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Novas Atividades: 73 (FUVEST 2014 - Primeira Fase) To live the longest and healthiest life possible, get smarter. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data show that past a certain threshold, health and wealth are just weakly correlated. However, overall health is closely tied to how many years people spend in school. Mexico, for instance, has a fifth the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, but, for women, more than 50 percent of the latter’s schooling. In line with the trend, Mexico’s female adult mortality rate is only narrowly higher. Vietnam and Yemen have roughly equivalent per capita GDP. Yet Vietnamese women average 6.3 more years in school and are half as likely to die between the ages of 15 and 60. “Economic growth is also significantly associated with child mortality reductions, but the magnitude of the association is much smaller than that of increased education,” comments Emmanuela Gakidou, IHME’s director of education and training. “One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent.” Discover, May 31, 2013. Adaptado. De acordo como texto, “about 10 percent lower mortality rates” é resultado de “10 percent increase in GDP”. “child mortality reductions”. “equivalent per capita GDP”. “economic growth”. “one year of schooling”. 72 (FUVEST 2014 - Primeira Fase) To live the longest and healthiest life possible, get smarter. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data show that past a certain threshold, health and wealth are just weakly correlated. However, overall health is closely tied to how many years people spend in school. Mexico, for instance, has a fifth the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, but, for women, more than 50 percent of the latter’s schooling. In line with the trend, Mexico’s female adult mortality rate is only narrowly higher. Vietnam and Yemen have roughly equivalent per capita GDP. Yet Vietnamese women average 6.3 more years in school and are half as likely to die between the ages of 15 and 60. “Economic growth is also significantly associated with child mortality reductions, but the magnitude of the association is much smaller than that of increased education,” comments Emmanuela Gakidou, IHME’s director of education and training. “One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent.”

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Novas Atividades:

73 (FUVEST 2014 - Primeira Fase) To live the longest and healthiest life possible, get smarter. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data show that past a certain threshold, health and wealth are just weakly correlated. However, overall health is closely tied to how many years people spend in school. Mexico, for instance, has a fifth the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, but, for women, more than 50 percent of the latter’s schooling.

In line with the trend, Mexico’s female adult mortality rate is only narrowly higher. Vietnam and Yemen have roughly equivalent per capita GDP. Yet Vietnamese women average 6.3 more years in school and are half as likely to die between the ages of 15 and 60. “Economic growth is also significantly associated with child mortality reductions, but the magnitude of the association is much smaller than that of increased education,” comments Emmanuela Gakidou, IHME’s director of education and training. “One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent.”

Discover, May 31, 2013. Adaptado.

De acordo como texto, “about 10 percent lower mortality rates” é resultado de

• “10 percent increase in GDP”.

• “child mortality reductions”.

• “equivalent per capita GDP”.

• “economic growth”.

• “one year of schooling”.

72 (FUVEST 2014 - Primeira Fase) To live the longest and healthiest life possible, get smarter. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data show that past a certain threshold, health and wealth are just weakly correlated. However, overall health is closely tied to how many years people spend in school. Mexico, for instance, has a fifth the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, but, for women, more than 50 percent of the latter’s schooling.

In line with the trend, Mexico’s female adult mortality rate is only narrowly higher. Vietnam and Yemen have roughly equivalent per capita GDP. Yet Vietnamese women average 6.3 more years in school and are half as likely to die between the ages of 15 and 60. “Economic growth is also significantly associated with child mortality reductions, but the magnitude of the association is much smaller than that of increased education,” comments Emmanuela Gakidou, IHME’s director of education and training. “One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent.”

Discover, May 31, 2013. Adaptado.

No texto, ao se comparar o México aos Estados Unidos, afirma-se que, no México,

• o produto interno bruto é equivalente a 50% do produto interno bruto dos Estados Unidos.

• os índices de mortalidade adulta vêm crescendo, nos últimos anos.

• as mulheres representam 50% da população escolarizada.

• as políticas educacionais são suficientes e estão defasadas.

• as taxas de mortalidade feminina adulta são pouco superiores às norte-americanas.

71 (FUVEST 2014 - Primeira Fase) To live the longest and healthiest life possible, get smarter. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data show that past a certain threshold, health and wealth are just weakly correlated. However, overall health is closely tied to how many years people spend in school. Mexico, for instance, has a fifth the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, but, for women, more than 50 percent of the latter’s schooling.

In line with the trend, Mexico’s female adult mortality rate is only narrowly higher. Vietnam and Yemen have roughly equivalent per capita GDP. Yet Vietnamese women average 6.3 more years in school and are half as likely to die between the ages of 15 and 60. “Economic growth is also significantly associated with child mortality reductions, but the magnitude of the association is much smaller than that of increased education,” comments Emmanuela Gakidou, IHME’s director of education and training. “One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent.”

Discover, May 31, 2013. Adaptado.

