 8, 12, 18, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 37,49.

Charles, Rudolf, 191. Chartonnet, A.-F., 29. Chaufepie, 6, 8, 9,61. Cherbury, Edward Herbert, First Baron of,

130. Cheron, Grand-Vicat of Archbishop of Paris,

30. Chinese, 54, 108, 121, 124, 126, 160, 161,

207,224. Religion of, 127-129. Chinese Rites, 121, 224. Christ, 9, 10, 19, 39, 54, 57, 68, 96, 151,

152, 158, 166, 167,174,175,176,180, 181,187, 192, 19~202,21~ 219,225, 230; divinity of 136, 168, 176, 177; miracles of, 169; titles of, 168, 174; mission, doctrine and character of, 173; hatred of, Les Trois Imposteurs, 202; Meslier, 191, 192.

Christianity, 9,42,61,73,80,168, 183,196,216,227, 230; early, 79,174; Pauline, 174, 175; of the "Platonic Phi­losophers", 175 -1 77; Thecratic, 177, 178; contemporary, 179-183.

Chronicles of Kings of Israel and Judah, 144.

Chrysostom, 148. Church, The, 10,45,46, 118.

240

Berlin, French church in, 35, 36. Bernard, Jacques, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 19, 23,

43,44,49,50,55-61,69,226,227. Bernard, St., 15. Bernardines, 15. Beurries, Paul, 18, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37. Blondel, 27, 28. Blount, Charles, 130, 207. Blum, Cecile, 230. Bodin, Jean, 3,4. Bodleian Library, Oxford, 6, 204. Bon Cours, College of, 33. Bon Sens, 13, 122, 230. Book of the Universe, 53,107. Boscovich, R., 217. Bossuer, J.B., 134, 139, 154. Boulainvilliers, Henry de, 3, 106, 188, 201,

202; his "coterie", 189,210, 212, 213, 215, 219; Extrait du Traite-Theologo Politique, 209; Abrege d'Histoire An­cienne, 209; Spinoza and Richard Simon, 209; Scripture, 209; Belief in spirituality of the Soul, 209; Histoire de la Religion et de la Philosophie An­cienne, 209; Respect for Religion, 209, 210; Revelation, 210; Essai de Mera­physique dans les Principes de B ... de Sp ... 210, 211; Histoire des Opinions des Anciens sur la Nature de l'Ame, its orthodoxy, 211; Traite sur 11mmortalite de l'Ame, 211, 212; Fideism of, 212; contrast with de Vallone, 209-213 passim; Determinism, Freewill and Grace, 214, 215: 225.

Brahmins, 207. Brandenburg-Ansbach, Margrave of, 34. Bredenburg, Jan, 91. Breteuil, M. de, 204. Browne, Sir Thomas, 206, 207. Brunet, Gustave, 203, 204. Brunet, J.C. 4, 204. Bruno, Giordano, 3, 108, 109, 110. Brussels, BibliotMque Royale, 204. Buddha, 101. Buerette, Seigneur of Wilhelmsdorf, 36. Bull, George, 90, 96, 178,230. Burgundy, 33. Burnet, Thomas, 207, 209. Burton, R., 129.

Cabbala and CabbaJists, 45,102,143,167. Caius, 153, Cajetan, Cardinal, 152.

Calvinism, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 34,38-49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 59, 61,63,68,69, 71,72,73,78, 79, 98, 110, 111,117, 133,134,154,178,198,224,226,227.

Cambridge Platonists, 83, 105, 197. Canon of Scripture, 145, 151, 155. Cappadocian Fathers, 80. Carpocratos, 168. Catharites, 152. Cato, 211. Celibacy, 46. Cerinthus, 153, 166, 168, 175, 176. Chaise, Pere de la, 24. Chalcedon, Council of, 80. Chaldeans, 101, 135, 143,216. Challe, Robert, 195, and see Militaire Phi-

/osphe. Cham, "Accursed", 147. Champagne, 25. Champs, Pere des, 24. Chance, 70. Chapelle, de la, Crypto-Calvinist lecturer at

Angers Chapter General of Congregation de France,

1691, 6, 8, 12, 18, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 37,49.

Charles, Rudolf, 191. Chartonnet, A.-F., 29. Chaufepie, 6, 8, 9,61. Cherbury, Edward Herbert, First Baron of,

130. Cheron, Grand-Vicat of Archbishop of Paris,

30. Chinese, 54, 108, 121, 124, 126, 160, 161,

207,224. Religion of, 127-129. Chinese Rites, 121, 224. Christ, 9, 10, 19, 39, 54, 57, 68, 96, 151,

152, 158, 166, 167,174,175,176,180, 181,187, 192, 19~202,21~ 219,225, 230; divinity of 136, 168, 176, 177; miracles of, 169; titles of, 168, 174; mission, doctrine and character of, 173; hatred of, Les Trois Imposteurs, 202; Meslier, 191, 192.

Christianity, 9,42,61,73,80,168, 183,196,216,227, 230; early, 79,174; Pauline, 174, 175; of the "Platonic Phi­losophers", 175 -1 77; Thecratic, 177, 178; contemporary, 179-183.

Chronicles of Kings of Israel and Judah, 144.

Chrysostom, 148. Church, The, 10,45,46, 118.

Cicero, 72, 100, 101, 21I. Le Gel Ouvert a tous les Hommes (cf

Cuppe), 189, 190. Circumcision, 160. Cistercians, 15. Clairvaux, 15, 49. Clarke, Samuel, 78, 130, 198. Clement XI, Pope, 20n. Clement of Alexandria, 42, 79, 150, 153,

230. Clermont, College de, 24. Clery, de, 19I. Clovis, ISn. Colbert de Croissy, Household of, 14, 33. Collins, Anthony, 40n, 105n, 117, 118,

125,133,135,213,216,225n,226. Colloquium Heptaplomeres, 3, 4. Common People, The, 115, 119,222. Communion, de la frequente, 13. Compiegne, 24, 27. Compte, Louis Le, 128, 187. Confession, Sacrament of, 46. Conformity, prudent, 72. Confucius, 54,121,127,128. Congregation de France, 6, 8, 9, 13, 15,

17,18,24,29,31,32,49,61,226. Copleston, F. 95, 109,115. Cornet, N., 13. Councils, Church, 80. Covenant, The, 43. Coward, William, 57, 224. Creation, 43, 54, 58n, 70, 71, 73, 78, 91-

94,114. Criticism, 134, 136. Croft, Peter, 8. Cuppe, Pierre, 189, 190. Cymbalum Mundi, 3. Cyran, St., Abbe de, 19. Cyril of Alexandria, 19.

Daemons, 75, 98. Daniel, Seventy Weeks of, 44, 169. Decalogue, The, 14I. Deists and Deism, 9, 10, 16,40,41,46,54,

55,78, 89, 90,100,105,111,112,113, 114, 115, 116, 129-131, l33, 135. 139, 145, 154, 155, 161, 168, 169, 173, 180, 188,189,195,196,197,199,223,225, 226.

Deloffre, Prof. Frederic, 195. Democritus, 78. Demonolgy, 98, 102. Deprun, J., 216.

241

Descartes, Rene and Cartesianism, 9, 10,73, 74, 82, 83, 87, 93, 95, 96, 104, 106, 107,110,125,187,196,223,224,225.

Design, Argument from, 69. Desperiers, Boneventure, 3. Determinism, 51,91,93,94,103,107,110,

123-126,159, 160, 17~173, 17~ 181, 214,216,220,225.

Devils, 42, 82, 98, 102, 190. Dictionaries of Academie Fran~aise, 107,

108. Difficultes sur la Religion proposees au R.P.

Malebranche, see Militaire Philosophe. Dijon, 33. Dio Cassius, 75. Divine Illumination, 115. Dooren, Dr. 1. van, 7. Droit (Fait et Droit), 20. Dumarsais, Cesar Chesnau, 189, 22I. Dumas, A., 33. De Durbec, Abbot Commendatory, 25, 26.

