notes labeling periodic table - weebly
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 2: Periodic Table Periodic Law and Labeling
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The Periodic Law
When the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number,
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The Periodic Law
When the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number,
there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.
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Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)
• First to notice the element's periodic repetition of properties.
• Designed the first periodic table (in1869)
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Mendeleev
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Mendeleev
• His periodic table was arranged by atomic mass. (our current PT is arranged by atomic number)
• He was able to predict properties of undiscovered elements.
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Labeling the PT• Rows across the
PT are called periods (1-7)
• Columns down the PT are called groups or families (1-18)
Period
Column/ Family
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Period
Group/Family
1
765432
67
1142 1516 17
18
43
13
8765 1211109
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Groups/Families have 3 naming methods
• #1-18 • 1A-8A • Special family names
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1A2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
8A
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Family Number Family Name Family Number Family Name
1 Alkali Metals 15 Nitrogen Family
2 Alkaline Earth Metals 16 Oxygen Family
3-12 Main Group Transition Metals 17 Halogens
13 Boron Family 18 Noble Gases
14 Carbon Family
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Zigzag on the PT• Metalloids on the PT divide the metals
from the nonmetals.
• They form a zigzag (or staircase) on the PT. Memorize these 8 metalloids!
• Metals are on the left of the metalloids.
• Nonmetals are on the right (don’t forget hydrogen though!)
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The Eight Metalloids: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium,
Polonium, & Astatine
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What about the bottom section?
• Elements with atomic numbers 58-71 are called the Lanthanide Series. They are in period 6.
• Elements with atomic numbers 90-103 are called the Actinide Series. They are in period 7.
• These elements fit inside the main group transition metals so they are collectively called the Inner Transition Metals.
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Long Periodic TableThis is what the PT would look like if the the inner
transition metals were placed inside the main group.
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Inner Transition Metals
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The Super Seven!• Diatomic elements are
found in nature as pairs of atoms; two identical atoms bonded together.
• The super seven (diatomic elements) are H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, & I2
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Phases!
• 2 liquids
• 11 gases (don’t forget hydrogen!)
• the remaining are solids