word phrase clause - while he was studying chemistry - the man standing over there - space Clause

-Where she went is none of your business. -An antecedent is a word to which a pronoun refers. - The man who lives in the apartment next to mine has three cats and a dog. - Please tell me when Tom will be here. -Anya listened to some music while she was working at her computer. - Before I go to bed I always brush my teeth. -Paul who died two weeks ago of a sudden heart attack was a kind and loving man. - I clearly remember the day that I rode a bike for the first time. - I wonder if the mail has arrived. -Pedro said that he would help me.

Noun / Noun clause Subject Object

- That man went to a secret place. - Where that man went is a secret. - I couldn’t hear anything. - I couldn’t hear what the teacher said. - No one knows that place. - No one knows where Tom went. - Happiness is very important for me. - What my family thinks of me is very important for me.

Adjective / Adjective clause - Tell me about the rich people. - Tell me about the people who you visited yesterday. - Do you see those beautiful pictures? - Do you see the pictures which the photographer took? - The woman whose wallet was stolen called the police. - The woman that I spoke to gave me good advice. - The music we listened to last night was very good.

Read the following sentences and choose which one is Noun clause or Adjective clause

1. I always pay attention to what other people think of me.

2. He has a friend who’d like to help him.

3. The children that the Smiths adopted are from three different countries.

4. I return the money which I had borrowed from my roommate.

5. Do you want to see the picture which the

photographer took?

6. What my family thinks of me is very important to

me.

7. I don’t know where Marco is.

8. Yesterday I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for years.

9. Jennifer said that she would help me.

10. Let me know if you finished the sales report.

Noun Clause 1. Beginning with a question Words ( P. 244 ) - I don’t know where she lives. - I couldn’t hear what he said. - Please tell me where you live. - What they should do is obvious. - Why they left the country is a secret.

- What we are doing in class is easy.

2.Beginning with whether or if ( P.249) - I don’t know whether she will come. - I wonder if she will come or not - Whether she comes or not is unimportant to me.

3.Report Speech - He said that he would help me. - John want to know if/whether I was hungry. -My mother wondered where everyone was. -He asked me if I need a pen.

4.Question Words Followed by Infinitive ( to+ verb 1) ( P. 252 )

Sally told me when I should come. Sally told me when to come. The plumber told me how I could fix the leak in the sink. The plumber told me how to fix the leak in the sink.

5. Beginning with that ( P. 253 ) - I think that Bob will come. - Jan is happy that Bob called. - It’s fact that the world is round. - That Ann likes her new job is clear.

The examples of Adjective clause

-The man about whom I was telling you is standing over there. - The man (whom) I met teaches chemistry. - That’s the boy whose parents you met. - The building where he lives is very old. - The building in which he lives is very old. - I’ll never forget the day when I met you. - Please tell me when I should come. (N. clause)

- The professor who teaches Chemistry is an excellent lecturer. - The professor Wilson, who teaches

Chemistry ,is an excellent lecturer.

Underline Adjective Clause

1. I return the money which I had borrow from my

roommates.

2. Yesterday I ran into an old friend I hadn’t seen for years.

3. We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.

4. The elevator is out of order, which is too bad.

5.People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.

6. The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.

Combine the sentences by using Adjective clause A .The man has three cats and a dog. B. The man lives in the apartment next to mine. …………………………………………………………………………………… A Rice is a staple food throughout much of the world. B. We had rice for dinner last night. …………………………………………………………………………………. A. I apologized to man. B I spilled his coffee. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

Change these sentences into Adjective phrase. 1. Do you know the man who is singing on the stage? 2. Those reports which were checked by him are good. 3. The area which was covered by snow is dangerous. 4.I am telling you about the woman who is standing at the corner. 5. We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain. 6. Mercury, which is the nearest planet to the sun, is also the smallest of the planets which orbit our sun. 7. Corn was one of the agriculture products that was introduced to European settlers. 8. The students who want to go on the trip should inform the office.

Answer: 1. Do you know the man singing on the stage? 2. Those reports checked by him are good. 3. The area covered by snow is dangerous. 4.I am telling you about the woman standing at the corner. 5. We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain. 6. Mercury, the nearest planet to the sun, is also the smallest of the planets orbiting our sun. 7. Corn was one of the agriculture products introduced to European settlers. 8. The students wanting to go on the trip should inform the office.

Adverb clause

•While I was sitting at my desk, I fell asleep.

•Before I went into the theater, I turned off

my cell phone.

* After he had finished his homework, Peter

went to bed.

* Because she was unable to afford a car. She bought a bicycle.

Reduction of adverb clauses

While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

…………………………………………………………

Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

………………………………………………………..

Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends.

………………………………………………………….

After Peter finished his homework, he went to bed.

………………………………………………………..

Because he lacked the necessary qualifications, he

was not considered for the job.

…………………………………………………………

Because I had seen that movie before, I didn’t want

to go again.

…………………………………………………………….

Change the adverb clauses to modifying adverbial phrases.

1.While I was driving to my grandparents’

house last night, I saw a young woman who was selling flowers.

2.Because Mrs. Romero is a widow with

three children, she has no choice but to work

3. Because I had guessed at the answers for

most of the test, I didn’t expect to get a

high score.

4. Because Elena had broken her arm in a

fall, she had to learn to write with her left

hand.

5. While Lisa was lying on her bed in peace

and quiet, she soon forgot her troubles.

6. Because the children had nothing to do, they

were bored.

7. Since he completed his bachelor’s degree, he

has had three jobs, each one better than the

last.

8. While Anna was keeping one hand on the

steering wheel, she paid the bridge toll with her free hand.

9. Because she was unable to afford a car,

she bought a bicycle.

10. After we left the theater, we stopped at

a coffee shop for a late-night snack.