O argumento central do texto é o de que níveis mais altos de escolaridade estão diretamente relacionados a

• índices mais baixos de mortalidade.

• crescimento econômico acentuado.

• mais empregos para as mulheres.

• menores taxas de natalidade.

• melhorias nos serviços de saúde.

70 (FUVEST 2014 - Primeira Fase)

A wave of anger is sweeping the cities of the world.

The protests have many different origins. In Brazil people rose up against bus fares, in Turkey against a building project. Indonesians have rejected higher fuel prices. In the euro zone they march against austerity, and the Arab spring has become a perma-protest against pretty much everything.

Yet just as in 1848, 1968 and 1989, when people also found a collective voice, the demonstrators have much in common. In one country after another, protesters have risen up with bewildering speed. They tend to be ordinary, middle-class people, not lobbies with lists of demands. Their mix of revelry and rage condemns the corruption, inefficiency and arrogance of the folk in charge.

Nobody can know how 2013 will change the world – if at all. In 1989 the Soviet empire teetered and fell. But Marx’s belief that 1848 was the first wave of a proletarian revolution was confounded by decades of flourishing capitalism and 1968 did more to change sex than politics. Even now, though, the inchoate significance of 2013 is discernible. And for politicians who want to peddle the same old stuff, news is not good.

The Economist, June 29, 2013. Adaptado.

Ao comparar os protestos de 2013 com movimentos políticos passados, afirma-se, no texto, que

• nem sempre esses movimentos expressam anseios coletivos.

• as crenças de Marx se confirmaram, mesmo após 1848.

• as revoltas de 1968 causaram grandes mudanças políticas.

• não se sabe se os protestos de 2013 mudarão o mundo.

• mudanças de costumes foram as principais consqeuências de movimentos passados.

69 (FUVEST 2014 - Primeira Fase)

A wave of anger is sweeping the cities of the world.

The protests have many different origins. In Brazil people rose up against bus fares, in Turkey against a building project. Indonesians have rejected higher fuel prices. In the euro zone they march against austerity, and the Arab spring has become a perma-protest against pretty much everything.

Yet just as in 1848, 1968 and 1989, when people also found a collective voice, the demonstrators have much in common. In one country after another, protesters have risen up with bewildering speed. They tend to be ordinary, middle-class people, not lobbies with lists of demands. Their mix of revelry and rage condemns the corruption, inefficiency and arrogance of the folk in charge.

Nobody can know how 2013 will change the world – if at all. In 1989 the Soviet empire teetered and fell. But Marx’s belief that 1848 was the first wave of a proletarian revolution was confounded by decades of flourishing capitalism and 1968 did more to change sex than politics. Even now, though, the inchoate significance of 2013 is discernible. And for politicians who want to peddle the same old stuff, news is not good.

The Economist, June 29, 2013. Adaptado.

Segundo o texto, os protestos de 2013, em diversos lugares do mundo,

• vêm perdendo força por falhas de organização.

• questionam a atuação dos lobbies nas reivindicações das diversas classes sociais.

• condenam a corrupção e outros comportamentos inadequados da classe política.

• resultam de motivações econômicas precisas.

• têm poucos aspectos em comum.

95 (Enem 2012 - Segundo Dia) J. K. Rowling to pen first novel for adults

Author J. K. Rowling has announced plans to publish her first novel for adults, which will be “very different” from the Harry Potter books she is famous for.

The book will be published worldwide although no date or title has yet been released. “The freedom to explore new territory is a gift that Harry’s success has brought me,” Rowling said.

All the Potter books were published by Bloomsbury, but Rowling has chosen a new publisher for her debut into adult fiction. “Although I’ve enjoyed writing it every bit as much, my next book will be very different to the Harry Potter series, which has been published so brilliantly by Bloomsbury and my other publishers around the world,” she said, in a statement. “I’m delighted to have a second publishing home in Little, Brown, and a publishing team that will be a great partner in this new phase of my writing life.”

Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2012 (adaptado).

J. K. Rowling tornou-se famosa por seus livros sobre o bruxo Harry Potter e suas aventuras, adaptados para o cinema. Esse texto, que aborda a trajetória da escritora britânica, tem por objetivo

• informar que a famosa série Harry Potter será adaptada para o público adulto.

• divulgar a publicação do romance por J. K. Rowling inteiramente para adultos.

• promover a nova editora que irá publicar os próximos livros de J. K. Rowling.

• informar que a autora de Harry Potter agora pretende escrever para adultos.

• anunciar o novo livro da série Harry Potter publicado por editora diferente.

94 (Enem 2012 - Segundo Dia) I, too

I, too, sing America.

Iam the darker brother.

They send me to eat in the kitchen

When company comes,

But I laugh,

And I eat well,

And grow strong

Tomorrow,

I’ll be at the table

When company comes.

Nobody’ll dare

Say to me,

“Eat in the kitchen”,

Then.

