notes one unit two
DESCRIPTION
Notes One Unit Two. Balancing chemical equations. Making Tricycles. Tricycles are constructed from two components… Frame…. F Wheel… W FW 3. F 2. W 4. Automated Tricycle Assembly. _____ F 2 + _____ W 4 _____ FW 3 F= F= W= W=. 2. 3. 4. 4. 4. 12. 12. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Notes One Unit Two
Balancing chemical equations
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Making Tricycles• Tricycles are
constructed from two components…
• Frame…. F• Wheel… W• FW3 F2
W4
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Automated Tricycle Assembly• _____F2 + _____W4 _____FW3
F= F= W= W=
3
12 12
4
44
2
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Balancing Chemical Reactions• 1)______I2 +______N2 ______NI3
• I= I=• N= N=
• 2)______S8 +______Fe______Fe2S3
• S= S=• Fe = Fe=
• 3)______Hg2O______Hg +______O2
• Hg= Hg=• O= O=
3
6 6
2
22
1
324 24
8
1616
16
2
2 2
1
4 4
4
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Writing Chemical Equations
Qualitative Information
Quantitative Information
Reactants and products
Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
Notes Two Unit Two
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Qualitative InformationSolid, Liquid, gaseous or dissolved Chemicals.
S8(g) gas
Fe(s)Solid
H2(g)gas
Cu(l) liquid
Fe+2(aq)dissolvedO2(g) gas
P4(s) Solid
HCl(aq) dissolved
I2(c) SolidN2(g)gas
NaCl(aq)dissolved
Cl2(g) gas
Br2(l) liquid
Fe2O3(c) Solid
HCl(g) gas
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Quantitative InformationSubscriptsHow many atoms of an element that are in a compound.
Al2(CO3)3
Al= ?Two
C = ?Three
O = ?Nine
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Quantitative InformationCoefficientHow many molecules of a certain substance is present.
3Al2(CO3)3
Al2(CO3)3= ?Three
C= ?Nine
Al= ?Six
O= ?Twenty Seven
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Reactant versus Products
2H2O 2H2 + O2
Reactants on Products on
Reacts to form
left of arrow. right of arrow.
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Things to RememberWhen making formulas from names…1) The endings –ide, –ate, –ite
cation and anion lists
2) The endings –ous acid or –ic acidacid list
4) Otherwise I) Special ElementalsII) Or periodic table
3) common sense names:watercarbon dioxide
sulfur trioxidedinitrogen trioxide
NaNa22CrCr22OO77Sodium DichromateSodium Dichromate ( )_( )_NaNa+1+1 CrCr22OO77
-2-21122
Pb(SOPb(SO44))22Lead(IV) SulfateLead(IV) Sulfate ( )_( )_PbPb+4+4 SOSO44
-2-24422
SO3H2OCO2 N2O3
mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, octa, nona, deca
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Where Do We Find The Information For…oxygen… O2(g)…No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous
oxygen difluoride…OF2… Common Sense, mono, di,…
iron(II) chloride…FeCl2… ends in ide…Cation/Anion
Sulfur hexafluoride...SF6…Common Sense, mono, di,…
hydrochloric acid…HCl… ends in -ic acid or -ous acid
Iron metal….Fe(s)…No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous
nitrogen….N2(g)…No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous
Special elements, then Periodic table
Special elements, then Periodic table
Special elements, then Periodic table
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Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
• Step 1 – Word Equation
• Step 2 – Make Correct Formulas
• Step 3 – Balance the Equation
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Reaction Types1) Combustion:
hydrocarbon+ oxygen carbon dioxide + water
C5H12(l) + 8O2(g) 5 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
2) Synthesis: A + B AB
4Sn(s) + S8(c) 4SnS2(s)
3) Decomposition: AB A + B
2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)
4) Single displacement: A + BC AC + B
2Al(s) + 6H2O(l) 2Al(OH)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
5) Double displacement: AB + CD AD + CB
AgNO3(aq) + KI(aq) AgI(s) + KNO3(aq)
6) Acid-base: acid + Base Water + Salt
6HCl(aq) + 2Al(OH)3(s) 6H2O(l) + 2AlCl3(aq)
more to oneone to more
Single element
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Writing Balancing ALead(IV) nitrate solid decomposes.