Eastern Patriarchates, 179. Ebion, 138. Ebionites, 137, 151,166,168,175. D'Effiat, Abbe, 24, 26. Eglise, La Petite, 18, 19,20,21,22,25,29,

31,56. Egypt, 142, 148, 167,202, 21I. Eleazar, 102. Elect and Elite, 44, 45,48,60,89,98,221,

227. Elias, 97. Emanation, 114. Empedocles, 84, 86. Encyclopedie, L', 120. Endor, Witch of, 102. England, 20, 27. Enlightenment, The, 8, 10, 103, 223, 224,

227. Epicure, Abrege de la Philosophie de, 3. Epicurus, 85. Epiphanius, 138, 146, 150, 15I. Erasmus, 28. Erlang, Synod of, 35, 36. Error, 117, 118, 123. Esprit-forts, 49,112,188,225,227. Essai de Meraphysique sur les principes de

B ... de Sp . .. , see Boulainvilliers. Eternity, 69, 70; of matter, 69, 70, 71, 85,

87, 88, 92, 93. Etrepigny, 194n. Eucharist, The, 47,196.

Cicero, 72, 100, 101, 21I. Le Gel Ouvert a tous les Hommes (cf

Cuppe), 189, 190. Circumcision, 160. Cistercians, 15. Clairvaux, 15, 49. Clarke, Samuel, 78, 130, 198. Clement XI, Pope, 20n. Clement of Alexandria, 42, 79, 150, 153,

230. Clermont, College de, 24. Clery, de, 19I. Clovis, ISn. Colbert de Croissy, Household of, 14, 33. Collins, Anthony, 40n, 105n, 117, 118,

125,133,135,213,216,225n,226. Colloquium Heptaplomeres, 3, 4. Common People, The, 115, 119,222. Communion, de la frequente, 13. Compiegne, 24, 27. Compte, Louis Le, 128, 187. Confession, Sacrament of, 46. Conformity, prudent, 72. Confucius, 54,121,127,128. Congregation de France, 6, 8, 9, 13, 15,

17,18,24,29,31,32,49,61,226. Copleston, F. 95, 109,115. Cornet, N., 13. Councils, Church, 80. Covenant, The, 43. Coward, William, 57, 224. Creation, 43, 54, 58n, 70, 71, 73, 78, 91-

94,114. Criticism, 134, 136. Croft, Peter, 8. Cuppe, Pierre, 189, 190. Cymbalum Mundi, 3. Cyran, St., Abbe de, 19. Cyril of Alexandria, 19.

Daemons, 75, 98. Daniel, Seventy Weeks of, 44, 169. Decalogue, The, 14I. Deists and Deism, 9, 10, 16,40,41,46,54,

55,78, 89, 90,100,105,111,112,113, 114, 115, 116, 129-131, l33, 135. 139, 145, 154, 155, 161, 168, 169, 173, 180, 188,189,195,196,197,199,223,225, 226.

Deloffre, Prof. Frederic, 195. Democritus, 78. Demonolgy, 98, 102. Deprun, J., 216.

241

Descartes, Rene and Cartesianism, 9, 10,73, 74, 82, 83, 87, 93, 95, 96, 104, 106, 107,110,125,187,196,223,224,225.

Design, Argument from, 69. Desperiers, Boneventure, 3. Determinism, 51,91,93,94,103,107,110,

123-126,159, 160, 17~173, 17~ 181, 214,216,220,225.

Devils, 42, 82, 98, 102, 190. Dictionaries of Academie Fran~aise, 107,

108. Difficultes sur la Religion proposees au R.P.

Malebranche, see Militaire Philosophe. Dijon, 33. Dio Cassius, 75. Divine Illumination, 115. Dooren, Dr. 1. van, 7. Droit (Fait et Droit), 20. Dumarsais, Cesar Chesnau, 189, 22I. Dumas, A., 33. De Durbec, Abbot Commendatory, 25, 26.

Eastern Patriarchates, 179. Ebion, 138. Ebionites, 137, 151,166,168,175. D'Effiat, Abbe, 24, 26. Eglise, La Petite, 18, 19,20,21,22,25,29,

31,56. Egypt, 142, 148, 167,202, 21I. Eleazar, 102. Elect and Elite, 44, 45,48,60,89,98,221,

227. Elias, 97. Emanation, 114. Empedocles, 84, 86. Encyclopedie, L', 120. Endor, Witch of, 102. England, 20, 27. Enlightenment, The, 8, 10, 103, 223, 224,

227. Epicure, Abrege de la Philosophie de, 3. Epicurus, 85. Epiphanius, 138, 146, 150, 15I. Erasmus, 28. Erlang, Synod of, 35, 36. Error, 117, 118, 123. Esprit-forts, 49,112,188,225,227. Essai de Meraphysique sur les principes de

B ... de Sp . .. , see Boulainvilliers. Eternity, 69, 70; of matter, 69, 70, 71, 85,

87, 88, 92, 93. Etrepigny, 194n. Eucharist, The, 47,196.

242

Eugene, Prince, 3, 4, 5, 63, 164, 183, 205, 206,208, 223,232.

Eusebius, 137n, 149. Eustatius, Bishop of Antioch, 147. Eutyches, 168. Eve. 99.140. Evremond, St. C. de, 126, 224. Examen de la Religion (Doutes sur la Reli­

gion), 219,220; contrast with de Vallone, 220.

Extreme Unction, 46, 95. Ezra, 136, 143, 158, 206.

Fact or Fait, 19. Faith, 44, 45, 54, 68, 116. Favon, Samuel, 7. Father, The, 79. Fathers, The, 80, 92, 96, 104, 136, 146,

151,223,226. Fenelon, F., 191, 193. Feret, P., 8,31. Feuerlin, Lutheran Preacher at Nuremburg,

50,57. Fideism, 105. Five Porpositions, The, 13, 20n. Flood, The, 141. Foigny, Gabriel, 107,131,189. Fontenelle, B. Ie Bovier, Sieur de, 221. Formula Consensus Helvetica, 134. France, 56. Franche Compte, 34. Franconia, Churches of, 36. Frederick II, Emperor, 203. Freethinking manuscripts, 61,63,203,204,

206,208,189 sq. See Wade, Prof. 1.0. Freret, Nicolas, 189, 213, 215. Fu-Hsi, 127, 166. Fundamentals, 45.

GabbaIis, Comte de, 99, 100, 103, 164,224. Gaon, 153. Gassemdi, P., 217. Ga1licanism and Gallican Church, 13, 33,

196. Gaulties, Doctor, of Niort, 105. Gay, Peter, 202. Gehenna, 71. Genevieve, Ste., BibliotMque dem 6, 12. Genevieve, Ste., Abbey of, 5, 6, 25, 26, 27,

36,37. Genthe, F.W., 204, 205, 206. Gentiles, 53, 72, 164, 170, 174, 175, 178. Germany, 56. Geulincx, Arnold, 95.

Gnomes, 100, 103. Gnostics, 147. Le Gobien, Charles, 128. God, 9,17, 18, 22,51,52,53,54,58,60,

61, 68, 70-81, 82, 86, 89, 91-94, 95, 100, 103, 104, 105,107,108,109,118, 124,133,134,139,145,152,156,157, 158,159, 160, 171,176,178,180,192, 193,194,197,198,203,204,205,216, 220; God and Nature, Spinoza and de Vallone, 161-164.

Golden Rule, The, 170. Gourland, Prior of St. Martin de Troyes, 25. Grace, 13, 14, 22, 23, 43, 46, 52, 53, 54,

57, 85, 116, 152; Cuppe, 190; Militaire Philosophe, 198.

Grand Siecle, 10, 12, 227. Gravi1le, House of, 25. Gray, J., 144. Greeks, 52. Gregory of Nazianzen, St., 138, 153. Gregory of Nyssa, St., 80, 149, 153. Grew, Nehemiah, 99, 224. Grotius, 138, 147, 148, 149, 230.

Haag, E. and E., 6. The Hague, 7, 36, 50, 56, 62. Consistory of The Hague, 60. 61. Synod of The Hague, 57, 60. Hautefeuille, Visitor of Britanny, 18, 19,

26, 27, 28, 30, 31. Heilbronn, College of, 34. Hell, 47, 72, 85, 86,89,103,180,190,229. Hellenism and Jewish Ideas, 176, 178. Hermes Trismegistus, 101, 102. Heusden, Synod of, 60. Hick, John, 176. Hiercites, 152. Hippocrate a Damagete, Lettre de, 3. Histoire de la Conversion de M de Vallone,

8, 14, 16, 37, 38, 49, 56, 111, 112, 113, 154, 227.