Besides,

They’ll see how beautiful Iam

And be ashamed.

I, too, am America.

HUGHES, L. In: RAMPERSAD, A.; ROESSEL, D. (Ed.). The collected poems of

Langston Hughes. New York; Knopf, 1994.

Langston Hughes foi um poeta negro americano que viveu no século XX e escreveu I, too em 1932. No poema, a personagem descreve uma prática racista que provoca nela um sentimento de

• coragem, pela superação.

• vergonha, pelo retraimento.

• compreensão, pela aceitação.

• superioridade, pela arrogância.

• resignação, pela submissão.

93 (Enem 2012 - Segundo Dia)

DONAR. Disponível em:

http://politicalgraffiti.wordpress.com. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2011.

Cartuns são produzidos com o intuito de satirizar comportamentos humanos e assim oportunizam a reflexão sobre nossos próprios comportamentos e atitudes. Nesse cartum, a linguagem utilizada pelos personagens em uma conversa em inglês evidencia a

• predominância do uso da linguagem informal sobre a língua padrão.

• dificuldade de reconhecer a existência de diferentes usos da linguagem.

• aceitação dos regionalismos utilizados por pessoas de diferentes lugares.

• necessidade de estudo da língua inglesa por parte dos personagens.

• facilidade de compreensão entre falantes com sotaques distintos.

92 (Enem 2012 - Segundo Dia)

Aproveitando-se de seu status social e da possível influência sobre seus fãs, o famoso músico Jimi Hendrix associa, em seu texto, os termos love, power e peace para justificar sua opinião de que

• a paz tem o poder de aumentar o amor entre os homens.

• o amor pelo poder deve ser menor do que o poder do amor.

• o poder deve ser compartilhado entre aqueles que se amam.

• o amor pelo poder é capaz de desunir cada vez mais as pessoas.

• a paz será alcançada quando a busca pelo poder deixar de existir

91 (Enem 2012 - Segundo Dia) Quotes of the Day

Friday, Sep. 02. 2011

“There probably was a shortage of not just respect and boundaries but also love. But you do need, when they cross the line and break the law, to be very tough.”

British Prime Minister DAVID CAMERON, arguing that those involved in the recent riots in England need “tough love” as he vows to “get to grips” with the country’s problem families.

Disponível em: www.time.com. Acesso em: 5 nov. 2011 (adaptado).

A respeito dos tumultos causados na Inglaterra em agosto de 2011, as palavras de alerta de David Cameron têm como foco principal

• enfatizar a discriminação contra os jovens britânicos e suas famílias.

• criticar as ações agressivas demonstradas nos tumultos pelos jovens.

• estabelecer relação entre a falta de limites dos jovens e o excesso de amor.

• reforçar a ideia de que os jovens precisam de amor, mas também de firmeza.

• descrever o tipo de amor que gera problemas às famílias de jovens britânicos.

29 (Fatec 2013 - 1º Semestre - Prova) (Texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) No mesmo trecho do terceiro parágrafo – (...) particularly ones tailored for community

colleges and low-income young people. – a palavra tailored pode ser substituída, sem alteração do sentido do texto, por

• studied.

• adapted.

• bought.

• sold.

• lent.

28 (Fatec 2013 - 1º Semestre - Prova) (Texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) No terceiro parágrafo, o pronome ones em – (...) particularly ones tailored for

community colleges and low-income young people. – refere-se a

• high school programs.

• low-income young people.

• postsecondary online courses.

• the Gates and Hewlett Foundations.

• an initial $ 20 million round of money.

27 (Fatec 2013 - 1º Semestre - Prova) (Texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) A opinião de Bill Gates acerca do uso de tecnologia para ensinar crianças, do jardim da infância à quinta série, é de que

• esses alunos não são suficientemente independentes para tirar o melhor proveito desses recursos.

• as crianças do jardim da infância à quinta série não têm paciência para ficar sentadas em frente a um computador.

• o uso da tecnologia, nos primeiros anos de vida de uma criança, pode prejudicar o seu desenvolvimento mental.

• o uso de tecnologia pode dificultar a atuação do professor, pois as crianças se distraem com os recuros tecnológicos.

• crianças provenientes de escolas comunitárias são as que devem receber a maior parcela dos recursos que a sua fundação destina a esse fim.

26 (Fatec 2013 - 1º Semestre - Prova) (Texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que

• a tecnologia pode ser uma importante ferramenta auxiliadora para o professor, especialmente quando usada com alunos mais velhos.

• o uso de tecnologia é muito mais importante nos cursos de especialização do que nos cursos de graduação.

• ter um curso superior tem sido condição essencial para se obter uma colocação no mercado de trabalho.

• o uso de tecnologia em sala de aula é menos importante no processo educacional do que o tamanho das classes.

• cursos de pós-graduação na área de tecnologia são os que mais têm se desenvolvido.

