NPOESS Preparatory Project Science Objectives

Pete KealyUMBC at NASA/GSFC

&Entire NPP Team

October, 2005

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Agenda

• NASA’s Measurement Based Approach– Ocean Color

– Ozone

• EOS to NPP Transition Sensors and Data Products• NPP Contribution to the NASA Objectives

– SDS

– NPP Science Team

• Significant Differences between EOS and NPP Operational Products

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NPP Origins

• NPP is a joint partnership between NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (formerly the Office of Earth Sciences (OES)) and the NPOESS Integrated Program Office (IPO) initiated in 1998– Feasibility study began in November 1998– Formulation began in November 1999– NASA Confirmation Review completed in November 2003

• The partnership provides both organizations with considerable cost savings while achieving their key program objectives: – To provide NASA with continuation of a group of global

change observations initiated by the Earth Observing System (EOS) TERRA, AQUA, and Aura missions

– To provide the NPOESS operational community with pre-operational risk reduction demonstration and validation for selected NPOESS instruments, and algorithms, as well as the ground system

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NPP in NASA’s Future Data Processing

• The NPP Science Charter is to: Continue the scientific data record started in the EOS era.

• NASA is moving toward “Measurement-based”, not “Mission-based,” science and data processing teams.– Processing done by a Climate Analysis Research System (CARS)

• NPP is the first post-EOS mission to have this new science data processing strategy.

– NPP data products will be produced by NPOESS data processing system (IDPS)

– NPP data products will be archived by NOAA (CLASS/LTA).– NPP data products will be assessed for science data quality at the NASA

Science Data Segment (SDS).– NPP EDR assessment will be done by the NPP Science Team.– SDS is part of science-discipline-based, community algorithm science data

processing system.

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• Uses/requires existing expertise and infrastructure– Minimizes expense & start-up time

• Allows handling of multiple data sets simultaneously– Not limited to mission-specific requirements and objectives

• Provides flexibility to support discipline science requirements– Products, algorithms, formats, gridding, reprocessings, etc.

• Facilitates strong link between flight projects & science community

• Requires discipline teams responsive/accountable to the flight project(s)

Best approach for CDR generation/maintenance

Discipline Processing Rationale

Distributed Science-led Geophysical Product Generation/Support

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GSFC Ocean Color Program Background:A Long History of Achievement

• Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (1978-1986)• Airborne Oceanographic Lidar (mid-1970’s-present)• Community Processing & Analysis Software

– SEAPAK (1982-1991); SeaDAS (1991- present)• Nimbus-7/Coastal Zone Color Scanner Global Reprocessing

(1985-2000)• MODIS & MODIS Ocean Team (1989-present) • SeaWiFS Project (1991-present)• Sensor Intercomparison & Merger for Biological &

Interdisciplinary Ocean Studies Project (SIMBIOS; 1996-2003)• Ocean Color Climate Data Record (CDR) Development

(REASoN-CAN; recent selection)• NASA NPP Science Team (VIIRS ocean color, recent selection)• Designated as NASA’s Ocean Color Discipline Group and

assumed responsibility for MODIS Ocean Color Processing (Feb. 1, 2004)

MAIN PROCESSING SYSTEMMAIN PROCESSING SYSTEM• Data from multiple satellite and

instrument types• In-situ, ancillary, and other data

GSFCGSFC

DAACDAAC

FlexibleFlexibleProcessingProcessing• Multiple MissionsMultiple Missions• Rapid ReprocessingRapid Reprocessing• Parallel ProcessingParallel ProcessingStreams (operational,Streams (operational,algorithm & cali-algorithm & cali-ration testing, eval-ration testing, eval-uation products)uation products)

ScienceScienceCommunityCommunityInteractiveInteractive

• Knowledgeable StaffKnowledgeable Staff• Enabling ActivitiesEnabling Activities(SeaBASS, SeaDAS,(SeaBASS, SeaDAS,Calibration RR, etc.)Calibration RR, etc.)

OBPG Management & StaffOBPG Management & Staff

Reconfigurable & ScalableReconfigurable & Scalable CZCS &OCTS

SeaWiFSTerra

MODIS#

AquaMODIS

NPPVIIRS

ScienceScienceCommunityCommunity

NASA NASA Flight ProjectsFlight Projects

NASA HQNASA HQProgram Program

ManagementManagement

Ocean Biology Processing System

Community Agreed Community Agreed Standards and ProtocolsStandards and Protocols

In Situ DataIn Situ Data

DataData

UsersUsers

L1 DATADATA

L1-L3 DATAL1-L3 DATA

MCST*MCST*

* MODIS Characterization Support Team (NASA/GSFC)* MODIS Characterization Support Team (NASA/GSFC)# Terra MODIS OC processing suspended in Jan. 2004# Terra MODIS OC processing suspended in Jan. 2004

Historical(REASoN-CAN)

Present(EOS, other)

Future(NPP)Data Set Category:

Funding Source

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Satellite vs Ground-based Total Ozone