Histoire des Ouvrages des Savants, 55. Hobbes, Thomas, 123, 124,225. Hofburg, The, 223. Hohendorf, Baron von, 3, 4, 5, 63, 71, 88,

164,182,183,205,206,223. Hona, Count, 35, 36. Hottentots, 53. Hulst, Burgomaster of The Hague, 205. Hume, David, 40n, 217, 224. Huguenots, 12, 13, 16, 225. Hypostatic Union, 19, 44.

242

Eugene, Prince, 3, 4, 5, 63, 164, 183, 205, 206,208, 223,232.

Eusebius, 137n, 149. Eustatius, Bishop of Antioch, 147. Eutyches, 168. Eve. 99.140. Evremond, St. C. de, 126, 224. Examen de la Religion (Doutes sur la Reli­

gion), 219,220; contrast with de Vallone, 220.

Extreme Unction, 46, 95. Ezra, 136, 143, 158, 206.

Fact or Fait, 19. Faith, 44, 45, 54, 68, 116. Favon, Samuel, 7. Father, The, 79. Fathers, The, 80, 92, 96, 104, 136, 146,

151,223,226. Fenelon, F., 191, 193. Feret, P., 8,31. Feuerlin, Lutheran Preacher at Nuremburg,

50,57. Fideism, 105. Five Porpositions, The, 13, 20n. Flood, The, 141. Foigny, Gabriel, 107,131,189. Fontenelle, B. Ie Bovier, Sieur de, 221. Formula Consensus Helvetica, 134. France, 56. Franche Compte, 34. Franconia, Churches of, 36. Frederick II, Emperor, 203. Freethinking manuscripts, 61,63,203,204,

206,208,189 sq. See Wade, Prof. 1.0. Freret, Nicolas, 189, 213, 215. Fu-Hsi, 127, 166. Fundamentals, 45.

GabbaIis, Comte de, 99, 100, 103, 164,224. Gaon, 153. Gassemdi, P., 217. Ga1licanism and Gallican Church, 13, 33,

196. Gaulties, Doctor, of Niort, 105. Gay, Peter, 202. Gehenna, 71. Genevieve, Ste., BibliotMque dem 6, 12. Genevieve, Ste., Abbey of, 5, 6, 25, 26, 27,

36,37. Genthe, F.W., 204, 205, 206. Gentiles, 53, 72, 164, 170, 174, 175, 178. Germany, 56. Geulincx, Arnold, 95.

Gnomes, 100, 103. Gnostics, 147. Le Gobien, Charles, 128. God, 9,17, 18, 22,51,52,53,54,58,60,

61, 68, 70-81, 82, 86, 89, 91-94, 95, 100, 103, 104, 105,107,108,109,118, 124,133,134,139,145,152,156,157, 158,159, 160, 171,176,178,180,192, 193,194,197,198,203,204,205,216, 220; God and Nature, Spinoza and de Vallone, 161-164.

Golden Rule, The, 170. Gourland, Prior of St. Martin de Troyes, 25. Grace, 13, 14, 22, 23, 43, 46, 52, 53, 54,

57, 85, 116, 152; Cuppe, 190; Militaire Philosophe, 198.

Grand Siecle, 10, 12, 227. Gravi1le, House of, 25. Gray, J., 144. Greeks, 52. Gregory of Nazianzen, St., 138, 153. Gregory of Nyssa, St., 80, 149, 153. Grew, Nehemiah, 99, 224. Grotius, 138, 147, 148, 149, 230.

Haag, E. and E., 6. The Hague, 7, 36, 50, 56, 62. Consistory of The Hague, 60. 61. Synod of The Hague, 57, 60. Hautefeuille, Visitor of Britanny, 18, 19,

26, 27, 28, 30, 31. Heilbronn, College of, 34. Hell, 47, 72, 85, 86,89,103,180,190,229. Hellenism and Jewish Ideas, 176, 178. Hermes Trismegistus, 101, 102. Heusden, Synod of, 60. Hick, John, 176. Hiercites, 152. Hippocrate a Damagete, Lettre de, 3. Histoire de la Conversion de M de Vallone,

8, 14, 16, 37, 38, 49, 56, 111, 112, 113, 154, 227.

Histoire des Ouvrages des Savants, 55. Hobbes, Thomas, 123, 124,225. Hofburg, The, 223. Hohendorf, Baron von, 3, 4, 5, 63, 71, 88,

164,182,183,205,206,223. Hona, Count, 35, 36. Hottentots, 53. Hulst, Burgomaster of The Hague, 205. Hume, David, 40n, 217, 224. Huguenots, 12, 13, 16, 225. Hypostatic Union, 19, 44.

Ignatius of Loyala, St., 205. Illustres Fran~aises, 195. Imagination, 156, 157. Immaterial Being; Spirits; "Inferior Intelli­

gences", 41, 42, 61, 68, 73, 82, 85, 86, 95, 103, 194, 211; God, 176; See "Soul".

Immortality, 68, 83, 85, 86, 89, 96-99, 221,213,214,221,229.

Imposteurs, Les Trois, 3, 202, 203; Hatred of Christ, 202; The Scriptures, 202, 203; and Spinoza, 203, 225; Authorship of, 201,202, 209.

Impostoribus, De Tribus, 203-208; Legend and Exemplars of, 203, 204, 205, 206; First Part; Arguments against existence of God, 204, 205; Arguments against Christianity, Islam and Judaism, 205, 206: Second Part; Attack on Moses, Mohammed and Christ, 206, 207: Third Fragment, 207: Authorship, 207, 208.

Imposturis Religionum, De, (First and ear­liest part of De Tribus Impostoribus) 3, 204-206,207,208.

Indulgences, 45. Innate Judgment (in Militaire Philosophe),

196. Inspiration, 148, 16l. Intelligence, The Supreme, 71, 72, 73, 74,

75, 95, 98, 103, 113, 114, 125, 126, 168,172.

Irenaus, St., 85,96, 146. Isaiah, 166.

Jablonski, D.E., Minister at the Court of Russia, 35, 36.

Jaques de Montfort, St., Prior of, 32. James, M.R., 230. Jansenism, 12, 13, 18, 23, 26, 30,31,32,

49, 55, 56, 60, 117, 121, 189, 198, 225,226.

Jansenius, 13, 18. Jerome, St., 47, 97, 99, 104, 147, 148,

149. Jerusalem, Destruction of, 172. Jesuits, 14, 19, 23, 120-122, 128, 224,

225,226. Jews, 45, 46, 47, 72, 89, 90, 135, 136,

143, 145, 156, 159, 160, 161, 164, 167, 169, 170, 172, 175, 178, 192, 202, 205, 216, 225.

John, St., 17,39,68,79,81,113,175,176, 177, 178, 230.

John of Jerusalem, 99. Joseph, St., 167, 169.

243

Josephus, Flavius, 102, 148, 160, 166, 167n.

Journal d'un Vaoyage aux Indes Orientales, 195.

Justification, 44, 152; See "Redemption." Justin, St., 79, 85, 96, 104, 136, 176, 177. Jurieu, P., 147.

Kant, I., 215n. Koran, The, 207. Lactantius, 42. Laodicea, Council of, 153. Languedoc, Lower, 19. Latin Poets, 187. Laufer, Roger, 99. Law, Edmund, Bishop of Carlisle, 172. Law of Nature, 47,51,68, 116, 133, 159,

160,17~ 179,181,203. Leibniz, G.W., 63, 142, 197,205,208,216,

223,224,225, 229. Lentulus, 166, 167n. Lettres de Leucippe a Thrasibule, 215-219;

Authorship, 215, 216; Advantages and disa:dvantages of Religion, 216; Argu­ments for the existence of God, 216, 217; Determinism, 217; Error, about atomism, 217, about Abstract Ideas, 217,218; Atheistic Agnosticism of, 218; Style, 217, 218; Contrast with de Vallone, 218, 219.

Leyden, Church of, 57, 60. . Limbo, 48. Liturgy for the dying, 95. Livy, 75. Locke, John, 87n, 118, 133,216,221,225. Logos, The, 79, 168, 175, 176, 177, 178,:

See "Word". Louis XII, 15. Louis XIV, 13, 24, 25, 30. Loos, Cornelius, 98. Luther, 152, 179. Lutheranism, 34, 37, 50, 168, 179, 224,

226.

Madelin, L., 224. Magi, 75, 158. Magic, 42,100-102,167. Magical Births, 102. Magistrate, The, 124. Mahomet, 54. Maldonatus, 138, 149.