25 (Fatec 2013 - 1º Semestre - Prova) Considere o texto a seguir para responder às questões de números 25 a 29.

In (1)Higher Education, a Focus on Technology By STEVE LOHR

The education gap facing the nation’s work force is evident in the numbers. Most new jobs will require more than a high school education, yet fewer than half of Americans under 30 have a (2)postsecondary degree of any kind. Recent state budget cuts, education experts agree, promise to make closing that gap even more difficult.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and four nonprofit education organizations are beginning an ambitious initiative to address that challenge by accelerating the development and use of online learning tools.

An initial $20 million round of money, from the Gates Foundation, will be for postsecondary online courses, particularly ones tailored for community colleges and low-income young people. Another round of grants, for high school programs, is scheduled for next year.

Just how effective technology can be in improving education — by making students more effective, more engaged learners — is a subject of debate. To date, education research shows that good teachers matter a lot, class size may be less important than once thought and nothing improves student performance as much as onon-one human tutoring.

If technology is well designed, experts say, it can help tailor the learning experience to individual students, facilitate student-teacher collaboration, and assist teachers in monitoring student performance each day and in quickly fine-tuning lessons.

The potential benefits of technology are greater as students become older, more independent learners. Making that point, Mr. Gates said in an interview that for children from kindergarten to about fifth grade “the idea that you stick them in front of a computer is (3)ludicrous.”

• (1) higher education: educação superior.

• (2) postsecondary: termo que se refere aos cursos feitos após o high school ou, no modelo educacional brasileiro, o Ensino Médio.

• (3) ludicrous: ridícula, absurda.

(http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/11/technology/11online.html Acesso em 20.09.2012.

Adaptado)

Sobre o uso da tecnologia no processo educacional e de acordo com o quarto parágrafo do artigo, pode-se afirmar que

• a interação humana importa menos para o processo educacional do que o uso das ferramentas tecnológicas.

• a atuação dos bons professores em sala de aula pode ser prejudicada pelo mau uso da tecnologia.

• os cursos online são indicados somente para os que têm melhores condições financeiras.

• a efetividade do uso da tecnologia no processo educacional ainda é discutida.

• a tecnologia pode substituir os professores em sala de aula.

29 (Fatec 2012 - 2º Semestre - Prova) (Fight the Violence! - texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a forma correta da voz ativa para o trecho em destaque na seguinte passagem do texto: Kennedy’s Operation Ceasefire, as it has come

to be known, has been implemented in more than 70 cities.

• They have implement Kennedy’s Operation Ceasefire, as it has come to be known, in more than 70 cities.

• They had implemented Kennedy’s Operation Ceasefire, as it has come to be known, in more than 70 cities.

• They were implemented Kennedy’s Operation Ceasefire, as it has come to be known, in more than 70 cities.

• They had been implementing Kennedy’s Operation Ceasefire, as it has come to be known, in more than 70 cities.

• They have been implementing Kennedy’s Operation Ceasefire, as it has come to be known, in more than 70 cities.

28 (Fatec 2012 - 2º Semestre - Prova) (Fight the Violence! - texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) Segundo o texto, as taxas de criminalidade

• diminuíram quase de um dia para o outro.

• noturna diminuíram praticamente num piscar de olhos.

• noturna se equipararam às taxas de criminalidade diurna.

• diurna permaneceram inferiores às taxas de criminlidade noturna.

• praticamente zeraram devido à “Kennedy’s Operation Ceasefire”.

27 (Fatec 2012 - 2º Semestre - Prova) (Fight the Violence! - texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) O pronome objeto them empregado em – offered them assistance in getting off the

streets – refere-se a

• the streets.

• American cities.

• Kennedy and his team.

• Boston Police Department.

• gang members and community leaders.

26 (Fatec 2012 - 2º Semestre - Prova) (Fight the Violence! - texto para responder às questões de números 25 a 29) De acordo com o texto,

• Boston sofre, atualmente, com o crescimento da onda de homicídios.

• Kennedy acreditava que a melhor punição para os criminosos era o cárcere.

• o sequestro de jovens foi um dos crimes combatidos na “Operation Ceasefire”.

• a maior parte das cidades americanas ainda tinha um alto índice de homicídios nos anos 90.

• o grupo inteiro seria penalizado, caso algum membro das gangues cometesse algum outro crime.

25 (Fatec 2012 - 2º Semestre - Prova) Texto para as questões 25 a 29.

Fight the Violence! Oct 14, 2011 6:53 PM EDT

What if gang violence in America could be reduced just by talking? Professor and

activist David Kennedy talks with Ben Crair about his new book, Don’t Shoot,

criticism of his plan, and the economics of gangs.

