notes taken from gillette’s designing with light
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light
![Page 2: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Atoms are the smallest complete building block in nature Atoms are made up
of:Protons - positive
chargeElectrons - negative
chargeNeutrons - neutral
charge
![Page 3: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A stable atom # of electrons in
orbit around the nucleus = # of protons in the nucleus
Ie. Hyrdrogen
Electron
Nucleus
![Page 4: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Law of Charges Like charges repel and unlike charges attract
Two protons would defy attempts to be close togetherSame with electrons
An electron and proton would stick together
![Page 5: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Valence shell: the outermost plane of orbiting electrons in the structure of an atom Weak force holds electron in orbit
Free electrons: an electron that has broken away from its “home” atom to float free Copper
![Page 6: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Electrical current The flow or movement of electrons through a
conductor
![Page 7: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ampere: the unit of measurement of electrical current
Potential: the difference in electrical charge between two bodies; measured in volts
Volt: the unit of measurement of electrical potential
![Page 8: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
There are two types of electrical current: Direct current (DC)
The flow of electrons in one direction. AKA: Batteries
Short distances
![Page 9: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
There are two types of electrical current: Alternating current (AC)
Transmitted over long distances The flow of electrons is reversed on a periodic
basis. Utility companies
http://www.answers.com/topic/alternating-current
![Page 10: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3 parts Source: the origin of electrical potential
battery or 120-volt wall outlet Load: a device that converts electrical energy
into another form of energy Lamp or motor
Circuit: a conductive path through which electricity flows Wire or cable
![Page 11: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Series In a series circuit all of the electricity flows
through every element of the circuit
If any of the loads don’t work then the circuit will be broken, the electricity won’t flow, and the remaining loads won’t work either
![Page 12: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Series
www.berkeleypoint.com/images/series.jpg
![Page 13: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parallel In a parallel circuit only a portion of the
electricity flows through each of the branches of the circuit
If one load on a circuit doesn’t work then the electricity will continue to flow in the rest of the circuit and the other loads will continue to work
![Page 14: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Parallel
www.berkeleypoint.com/images/series.jpg
![Page 15: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Combination Circuit Combines the principles of the two primary
circuits. Any electrical circuit that uses a switch to
control a load is an example of a combination circuit.
![Page 16: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ohm’s Law As voltage increases, current increases; as
resistance increases, current decreases Resistance
Opposition to electron flow within a conductor Depends on chemical makeup Measured in Ohm’s
Low-voltage systems
![Page 17: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ohm’s Law I=current in amperes E=voltage in volts R=resistance in ohms
I=E/R E=IR R=E/I
![Page 18: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Power Formula Higher voltage Watts
Unit of measurement of power required to do work
Amount of electrical energy converted or consumed
Converted into light, heat or mechanical energy
![Page 19: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Power Formula “PIE” P=power in watts I=current in amperes E=voltage in volts
![Page 20: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Power Formula “PIE”
P=power in watts I=current in
amperes E=voltage in volts
P=IE
West Virginia W=power in watts V=voltage in volts A=current in
amperes
W=VA
![Page 21: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dimmer Voltage = 120VAC Dimmer can handle 20 amperes of
current What is the maximum safe load that can
be placed on this dimmer
![Page 22: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How many 575W instruments can you plug into a 2400W dimmer with cable that can carry 20 amperes of current?
![Page 23: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
How many 750W instruments can you plug into a 2400W dimmer with cable that can carry 20 amperes of current?
![Page 24: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
System Voltage = 120VAC 14 gauge cable connecting the
instruments can carry 15 amperes How many 500 watt instruments can be
loaded onto a dimmer?
![Page 25: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Conductor Any material with an abundance of free
electrons Water, copper, silver, gold, aluminum
Insulator Any material with few free electrons Air, glass, paper, rubber, most plastics
![Page 26: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Created when a large SURGE of current causes a portion of the conductor to explosively melt
![Page 27: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Provides a low resistance path for the electricity to follow in case of a short circuit between the hot wire and the devices metallic housing
http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/physics17/chapter8/plugwithground.jpg
![Page 28: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Electrical cable containing hot, neutral and ground wires
Connects lighting instrument to the power source
![Page 29: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Plug Male portion of a connecting device
Receptacle Female portion of a connecting device
![Page 30: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Many hand tools do not have ground pins Instead they have an outer plastic
insulation that protects you from a short circuit
![Page 31: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The grounding point Usually a metal rod driven into the
ground or an underground metal water pipe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HomeEarthRodAustralia1.jpg
![Page 32: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
HOT = BLACK, occasionally RED GROUND = GREEN NEUTRAL = WHITE
![Page 33: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Greater current in system than it was designed to handle
Fuse and circuit breaker protects from overload Must have matching amperage as system
![Page 34: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Fuse Contains a soft metallic strip that melts when
the current exceeds what the system is designed for
Must be replaced when “blown”
http://www.m-99.co.uk/Car_Audio/Car_Fuses/gold_fuse.jpg images/jpegs/fuse30a.jpgimages.orgill.com/200x200/4180923.jpg
![Page 35: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Circuit Breaker Like a switch Bimetal strip flexes to trip circuit if overloaded
cache.smarthome.com/images/7103.jpg
![Page 36: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1. If you don’t know what you are doing, don’t do it. Ask for help.
![Page 37: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
2. Use tools covered with plastic or rubber insulation
![Page 38: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
3. Use wooden or fiberglass ladders
![Page 39: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
4. Disconnect device from circuit before you work on it.
![Page 40: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
5. Use common senseDon’t touch bare wiresDon’t work in damp locations or put drink where it could spill
Don’t intentionally overload circuit
Don’t try to bypass fuse or circuit breaker
![Page 41: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
6. Maintain ground circuits
![Page 42: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
7. Check cables and connectors periodically. Replace cracked, chipped or deteriorating equipment
![Page 43: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
8. Keep cables and connectors clean.
![Page 44: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
9. Store cables neatly with ends plugged together and tied
![Page 45: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
10. Disconnect plug by pulling on body of plug.
![Page 46: Notes taken from Gillette’s Designing with Light](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102809/56649efc5503460f94c0ef33/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
11. Ensure all elements have same electrical rating.