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National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Off t Ert,Fr t Ert


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A message from theProgram Manager for theInternational Space Station

As we reflect on the first 15 years of the International Space Station (ISS), we have

achieved much in advancing human knowledge through research, enabling the first steps

in commercialization of space, fostering peaceful international cooperation and enablingexploration beyond low earth orbit.

e ISS has served as a unique microgravity laboratory to perform over 1600 experiments

from researchers in over 80 countries. ese experiments are making discoveries that provide

direct benefits to people on Earth and to expand our knowledge to enable humans to work,

live and explore further into our solar system than ever before.

To kindle the spirit of human exploration, we must invest in our future through education

and educators. At every level and across every discipline, teachers inspire and prepare the next

generation of tomorrows leaders and explorers to shape the course of humankind.

I hope you enjoy this calendar featuring highlights over 15 years of human presence onboard

the space station. I also hope it will inspire you and your students to learn more about the

ISS and its contribution to humanity and what can be accomplished through peaceful global

collaboration.

Regards,

MICHAEL T. SUFFREDINI

ISS Program Manager

FRONT COVER: A fish-eye lens was used to capture this image of NASA astronaut Reid

Wiseman participating in a session of an extravehicular activity (EVA). During the six-hour,

13-minute spacewalk, Wiseman and European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst (out

of frame) worked outside the space stations Quest airlock relocating a failed cooling pump

to external stowage and installing gear that provides back up power to external robotics

equipment. INSIDE FRONT COVER: The night lights of cities in North and South America glow

in this image captured by the Suomi NPP satellite and mapped over existing imagery of Earth

and the International Space Station.


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1) NASA astronaut Karen Nyberg, conducts

a session with the Capillary Flow Experiment

(CFE) in Harmony. CFE is a suite of fluid physics

experiments that investigate how fluids behave in

microgravity which could benefit water and fuel

delivery systems on future spacecraft.

2) The resin used in the International Space Station

water processor assembly has been applied to

the development of a commercial water filtration

solution and can be used in places where there

are water quality problems. These systems have

been deployed in disaster and humanitarian relief

situations in a number of countries including

Mexico, Iraq, and Pakistan.

January 2015

On January 25, 1984 President Regan announces U.S. p lans

to build a space station. The International Space Station is a

partnership of five space agencies and 15 nations. It is one

of the greatest technological, geopolitical and engineering

achievements in history. It was launched in many parts,

sometimes lifting off from different nations, and assembled in

space using spacewalks and complex robotics.


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New Years Day

1959: Luna 1, first spacecraftto reach escape velocity andorbit the sun 2004: Spirit lands on Mars

1997: STS-81, Shuttle -Mir

2003: STS-107,Inaugural Spacehab flight

Martin LutherKing, Jr. Day

1967: Apollo 1 fire

1986: STS-51L,Space ShuttleChallengeraccident

1998: IntergovernmentalAgreement on SpaceStation Cooperation signed

1958: Explorer 1,first U.S. satellite

1998: STS-89 Shuttle - Mir

1986: Voyager 2, firstspacecraft to observeUranus; 2004: Opportunitylands on Mars

1984: President Ronald

Reagan announcesU.S. plans to build aspace station

JANUARY2015


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FEBRUARY 2015

Destiny is the primary research laboratory for U.S. payloads,

supporting a wide range of experiments and studies

contributing to health, safety and quality of life for people all

over the world. Science conducted on the International Space

Station offers researchers an unparalleled opportunity to test

physical processes in the absence of gravity. NASA astronaut

Reid Wiseman is pictured in the Harmony node looking

through the Destiny laboratory.

1) In space, fuels burn as oval balls rather than

with an upward pointed cone flame as they do on

Earth. The Burning and Suppression of Solids II

(BASS-II) investigation enables researchers to

evaluate computer models of fuel burning. These

models can then be used to more accurately study

flames on Earth, such as in wildfires, building

fires, energy recapture from waste recycling, and

other combustion problems. 2) Robonaut is ahumanoid robot designed with the versatility and

dexterity to manipulate hardware, work in high risk

environments, and respond safely to unexpected

obstacles. The Robonaut Teleoperations System

enables Robonaut to mimic the motions of a

crewmember (NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy)

wearing specialized gloves, a vest and a visor

providing a three-dimensional view through

Robonauts eyes.