In 1995, David M. Kennedy went to Boston on behalf of1 Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government to study violent crime. Like many American cities at that time, Boston was suffering a wave of homicides. After linking up with a special Boston Police Department task force, Kennedy and his team recognized that most of the killing was the work of a small handful of identifiable gang members. Rather than locking them all up, they tried something new: They met with the gang members and community leaders, offeredthem assistance in getting off the streets, and warned them that, if any single gang member committed another murder2, they would crack down3 on the entire group. Crime dropped almost overnight, and Kermedy’s “Operation Ceasefire,” as it has come to be known, has been implemented in more than 70 cities, addressing issues from gun violence to drug markets to juvenile robberies. Now, Kennedy recounts his experiences in a new book, Don‘t Shoot: One Man, a Street Fellowship, and the End of Violence in Inner-City America.

(Newsweek. 14.10.2011. Adaptado)

(1) on behalf of: em nome de

(2) murder: assassinato

(3) crack down: usar de repressão com punição severa

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o motivo correto pelo qual David M. Kennedy foi a Boston.

• Prender os membros das gangues.

• Proteger os líderes das comunidades.

• Estudar o problema da criminalidade violenta.

• Trabalhar como espião para o governo norte-amricano.

• Ministrar um curso na Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.

90 (FUVEST 2013 - Primeira Fase) Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Life is Adam Phillips's 17th book and is a characteristic blend of literary criticism and philosophical reflection packaged around a central idea. The theme here is missed opportunities, roads not taken, alternative versions of our lives and ourselves, all of which, Phillips argues, exert a powerful hold over our imaginations. Using a series of examples and close readings of authors including Philip Larkin and Shakespeare, the book suggests that a broader

understanding of life's inevitable disappointments and thwarted desires can enable us to live fuller, richer lives. Good things come to those who wait.

Does he see himself as a champion of frustration? “I'm not on the side of frustration exactly, so much as the idea that one has to be able to bear frustration in order for satisfaction to be realistic. I'm interested in how the culture of consumer capitalism depends on the idea that we can't bear frustration, so that every time we feel a bit restless or bored or irritable, we eat, or we shop.”

The Guardiaguardian.co.uk, 1 June 2012. Adaptado.

No texto, em resposta à pergunta “Does he see himself as a champion of frustration?”, o autor do livro argumenta ser necessário que as pessoas

• tenham experiências satisfatórias para compreender a frustração.

• entendam cada vez mais a cultura capitalista de consumo.

• se distraiam fazendo compras quando estão irritadas.

• lidem com as frustrações para que suas satisfações sejam realistas.

• percebam o que as deixa frustradas no dia a dia.

89 (FUVEST 2013 - Primeira Fase) Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Life is Adam Phillips's 17th book and is a characteristic blend of literary criticism and philosophical reflection packaged around a central idea. The theme here is missed opportunities, roads not taken, alternative versions of our lives and ourselves, all of which, Phillips argues, exert a powerful hold over our imaginations. Using a series of examples and close readings of authors including Philip Larkin and Shakespeare, the book suggests that a broader understanding of life's inevitable disappointments and thwarted desires can enable us to live fuller, richer lives. Good things come to those who wait.

Does he see himself as a champion of frustration? “I'm not on the side of frustration exactly, so much as the idea that one has to be able to bear frustration in order for satisfaction to be realistic. I'm interested in how the culture of consumer capitalism depends on the idea that we can't bear frustration, so that every time we feel a bit restless or bored or irritable, we eat, or we shop.”

The Guardiaguardian.co.uk, 1 June 2012. Adaptado.

Segundo o texto, o livro Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Life sugere que

• a fantasia deve se sobrepor a nossos planos de vida.

• uma compreensão maior das decepções e dos desejos não realizados pode nos ajudar a viver melhor.

• os relatos de vida dos escritores não nos servem de exemplo.

• um controle maior de nossa imaginação é importante para lidarmos com nossas frustrações.

• as oportunidades perdidas devem ser recuperadas para uma vida satisfatória.

88 (FUVEST 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Texto e imagens para as questões de 86 a 88) Afirma-se, no texto, que, diferentemente da TV, na publicidade online a audiência tem de ser

• partilhada.

• valorizada.

• comprada.

• multiplicada.

• conquistada.

87 (FUVEST 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Texto e imagens para as questões de 86 a 88) No texto, a palavra “viral” refere-se a

• campanhas publicitárias divulgadas entre usuários de mídias eletrônicas.

• vírus eletrônicos acoplados a anúncios publicitários.

• mensagens de alerta aos consumidores para os riscos de determinados produtos.

• mídias eletrônicas que têm dificuldade em controlar a disseminação de vírus.

• quantidades de anúncios que congestionam as caixas postais dos usuários de correio eletrônico.