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Ozone: A True NASA/NOAA CDR

• Ozone is adjusted to NOAA-9• Validated against Dobson

Stations• Reprocessed when new

algorithms are developed• Compared with models

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NPP Continues Data Time Series

Ozone

Microwave Sounding

ImagingSpectroradiometer

Thermal Infrared Sounding

2010 20151975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

NIMBUS 7 M3 EP

N9 N11 N14 N16

NOAA 7 N9 N11 N12 N14 N16

MODIS

TERRA

AQUA

AMSU

AIRS

CrIS

MODIS

OMPS(Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite)

ATMS (Advanced TechnologyMicrowave Sounder)

VIIRS(Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)

CrIS(Cross-track Infrared Sounder)

NPP

NPP

NPP

NPP

NPOESS

NPOESS

NPOESS

NPOESS

AURA

N15-17, AQUA

AQUA

N17OMINIMBUS 4

Year

Mea

sure

men

t Sys

tem

Conventional Operations EOS Technology Jump Research Quality Operations

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17 Potential CDRs from NPP Sensors

VIIRS(22)

AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS

CrIS/ATMS(3)

OMPS(1)

O3 Total Column (also CrIS)

24 May 2005DOC, NOAA, NESDIS,

Integrated Program OfficeD. Pierce, M. Haas, S. Mango,

J. Schaeffer, J. WhitcombNorthrop Grumman

L. Wait

ATM VERT MOIST PROFILE

ATM VERT TEMP PROFILE

KEY BOLD CAPS = LRD Environmental Data Records* = not yet on contract

Underlined = NPP EDRs (25)

Climate

Ocean

Atmosphere

Space Environment

Land

MISSION AREAS

(7 have pre-EOS Data Records)

= NPOESS Key Performance Parameters

** = Includes AURORA*** = Deletion pending approval ECP-6RP

SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE

SNOW COVER/DEPTH

Sea Ice CharacterizationCLOUD OPTICAL THICKNESS

CLOUD TOP HEIGHT

CLOUD TOP PRESSURE

CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURE

Ocean Color/Chlorophyll

VEGETATIVE INDEX

LAND SURFACE TEMP

SURFACE TYPE

CLOUD COVER/LAYERS

ALBEDO (SURFACE) (Pre-EOS Data Records in RED Font)

nLw embedded in ocean color productSurface reflectances available as intermediate product

Science Data Segment (SDS)

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NPP Mission Segments

Space Segment

-NASA

-IPO

-NOAA

Command, Control &Communication Segment

(C3S)

Command, Control &Communication Segment

(C3S)

•Manage Mission •Manage Satellite Operations•Space/Ground Communication•Data Routing & Retrieval

•Manage Mission •Manage Satellite Operations•Space/Ground Communication•Data Routing & Retrieval

Launch Support Segment (LSS)

Launch Support Segment (LSS)

•Launch vehicle•Launch Support•Payload Processing support

•Launch vehicle•Launch Support•Payload Processing support

Space SegmentSpace Segment

•Spacecraft •ATMS

•VIIRS•CrIS•OMPS

•VIIRS•CrIS•OMPS

Interface Data ProcessingSegment (IDPS)

Interface Data ProcessingSegment (IDPS)

•Ingest and validate raw SMD•Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs•Perform operations cal proc•Distribute data records

•Ingest and validate raw SMD•Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs•Perform operations cal proc•Distribute data records Archive & Distribution

Segment (ADS)Archive & Distribution

Segment (ADS)

•Ingest & validate data records•Manage archive•Interface with users

•Ingest & validate data records•Manage archive•Interface with users

Science DataSegment (SDS)Science Data

Segment (SDS)

•Ingest and validate RDRs•Support Climate Research•Ingest and validate RDRs•Support Climate Research

NPP CCSDSApplication Packets

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SDS Mission Statement

• The NPP SDS is intended to be a research tool for the purposes of facilitating prototype elements for the future Earth Science Enterprise distributed sciences data systems– The NPP SDS assess EDRs for climate quality

– The NPP SDS can provide Algorithm Improvements

– The SDS is a distributed architecture with 5 functionally independent elements called Product Evaluation & Algorithm Tool Elements (PEATEs) centered around: Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Ozone, and Sounder

– The SDS PEATEs support the Cal/Val activities in processing selected data subsets

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NASA’s Science Data Segment (SDS) ProvidesTest Bed for xDR Analyses

IPO / IDPS

NOAA / CLASS

RDRsSDRsEDRs

RDRsSDRsEDRs

SD3

I/T System

NPP PEATE

CARS: GSFC Oceans

CARS: Land MODAPS

NPP PEATE

CARS: AtmosphereUni Wisconsin

NPP PEATE

CARS: OzoneTOMS/OMI SIPS

NPP PEATE

CARS: Sounder. JPL

NPP PEATE

NPP Science Team

Project Science Office

NICST

NetworkInfrastructure

SDS ComponentsMcClain, CharlesMcClain, CharlesWang, MenghuaWang, MenghuaMinnett, PeterMinnett, Peter

