novel sensors, new estimation algorithms and advanced...

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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 time (sec) slip angle (deg) Slip Angle Estimation with Combined Model-Kinematics Method measured slip angle estimated slip angle Novel Sensors, New Estimation Algorithms and Advanced Controls: Solutions for Improving Highway Vehicle Safety and Mobility Real Time Estimation of TireRoad Friction Coefficient Narrow TiltControlled Commuter Vehicles BatteryLess Wireless Traffic Sensors Wireless Tire Sensors for Measurement of Slip Angle, Slip Ratio and Friction Coefficient NatureInspired Magnetic Sensors for Accurate Position Measurement Tire test rig Novel sensors based on energy harvesting from piezoelectric element embedded in the roadway Design 1 inch wide beam installed in the lane – does not require battery, power supply or any wiring Data from multiple sensors can be received by a single wireless transceiver located up to 500 feet from sensors Advantages over inductive loop detectors Low cost (eventual cost expected to be less than $100) Easy installation, no wiring No electrical power supply or batteries required Suitable for rural roads Goal: To develop a traffic and environment friendly commuter vehicle that Requires only a halfwidth lane on the highway 6 feet instead of 12 feet wide Provides high fuel economy (100 miles per gallon) Is as safe and as easy to drive as a regular passenger sedan Incorporates automatic tilt control to help the driver balance the vehicle and provide enhanced stability Control system keeps the vehicle balanced while driving straight Control system tilts the vehicle into curves while cornering Goal: Develop an onboard friction measurement system for a snow plow Continuously estimate friction between the tires and the road while the snowplow travels Track and provide estimated friction values to the vehicle operator Automated application of sand, salt and deicing material to the roadway Vehicle based friction estimation system Uses onboard vehicle motion sensors such as GPS, accelerometers, gyroscope and wheel speed Tests conducted at skid pad with transition from dry asphalt to icy road Wheel based friction estimation system Uses a small redundant wheel on the snowplow Novel system with no actuation and minimal moving parts Closedloop control of applicator for winter road maintenance Observer Design and Fault Diagnostics For more information, contact Prof. R. Rajamani, [email protected] Development of sensors to measure tangential, radial and lateral tire deformations in the contact patch Development of algorithms to estimate slip angle, slip ratio and tireroad friction coefficient from tire deformation measurements Tire deformations Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems State and unknown input estimation for Lipschitz and bounded Jacobian nonlinear systems Systematic timevarying observer design method for parameter varying systems Fault Diagnostics NSF CAREER Award Fault detection and identification for nonlinear dynamic systems Fault diagnostics for radar and intervehicle measurements Slip angle estimation for electronic stability control Imminent Collision Prediction Use of adaptive estimation algorithms and redundant magnetic sensors to eliminate need for calibration Sample data with two different vehicles 1 NonIntrusive Measurement of Piston Position Applications to hydraulic, pneumatic and IC engine cylinders Adaptive algorithms, auto calibration and automatic disturbance rejection ܤ ݔ ݍPneumatic Actuator Ref LVDT Sensor Magnetic sensors Sensing Principles Many creatures, including butterflies, newts and dolphins use Earth’s magnetic field lines for navigation Likewise, this work seeks to extend the same ideas to measure distances to ferromagnetic objects, exploiting their inherent magnetic fields Example of a magnetic field model for a ferromagnetic object Sonar AMR AMR 1 2 Passat Impala 0 0.5 1 1.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 Piston Position Over Time Piston Position (mm) Time (s) LVDT Magnetic 10 20 30 40 50 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Position Absolue Error Over Time Absolute Error (mm) Piston Position (mm) 0 0.5 1 1.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 Sensed Magnetic Field Over Time Magnetic Field (counts) Time (s) B1 x B2 x Submm accuracy obtained 0 5 10 15 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Exp. II - Piston Position Over Time Piston Position (mm) Time (s) LVDT Magnetic 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2 4 6 8 Time (s) Distance (m) Distance Over Time Sonar Estmiated Sonar Thr. 0 10 20 30 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Sensed Magnetic Field Over Time Time (s) Magnetic Field (counts) Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Passat Impala

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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

time (sec)

slip

ang

le (d

eg)

Slip Angle Estimation with Combined Model-Kinematics Method

measured slip angleestimated slip angle

Novel Sensors, New Estimation Algorithms and Advanced Controls: Solutions for Improving Highway Vehicle Safety and Mobility