86 (FUVEST 2013 - Primeira Fase)

Texto para as questões de 86 a 88

Time was, advertising was a relatively simple undertaking: buy some print space and airtime, create the spots, and blast them at a captive audience. Today it’s chaos: while passive viewers still exist, mostly we pick and choose what to consume, ignoring ads with a touch of the DVR remote. Ads are forced to become more like content, and the best aim to engage consumers so much that they pass the material on to friends email, Twitter, Facebook – In the industry, “viral” has become a usefully vague way to describe any campaign thspreads from person to person, acquiring its own momentum.

It’s not that online advertising has eclipsed TV, but it has become its full partner in many ways the more substantive one, a medium in which the audience must be earned, not simply bought.

Newsweek, March 26 & April 2, 2012. Adaptado.

De acordo com o texto, a indústria publicitária

• passou a criar anúncios mais curtos.

• deixou de comprar tempo na TV devido ao aumento de custo por minuto.

Primeira Fase) Texto para as questões de 86 a 88

Time was, advertising was a relatively simple undertaking: buy some print space and e, create the spots, and blast them at a captive audience. Today it’s chaos: while

passive viewers still exist, mostly we pick and choose what to consume, ignoring ads with a touch of the DVR remote. Ads are forced to become more like content, and the

aim to engage consumers so much that they pass the material on to friends who will pass it on to friends, who will... you get the picture.

In the industry, “viral” has become a usefully vague way to describe any campaign thspreads from person to person, acquiring its own momentum.

It’s not that online advertising has eclipsed TV, but it has become its full partner in many ways the more substantive one, a medium in which the audience must be

Newsweek, March 26 & April 2, 2012. Adaptado.

De acordo com o texto, a indústria publicitária

passou a criar anúncios mais curtos.

deixou de comprar tempo na TV devido ao aumento de custo por minuto.

Time was, advertising was a relatively simple undertaking: buy some print space and e, create the spots, and blast them at a captive audience. Today it’s chaos: while

passive viewers still exist, mostly we pick and choose what to consume, ignoring ads with a touch of the DVR remote. Ads are forced to become more like content, and the

aim to engage consumers so much that they pass the material on to friends – by who will pass it on to friends, who will... you get the picture.

In the industry, “viral” has become a usefully vague way to describe any campaign that

It’s not that online advertising has eclipsed TV, but it has become its full partner – and in many ways the more substantive one, a medium in which the audience must be

deixou de comprar tempo na TV devido ao aumento de custo por minuto.

• foi forçada a se modificar em função das novas tecnologias.

• aumentou sua audiência cativa.

• começou a privilegiar a forma em vez de conteúdos.

30 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Analyze an advertisement - texto para responder às questões de números 26 a 30) A expressão none of this matters, no segundo parágrafo refere-se

• às características de anúncios mencionadas no primeiro parágrafo.

• à falta de coerência e de sentido que certos anúncios podem conter.

• às características positivas de anúncios mencionadas no texto.

• à interpretação de anúncios de acordo com uma ideologia de consumo.

• aos valores culturais, morais e sociais que caracterizam um anúncio.

29 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase)

(Analyze an advertisement - texto para responder às questões de números 26 a 30) O pronome it, utilizado na última linha do primeiro parágrafo, na frase for the products

it markets, refere-se

• à necessidade da propaganda.

• à área de publicidade.

• à ideologia da propaganda.

• aos mercados consumidores.

• à cultura do consumismo.

28 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Analyze an advertisement - texto para responder às questões de números 26 a 30) A resposta à questão apresentada no último parágrafo do texto foi:

• benefícios racionais atenderão melhor às necessidades dos consumidores do produto anunciado.

• não se deve pensar nos benefícios de um produto anunciado de maneira capitalista e racional.

• anúncios precisam apresentar benefícios racionais, para que os consumidores possam entendê-los.

• benefícios do produto anunciado devem ser copreendidos por pessoas que desconhecem o produto.

• anúncios devem salientar qualidades de um produto que sejam entendidas de modo racional pelos consumdores.

27 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Analyze an advertisement - texto para responder às questões de números 26 a 30) De acordo com o texto,

• alguns anúncios contêm elementos que supervalorizem o papel social da língua.

• alguns anúncios contêm elementos que podem denegrir a imagem do capitalismo.

• alguns anúncios possuem até mesmo um aspecto obscuro, um tanto sórdido.

• anúncios devem conter um apelo irracional aos benefícios do produto anunciado.

• anúncios não devem destacar benefícios ou valores sociais dos produtos anunciados.

26 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 26 a 30.

Analyze an advertisement

Peter Sells Sierra Gonzales

Not all advertisements make perfect sense. Not all of them promote or imply acceptance of social values that everyone would agree are what we should hope for, in an enlightened and civilized society. Some advertisements appear to degrade our images of ourselves, our language, and appear to move the emphasis of interaction in our society to (even more) consumerism. There may even be a dark, seamy, or seedy side to advertising. This is hardly surprising, as our society is indeed a consumer society, and it is highly capitalistic in the simplest sense. There is no doubt that advertising promotes a consumer culture, and helps create and perpetuate the ideology that creates the apparent need for the products it markets.