Ignatius of Loyala, St., 205. Illustres Fran~aises, 195. Imagination, 156, 157. Immaterial Being; Spirits; "Inferior Intelli­

gences", 41, 42, 61, 68, 73, 82, 85, 86, 95, 103, 194, 211; God, 176; See "Soul".

Immortality, 68, 83, 85, 86, 89, 96-99, 221,213,214,221,229.

Imposteurs, Les Trois, 3, 202, 203; Hatred of Christ, 202; The Scriptures, 202, 203; and Spinoza, 203, 225; Authorship of, 201,202, 209.

Impostoribus, De Tribus, 203-208; Legend and Exemplars of, 203, 204, 205, 206; First Part; Arguments against existence of God, 204, 205; Arguments against Christianity, Islam and Judaism, 205, 206: Second Part; Attack on Moses, Mohammed and Christ, 206, 207: Third Fragment, 207: Authorship, 207, 208.

Imposturis Religionum, De, (First and ear­liest part of De Tribus Impostoribus) 3, 204-206,207,208.

Indulgences, 45. Innate Judgment (in Militaire Philosophe),

196. Inspiration, 148, 16l. Intelligence, The Supreme, 71, 72, 73, 74,

75, 95, 98, 103, 113, 114, 125, 126, 168,172.

Irenaus, St., 85,96, 146. Isaiah, 166.

Jablonski, D.E., Minister at the Court of Russia, 35, 36.

Jaques de Montfort, St., Prior of, 32. James, M.R., 230. Jansenism, 12, 13, 18, 23, 26, 30,31,32,

49, 55, 56, 60, 117, 121, 189, 198, 225,226.

Jansenius, 13, 18. Jerome, St., 47, 97, 99, 104, 147, 148,

149. Jerusalem, Destruction of, 172. Jesuits, 14, 19, 23, 120-122, 128, 224,

225,226. Jews, 45, 46, 47, 72, 89, 90, 135, 136,

143, 145, 156, 159, 160, 161, 164, 167, 169, 170, 172, 175, 178, 192, 202, 205, 216, 225.

John, St., 17,39,68,79,81,113,175,176, 177, 178, 230.

John of Jerusalem, 99. Joseph, St., 167, 169.

243

Josephus, Flavius, 102, 148, 160, 166, 167n.

Journal d'un Vaoyage aux Indes Orientales, 195.

Justification, 44, 152; See "Redemption." Justin, St., 79, 85, 96, 104, 136, 176, 177. Jurieu, P., 147.

Kant, I., 215n. Koran, The, 207. Lactantius, 42. Laodicea, Council of, 153. Languedoc, Lower, 19. Latin Poets, 187. Laufer, Roger, 99. Law, Edmund, Bishop of Carlisle, 172. Law of Nature, 47,51,68, 116, 133, 159,

160,17~ 179,181,203. Leibniz, G.W., 63, 142, 197,205,208,216,

223,224,225, 229. Lentulus, 166, 167n. Lettres de Leucippe a Thrasibule, 215-219;

Authorship, 215, 216; Advantages and disa:dvantages of Religion, 216; Argu­ments for the existence of God, 216, 217; Determinism, 217; Error, about atomism, 217, about Abstract Ideas, 217,218; Atheistic Agnosticism of, 218; Style, 217, 218; Contrast with de Vallone, 218, 219.

Leyden, Church of, 57, 60. . Limbo, 48. Liturgy for the dying, 95. Livy, 75. Locke, John, 87n, 118, 133,216,221,225. Logos, The, 79, 168, 175, 176, 177, 178,:

See "Word". Louis XII, 15. Louis XIV, 13, 24, 25, 30. Loos, Cornelius, 98. Luther, 152, 179. Lutheranism, 34, 37, 50, 168, 179, 224,

226.

Madelin, L., 224. Magi, 75, 158. Magic, 42,100-102,167. Magical Births, 102. Magistrate, The, 124. Mahomet, 54. Maldonatus, 138, 149.

244

Malebranche, N., 4,10,18,42,59,74,77, 78,82,84,95,96,104,110,113,187, 193,195,196,197,223,224,227.

Manasseh, 144. Mancini, Hortense, 4, 61, 87. Manichees, 75,85,97,180. Manuscripts, Clandestine, 8, 61, 63, 203,

204,206; 189 sq. See Wade, Prof. 1.0. Marchand, Prosper, 203, 205. Marcionites, 150, 151. Marcus Aurelius, 196. Marlay, Fran\;ois de Champ-Vallon, Arch-

bishop of Paris, 13, 28, 30, 31. Marsac, de (soubriquet), 18. Martel, M., 34, 35, 36, 38. Martin de Troyes, St., Abbey of, 25. Mary, The Mother of Jesus, 167, 168,178. Mass, The, 47. Materialism, 105, 193,214. Matter, 70, 71, 73, 82, 85, 86, 93, 95;

Eternity of, 71, 85, 87, 88, 92,93. Mayer, Dr., 205, 207, 208. Me1chizedech, 147, 161. Me1chizedechians, 152. Meslier, Jean, 68, 106, 118, 189,190-195,

201, 218, 225, 227; Forced into Ecclesi­astical Life, 191; Hatred of Mass and Sacraments, 191; Crypto-atheism, 191; Charges against priestly conduct, 191; Hatred of Social order, 191-193, 194; Hatred of Religion and Christ, 191-192; Materialism, 193, 194; Contrast with de Vallone, 194, 195; Testament, 68,191-195; Notes on Fenelon's Demonstration de ['Existence de Dieu, 191.

Metaphysics, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,220. Metempsychosis, 4, 82, 84, 86, 89, 90, 96,

103,126,178,188,211,212,226,230. Milennarianists, 86. Militaire Philosophe, Le, 188, 195-210;

Reason, 196; God and Nature, 197, 198; Miracles, 197; God and Creatures, 198, 199; Freedom in God and Man, 198, 199; Scripture, 199; Christ, 199; Deism, 199, 200; Similarrities to and Differences from de Vallone, 200; Au­thorship, see "Challe, Robert".

Mirabeau, Jean Baptiste de, 188, 189, 211. Miracles, 46,158,159,160,197,209,214,

220,225. Mohammedans, 74,153,205. Monita Secreta, 121n. Montbeliard, 34.

Montenay, R.P.J. de, General of the Con­gregation de France, 29, 30, 32.

Montfaucon, Nicolas Pierre Villars de, 99, 104.

Morin, Frano;ois, General of the Congrega­tion de France, 12, 18, 20, 23-31, passim.

Morl, G.P., 50, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59. Moses, 142, 143, 157, 158,159,160,162-

164,202,206,211,219,225. Muller, J.J., 227. Muller, Johannes, 208. Mysteries, 54, 117, 132, 220; See "Truths

above Reason."

Nabi,155. Nantes, Edict of, 13. Nature, 9, 22,47,61,72,73,74,76,77,78,

79, 89,91,94,100,103,105-110,118, 119, 128, 133, 142, 156,159,161,197, 203: God and Nature, Spinoza and de Vallone, 161-164.

Natural Light, 38, 39, 113, 114. Natural Religion, 195, 227. Nature, Book of, 53, 72, 107, 133, l39,

142. Nazarene Gospel, l3 8. Nehemiah, 44,145. Neoplatonism, 59,80,98. Nestorianism, 19,20, 20n, 44. Newton, Sir Isaac, 78,197,198,216. Nicea, Council of, 219. Noah, 43. Nouvelles de la Republique des Lettres,

55-57. Nouvelles Libertes de Penser, 120, 213. Nouveau Testament avec des Ret1exions

Morales, 13. Numa Pompilius, 101. Nuremburg,50. Nymphs, 100, 103.

"Obsequious Silence", 20n. Occasionalism, 42, 82, 84, 95, 96, 103, 109,

125, 126, 164,196, 197. Ogny, Abbey of, 33. Oldenburg, H., 210. Ontological Argument, 76. Origen, 72, 84, 85, 86, 96, 99, 187, 188,

190,230. Original Sin, 21, 23, 27. D'Ormesson, Intendant of Champgne, 24. D'Ormesson, Prior of St. Martin de Ruri-

court, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 41.

244

Malebranche, N., 4,10,18,42,59,74,77, 78,82,84,95,96,104,110,113,187, 193,195,196,197,223,224,227.