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1995: STS-63, Eileen Collins firstfemale space shuttle pilot

2011: STS-133/ULF5,ELC4, PMM launched

1966: Apollo/Saturn 201,first flight of the Saturn 1Blaunch vehicle with an Apollocommand and servicemodule attached

1984: STS-41B, first untetheredspacewalks; 2001: STS-98/5A,U.S. - Destiny Laboratorylaunched; 2008: STS-122/1E,ESA-Columbus launched

1977: Space ShuttleEnterprisefirst flight testatop Boeing 747 ShuttleCarrier AircraftPresidents Day

1962: Friendship 7,John Glenn firstAmerican to orbit Earth

2010: STS-130/20A, U.S.-Tranquility Connecting Module and

ESA-Cupola launched

2003: STS-107, Space ShuttleColumbiaaccident

FEBRUARY2015


8/28

1) Sonographic Astronaut Vertebral Examination

(Spinal Ultrasound) seeks to provide evidence-based

information to expand the role of ultrasound into

the realm of spinal evaluation and will significantly

contribute to medical care on Earth in settings where

there is limited access to advanced imaging such

as MRI. NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Luca

Parminteno use the onboard ultrasound as part of the

crew health study. 2) The Dietary Intake Can Predict

and Protect Against Changes in Bone Metabolism

during Spaceflight and Recovery (Pro K) investigation

is NASAs first evaluation of a dietary countermeasure

to lessen bone loss of astronauts. Japanese astronaut

Akihiko Hoshide is shown after undergoing a generic

blood draw.

March 2015

The European Space Agencys module, Columbus, provides room

for researchers on the ground, aided by the stations crew, to

conduct experiments in a weightless environment not possible on

Earth. Shown: NASA astronaut Steve Swanson harvest plants for

the VEG-01 investigation. Plants can be cultivated for educational

outreach, fresh food and even recreation for crew members on

long-duration missions.

F e b r u a r y A p r i l


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1965: Cosmonaut AlexeiLeonov, first person tospacewalk; 2010: ISSExpedition 23

1965: Gemini III, firstcrewed mission ofGemini Project

Spring Begins

1959: Pioneer 4, firstsuccessful lunar mission byU.S. spacecraft; 1969: Apollo 9,first manned flight of theCommand/Service Modulealong with the Lunar Module

2001: STS-102/5A.1, first MPLMflight, ESP-1 launched, & ISS

Expedition 2, first crew rotation

2008: STS-123/1JA,

JAXA-ELM-PS launched2008: First ESA ATV 2014: ISS Expedition 39

2009: ISS Expedition 19

2006: ISS Expedition 13,Anniversary of 1st 4 orbitlaunch to docking of anISS crew

2009: STS-119/15A,S6 truss and solar arrayslaunched, 2013: ChrisHadfield became firstCanadian Commanderof Station, 2013: ISSExpedition 35

1926: First liquid-fueledrocket; 1966: Gemini VIII,first docking of twospacecraft in orbit;2011: ISS Expedition 27

MARCH2015


10/28

1) The development and use of robotic arms inspace has led to the development of NeuroArm,

the worlds first robot capable of performing

surgery inside Magnetic Resonance Imaging

machines. NeuroArm enhances the senses of

vision, touch, and hearing for surgeons and has

been used to successfully treat dozens of patients.

2) The SAGE III is an upcoming facility that will

observe Earths middle and lower atmosphere from

space, measuring the ozone layer and atmospheric

gases that act as Earths sunscreen.

April 2015

Canadarm2 is a robotic arm that assembled the International

Space Station while in space. It is routinely used to move

supplies, equipment and even astronauts. As well as

supporting the Stations maintenance, it is responsible for

capturing and berthing of unpiloted spacecraft that carry

everything from science payloads to necessities for the crew.