For our purposes here, none of this matters. Our task is to analyze advertisements, and to see if we can understand how they do what they do. We will leave the task of how we interpret our findings in the larger social, moral and cultural contexts for another occasion.

It is often said that advertising is irrational, and, again, that may well be true. But this is where the crossover between information and persuasion becomes important; an advertisement does not have to be factually informative (but it cannot be factually misleading).

In a discussion of what kind of benefit an advertisement might offer to a consumer, Jim Aitchison (1999) provides the following quote from Gary Goldsmith of Lowe &

Partners, New York. It sums up perfectly what it is that one should look for in an advertisement. The question posed is “Is advertising more powerful if it offers a rational benefit?” Here is Goldsmith’s answer: “I don't think you need to offer a rational benefit. I think you need to offer a benefit that a rational person can understand.”

(www.standford.edu. Adaptado)

O principal objetivo do texto é analisar

• como muitos anúncios deixam de cumprir seu papel.

• como anúncios valorizam a imagem do consumidor.

• aspectos racionais e irracionais contidos em anúncios.

• anúncios e procurar entender como cumprem seu papel.

• elementos linguísticos e valores sociais em anúncios.

Tópicos desta questão: Inglês

25 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Anúncios para responder às questões de números 21 a 25) Nos anúncios, as palavras use, need, electricity e wisely são exemplos, respectivamente, de

• substantivo, pronome, verbo, substantivo e advérbio.

• verbo, pronome, verbo, substantivo e advérbio.

• substantivo, adjetivo, verbo, substantivo e adjetivo.

• verbo, pronome, verbo, adjetivo e adjetivo.

• substantivo, pronome, substantivo, adjetivo e advérbio.

24 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Anúncios para responder às questões de números 21 a 25) Os dois anúncios têm em comum o fato de

• terem sido produzidos para empresas de pequeno porte.

• terem sido produzidos para duas empresas concorrentes.

• estimularem o uso de recursos alternativos.

• terem sido produzidos pela mesma agência de publcidade.

• estimularem ações embasadas na sustentabilidade.

23 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase)

(Anúncios para responder às questões de números 21 a 25) Considerando-se o propósito do anúncio 2, a oração que poderia fazer parte de um texto a ser incluído nesse anúncio é:

• Turn on the lights when a room is not being used.

• Turn on the heaters and boilers on summer days.

• Turn off the lights when there is nobody in a room.

• Turn on the tap before you take a bath or a shower.

• Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth or shaving.

22 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) (Anúncios para responder às questões de números 21 a 25) O anúncio 2 refere-se

• a um incentivo para anúncios mais iluminados.

• a uma empresa de eletricidade chamada Wisely.

• a um incentivo ao uso de lâmpadas fluorescentes.

• ao uso mais consciente de energia elétrica.

• à falta de iluminação suficiente em locais públicos.

21 (Unesp 2013 - Primeira Fase) INSTRUÇÃO: Examine os anúncios para responder às questões de números 21 a 25.

Anúncio 1 (www.hongkiat.com. Adaptado)

Anúncio 2 (www.crookedbrains.net. Adaptado.)

O anúncio 1 refere-se

• a uma campanha para economia do consumo de água.

• à divulgação de uma nova tinta para bancos de jardim.

• a uma campanha para embelezar a cidade de Denver.

• à divulgação de reformas nos jardins públicos em Denver.

• a uma campanha contra a destruição de patrimônio público.

57 (FUVEST 2012 - Primeira Fase) Although robots have made great strides in manufacturing, where tasks are repetitive, they are still no match for humans, who can grasp things and move about effortlessly in the physical world.

Designing a robot to mimic the basic capabilities of motion and perception would be revolutionary, researchers say, with applications stretching from care for the elderly to returning overseas manufacturing operations to the United States (albeit with fewer workers).

Yet the challenges remain immense, far higher than artificial intelligence obstacles like speaking and hearing. “All these problems where you want to duplicate something biology does, such as perception, touch, planning or grasping, turn out to be hard in fundamental ways,” said Gary Bradski, a vision specialist at Willow Garage, a robot development company based in Silicon Valley. “It’s always surprising, because humans can do so much effortlessly.”

http://www.nytimes.com, July 11, 2011. Adaptado

De acordo com o texto, o especialista Gary Bradski afirma que

• a sua empresa projetou um robô com capacidade de percepção.

• os robôs já estão bem mais desenvolvidos, atualmente.

• a construção de robôs que reproduzam capacidades biológicas é difícil.

• as pessoas podem ser beneficiadas por robôs com capacidade de planejamento.

• a habilidade das pessoas em operar robôs sofisticados é surpreendente.

56 (FUVEST 2012 - Primeira Fase) Although robots have made great strides in manufacturing, where tasks are repetitive, they are still no match for humans, who can grasp things and move about effortlessly in the physical world.