Manasseh, 144. Mancini, Hortense, 4, 61, 87. Manichees, 75,85,97,180. Manuscripts, Clandestine, 8, 61, 63, 203,

204,206; 189 sq. See Wade, Prof. 1.0. Marchand, Prosper, 203, 205. Marcionites, 150, 151. Marcus Aurelius, 196. Marlay, Fran\;ois de Champ-Vallon, Arch-

bishop of Paris, 13, 28, 30, 31. Marsac, de (soubriquet), 18. Martel, M., 34, 35, 36, 38. Martin de Troyes, St., Abbey of, 25. Mary, The Mother of Jesus, 167, 168,178. Mass, The, 47. Materialism, 105, 193,214. Matter, 70, 71, 73, 82, 85, 86, 93, 95;

Eternity of, 71, 85, 87, 88, 92,93. Mayer, Dr., 205, 207, 208. Me1chizedech, 147, 161. Me1chizedechians, 152. Meslier, Jean, 68, 106, 118, 189,190-195,

201, 218, 225, 227; Forced into Ecclesi­astical Life, 191; Hatred of Mass and Sacraments, 191; Crypto-atheism, 191; Charges against priestly conduct, 191; Hatred of Social order, 191-193, 194; Hatred of Religion and Christ, 191-192; Materialism, 193, 194; Contrast with de Vallone, 194, 195; Testament, 68,191-195; Notes on Fenelon's Demonstration de ['Existence de Dieu, 191.

Metaphysics, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,220. Metempsychosis, 4, 82, 84, 86, 89, 90, 96,

103,126,178,188,211,212,226,230. Milennarianists, 86. Militaire Philosophe, Le, 188, 195-210;

Reason, 196; God and Nature, 197, 198; Miracles, 197; God and Creatures, 198, 199; Freedom in God and Man, 198, 199; Scripture, 199; Christ, 199; Deism, 199, 200; Similarrities to and Differences from de Vallone, 200; Au­thorship, see "Challe, Robert".

Mirabeau, Jean Baptiste de, 188, 189, 211. Miracles, 46,158,159,160,197,209,214,

220,225. Mohammedans, 74,153,205. Monita Secreta, 121n. Montbeliard, 34.

Montenay, R.P.J. de, General of the Con­gregation de France, 29, 30, 32.

Montfaucon, Nicolas Pierre Villars de, 99, 104.

Morin, Frano;ois, General of the Congrega­tion de France, 12, 18, 20, 23-31, passim.

Morl, G.P., 50, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59. Moses, 142, 143, 157, 158,159,160,162-

164,202,206,211,219,225. Muller, J.J., 227. Muller, Johannes, 208. Mysteries, 54, 117, 132, 220; See "Truths

above Reason."

Nabi,155. Nantes, Edict of, 13. Nature, 9, 22,47,61,72,73,74,76,77,78,

79, 89,91,94,100,103,105-110,118, 119, 128, 133, 142, 156,159,161,197, 203: God and Nature, Spinoza and de Vallone, 161-164.

Natural Light, 38, 39, 113, 114. Natural Religion, 195, 227. Nature, Book of, 53, 72, 107, 133, l39,

142. Nazarene Gospel, l3 8. Nehemiah, 44,145. Neoplatonism, 59,80,98. Nestorianism, 19,20, 20n, 44. Newton, Sir Isaac, 78,197,198,216. Nicea, Council of, 219. Noah, 43. Nouvelles de la Republique des Lettres,

55-57. Nouvelles Libertes de Penser, 120, 213. Nouveau Testament avec des Ret1exions

Morales, 13. Numa Pompilius, 101. Nuremburg,50. Nymphs, 100, 103.

"Obsequious Silence", 20n. Occasionalism, 42, 82, 84, 95, 96, 103, 109,

125, 126, 164,196, 197. Ogny, Abbey of, 33. Oldenburg, H., 210. Ontological Argument, 76. Origen, 72, 84, 85, 86, 96, 99, 187, 188,

190,230. Original Sin, 21, 23, 27. D'Ormesson, Intendant of Champgne, 24. D'Ormesson, Prior of St. Martin de Ruri-

court, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 41.

Orobio de Castro, Balthasar Isaac, 90-92, 104.

Ovid, 84.

Pamphylian Sea, 160. Pantheism, 59, 85, 105, 109. Papias, 13 7. Paris, 18,20, 24, 25, 32, 154. Parlemnts,33. Parmenides, 84. Pascal, Blaise, 12, 121, 130, 221, 225. Patin, Guy, 98. Patriarchs, 140, 143. Patripassionism, 80. Paul of Samosata, 168. Paul, St., 53, 147, 152,169,174,175,202;

and see "Scripture". Pelagianism, 12, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 56. Persecution, Religious, 74. Persians, 75,100,101,216. Peter, St., 148, 149, 152, 175; and see

"Scripture". Peter Martyr, 99. Pharisees, 86, 90, 120, 172. Le Philosophe, 120, 221, 222. Philosophes, 8, 10, 49, 72, 102, 118, 119,

120, 121, 124, 128, 173, 188, 194n, 221,222,225,227.

Philosophers, "Ancient", 78, 79, 80, 84, 86, 92,98,229.

Philosophers, Greek, 73. Phoenicians, 135. Photinus, 168. Pigtail, 160. Pilate, 116, 167n. Pilmot (Jansenist codeword), 19. Pin, L.E. du, 167n. Pistoia, Synod of, 20n. Pius VI, Pope, 30n. Pius XII, Pope, 121. Planche, Pere de la, 24. Plastic Nature, 82, 83, 109, 197. Plato and Platonism, 9, 17,39,45,53,75,

78, 79, 81, 83,84,86,92,98,100,104, 111, 127, 143, 150,158,168,175,176, 177,178,187,220,223,226,227.

Plessis, Abbey of, 16,32,111. Pliny, 75,100. Plotinus, 80. Plutarch,101. Pollinier, Prior of Ste. Catherine de Paris,

21. Polytheism, 74, 75, 216.

Polignac, de (soubriquet), 18. Pontsel, Abbess of, 24. Port-Royal, 12, 18. Postel, William, 146, 146n.

245

Predestination, 8,43, 59, 50-63,72, 198, 226.

Problem of Evil, 187, 195; and cf. "Vice". Presser, J., 207. Pressis-Pralin, Marshall de, 25. Principe Interne, 58. Profession de Foi, of M. de Vallone, 6, 8,

37, 3~4~ 11~ 113, 114, 227. Professions, Divine, 92. Prophets and Prophecy, 139, 144, 155-

158, 174; Spinoza's idea of, 156-158; De Vallone's theory, 157, 158; Micah, Daniel, Ezekiel, Joshua, Samuel, Moses, 157; Moses, Solomon, Christ, 158; Selt also to Gen tilles, 160; Prophets and miracles, 160; Meslier, 192; Examen de la Religion, 220.

Protestant Church, 116, 153, 179, 180. Proto Evangelium of St. James, 146, 167. Providence, 71, 112, 116, 134. Prussia, Queen of, 35. Punishment, 89, 103, 124. Purgatory, 45, 47. Psychology, Human; de Vallone's Theory

of (Summary) 125, 126; See also "Occasionalism" and" Attention".

Pythagoras, 143.

Qimhi,153. Quatrains du DIHste, 129,131. Quentin, St., de Beauvais, Church of, 21. Quesnel, Pasquier, 13.

Racine, J. 225. Rashi, 153. Reason, 6, 16, 17,38, 39,44,52,53,54,

68, 94, 111, 112, 113, 114-117, 118, 125, 126, 133, 153, 161, 168, 170, 196,220,221,223,225.

Reformation, The, 205. Religion du Chretien, La; Copies of , 4;

Catalogues of Prince Eugene and Baron von Hohendorf, 5n; Authorship of, 4-8; State of Manuscript, 67, 229; Divisions of, 67, 68; Final page of Manuscript, 182, 183; Avertissement, 67, 68, 132, 227, 229; Reorganisations in course of writing, 229, 230; Ink used in, 231; Paper used in, 231; Paginations and in-

Orobio de Castro, Balthasar Isaac, 90-92, 104.

Ovid, 84.

Pamphylian Sea, 160. Pantheism, 59, 85, 105, 109. Papias, 13 7. Paris, 18,20, 24, 25, 32, 154. Parlemnts,33. Parmenides, 84. Pascal, Blaise, 12, 121, 130, 221, 225. Patin, Guy, 98. Patriarchs, 140, 143. Patripassionism, 80. Paul of Samosata, 168. Paul, St., 53, 147, 152,169,174,175,202;

and see "Scripture". Pelagianism, 12, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 56. Persecution, Religious, 74. Persians, 75,100,101,216. Peter, St., 148, 149, 152, 175; and see

"Scripture". Peter Martyr, 99. Pharisees, 86, 90, 120, 172. Le Philosophe, 120, 221, 222. Philosophes, 8, 10, 49, 72, 102, 118, 119,

120, 121, 124, 128, 173, 188, 194n, 221,222,225,227.