M a r c h M a y


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1967: Soyuz 1 accident;1990: STS-31, HubbleSpace Telescope launched

2013: Antares Test Flight atWallops Island 2003: ISS Expedition 7


2010: STS-131/19A, MPLM

launched

1984: STS-41C, first orbital

satellite repair mission 2007: ISS Expedition 15


1961: Cosmonaut YuriGagarin, first human inspace; 1981: STS-1, firstspace shuttle (Columbia)mission 2004: ISS Expedition 9

2001: STS-100/6A,CSA-Canadarm2 &MPLM launched

1964: Gemini I test flight;2002: STS-110/8A, S0 truss

launched; 2008: ISS Expedition 17

1959: NASA announces Mercury 7,

NASAs first astronaut class

APRIL2015


12/28

1) NASA astronaut Nicole Stott works at the Protein

Crystallization Research Facility. Protein crystal

studies beginning with Expedition 1 led to the

discovery of a water molecule in a protein-inhibitor

complex that is now being used in the development

of a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

2) Miniaturized satellites (CubeSats) are shown after

being released via the Kibo Remote Manipulator

system from the Kibo laboratory. CubeSats provide

opportunities for small satellites used in space

research to fly on rockets planned for upcoming

launches.

The Japanese Experiment Module, or JEM, called Kibo which

means hope in Japanese is Japans first human space

facility and enhances the unique research capabilities of the

International Space Station (ISS).Pictured, European Space

Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst prepares to transfer a

multi-purpose experiment platform.

May 2015

A p r i l J u n e


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1961: Freedom7, AlanShepard Jr., first American

in space

1973: Skylab spacestation launched;2010: STS-132/ULF4,MRM1 launched;2013: ISS Expedition 36

2000: STS-101/2A.2a,Spacehab launched

Mothers Day

Memorial Day1973: Skylab 2, firstU.S. space station crew;2012: Docking ofSpaceX/Dragon capsule,first docking of a

commercial craft to thespace station

1999:STS-96/2A-1launched, firstspace shuttle todock with ISS;2009: ISSExpedition 20,

marked beginningof six person crew

2008: STS-124/1JA,

JAXA- JEM-PM,JEM-RMS launched

2012: Launch ofSpace-X/Dragon, firstcommercial craft tolaunch to the space station 2011: Expedition 28

2011: STS-134/ULF6launched

MAY2015



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june 2015

The International Space Stations solar arrays were installed

over several space shuttle missions. The arrays convert solar

energy to electricity, enough to provide power to more than

40 homes. A portion of the electricity produced is used to run

experiments and equipment in the U.S., Russian, Japanese

and European laboratories. Pictured: While anchored to a

foot restraint on the end of the Orbiter Boom Sensor System

(OBSS), NASA astronaut Scott Parazynski assesses his repair

work as the solar array is fully deployed

1) The SOLAR experiment facility monitor the Suns

radiation outside of the Earths atmosphere over

a large electromagnetic spectrum and correlates

it with parallel observations with other space

missions and on ground. This helps provide

the accurate data required to support predictive

models and anticipate on the influence of sun

radiation on our environment. 2) The Alpha

Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle physics

detector installed by the Canadarm2. The AMS

is collecting information from cosmic sources

emanating from stars and galaxies millions of light

years beyond the Milky Way. The data collected is

to advance knowledge of the universe and lead to

the understanding of its origin.