Real Time Estimation of Tire‐Road Friction Coefficient Narrow Tilt‐Controlled Commuter Vehicles

Battery‐Less Wireless Traffic Sensors

Wireless Tire Sensors for Measurement of Slip Angle, Slip Ratio and Friction Coefficient

Nature‐Inspired Magnetic Sensors for Accurate Position Measurement

Tire test rig 

Novel sensors based on energy harvesting from piezoelectric element embedded in the roadway

Design 1 inch wide beam installed in the lane – does not require battery, power supply or any wiring

Data from multiple sensors can be received by a single wireless transceiver located up to 500 feet from sensors

Advantages over inductive loop detectors Low cost (eventual cost expected to be less than $100)

Easy installation, no wiring No electrical power supply or batteries required

Suitable for rural roads

Goal:  To develop a traffic and environment friendly commuter vehicle that Requires only a half‐width lane on the highway

6 feet instead of 12 feet wide

Provides high fuel economy (100 miles per gallon) Is as safe and as easy to drive as a regular passenger sedan Incorporates automatic tilt control to help the driver balance the vehicle and provide enhanced stability

Control system keeps the vehicle balanced while driving straight Control system tilts the vehicle into curves while cornering

Goal: Develop an on‐board friction measurement system for  a snow plow Continuously estimate friction between the tires and 

the road while the snowplow travels Track and provide estimated friction values to the 

vehicle operator Automated application of sand, salt and deicing material 

to the roadway

Vehicle based friction estimation system Uses on‐board vehicle motion sensors 

such as GPS, accelerometers, gyroscope and wheel speed

Tests conducted at skid pad with transition from dry asphalt to icy road

Wheel based friction estimation system Uses a small redundant wheel 

on the snowplow Novel system with no actuation 

and minimal moving parts Closed‐loop control of applicator 

for winter road maintenance

Observer Design and Fault Diagnostics 

For more information, contactProf. R. Rajamani, [email protected]

Development of sensors to measure tangential, radialand lateral tire deformations in the contact patch Development of algorithms to estimate slip angle, slipratio and tire‐road friction coefficient from tiredeformation measurements

Tire deformations

Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems State and unknown input estimation for Lipschitz and bounded Jacobian nonlinear systems

Systematic time‐varying observer design method for parameter varying systems

Fault Diagnostics NSF CAREER Award Fault detection and identification for nonlinear dynamic systems

Fault diagnostics for radar and inter‐vehicle measurements

Slip angle estimation for electronic stability control

Imminent Collision Prediction Use of adaptive estimation algorithms and redundant magnetic sensors to eliminate need for calibration

Sample data with two different vehicles

1

Non‐Intrusive Measurement of Piston Position Applications to hydraulic, pneumatic and IC engine cylinders

Adaptive algorithms, auto calibration and automatic disturbance rejection

≅Pneumatic Actuator Ref LVDT Sensor

Magnetic sensors

Sensing Principles Many creatures, including butterflies, newts and dolphins use Earth’s magnetic field lines for navigation

Likewise, this work seeks to extend the same ideas to measure distances to ferromagnetic objects, exploiting their inherent magnetic fields

Example of a magnetic field model for a ferromagnetic object

Sonar

AMR AMR

12

PassatImpala

0 0.5 1 1.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

Piston Position Over Time

Pis

ton

Pos

ition

(mm

)

Time (s)

LVDTMagnetic

10 20 30 40 500

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4Position Absolue Error Over Time

Abs

olut

e E

rror

(mm

)

Piston Position (mm)

0 0.5 1 1.5

0

100

200

300

400

500

Sensed Magnetic Field Over Time

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (c

ount

s)

Time (s)

B1xB2x

Sub‐mm accuracy obtained

0 5 10 150

10

20

30

40

50

60Exp. II - Piston Position Over Time

Pis

ton

Pos

ition

(mm

)

Time (s)

LVDT Magnetic

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

2

4

6

8

Time (s)

Dis

tanc

e (m

)

Distance Over Time

Sonar Estmiated Sonar Thr.

0 10 20 30-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150Sensed Magnetic Field Over Time

Time (s)

Mag

netic

Fie

ld (c

ount

s)

Sensor 1Sensor 2

Passat

Impala