Philosophers, "Ancient", 78, 79, 80, 84, 86, 92,98,229.

Philosophers, Greek, 73. Phoenicians, 135. Photinus, 168. Pigtail, 160. Pilate, 116, 167n. Pilmot (Jansenist codeword), 19. Pin, L.E. du, 167n. Pistoia, Synod of, 20n. Pius VI, Pope, 30n. Pius XII, Pope, 121. Planche, Pere de la, 24. Plastic Nature, 82, 83, 109, 197. Plato and Platonism, 9, 17,39,45,53,75,

78, 79, 81, 83,84,86,92,98,100,104, 111, 127, 143, 150,158,168,175,176, 177,178,187,220,223,226,227.

Plessis, Abbey of, 16,32,111. Pliny, 75,100. Plotinus, 80. Plutarch,101. Pollinier, Prior of Ste. Catherine de Paris,

21. Polytheism, 74, 75, 216.

Polignac, de (soubriquet), 18. Pontsel, Abbess of, 24. Port-Royal, 12, 18. Postel, William, 146, 146n.

245

Predestination, 8,43, 59, 50-63,72, 198, 226.

Problem of Evil, 187, 195; and cf. "Vice". Presser, J., 207. Pressis-Pralin, Marshall de, 25. Principe Interne, 58. Profession de Foi, of M. de Vallone, 6, 8,

37, 3~4~ 11~ 113, 114, 227. Professions, Divine, 92. Prophets and Prophecy, 139, 144, 155-

158, 174; Spinoza's idea of, 156-158; De Vallone's theory, 157, 158; Micah, Daniel, Ezekiel, Joshua, Samuel, Moses, 157; Moses, Solomon, Christ, 158; Selt also to Gen tilles, 160; Prophets and miracles, 160; Meslier, 192; Examen de la Religion, 220.

Protestant Church, 116, 153, 179, 180. Proto Evangelium of St. James, 146, 167. Providence, 71, 112, 116, 134. Prussia, Queen of, 35. Punishment, 89, 103, 124. Purgatory, 45, 47. Psychology, Human; de Vallone's Theory

of (Summary) 125, 126; See also "Occasionalism" and" Attention".

Pythagoras, 143.

Qimhi,153. Quatrains du DIHste, 129,131. Quentin, St., de Beauvais, Church of, 21. Quesnel, Pasquier, 13.

Racine, J. 225. Rashi, 153. Reason, 6, 16, 17,38, 39,44,52,53,54,

68, 94, 111, 112, 113, 114-117, 118, 125, 126, 133, 153, 161, 168, 170, 196,220,221,223,225.

Reformation, The, 205. Religion du Chretien, La; Copies of , 4;

Catalogues of Prince Eugene and Baron von Hohendorf, 5n; Authorship of, 4-8; State of Manuscript, 67, 229; Divisions of, 67, 68; Final page of Manuscript, 182, 183; Avertissement, 67, 68, 132, 227, 229; Reorganisations in course of writing, 229, 230; Ink used in, 231; Paper used in, 231; Paginations and in-

246

terpolations of pages, 231, 232; Binding of Manuscript, its disorganised state, 232.

Remontrance du Sieur Jaques Bernard, 56-61.

Rennes,32. Renouard, M., 204. Renunciation, Self, 170. Repentance, 89. Reprobation; the Reprobate, 44, 47, 48,

51-63. Resurrection of the Body, 90, 96, 97. Resurrection of Christ, 149, 219. De Retz, Cardinal, 14. Revolution, The French, 15, 193, 224. RiberilJes, Gabriel de, General of the Con-

gregation de France, 32. Ricci, Matteo, 121. Richer, E., and Richerism, 13. Richte, Dr., 206. Robinson, Jacob, 189. Roman Church, The, 8, 13, 16, 17, 32, 33,

36, 46,48, 56, 63, 112, 116, 148, 153, 161, 179, 195, 224, 225, 226; Infalli­bility of, 190.

Romans, The, 47, 172, 173. "Ruagh ", 155, 156. Rufinus, 89n, 97. Ruricourt, Abbey of St. Martin de, 20,59;

See also D'Ormesson, Prior of. Rycaut, Sir Paul, 74.

Saadia, 153. Sabbaites, 143. Sabbath, The, 170, 171. SabbeJlianism, 80. Sacraments, The, 46, 47. Sacrifices, 216. Sadduccees, 86, 90. Salamanders, 100, 103. Sambethe, 164. Sandius, C., 78. Sanry, Mme, 36. Satan Romaniste (Jansenist codeword), 19. Scholasticism, 42, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 71,

73,98,109,117. Schwabach, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38. Scribes, 172. Schmid mann, Calvinist preacher; near

Nuremburg, 50. Scripture, 9, 10, 17,40,46,47,48,49,54,

55, 56, 57, 68, 72, 79, 81, 100, 102, 104, 112, 114: in La Religion, Funda-

mentalist Calvinist treatment of, 133, 134; Scripture as Law, 134, 135, Phoeni­cian and Hebrew characters used, Jewish grammarians and language, 135, 136; Corruption and confusion in, 135, 136; Copies of, 136; The Septuagint, 136, 137; The Language of the New Testa­ment, 137-139; Style of the Scriptures, 139; Authorship of Books of the Old Testament, 140-146; Repetitions in, different versions in, missing spaces in, 141; Historical value of, 136, 142; Richard Simon's theory on compiling of Old Testament, 140, 142; Official Scribes, 142, 143; Ezra's share in, 143, 144, Chronology of, 136,140,141,142, 144; Numerical errors in, 145; Real plan of Authors of, 142; The Septuagint, 136, 137, 143; The Pentateuch, 139, 140, 142, 143; Exodus, 141; Deuteronomy, 141; Joshua, 144; Samuel, 157; Books of Kings, 142; Chronicles, 144; Ezra, 145; Nehemiah, 145; Psalms, 144; Proverbsm 144; Eccesiastes, 144; Jeremiah, 144; Daniel, 145; Ezekiel, 144, 145; Hosiah, 145; Zecheriah, 145; Apochrypal Book of Enoch, 143: New Testament, copies of 136; CUITuptions and confusions in, 135, 166, 175; Apochrypha, 146-148, 151, 166, 167; Matthew, 137, 138, 166; Mark, 138, 139, 148-150, 166, 168; Luke, 150, 175; John, 139, 150, 151, 168, 175, 176; Acts, 151; Epistles of Paul, 138, 151, 152; Epistles, James, Juda, Peter II, John II, John III, 152, 153; Jude, 143; The Apocalypse, 153; I John, V, v. 7, 153; Meslier, 192; Le Militair Philo· sophe, 196: Les Trois Imposteurs, 203; De Tribus Impostoribus, Authorship of Scriptures, Absurdities in, 206, 207: Lettre de Leucippe a Thrassibule, 216: Examen de la Religion, 21: Boulain­villiers, 209, 210: Writing of Chapter on Scriptures in La Religion, 229.

Semi-Pelagianism, 14. Seneca, 53, 72, 75,147. Senlis, 18. Senlis, Prior of, 20, 23. Sentiments des Philosophes sur fa Nature de l'Ame(; Rejection of Immortality, 213,

214. Serapion, Bishop of Antioch, 146, 147.

246

terpolations of pages, 231, 232; Binding of Manuscript, its disorganised state, 232.

Remontrance du Sieur Jaques Bernard, 56-61.

Rennes,32. Renouard, M., 204. Renunciation, Self, 170. Repentance, 89. Reprobation; the Reprobate, 44, 47, 48,

51-63. Resurrection of the Body, 90, 96, 97. Resurrection of Christ, 149, 219. De Retz, Cardinal, 14. Revolution, The French, 15, 193, 224. RiberilJes, Gabriel de, General of the Con-

gregation de France, 32. Ricci, Matteo, 121. Richer, E., and Richerism, 13. Richte, Dr., 206. Robinson, Jacob, 189. Roman Church, The, 8, 13, 16, 17, 32, 33,

36, 46,48, 56, 63, 112, 116, 148, 153, 161, 179, 195, 224, 225, 226; Infalli­bility of, 190.