M a y J u l y


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1966: Surveyor I, firstU.S. spacecraft to soft landon the moon

1963: CosmonautValentina Tereshkova,first female in space

1983: STS-7, Sally Ride,first U.S. female in space

Summer Begins(Summer Solstice,1:04am EDT)

1995: STS-71Atlantis,

first shuttle to dock withRussian Mir space station 1971: Soyuz 11 accident

2010: SpaceX Falcon 9Block 1, first successful flight

2002: STS-111/UF-2,MBS & MPLM launched &ISS Expedition 5

2007: STS-117/13A,S3/S4 truss and solar

arrays launched

Fathers Day,Summer Begins

JUNE2015


16/28

1) Russian cosmonaut Gennady uses a still camera

to photograph the Russian student-developed

payload OBR-1-2/Fizika-Faza (Phase) experiment

in the Zvezda Service Module of the International

Space Station. 2) NASA astronaut Mike Fincke

on the ISS HAM Radio (Amateur Radio on the

International Space Station / ARISS in the Zevzda

Service Module (SM). The overall goal of A RISS

is to get students interested in mathematics and

science by allowing them to talk directly with the

crews living and working aboard the ISS.

july 2015

Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, checks the progress of a

new growth experiment on the BIO-5 Rasteniya-2 (Plants-2)

payload with its LADA-01 g reenhouse in the Zvezda Service

Module of the International Space Station. Zvezda, meaning

star is the center of the Russian portion of the station.

J u n e A u g u s t

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1962: Cape Canaveral, Fla.,established as NASA LaunchOperations Center;2012: ISS Expedition 32

2011: STS-135/ULF7

launched (Final shuttle mission)

2013: First Italian Spacewalk,

Luca Parmitano

1965: Mariner 4 takesfirst close-up picturesof Mars

1973: Skylab 3

1999: STS-93, EileenCollins, first female spaceshuttle commander

1963: Syncom 2, worldsfirst geosynch comm.satellite;2005: STS-114,first shuttle flight following

the Space Shuttle Columbiaaccident

1975: Apollo-Soyuz,first joint Russia-U.S./Soyuz spaceflight;2009: STS-127/2JA,JAXA-JEM-EF andELM-ES launched

1958: PresidentEisenhower signedthe NationalAeronautics andSpace Act;2014:

Anniversary of lastESA ATV launch

1969: Apollo 11, firstmanned lunar landing;1976: Viking 1, first U.S.spacecraft to land on Mars

1962: Telstar-1,first commercial

communications satellite

1979: Skylab re-enters

Earths atmosphere

2001: STS-104/7A,U.S.-Quest Airlocklaunched; 2000: Proton/1R, Russia-ZvezdaService Module launched

Independence Day1997: Pathfinder lands on Mars;2006: STS-121/ULF1-1,MPLM launched

JULY2015


18/28

1) Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) is a

comprehensive in-flight study designed to understand

changes in human physiology during long-duration

space flight. This study includes measures of bone

metabolism, oxidative damage, and chemistry and

hormonal changes; as well as assessments of the

nutritional status of the crewmembers participating in

the study. The results have an impact on the definitionof nutritional requirements and development of food

systems for future exploration missions to the Moon

and Mars. This experiment also helps researchers

understand the effectiveness of measures taken

to counteract the effects of space flight, as well

as the impact of exercise and pharmaceutical

countermeasures on nutritional status and nutrient

requirement s for crewmembers. 2) Evaluation of

Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates

of VO2max Before, During, and After Long Duration

International Space Station Missions (VO2max)

documents changes in maximum oxygen uptake

for crewmembers on board the International Space

Station (ISS) during long-duration missions.

In 2009, Expedition 20 was the first 6-person crew to remain

on the International Space Station. Pictured clockwise

from the bottom (center) are cosmonaut Gennady Padalka,

commander; NASA astronaut Tim Kopra, Canadian Space

Agency astronaut Robert Thirsk, cosmonaut Roman

Romanenko, European Space Agency astronaut Frank De

Winne and NASA astronaut Michael Barratt, all flight engineers.

august 2015

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1978: Pioneer 13-Venus, first U.S.spacecraft to study Venus in detail;2007: STS-118/13A.1, S5 truss,