Designing a robot to mimic the basic capabilities of motion and perception would be revolutionary, researchers say, with applications stretching from care for the elderly to returning overseas manufacturing operations to the United States (albeit with fewer workers).

Yet the challenges remain immense, far higher than artificial intelligence obstacles like speaking and hearing. “All these problems where you want to duplicate something biology does, such as perception, touch, planning or grasping, turn out to be hard in fundamental ways,” said Gary Bradski, a vision specialist at Willow Garage, a robot development company based in Silicon Valley. “It’s always surprising, because humans can do so much effortlessly.”

http://www.nytimes.com, July 11, 2011. Adaptado

Segundo o texto, um grande desafio da robótica é

• não desistir da criação de robôs que falem e entendam o que ouvem.

• melhorar a capacidade dos robôs para a execução de tarefas repetitivas.

• não tentar igualar as habilidades dos robôs às dos seres humanos.

• voltar a fabricar robôs que possam ser comercializados pela indústria norte-americana.

• projetar um robô que imite as habilidades básicas de movimento e percepção dos seres humanos.

55 (FUVEST 2012 - Primeira Fase) JUST 10 YEARS INTO A NEW CENTURY, MORE THAN TWO-thirds of the country sees the past decade as a period of decline for the U.S., according to a new TIME/Aspen Ideas Festival poll that probed Americans on the decade since the tragic events of Sept. 11, 2001. Osama bin Laden is dead and al-Qaeda seriously weakened, but the impact of the 9/11 attacks and the decisions that followed have, in the view of most Americans, put the U.S. in a tailspin that the country has been unable to shake during two administrations and almost 10 years of trying.

ACCORDING TO THE POLL, ONLY 6% OF MORE THAN 2,000 Americans believe the country has completely recovered from the events of 9/11. Some of this pessimism can be tied to fears of more terrorist attacks. Despite the death of bin Laden, most Americans think another terrorist attack in the U.S. is likely.

Com base nos gráficos que acompanham o texto, é correto afirmar que, para os norte-americanos,

• o evento de 11 de setembro de 2001 é mais significativo que outros eventos ocorridos na última década.

• a morte de Osama bin Laden reduz o receio de novos ataques terroristas contra os EUA.

• o governo de Obama é avaliado com pessimismo e descrédito, hoje.

• o risco de um ataque praticado por terroristas internos é maior que o de um ataque praticado por terroristas externos.

• a recessão econômica tem relação com os ataques e as ameaças sofridos pelos EUA.

54 (FUVEST 2012 - Primeira Fase) JUST 10 YEARS INTO A NEW CENTURY, MORE THAN TWO-thirds of the country sees the past decade as a period of decline for the U.S., according to a new TIME/Aspen Ideas Festival poll that probed Americans on the decade since the tragic events of Sept. 11, 2001. Osama bin Laden is dead and al-Qaeda seriously weakened, but the impact of the 9/11 attacks and the decisions that followed have, in the view of most Americans, put the U.S. in a tailspin that the country has been unable to shake during two administrations and almost 10 years of trying.

ACCORDING TO THE POLL, ONLY 6% OF MORE THAN 2,000 Americans believe the country has completely recovered from the events of 9/11. Some of this pessimism can be tied to fears of more terrorist attacks. Despite the death of bin Laden, most Americans think another terrorist attack in the U.S. is likely.

A sequência “most Americans think another terrorist attack in the U.S. is likely” significa que, para a maioria dos norte-americanos, outro ataque terrorista nos EUA é

• iminente.

• muito temido.

• impensável.

• provável.

• uma incógnita.

53 (FUVEST 2012 - Primeira Fase) JUST 10 YEARS INTO A NEW CENTURY, MORE THAN TWO-thirds of the country sees the past decade as a period of decline for the U.S., according to a new TIME/Aspen Ideas Festival poll that probed Americans on the decade since the tragic events of Sept. 11, 2001. Osama bin Laden is dead and al-Qaeda seriously weakened, but the impact of the 9/11 attacks and the decisions that followed have, in the view of most Americans, put the U.S. in a tailspin that the country has been unable to shake during two administrations and almost 10 years of trying.

ACCORDING TO THE POLL, ONLY 6% OF MORE THAN 2,000 Americans believe the country has completely recovered from the events of 9/11. Some of this pessimism can be tied to fears of more terrorist attacks. Despite the death of bin Laden, most Americans think another terrorist attack in the U.S. is likely.

A pesquisa descrita no texto mostrou que a maioria dos norte-americanos

• está satisfeita com as respostas dos EUA aos ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001.

• avalia a última década nos EUA de forma desfavorável.

• pede ao governo ações mais efetivas de combate ao terrorismo.

• acredita que, desde os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001, o governo conseguiu melhorar sua imagem.

• espera que o país supere, completamente, o trauma dos ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001.