now that you have finished the course go for it !!!
TRANSCRIPT
Now that you have finished the Now that you have finished the course—course—
GO FOR IT !!!GO FOR IT !!!
AP PSYCHOLOGY REVIEWAP PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
DescartesDescartes Aristotle Aristotle
PlatoPlato (mind not(mind not
Socrates Socrates separate separate
(mind separate from from body-(mind separate from from body-
body-knowledge is knowledgebody-knowledge is knowledge
innate-born within grows frominnate-born within grows from
us) dualism experienceus) dualism experience
monismmonism
Measures of central tendency-Measures of central tendency-
Mean, median, mode Mean, median, mode
p. 41p. 41
Measures of variation-Measures of variation-
Range and standard deviation Range and standard deviation p. 41p. 41
Research methods-Research methods-
Descriptive, correlational, Descriptive, correlational, experimental p. 39 experimental p. 39
Who invented phrenology?Who invented phrenology?
Franz GallFranz Gall
Neuron communicationNeuron communication
SSensory neuronsensory neurons
AAfferentfferent
MMotor neuronsotor neurons
EEfferentfferent
Sympathetic nervous system-stimulatesSympathetic nervous system-stimulates
Parasympathetic -pacifiesParasympathetic -pacifies
Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture
Biopsychosocial influences p. 135Biopsychosocial influences p. 135
Individualist cultures and collectivist Individualist cultures and collectivist culturescultures
Individualist proverb: “The squeaky Individualist proverb: “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”wheel gets the grease.”
Collectivist proverb: “The quacking Collectivist proverb: “The quacking duck gets shot.” duck gets shot.”
Stages of development-Stages of development-
Ainsworth strange situation paradigmAinsworth strange situation paradigm
P. 156 secure and insecure attachmentP. 156 secure and insecure attachment
Harry Harlow –experiments on comfortHarry Harlow –experiments on comfort
Kubler Ross -stages of dyingKubler Ross -stages of dying
(Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, (Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance)acceptance)
Fluid and crystallized intelligenceFluid and crystallized intelligence
Absolute threshold-Absolute threshold-
JND-just noticeable differenceJND-just noticeable difference
Weber’s (Vay’ber’s)Law-Weber’s (Vay’ber’s)Law-
Two lights-8%,weight-2%,tones-.3%Two lights-8%,weight-2%,tones-.3%
Gate-control theory- Gate-control theory-
gate openedgate opened by activity of pain by activity of pain signals traveling up signals traveling up small nervesmall nerve fibersfibers
Gate closed Gate closed by activity of pain by activity of pain signals traveling up signals traveling up large fibers large fibers p.227p.227
Gestalt – form or wholeGestalt – form or whole
Monocular and binocular cuesMonocular and binocular cues
Visual cliff experiment-Visual cliff experiment-
depth perceptiondepth perception
Perceptual set-mental predispositionPerceptual set-mental predisposition
Human factors psychologists-Human factors psychologists-
help design appliances, machines, help design appliances, machines, etc. that fit our natural perceptions.etc. that fit our natural perceptions.
