note sn form 3.doc
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a) "right red layer of gasbelow the corona, between 000km
to #000 km thick.
b) Only visible during eclipse of the sun
c) Temperature varies between $0 000 o Cand 500 000 o C
#. %&OTO'%&((a, The thinnest of all solar atmospheric layers, appro*imately #00 km thick.
b) Temperature is about +000 o C
c) This is the only part of the sun that is visible
to the human eye. t appears bright yellow during the day. This layer responsible for radiating heat
and light from the sun.
(-(-"( T&('(
The photosphere is the thinnest and the
coolest of all the solar atmospheric layer,
/hereas the corona is the thickest and thehottest.
The photosphere is the only part of the sunthat is normally visible to the human eye,
whereas the Corona and the Chromosphere
are only visible for a short duration during
a total solar eclipse.
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%&(O-(1 T&1T OCC2 1T T&(%&(O-(1 T&1T OCC2 1T T&(
'2'2!!' 1T-O'%&((' 1T-O'%&((
There are a few phenomena that occur
at the sun’s atmosphere among them
are:
PROMINENCES
SOLAR FLARES
SNSPOTS
• %rominence3
it is an e*plosion of hot gas that'hoots out from the 'un!sChromospheres, /ith shinybright light.
. t can shoot out as far as#00 to 400 thousand km andescape into outer space.
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"ut this hot gas is subseuently pulled backto the chromospheres by the gravitational
forceof the sun .
4. t also emits charged particles and ultravioletrays into outer space, it also causes a flow of windCalled solar wind.'olar wind consists of charged particles.
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'olar flares3 is a strong e*plosion
of gases that happen suddenly inthe sun!s chromospheres.
Occurs for only a few minutes Or a few hours but with
so much energy.
t occur near sunspots, its activitiesescalates when the activities of sunspots
reach a peak every $$ years.
'olar flares release charged particles like protons and electrons into outer space,
also the gamma rays and 63rays.
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'unspots 7 dark spots on the
'urface of the sun!s photosphere/ith a strong magnetic field.
2sually e*ist in groups and have
8arious si9es.
The dark spots is black in colorbecause this area has a lower
temperature :4000 oC) than its
surroundings :+000 oC).
4. This phenomenon occurs for a period of a few hours to several months.
5. The numbers of sunspots reaches a peak every $$ years
The effects of theThe effects of the
phenomena on thephenomena on the
surface of the sun onsurface of the sun onearthearth
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As the result of thesephenomena , the sun
radiates :
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RAY ! LI"E#LTRA$IOLET RAY, %!
RAY, GAMMA RAY
AN& COMIC RAY
T'AT ARE &ANGERO#TO LI$ING T'ING ON
EART'(
)( These ra*s , heat, andli+ht ener+* from the sun
also affect the eather
and communication on
earth(
Char+ed particles as a result of solar flares reach the North pole or the southpole of the earth and collide ith +as molecules in the atmosphere(
As a result, colourful li+hts that consist of +reen, *ello and red li+hts are
produced(
These li+ht that can -e seen at ni+ht are called aurora(
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It is -elie.ed that the
/uantit* of heat ener+*
recei.ed -* earth
increases hen phenomena
li0e prominences, solar
flares and sunspots occur(
The char+ed particles and
radiation from the sun also
influence the eather and
climate on earth(
The char+ed particle andradiation from the sun li0e
cosmic ra*s, !ra*s and
+amma ra*s ill collide
ith particles in theearth1s atmosphere(
This causes distur-ance to
the communications s*stem
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-roadcasts, tele+raph
transmission and telephone
calls(
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