Justice, ChristopherJustice, ChristopherLoveland, ThomasLoveland, ThomasLyapustin, AlexeiLyapustin, AlexeiMaslanik, JamesMaslanik, JamesPrivette, JeffreyPrivette, JeffreyRanson, JonRanson, JonSchaaf, CrystalSchaaf, CrystalVermote, EricVermote, EricWolfe, RobertWolfe, Robert

Baum, BryanBaum, BryanHan, QingyuanHan, QingyuanMenzel, PaulMenzel, PaulStamnes, KnutStamnes, KnutTorres, OmarTorres, Omar

McPeters, RichardMcPeters, Richard

Pagano, Thomas Pagano, Thomas Fishbein, EvanFishbein, EvanRevercomb, HenryRevercomb, HenryLambrigtsen, BjornLambrigtsen, BjornStaelin, DavidStaelin, DavidStrow, LarrabeeStrow, Larrabee

CARS:Climate Analysis Research SystemPEATE: Product Evaluation &Test Element

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SDS Elements

• SD3E – SDS Data Delivery & Depository Element– Supports acquisition and temporary storage of data from NOAA/CLASS

and IDPS– Capable of storing up to ~32 days of NPP xDR data in a “rolling storage”

for pick-up by PEATEs and the NICSE– Communication Networks

• I&TSE – Integration and Test System Element– A Mini-Version of the IDPS for purpose of demonstrating algorithm

enhancements and / or calibration improvements– Intermediate Product Generation

• PSOE - Project Science Office Element – Provides management direction and science guidance to the SDS

Elements – Manages algorithm and calibration recommendations for submission to

the NPP/NPOESS Algorithm CCB (TBR).

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SDS Elements (Cont’d)

• PEATE – Product Evaluation and Algorithm Test Element– Performs EDR Evaluation / Characterization and algorithm improvements

coordinated with External Science Investigators, and Science Team, and NICSE (for Land, Ocean, & Atmosphere PEATES).

– Five PEATEs are:> Ocean Color > Land > Ozone > Sounder> Atmosphere

• NICSE - NPP Instrument Calibration Support Element– Supports assessing and validating pre-launch and post-launch

radiometric and geometric characterization and calibration assessment of VIIRS instrument data.

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PEATEs

• Pre Launch

• Acquire, adapt and integrate operational SDR and EDR processing software into processing Systems

• Perform functional testing of operational code.

• Acquire and manage various preflight instrument characterization data sets provide to ST.

• Support Interface Confidence Tests, Functional Thread Tests and NPP Compatibility Tests

• Support (as needed) generation of test data sets for software and algorithm testing.

• Post Launch• Acquire all RDRS, selected

SDRs, EDRs and ancillary data• Process RDRs to SDRs and

EDRs – using operational code– using alternative calibration

LUTS

• Process SDRs to EDRs using revised or alternative algorithms, as directed by ST

• Support browse and distribution of locally generated xDRs to ST

• Perform matchups and evaluation of EDRs with other Mission Data, e.g., MODIS, SeaBASS

• SDR Evaluation for Long-term stability

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NASA’s NPP Science Team

• Science Team (ST)– 23 PIs (SDRs and EDRs) chosen by peer-review NRA selection process– Charge:

> Evaluate operational xDRs for use in climate research> Recommend improvements to operational algorithms> Determine path forward for climate-quality products from NPP/NPOESS

• Project Science Group (PSG) – ~11 member contractor/university staff – NPP Project supported– Direct Broadcast Office

> P. Coronado

– 4 NASA instrument scientists

• NPP Instrument Characterization Support Team (NICST)– 3 persons, growing role as instruments mature

http://nppwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/

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EOS to NPP Principal Differences

• Sensor Differences– VIIRS has no TIR bands beyond 13m

> Alternate cloud top algorithms developed

– VIIRS thermal band range limitations > prevent detection of small/medium fires in some cases, and characterization (area,

temperature) of large/hot fires

– Geolocation> Land algorithms require precise geolocation information

– NPP and NPOESS will be approximately 2X and 3X worse than MODIS, respectively

• Algorithm Implementation Differences– Latency (the need for speed) may influence processing implementations not

considered for EOS– Algorithm versions in the operational system may not be in sync with the latest

EOS versions– Metadata and quality information may be different– Several key EOS biophysical products such as LAI, FPAR, burn scar, detection

are beyond NPOESS scope– Processing higher than level 2 is beyond NPOESS scope– Reprocessing is beyond NPOESS scope

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NPP Science Summary

• NPP has no traditional NASA “Science” Charter– Climate and Science processing performed by CARS

– NPP facilitates the use of NPOESS data by funding PEATES within the SDS

– SDS is a research tool used to assess climate data quality of EDRs

• NPP Science Team will assess EDR algorithms and sensor developments for climate study suitability and advise Project & Program Scientists

• NPP Science Team will work through the Operational Algorithm Teams (OATs) to provide potential algorithm updates for NPOESS