Sleep cycle (B A D) Beta, Alpha,Sleep cycle (B A D) Beta, Alpha,
(Theta), Delta(Theta), Delta
Spindles in stage 2 Spindles in stage 2
REM- about 25% REM- about 25%
Pineal gland –Pineal gland –
sleep inducing hormone melatoninsleep inducing hormone melatoninSuprachiasmatic nucleus (neural Suprachiasmatic nucleus (neural
center in hypothalamus) controls center in hypothalamus) controls circadian clockcircadian clock
Dream theoriesDream theories
Classical and operant conditioningClassical and operant conditioning
Theory of mindTheory of mind
Pavlov, Watson, GarciaPavlov, Watson, Garcia
SkinnerSkinner
Bandura’s bobo dollBandura’s bobo doll
Skinner box (operant chamber)Skinner box (operant chamber)
Schedules of reinforcementSchedules of reinforcement
Interval-Interval-
related to timerelated to time
Ratio-related to number of timesRatio-related to number of times
Atkinson-Shiffrin’s three stage Atkinson-Shiffrin’s three stage memory processing modelmemory processing model
Sensory, short-term, long-termSensory, short-term, long-term
Hippocampus – Hippocampus –
explicit memoriesexplicit memories
Cerebellum-Cerebellum-
implicit memoriesimplicit memories
Encoding- effortful and automaticEncoding- effortful and automatic
Elizabeth Loftus-false memoriesElizabeth Loftus-false memories
Skinner –A I R –Skinner –A I R –
association, imitation, reinforcementassociation, imitation, reinforcement
Chomsky-inborn universal grammarChomsky-inborn universal grammar
Heuristics-Heuristics-
representative, availabilityrepresentative, availability
Whorf’s linguistic determinismWhorf’s linguistic determinism
Phoneme-smallest sound unitPhoneme-smallest sound unit
Morpheme-smallest unit that carries Morpheme-smallest unit that carries meaningmeaning
Critical period-window begins to close at Critical period-window begins to close at age 7age 7
Spearman-general intelligence “g”Spearman-general intelligence “g”
Gardner- 8 intelligencesGardner- 8 intelligences
Sternberg-3 intelligences (cap) creative, Sternberg-3 intelligences (cap) creative, analytic, practicalanalytic, practical
Binet/Simon-started intelligence movementBinet/Simon-started intelligence movement
Wechsler-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Wechsler-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-most widely usedScale-most widely used
Convergent –Convergent –
single correct answer-single correct answer-
Divergent-Divergent-
Multiple answersMultiple answers
Industrial organizational psychologyIndustrial organizational psychology
Drive reduction theoryDrive reduction theory
Goleman’s emotional intelligenceGoleman’s emotional intelligence
Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Task leadership and social leadershipTask leadership and social leadership
Voice effectVoice effect
James-Lange theory(arousal-emotion)James-Lange theory(arousal-emotion)
Cannon-Bard theory(arousal/emotion)Cannon-Bard theory(arousal/emotion)
Schachter-Singer theory(arousal/label Schachter-Singer theory(arousal/label then emotion)then emotion)
Zajonc-LeDoux theory-we have many Zajonc-LeDoux theory-we have many emotional reactions apart from our emotional reactions apart from our interpretation. Two roads:interpretation. Two roads:
Fear-thalamus-amygdala-responseFear-thalamus-amygdala-response
Fear-thalamus-sensory cortex-Fear-thalamus-sensory cortex-prefrontal cortex amygdala-responseprefrontal cortex amygdala-response
Personality theories-Personality theories-
Freud, Adler, Horney, JungFreud, Adler, Horney, Jung
Projective testsProjective tests
Eysenck –two Eysenck –two axes-extraversion/introversionaxes-extraversion/introversion
Stable/unstableStable/unstable
Conscientiousness, agreeableness,Conscientiousness, agreeableness,
Neuroticism, openness, extraversionNeuroticism, openness, extraversion
DSM-IV-TR AND UN-DSMDSM-IV-TR AND UN-DSM
5 AXES: Disorder, personality 5 AXES: Disorder, personality disorder, medical condition, disorder, medical condition, environmental problems, functioningenvironmental problems, functioning
Affective(mood) Affective(mood)
Depression-low serotoninDepression-low serotonin
Mania-high serotoninMania-high serotonin
Schizophrenia-high dopamineSchizophrenia-high dopamine
Positive and negative symptomsPositive and negative symptoms
Pinel and Dix-humane treatmentPinel and Dix-humane treatment
Regression toward the meanRegression toward the mean
Chart on therapy techniquesChart on therapy techniques
EMDREMDR
Aaron Beck’s view of depressionAaron Beck’s view of depression
DeinstitutionalizationDeinstitutionalization
Cognitive dissonanceCognitive dissonance
Kurt Lewin-leadership stylesKurt Lewin-leadership styles
Solomon Asch-conformitySolomon Asch-conformity
Milgram-obedienceMilgram-obedience
Zimbardo-jail experimentZimbardo-jail experiment
GRIT-graduated and reciprocated GRIT-graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction initiatives in tension reduction (Osgood)(Osgood)
The “sleeper effect” –negative The “sleeper effect” –negative propaganda has impact even from propaganda has impact even from discreditable source.discreditable source.