Spacehab and ESP-3 launched

1977: Space ShuttleEnterprise, firstfree-flight test

1989: Voyager 2,

reaches closestapproach to Neptune 2009: STS-128/17A,MPLM launched

2001: STS-105/7A.1,MPLM launched & ISSExpedition 3

2012: Curiosity Rover

lands on Mars

AUGUST2015


20/28

september 2015

European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst enjoys

the view of Earth from the windows in the Cupola of the

International Space Station. The Cupola is a European Space

Agency built observatory module. The Cupola provides

an observation and work area for the crew giving visibility

to support the control of the space station robotic system

(Canadarm2) and external viewing of Earth, celestial objects

and visiting vehicles. Astronauts can observe and coll ect

camera images of events as they unfold, which is criticalin capturing unexpected natural events such as volcanic

eruptions and earthquakes, as well as in documenting global

changes, weather, and urban growth.

1) Mt. Etnas spectacular eruption plume and smoke

from fires triggered by the lava as it flowed down

the 11,000 ft mountain. 2) European astronaut

Alexander Gerst uses a still camera at a window

in the Cupola of the International Space Station as

the SpaceX Dragon commercial cargo craft (one of

the stations visiting vehicles) approaches. 3) One

of the Expedition 40 crew members aboard the

International Space Station recorded this colorful

image of Aurora Australis. Achernar (just to the

right of center) is the brightest and most easily

recognizable star in this generally southward view.

Two solar array panels are partially visible in an

edge-on angle on the right side of the frame.

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2005: ISSExpedition 12

1975: Viking 2 launched, firstspacecraft to successfully landon Mars; 2006: STS-115/12A,P3/P4 truss launched;2011: ISS Expedition 29

1988: STS-26, firstshuttle flight following

the Space ShuttleChallengeraccident

Autumn Begins(Fall Equinox)

2000: STS-106/2A.2b,Spacehab launched; (N)

2009: First JAXA HTVlaunched; 2013: ISSExpedition 37, 2014: ISSExpedition 41

2012: ISS Expedition 33 2006: ISS Expedition 14

2001: Soyuz/4R, Pirsdocking compartmentlaunched

2003: Galileo, firstspacecraft to enterJupiters atmosphere

Labor Day

1977: Voyager 1 returnsfirst spacecraft photo ofEarth and Moon

SEPTEMBER2015


22/28

1) NASA astronaut Randolph Bresnik is seen during

an EVA with an antenna attached to the module

Columbus for use in experimental tracking of VHF

signals of ships at sea for the Vessel ID system

(VIS). VIS on the International Space Station tracks

an individual ships speed, position, course, cargo,

and voyage information in open waters. 2) The

Materials International Space Station Experiment a

test bed for materials and coatings attached to the

outside of the space station is being evaluated for

the effects of atomic oxygen, direct sunlight, and

extremes of heat and cold. This experiment allows

the development and testing of new materials tobetter withstand the rigors of space environments.

The Quest Airlock is a pressurized International Space Station

module, which is the primary path for spacewalk entry and

departure. This calendar year marks the 50th anniversary

of the first American spacewalk conducted by Ed White

during the Gemini 4 mission in 1965. Spacewalks, also called

Extravehicular Activities or EVAs, continue to play a vital role in

conducting research outside the station.

october 2015

S e p t e m b e r N o v e m b e r

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OCTOBER2015


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1958: NASA officiallybegins operations


1957: Sputnik 1 (U.S.S.R.),first satellite

2002: STS-112/9A,S1 truss launched;2010: ISS Expedition 25

2007: STS-120/10A,ESA- Harmony ConnectingModule launched

2007: ISS Expedition 16,Peggy Whitson, first femaleISS commander

1958: Pioneer 1,first NASA Launch;1968: Apollo 7, firstcrewed Apollo mission;2000: STS-92/3A,Z1 truss launched;2009: ISS Expedition 21

Columbus Day1964: Voskhod 1(U.S.S.R.), first flight withmultiple crew members;2008: ISS Expedition 18

2009: Ares-1Xlaunch

OCTOBER2015

november 2015


24/28

1) The crew of Expedition One was launched from

Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan on a Soyuz

rocket and docked with ISS. This calendar year

marks 15 years of continuous human presence

onboard. Pictured, from the left, are cosmonaut

Yuri P. Gidzenko, astronaut William M. Shepherd and

cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev. 2) Cosmonaut Sergei

K. Krikalev from Expedition 1 works in the Destiny

module of the ISS.

november 2015

This picture of a mass of storm clouds was the first Earth

observation still image downlinked by the first humans

(Expedition 1) on the International Space Station (ISS) on

November 2, 2000. This calendar year marks 15 years of

continuous human presence onboard.