Romans, The, 47, 172, 173. "Ruagh ", 155, 156. Rufinus, 89n, 97. Ruricourt, Abbey of St. Martin de, 20,59;

See also D'Ormesson, Prior of. Rycaut, Sir Paul, 74.

Saadia, 153. Sabbaites, 143. Sabbath, The, 170, 171. SabbeJlianism, 80. Sacraments, The, 46, 47. Sacrifices, 216. Sadduccees, 86, 90. Salamanders, 100, 103. Sambethe, 164. Sandius, C., 78. Sanry, Mme, 36. Satan Romaniste (Jansenist codeword), 19. Scholasticism, 42, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 71,

73,98,109,117. Schwabach, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38. Scribes, 172. Schmid mann, Calvinist preacher; near

Nuremburg, 50. Scripture, 9, 10, 17,40,46,47,48,49,54,

55, 56, 57, 68, 72, 79, 81, 100, 102, 104, 112, 114: in La Religion, Funda-

mentalist Calvinist treatment of, 133, 134; Scripture as Law, 134, 135, Phoeni­cian and Hebrew characters used, Jewish grammarians and language, 135, 136; Corruption and confusion in, 135, 136; Copies of, 136; The Septuagint, 136, 137; The Language of the New Testa­ment, 137-139; Style of the Scriptures, 139; Authorship of Books of the Old Testament, 140-146; Repetitions in, different versions in, missing spaces in, 141; Historical value of, 136, 142; Richard Simon's theory on compiling of Old Testament, 140, 142; Official Scribes, 142, 143; Ezra's share in, 143, 144, Chronology of, 136,140,141,142, 144; Numerical errors in, 145; Real plan of Authors of, 142; The Septuagint, 136, 137, 143; The Pentateuch, 139, 140, 142, 143; Exodus, 141; Deuteronomy, 141; Joshua, 144; Samuel, 157; Books of Kings, 142; Chronicles, 144; Ezra, 145; Nehemiah, 145; Psalms, 144; Proverbsm 144; Eccesiastes, 144; Jeremiah, 144; Daniel, 145; Ezekiel, 144, 145; Hosiah, 145; Zecheriah, 145; Apochrypal Book of Enoch, 143: New Testament, copies of 136; CUITuptions and confusions in, 135, 166, 175; Apochrypha, 146-148, 151, 166, 167; Matthew, 137, 138, 166; Mark, 138, 139, 148-150, 166, 168; Luke, 150, 175; John, 139, 150, 151, 168, 175, 176; Acts, 151; Epistles of Paul, 138, 151, 152; Epistles, James, Juda, Peter II, John II, John III, 152, 153; Jude, 143; The Apocalypse, 153; I John, V, v. 7, 153; Meslier, 192; Le Militair Philo· sophe, 196: Les Trois Imposteurs, 203; De Tribus Impostoribus, Authorship of Scriptures, Absurdities in, 206, 207: Lettre de Leucippe a Thrassibule, 216: Examen de la Religion, 21: Boulain­villiers, 209, 210: Writing of Chapter on Scriptures in La Religion, 229.

Semi-Pelagianism, 14. Seneca, 53, 72, 75,147. Senlis, 18. Senlis, Prior of, 20, 23. Sentiments des Philosophes sur fa Nature de l'Ame(; Rejection of Immortality, 213,

214. Serapion, Bishop of Antioch, 146, 147.

Serena, Letters to, 3. Sevarambes, Histoire des, 105, 131. Simon, Renee, 202, 209, 210, 211, 212,

213,215. Simon, Richard, 9, 10, 68, 90, 101, 132-

158 passim, 162, 187, 198, 209, 219, 223, 225,22~ 229,23Q

Simon, St. (soubriquet), 18. Sin, 123-126. Socinianism, 16, 22, 23, 30, 31,37,39,49,

47,48,56,78,81. Socrates, 75, 86. Solomon, 158. Solomon, Ring of, 102. Sotheby's, 8. Souchay, 27. Soul, 9, 41, 57, 68, 71, 82-100, 211, 212,

219; See also "Immaterial Being". Soul of the World; See Anima Mundi. Spink, J.S., 73, 120, 210, 211, 213, 214,

215, 221,223. Spinoza, B. de, 9,10,41,56,74,90-94,95

96, 104, 106, 110, 132-163 passim; 174,175, 187, 198,203,207,209,210, 211,219,223,224,225,226,229,230.

Spinoza, Vie de feu M de, 3. State, The, 118, 119. Statues of Saints, 47. Straube, P., 204. Steinman, Jean, 154. Stephen, Sir Leslie, 195. Stoices, 73, 86. Stouppe, 105, 108, 226. Suarez, Francisco, 98. Subordinationism, 178. "Subsistence", 4,61,82,93,104,109,110,

187. Substantial forms, 73. Supernatural, The, 116, 117; See "Mys-

teries" and "Truths above Reason": Sutcliffe, E.F., 144. Switzerland, 34. Sybils (Cumean, Erithrean); "Sybilline"

Oracles, 164, 165, 177. Symmacus, 127. Sylphs, 100. Synagoge, The Great, 145. Syncretism, de Vallone's Christological

Theory, 164, 174.

Talleyrand, 15. Talmud, The, 143, 145, 166. Tamar, 139.

Terson, M., 60, 61. Theologians, 118. Theophilus of Antioch, 79. Theophrastus Redivivus, 3, 223. Tindal, Matthew, 125, 127, 171. Titus, 148. To!erans, Les, 21, 22, 23.

247

Toland,John,3, 117, 118, 130, 133, 214. Tout, Le Grand Tout, 4, 9, 69, 73, 74, 91,

93, 104, 105, 106, 114, 164, 177, 188,223,224,226.

Tradition, 112, 116, 179. Traite de la Liberte; Deterministic, 214. Trajan, 196, 211. Transubstantiation, 33, 198. Trent, Council of, 149. Trinity, The Blessed, 19,40,41,61,68,69,

78-81, 104, 114, 133, 153, 177, 188, 220.

Tiibingen, 34. Turks, The, 54, 74, 179, 180.

Ulm, 34. Unigenitus Papal Bull, 13, 31. United Provinces, The, 36, 62, 105, 108,

113,154. Universal consent, Argument from, 69. Universe, The, 17, 42, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76,

78, 82, 94, 103, 107, 108, 114, 126, 177, 193, 216, 229.

Unorthodoxy of de Vallone, 187, 188. Utrecht, Church of, 57, 60.

Valerien, Seminary of Mont, 24. Valignano, Alessandro, 121n. Vallone, Yves Guemadeau de; See Histoire,

Profession de Foi, Apologie (with Defence) Vow Formula, 6, 12; Hand­writing, 6, 7, 8; Letter of, 7, 8; Crypto­Calvinism of, 12, 14; of Breton birth, 14; Forced into Church, 14, 15; Joins the Congregation de France, 15; Goes to Angers for studies, 15; Meets de la Chapelle, 16; Death of his friend, 16; Meets Mme d' Angecour in Castle of Angers, 16; Goes to Plessis to study theology, 16; Reads Augustine, Plato and Scriptures, 17; Course of Studies, 17, 18; Sent to teach humanities at Senlis, 20; Alleged peril because of "Petite Eglise", 18, 20; Plans escape to England, 20; Delated by Abbot of Senlis, but sent to teach moral philosophy at St.

Serena, Letters to, 3. Sevarambes, Histoire des, 105, 131. Simon, Renee, 202, 209, 210, 211, 212,

213,215. Simon, Richard, 9, 10, 68, 90, 101, 132-

158 passim, 162, 187, 198, 209, 219, 223, 225,22~ 229,23Q

Simon, St. (soubriquet), 18. Sin, 123-126. Socinianism, 16, 22, 23, 30, 31,37,39,49,

47,48,56,78,81. Socrates, 75, 86. Solomon, 158. Solomon, Ring of, 102. Sotheby's, 8. Souchay, 27. Soul, 9, 41, 57, 68, 71, 82-100, 211, 212,

219; See also "Immaterial Being". Soul of the World; See Anima Mundi. Spink, J.S., 73, 120, 210, 211, 213, 214,

215, 221,223. Spinoza, B. de, 9,10,41,56,74,90-94,95

96, 104, 106, 110, 132-163 passim; 174,175, 187, 198,203,207,209,210, 211,219,223,224,225,226,229,230.

