notes 5 – igneous rocks mrs. gordon earth science sunday, december 06, 2015
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Notes 5 – Igneous Rocks
Mrs. GordonEarth Science
Tuesday, April 18, 2023
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1. Igneous Rocks• A. Forms when molten material
cools and hardens.
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2. LocationA. Extrusive - formed
from lava on Earth's surface, cools quickly
• Examples: Basalt (dark colored, Snake River Plain, ocean floors)
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• B. Intrusive - formed from magma below Earth's surface, cools slowly• Examples: Granite (light/dark
color, Rocky Mountains, Sawtooth Mts.)
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3. Texture• A. Fine grained -
fast cooling = tiny crystals (basalt)
• B. Coarse grained - slow cooling = large crystals (granite)
• C. Porphyritic - TWO textures, due to slow cooling first then fast cooling• Magma is underground then an
ERUPTION occurs or simply movement closer to the surface
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Other Textures:• Vesicular –
spongy, many small holes or pores = pumice
• Glassy – no grains, smooth feel, sharp edges = obsidian
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•4. Mineral Composition• A. High SILICA (quartz) = light color
• B. Low SILICA (quartz) =dark color
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5. USES• A. BasaltA. Basalt - crushed to make roads• B. Obsidian - sharp tools• C. Granite - building materials• D. Pumice - cleaning materials, face wash