Lead(IV) Nitrate Lead solid + Nitrogen gas + Oxygen gas
( )_( )_PbPb+4+4 NONO33-1-1
4411
Cation/Anion Special ElementPeriodic Table
Special ElementPeriodic Table
Special ElementPeriodic Table
Pb(NOPb(NO33))44(s)(s) Pb(s)Pb(s) ++ NN22(g)(g) ++ OO22(g)(g)
Pb=Pb= Pb=Pb=N=N= N=N=O=O= O=O=
11 11 22 66
11 1144 44
1212 1212
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Silver nitrate solution is mixed with aluminum bromide solution.
silver nitrate + aluminum bromide aluminum nitrate +
( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 NONO33-1-1
1111( )_( )_AlAl+3+3 BrBr-1-1
3311 ( )_( )_AlAl+3+3 NONO33
-1-13311
( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 BrBr-1-11111
AgNOAgNO33 ++ AlBrAlBr33 Al(NOAl(NO33)) 3 3 ++ AgBrAgBr
Ag= Ag=O= O=N= N=Al= Al=Br= Br=
33
33
3399
33
33
33
11
11
99
11
11
silver bromide
Reaction type???? Double displacement
Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions
3333
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Iron(III) oxide is mixed with aluminum powder.
Iron(III) oxide + aluminum solid aluminum oxide +
( )_( )_FeFe+3+3 OO-2-23322
AlAl ( )_( )_AlAl+3+3 OO-2-23322
FeFe
FeFe22OO33(s)(s) ++ Al(s)Al(s) AlAl22OO33(s)(s) ++ Fe(s)Fe(s)
Fe= Fe=O= O=Al= Al=
11
2233
22
2211
2233
22
22
iron solid
Reaction type???? Single displacement
Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
Special elements or periodic table
Special elements or periodic table
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Iron(III) sulfate solid is made by reacting solid sulfur with iron(III) oxide and oxygen gas.
iron(III) oxide solid + sulfur solid + oxygen gas
( )_( )_FeFe+3+3 OO-2-23322
SS88 ( )_( )_FeFe+3+3 SOSO44-2-2
3322OO22
FeFe22OO33(s)(s) ++ SS88(s)(s) + OO22(g)(g) FeFe22(SO(SO44))33(s)(s)
Fe= Fe=O= O=S= S=
88
16162424
1616
883636
24249696
2424
33
iron(III) sulfate solid
+ + 7272
Reaction type???? Synthesis
Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
Special elements or periodic table
No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
Special elements or periodic table
Cations/Anions
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Ethyl ether(C2H6O) burns.
Ethyl ether + oxygen gas Carbon dioxide gas +
C2H6O O2(g) CO2(g) H2O(l)
C2H6O ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)
C= C=H= H=O= O=
11
22
1 +1 +6 6
22
33
4 +4 +
22
3366
66
33
water
Reaction type???? Combustion
No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
Special elements or periodic table
has mono, di, tri,…
Common sense
????????
Common Sense
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Anthracene burns.
anthracene + oxygen gas Carbon dioxide gas +
C14H10 O2(g) CO2(g) H2O(l)
C14H10 ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)
C= C=H= H=O= O=
11
141410 10
1414
55
28 +28 +
1414
551010
3333
16.516.5
water
C14H10 ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)22 101028283333
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Reaction Type….?• Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+ H2(g)• Single Displacement• 4Fe(c) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(c)• Synthesis• 2Ag2O(c) 4Ag(c) + O2(g)• Decomposition• Ca(OH)2(aq)+ H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(c)+ 2H2O(l)• Double Displacement• Cu(c) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(c)• Single Displacement• Mg(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq)H2O(l) + Mg3(PO4)2(aq) • Double Displacement• Zn(s)+ AgNO3(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Ag(s)• Single Displacement• HNO3(aq)+ Ni (s) Ni(NO3)2(aq)+ H2(g) • Single Displacement• C5H12(l)+ O2(g) CO2(g)+ H2O(l)• Combustion
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Review Lab and Quiz Notes
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Lab Decomposition ReactionCopper(II) carbonate solid decomposes.
copper(II) carbonate copper(II) oxide + carbon dioxide gas
( )_( )_CuCu+2+2 COCO33-2-2
2222
Cation/Anion Cation/Anion mono, di, tri,….Common sense name
CuCOCuCO33(s)(s) CuO(s)CuO(s) ++ COCO22(g)(g)
Cu=Cu= Cu=Cu=C=C= C=C=O=O= O=O=
11 11 11
11 1111 1133 1 +1 +
We saw green powder turned black and the lime water turned white.
