nrotc speaking on the job
TRANSCRIPT
SpeakingSpeakingOn the JobOn the Job
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From Report to From Report to Presentation:Presentation:
Half as complex, twice as clear…
AgendaAgendaGuidelinesCoping with Performance
AnxietyUsing Visuals & PowerPointFielding Questions
1) Guidelines: 1) Guidelines: Audience AnalysisAudience Analysis
REMEMBER:
The audience always wants to know, “What’s in it for me?”
Guidelines:Guidelines:Content Content
Develop two to four main points.
Have extra material ready.
Guidelines:Guidelines: Organization Organization
Use an agenda slide to preview your topics.
Have clear transitions between sections.
End with a short summary.
AgendaAgendaGuidelinesCoping with Performance
AnxietyUsing Visuals and PowerPointFielding Questions
Guidelines:Guidelines: Organization Organization
Use an agenda slide to preview your topics.
Have clear transitions between sections.
End with a short summary to give a clear sense of closure.
Guidelines:Guidelines:
Delivery Delivery
Conversational StyleNonverbal Signals
Delivery StylesDelivery Styles
ManuscriptMemorizedImpromptuExtemporaneous delivery.
Delivery: Delivery: Use Conversational StyleUse Conversational Style
Use spoken, not written language.
Practice out loud as a check.
Delivery: Eye contactDelivery: Eye contact Make eye contact
with different areas of the room.
Hold it for at least 3 seconds.
Delivery: MovementDelivery: Movement Leave lectern
area.
Delivery: MovementDelivery: Movement Leave lectern
area. Move towards audience.
Delivery: GesturesDelivery: GesturesUse your
hands
Avoid aggressive gestures
Delivery: Use Your VoiceDelivery: Use Your Voice
Project it.Use silence.Avoid filler.Use emphasis.
Now is the time for Now is the time for change….change….
Delivery: PostureDelivery: Posture
Distribute your weight evenly on both feet.
Upper body posture communicates self confidence.
2) Coping With 2) Coping With Performance Performance
AnxietyAnxiety
Chicago Chicago TribuneTribune Survey: Survey: “Please rank your fears “Please rank your fears
on this list…”on this list…”IllnessFinancial
DifficultiesHeightsInsects
Deep waterFlying Public
SpeakingDeathOther
Chicago Chicago TribuneTribune Survey Survey ResultsResults
1) Public Speaking2) Heights3) Insects4) Financial
Difficulties
5) Deep Water6) Illness7) Death8) Flying
Symptoms of Symptoms of Performance AnxietyPerformance Anxiety
Stomach Butterflies
Shortness of breath
Accelerated pulse
Sweaty palms
Dry mouthUnsteady voiceTrembling
hands, kneesTunnel vision
Ways to Control Ways to Control Performance AnxietyPerformance Anxiety
Use relaxation techniques.Use positive self-talk.Focus on visuals.Don’t sweat the small stuff.
15 - 18
3) Using Visuals & 3) Using Visuals & PowerPoint PowerPoint
Highlight main ideas.Highlight main ideas.
Focus on major concepts.
Keep it simple.
Ensure visibility.Ensure visibility.
Use large type.
Don’t stand in front of the screen.
Enhance comprehension.Enhance comprehension.
Give the audience a moment to look at a visual.
Tell the audience what to look for.
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Trademarks
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Practice with your Practice with your visuals.visuals.
Talk to the audience, not to the visual.
Use ‘Message Titles’ and Use ‘Message Titles’ and ‘Stand-Alone’ Sense ‘Stand-Alone’ Sense
Your visuals should make sense out of context
Use descriptive titles to reinforce the main concepts.
If you don’t have a point you wish to emphasize, use a topic title.
Least Effective: No titleLeast Effective: No title
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Topic Title: Topic Title: Audience draws conclusionAudience draws conclusion
FIGURE 7World Energy Demand, 1980-1995 with
Projections to 2005
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Most Effective: Message title, Most Effective: Message title, speaker draws conclusion speaker draws conclusion
FIGURE 7World Energy Demand Expected to Drop after Year
2000
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PowerPoint DesignPowerPoint Design
Keep design simpleLink builds to your purposeConsider the effect of color
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1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Am
ount
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Private building
Roads, strrets, and bridges
Public engineering
Public building
Industrials
Unclassified
Design: Keep it simpleDesign: Keep it simple
Value of Contract Construction in District V, 1986 to 1996
(component parts not available)
Design: Keep it simpleDesign: Keep it simple
Present one main topic per slide--don’t overload the viewer by trying to cover too much at once
Use your slides like outlines, with topics and subtopics
For each topic, try not to have too many points you want to make
You will lose your audience with too much detail
3-5 points per topic will do.
Design, continuedDesign, continuedSimpler fonts work well
– (this is tahoma)
Design, continuedDesign, continuedSimpler fonts work well
– (this is tahoma)You need at least a 36 pt. font for
your text to be readable – (this is 32)
Design, continuedDesign, continuedSimpler fonts work well
– (this is tahoma)You need at least a 36 pt. font
to be readable – (this is 32)
Look again: 40 is better….
BuildsBuilds
Reveal information in segments only if it serves your purpose
Use BuildsUse Builds
When your point requires discussion
When you don’t want your audience reading ahead
Consider the Effect of Consider the Effect of ColorColor
Use color emphatically4 colors maxConsider cultural connotations:
-Red for monetary totals; -Flag colors; death colors.
4) Fielding Questions4) Fielding Questions
When to take questionsHow to answerFirst, anticipate.If you don’t know….
WhenWhen to take questions to take questionsAfter the Presentation:
-Maintain control -Risk losing comprehension
WhenWhen to take questions to take questions
During the Presentation: -Feedback more immediate -Risk losing control
How To AnswerHow To AnswerListen carefully.Paraphrase or clarify, if
necessary.Answer the question asked.Answer briefly.Redirect the answer to your
own objective.
Anticipate QuestionsAnticipate Questions
1) Value: “Are you sure we really need this?”
or “What will happen if we don’t do this?”
Anticipate QuestionsAnticipate Questions
2) Cost: “How much will it cost?” and/or “Can we do it for less?”
If You Don’t Know . . .If You Don’t Know . . .Don’t guess. Say “I don’t know.”Suggest where to find out/Offer to find out yourself.
SummarySummary
Consider your objectives.Keep your design simple.Practice.Time yourself.
Half as complex, twice as clear….