Spinoza, Vie de feu M de, 3. State, The, 118, 119. Statues of Saints, 47. Straube, P., 204. Steinman, Jean, 154. Stephen, Sir Leslie, 195. Stoices, 73, 86. Stouppe, 105, 108, 226. Suarez, Francisco, 98. Subordinationism, 178. "Subsistence", 4,61,82,93,104,109,110,

187. Substantial forms, 73. Supernatural, The, 116, 117; See "Mys-

teries" and "Truths above Reason": Sutcliffe, E.F., 144. Switzerland, 34. Sybils (Cumean, Erithrean); "Sybilline"

Oracles, 164, 165, 177. Symmacus, 127. Sylphs, 100. Synagoge, The Great, 145. Syncretism, de Vallone's Christological

Theory, 164, 174.

Talleyrand, 15. Talmud, The, 143, 145, 166. Tamar, 139.

Terson, M., 60, 61. Theologians, 118. Theophilus of Antioch, 79. Theophrastus Redivivus, 3, 223. Tindal, Matthew, 125, 127, 171. Titus, 148. To!erans, Les, 21, 22, 23.

247

Toland,John,3, 117, 118, 130, 133, 214. Tout, Le Grand Tout, 4, 9, 69, 73, 74, 91,

93, 104, 105, 106, 114, 164, 177, 188,223,224,226.

Tradition, 112, 116, 179. Traite de la Liberte; Deterministic, 214. Trajan, 196, 211. Transubstantiation, 33, 198. Trent, Council of, 149. Trinity, The Blessed, 19,40,41,61,68,69,

78-81, 104, 114, 133, 153, 177, 188, 220.

Tiibingen, 34. Turks, The, 54, 74, 179, 180.

Ulm, 34. Unigenitus Papal Bull, 13, 31. United Provinces, The, 36, 62, 105, 108,

113,154. Universal consent, Argument from, 69. Universe, The, 17, 42, 69, 73, 74, 75, 76,

78, 82, 94, 103, 107, 108, 114, 126, 177, 193, 216, 229.

Unorthodoxy of de Vallone, 187, 188. Utrecht, Church of, 57, 60.

Valerien, Seminary of Mont, 24. Valignano, Alessandro, 121n. Vallone, Yves Guemadeau de; See Histoire,

Profession de Foi, Apologie (with Defence) Vow Formula, 6, 12; Hand­writing, 6, 7, 8; Letter of, 7, 8; Crypto­Calvinism of, 12, 14; of Breton birth, 14; Forced into Church, 14, 15; Joins the Congregation de France, 15; Goes to Angers for studies, 15; Meets de la Chapelle, 16; Death of his friend, 16; Meets Mme d' Angecour in Castle of Angers, 16; Goes to Plessis to study theology, 16; Reads Augustine, Plato and Scriptures, 17; Course of Studies, 17, 18; Sent to teach humanities at Senlis, 20; Alleged peril because of "Petite Eglise", 18, 20; Plans escape to England, 20; Delated by Abbot of Senlis, but sent to teach moral philosophy at St.

248

Martin de Ruricourt; Quarrel with Prior of St, Martin, 20-24; Escapes to Mont Valerien, 24; Sent to St. Martin de Troyes and comes under protection of de Durbec, 25; Imprisoned for suspected Jansenism, released, tried, and sentenced to nominal penance, 26-28; Chapter­General of 1691, 28-31; His Calvinism discovered; imprisoned; released through influence of Aunt, and sent to mild restraint at Ogny, 32, 33; Escapes to Switzerland and abjures Catholocism, 34; Visits Berlin, 35, 36; Ordained as Calvinist Minister and marries, 36; Returns to his friend Martel at Schwa­bach, 36; Goes to Zwolle in United Provinces and ministers in Walloon Church at Zwolle, 36; Profession of Faith, 38-49; Quarrel with Morl and Lutherans of Nuremburg; Publishes works on Predestination, 50; Quarrels with Jaques Bernard, 56-69; Matter dealt with by Synods of Utrecht and Heusden; Bernard exonerated; De Vallone declared orthodox but ordered to be reconciled with Bernard and to publish no more anonymous libels, 60, 61; 1703-1705 presumed dates of writing La Religion; Conjectured reasons for remarkable volte·face, 62, 63, 223-227; Dies and is buried as Calvinist Minister, 7, 63; For his Theory cf. Chapter Headings and sub-headings in Table of Contents.

Valliere, Due de la, 204. Vanini, L., 74,106,107. Varro,75. Verdier, M., 26. Vespasian,102.

Veyel, Superintendent of Church at UIm, 34.

Viau, TMophile de, 105. Vincent, St., Seminary of, at Senlis, 18. Vindiciae Lutheranorum de Gratia Prae·

destination is, 50 sq. Viret, Pierre, 129. Virgil, 84. Virgin Birth, 41, 167. Virtue, 89, 103, 104; Of Christians as

opposed to that of others, 180, 181. Voltaire, 213, 224.

Wade, Prof. 1.0., 63n, 189,190,191, 194n, 201,203,210,212,213,216,219,226.

Wallone, Bibliotheq ue (Amsterdam), 7. Walloon Church, 7, 34, 36,37. Walloon Church, Archives from Rotterdam,

7. Weller, E.W., 43. Wendel, F., 43. Wilhe1msdorf, 36. Wisdom, 17, 18, 29, 114. Witchcraft,42. Word, The, 19, 79; See "Logos",

Xavier, St. Francis, 121.

Young, Frances, 176.

Zahorowski, Jerome, 121. Zoroaster, 101. Zoroastrianism, 216. Zephyrinus, Pope St., 153. Zerbst, 206. Zurich,34. Zwingli, 43. Zwolle, 7,36,61.

De licentia Superiorium Ordinis.

248

Martin de Ruricourt; Quarrel with Prior of St, Martin, 20-24; Escapes to Mont Valerien, 24; Sent to St. Martin de Troyes and comes under protection of de Durbec, 25; Imprisoned for suspected Jansenism, released, tried, and sentenced to nominal penance, 26-28; Chapter­General of 1691, 28-31; His Calvinism discovered; imprisoned; released through influence of Aunt, and sent to mild restraint at Ogny, 32, 33; Escapes to Switzerland and abjures Catholocism, 34; Visits Berlin, 35, 36; Ordained as Calvinist Minister and marries, 36; Returns to his friend Martel at Schwa­bach, 36; Goes to Zwolle in United Provinces and ministers in Walloon Church at Zwolle, 36; Profession of Faith, 38-49; Quarrel with Morl and Lutherans of Nuremburg; Publishes works on Predestination, 50; Quarrels with Jaques Bernard, 56-69; Matter dealt with by Synods of Utrecht and Heusden; Bernard exonerated; De Vallone declared orthodox but ordered to be reconciled with Bernard and to publish no more anonymous libels, 60, 61; 1703-1705 presumed dates of writing La Religion; Conjectured reasons for remarkable volte·face, 62, 63, 223-227; Dies and is buried as Calvinist Minister, 7, 63; For his Theory cf. Chapter Headings and sub-headings in Table of Contents.

Valliere, Due de la, 204. Vanini, L., 74,106,107. Varro,75. Verdier, M., 26. Vespasian,102.

Veyel, Superintendent of Church at UIm, 34.

Viau, TMophile de, 105. Vincent, St., Seminary of, at Senlis, 18. Vindiciae Lutheranorum de Gratia Prae·

destination is, 50 sq. Viret, Pierre, 129. Virgil, 84. Virgin Birth, 41, 167. Virtue, 89, 103, 104; Of Christians as

opposed to that of others, 180, 181. Voltaire, 213, 224.

Wade, Prof. 1.0., 63n, 189,190,191, 194n, 201,203,210,212,213,216,219,226.

Wallone, Bibliotheq ue (Amsterdam), 7. Walloon Church, 7, 34, 36,37. Walloon Church, Archives from Rotterdam,

7. Weller, E.W., 43. Wendel, F., 43. Wilhe1msdorf, 36. Wisdom, 17, 18, 29, 114. Witchcraft,42. Word, The, 19, 79; See "Logos",

Xavier, St. Francis, 121.

Young, Frances, 176.

Zahorowski, Jerome, 121. Zoroaster, 101. Zoroastrianism, 216. Zephyrinus, Pope St., 153. Zerbst, 206. Zurich,34. Zwingli, 43. Zwolle, 7,36,61.

De licentia Superiorium Ordinis.