n.s. 100 lecture 3 – biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a
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1. N.S. 100 Lecture 3 – Biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a. 2. Carbon atoms form chains Carbon chains are backbone for molecules of life. Carbon atom and carbon chain formation. 1. 7. 6. 2. 4. 5. 8. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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N.S. 100 Lecture 3 – Biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a.
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Carbon atoms form chains
Carbon chains are backbone for molecules of life
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Carbon atom and
carbon chain formation
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Diamond is a chain of
carbon atoms
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Organic Chemistry = Chemistry of Carbon Atoms
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Organic MoleculesContain Carbon + Hydrogen
and maybe oxygen, and other atoms
Everything here is organic
…..oops except for the bottle
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Biologically Important Organic Molecules
Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H)
Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O)
Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S)
Lipids – C, H, O
Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P)
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Hydrocarbons contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)
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HC
Hydrogen atom
Carbon atom
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H
H
H
H
C
CH4
Methane = simple
hydrocarbon
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A simple organic molecule with 1 Carbon and 4 hydrogen atoms
Energy released when hydrogen separated from carbon during burning
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Ethane
Propane
Examples of Hydrocarbons (carbon and hydrogen)
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Butane
Hydrocarbon (carbon and hydrogen)
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Gasoline
Diesel – long chain hydroc-c-c-c-c-c-c-carbon
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Monomers
Dimers
Polymers
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What are monomers?Monomers = small molecules linked together to form chains.
What are polymers?Polymers = chains of monomers .
Poly = many mer = parts or units Polymer = many parts linked together
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Like a polymer
Like monomers
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OH HO
O
Dehydration (removal of water) synthesis (uniting)
Monomer A
HOH
(Monomer A) (Monomer B)
(Monomer B)
Dimer & Polymer formation
(Monomer A)
dimer = two monomers
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Polymer: repeating units of monomers
Examples of polymers include:Starch = polymer in made of sugar monomers (food)
Polyethylene = polymer made of ethylene monomers (plastic bags)
Polystyrene = polymer made of styrene monomers (styrofoam cups and dishes)
Protein = polymer made of amino acid monomers (muscle tissue)
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Biologically Important Organic Molecules
Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H)
Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O)
Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S)
Lipids – C, H, O
Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P)
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Foods rich in Carbohydrates21
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Monosaccharides = sugar
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates 22
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Glucose (sugar) is a common example of a monosaccharide
C6H12O6
C1H2O1
Hydroxyl group
C6H12O6
Carbon
Hydrogen Oxygen
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Energy for all functions, in all cells, in all living things
In humans – growth, kidney function, nerve impulses, digestion, muscle action, heart beat, and more
Glucose
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Normal glucose and insulin levels over a 24 hour period in people without diabetes
Diabetic
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OH HO
O
Dehydration (removal of water) synthesis (uniting)
Monomer A
Sucrose a Disaccharide (dimer = two monomers)
HOH
(Monomer A) (Monomer B)
Monosaccharide (Monomer B)
Disaccharide (dimer) formation
Monosaccharide (Monomer A)
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Biologist’s idea of Halloween fun
Table Sugar
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Polysaccharide (polymer) is made of many monosaccharides (monomers)
Polysaccharide
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Monosaccharide
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Examples of Polysaccharides:
Potato Starch
Cellulose leaves
Chitin exoskeletons
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Biologically Important Organic Molecules
Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H)
Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O)
Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S)
Lipids – C, H, O
Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P)
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PROTEINS:Structure and Function of proteins controls structure and function of all life
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Proteins are found in all cells and in many cell products
Hair (cell product)
Skin cell
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