notes 2 chapter 5. the nile river valley two civilizations developed along the nile river. egypt...
TRANSCRIPT
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Notes 2
Chapter 5
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The Nile River Valley
• Two civilizations developed along the Nile River .
• Egypt developed along the northern part of the Nile River valley.
• Kush developed along the far southern part of the Nile River valley.
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Valley Civilization
• In 5000 B.C., hunters and gathers from the drier areas of Africa and Southwest Asia began to move into the Nile River Valley.
• These people were the earliest Egyptians and Kushites.
• The earliest Egyptians lived in the northern region of the Nile valley.
• They called their land Kemet which means “black land”.
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The Gift of the River
• Ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile for drinking water and bathing.
• The river also supplied water from crops. • The Egyptians referred the Nile as “the creator
of all good”.• The Nile is the longest river in the world
flowing at 4,000
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A Protected Land
• The Nile borders the largest deserts in the world.• West- Libyan Desert• East- Eastern Desert• Egyptians referred to these deserts as the “Red Land”.
• In addition to the deserts, other physical features
protected Egypt from outsiders. Such as delta marshes in the north, and cataracts to the south.
• These physical features helped Egypt develop peacefully.
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Predictable Floods
• Flooding along the Nile was common for both Egypt and Mesopotamia.
• Around the middle of summer, the Nile overflowed its banks and flooded the land. Egyptians were ready to handle these floods and take advantage of this cycle.
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How Did Egyptians Farm?
• Farmers planted wheat, barley, and flax seeds.• During dry seasons, Egyptian farmers irrigated their
crops.• Egyptian farmers developed new tools to make their
work easier, such as shadoofs. • When floods washed away boundary markers that
divided one field from another, farmers used geometry to recalculate where one field began and another ended.
• Later, they used papyrus to make paper.
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How Did the Egyptians Write
• Egyptians created symbols that represented sounds, just as the letters of our alphabet do.
• A combination of sound symbols and pictures would create a complex system of writing called hieroglyphics.
• Few Egyptians knew how to read and write hieroglyphics, however men attended schools to prepare for careers as scribes in government.
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Forming Kingdoms
• The need for organized government became increasingly important as farming and trade increased.
• A government was necessary to oversee the construction and repair of irrigation ditches and dams.
• By 4000 B.C., Egypt was made up of two large kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt.
• Narmer was a king of Upper Egypt.• About 3100 B.C., Narmer conquered Lower Egypt and
married one of Lower Egypt's princesses, which unified the kingdoms.
• For the first time, all of Egypt was ruled by one king.