nrega
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NREGA
Group 10Ravi Shanker 280/45 Rahul Meena 276/45
Srikanth Kolli 208/45 Krishnenthu Raja 222/45
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
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Wage Employment ProgramsHistorical Perspective
• Maharashtra Model
• Bureaucracy
• Shortage of funds
• Lack of right planning
• Lack of local focus
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The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
“Act of the people, by the people, and for the people”
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NREGA - OverviewSalient Features
Employment to all those who are willing to work (100 days)
Unlimited supply of funds for this project
Free registration with a job guarantee within 15 days of application
At least 1/3rd of the employees must be women
Fixed minimum wage rate and no upper limit
Weekly disbursement of wages and delays not beyond a fortnight
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Objective of NREGA
Unemployment Sustained Development
• Enhancement of
livelihood security
of households• Arrest rural
migration
• Create rural assets
• Create livelihood
resource base• Restore
environment
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Expectations from NREGA
Expectations from NREGA
Process OutcomesStrengthen grass root processes of democracy Infuse transparency and accountability in governance
Auxiliary Regenerate natural resource base of rural livelihood for sustainable development
Primary Supplement employment opportunities
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NREGA COVERAGE (1st Nationwide employment scheme )
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State and Local Govt.Roles and Responsibilities
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State and Local GovernmentState Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (REGS)
• 25 per cent of the cost of material and wages for semi-skilled/ skilled workers
• Unemployment allowance if the state is unable to provide employment within 15 days
• Administrative expenses of the State Employment Guarantee Council
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Other Institutions
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Funds
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FundsNREGA ‘09 Budget Allocation -39,000 Cr.
Central Govt. provides only 75% of the material costs, promoting labour intensive works in NREGA
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Components of Expenditure
• Material Cost
• Tamilnadu and Mizoram have achieved almost
Zero expense on material
• Orissa has high Material expenses owing to
“royalties”
• Expenditure on Wages
• Administrative expenses
• Nagaland and Gujarat have high
administrative expenses
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A Snapshot for 07-08
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Progress Report
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Implementation & Effectiveness of NREGA
144 Crore person-days of employment
34 Mn Households benefited
• Improved – ‘employment per rural household’, share of women in workforce, expenditure per district, share of wages in total expenditure
•Decreased % of ST’s benefiting from NREGA•Increase in daily wages by whopping 15%•Improved utilization of funds from 73% to 80%
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State wise performance
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State wise performance
Leaders Laggards
• Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh
• Account for more
than half of the total
employment
• Haryana and
Uttarakhand
• Improved Women
workforce
• Bihar, Gujarat,
Haryana,
Maharashtra, Punjab
and West Bengal
• Perform worse
than previous years
• Punjab, Bihar and
HP
• Less than 33%
women workforce
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WOMEN 43%
•Tamil Nadu (82%)
•Rajasthan (69%)
•Kerala (67%)
•Andhra Pradesh (56%)
•Karnataka (52%)
•Gujarat (49%)
•UP (15%)
•J&K(1%)At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries shall be women who have registered and requested for work under the Scheme (NREGA ACT, Schedule II, Section 6) Year-2007-08
Participation of Women
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Regenerating Natural Resource Base of Rural Livelihood
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Community BuildingBuilding Rural India
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Field Visit To Block Office
Facts
• 3000 beneficiaries in 2009 out of 30,000 bpl households
• 10% women < state average of 17%
• All projects are on rural connectivity
• Rs 80 a day as base
• Observations
• Central role of Gram Panchayat
• Unlimited funds, yet Delays in wage checks and Job cards
• No record of measuring asset creation
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Case : NREGA in Kerala
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NREGA in Kerala
• Highest literacy rate (90.86)
• Very high rate of unemployment
• Tendency to link literacy to employment (myth)
• First implemented on 5th Feb 2006
• Only in 4 districts (Palakkad, Waynad, Idukki and Kasargod)
• These districts had very low unemployment rate
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Major features
• Popularity of Trade Unions
• Village Panchayats played the pivotal role with the help of technical staffs
• Effectiveness of ‘Kudumbasree’– Organized into Neighborhood group (NHG) Area
Development Society (ADS) Community Development Society (CDS)
– ADS played a pivotal part in NREGA
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Major features
• Focus on eco-restoration works
• Wages are paid directly to individual bank accounts
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Problems• Lag in the implementation (only 4/14
districts)
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Problems
• Minimal participation from SC’s and ST’s
• One of the lowest
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Achievements
• Major progresses after 2007• Total corruption free implementation
– Panchayats took the responsibility seriously– Implemented the programme very fast
• Effectiveness of Kudumbasree system– Community of poor people– Created a feeling of unity among them– Doing work for their localities created an
urgency
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Achievements
• Participation of women– Helped to empower women
– Participated in important decisions of her family and society
– Equal wage for men and women
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AchievementsParticipation of women in NREGA
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Achievements
• Public works done by local peoples– Reduced corruption– Increased urgency
• Importance given to natural resource management and environment protection
• Setup of Labour Banks– Develop skills of the workers– Panchayats to teach Panchayats
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Way Ahead
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Way Ahead• NREGA is here to stay
Monitor the programme effectively
Village level resource planning and development
Other development programs like Bharat Nirman
should sync with NREGA
From quantitative employment generation to
sustainable development through asset building
• Representatives
Proper election and training
More power to Panchayat Raj
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Thank You