O c t o b e r D e c e m b e r

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NOVEMBER2015


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1973: Mariner 10, firstspacecraft to explore Mercury



Veterans Day1982: STS-5, first spaceshuttle operational mission

1971: Mariner 9-Mars,first spacecraft to orbit

another planet

1998: Proton Russia,Zarya Control Module,ISS first element launch

Thanksgiving Day

1983: STS-9, Firstinternational agencyparticipates in U.S.mission

2002: STS-113/11A,P1 truss launched; ISSExpedition 6

2000: STS-97/4A, P6truss, first set of solar

arrays launched;2009: ISS Expedition 22

2008: STS-126/ULF2,

MPLM launched


1973: Skylab 4;2009:STS-129/ULF3, ELC1,and ELC2 launched;2011: ISS Expedition 30

2000: Expedition 1 arrivesat ISS. Marks the 15 yearanniversary of continuoushuman occupation of ISS.

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december 2015

The next 15 years of research on the International Space Station

(ISS) will continue to make discoveries with direct benefits to us

on earth and expand our knowledge for future exploration. The

Robotic Refueling Mission investigation uses the ISS two-armed

robotic handyman, Dextre, to demonstrate how future robots

could service and refuel satellites in space. Pictured: NASA

astronaut Mike Fossum, anchored to the Canadarm2 Space

Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), works to transfer

the Robotics Refueling Mission (RRM) to Dextre Special PurposeDexterous Manipulator (SPDM).

1) The Amine Swingbed experiment with NASA

astronaut Don Pettit uses an amine-based

chemical combined with the vacuum of space tofilter and renew cabin air for breathing. Removing

carbon dioxide and moisture from consumed air

reduces the demand to supply new air. These

results will benefit long-duration missions and

could also remove carbon dioxide and humidity

in tight enclosures such as mines or underwater

vessels. 2) Earth and airglow observation with

NASA astronaut Don Pettit visible through a

window in the Cupola module. ISS offers a unique

vantage for capturing unexpected natural events

and global changes of the Earth in real-time.

Observations made today have implications for

understanding global changes in the future.

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1973: Pioneer 10-first flyby ofouter planet (Jupiter)

2006: STS-116/12A.1,Spacehab & P5 truss launched

1968: Apollo 8,first crewed missionto orbit the moon Christmas Day

1965: Gemini VI-A and VII,first manned rendezvousbetween two spacecrafts;1970: Venera 7 (U.S.S.R.),first man-made spacecraftto successfully land onanother planet (Venus) andto transmit data from thereback to Earth

1962:Mariner 2,first flyby of Venus

Winter Begins (WinterSolstice)

1998: STS-88/2A,Unity Connecting Module,first U.S. component launched

2001: STS-108/UF-1, MPLMlaunched & ISS Expedition 4

1972: Apollo 17,final Apollo mission

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Space Station Research and Technologywww.nasa.gov/iss-science

Benefits of Space Station Researchhttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/benefits/coolstation.html

Space Station for Studentshttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/ops/research_student.html

Space Station for Educatorshttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/ops/research_teacher.html

Information for Prospective Investigatorshttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/ops/research_information.html

Twitterwww.twitter.com/iss_research

Facebookwww.facebook.com/ISS

Instagramwww.instagram.com/iss

To see when the International Space Station

will be flying over your town, go to:http://spotthestation.nasa.gov/sightings

NP-2014-11-021-JSC

np-2014-11-021-jsc-iss-calendar-2015-web

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