( )_( )_CuCu+2+2 OO-2-22222
2 2
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Silver nitrate solution is mixed with potassium chromate solution.
silver nitrate + Potassium chromatePotassium nitrate +
( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 NONO33-1-1
1111( )_( )_KK+1+1 CrOCrO44
-2-21122
( )_( )_KK+1+1 NONO33-1-1
1111
AgNOAgNO33 ++ KK22CrOCrO44 KNOKNO33 ++ AgAg22CrOCrO44
Ag= Ag=O= O=N= N=K= K=Cr= Cr=
22
22
226 +__6 +__
22
11
22
22
22
__+ 4__+ 4
22
11
silver chromate
Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions
( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 CrOCrO44-2-2
1122
6644
1111
Lab Double Displacement Reaction
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Magnesium is heated in a crucible. A grey ash is produced
Magnesium solid + Oxygen gas Magnesium oxide solid
( )_( )_MgMg+2+2 OO-2-22222
Special ElementPeriodic Table
Special ElementPeriodic Table
Mg(s)Mg(s) ++ OO22(g)(g) MgOMgO (s)(s)
Mg=Mg= Mg=Mg=O=O= O=O=
22 11 22
22 2222 22
Lab Synthesis Reaction
Cation/AnionsNo ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
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Magnesium is heated in a crucible. A grey ash is produced
Magnesium solid + nitrogen gas Magnesium nitride solid
( )_( )_MgMg+2+2 NN-3-32233
Special ElementPeriodic Table
Special ElementPeriodic Table
Mg(s)Mg(s) ++ NN22(g)(g) MgMg33NN2 2 (s)(s)
Mg=Mg= Mg=Mg=N=N= N=N=
33 11 11
33 3322 22
Lab Synthesis Reaction
Cation/AnionsNo ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
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Hydrochloric acid is mixed with zinc solid.
Hydrochloric acid + Zinc solid zinc chloride +
( )_( )_ZnZn+2+2 ClCl-1-12211
HCl(aq)HCl(aq) ++ Zn(s)Zn(s) ZnClZnCl22(s)(s) ++ HH22(g)(g)
H= H=Cl= Cl=Zn= Zn=
22
2222
22
1111
1122
11
11
hydrogen gas
Common Acids No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…
Special elements or periodic table
Special elements or periodic table
Lab Single Displacement Reaction
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CONCLUSIONS AND QUESTIONS:1. Why did the mass increase during the burning of the magnesium in
part A?
2. What is the difference between a physicalreaction and a chemical reaction?
Oxygen and nitrogen from the air combined with the magnesium. This caused the weight to increase.
An example of a physical change is water ice(H2O) An example of a chemical change is 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + 1O2(g).melting to liquid water(H2O).
Formulas change in a chemical reaction.
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Acetone burns.
Acetone + oxygen gas Carbon dioxide gas +
C3H6O ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)
C= C=H= H=O= O=
11
33
1 +__1 +__6 6
33
33
6 + __6 + __
33
3366
88
44
water
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Reaction TypesMg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
4Fe(c) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(c)
2Ag2O(c) 4Ag(c) + O2(g)
Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(c) + 2H2O(l)
Cu(c)+ 2AgNO3(aq)Cu(NO3)2(aq)+ 2Ag(c)
C5H12(l) + 8O2(g) 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
BaCO3(s) + C(s) + H2O(l) 2CO(g) + Ba(OH)2(s)
Single Displacement
Synthesis
Decomposition
Acid/Base
Single Displacement
Combustion
??????