ns03 - typical warehouse equipment

8/6/2019 Ns03 - Typical Warehouse Equipment

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Re: Lean Manufacturing and Lean Warehousing Series

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SECTIONTYPTCAL {AREI{OUSE QUIPMENT

Table of ContentsFork Lift Trucks a aGeneral3 . 13 . 1 . 1

3 . r . 23 . 1 . 33 . . 43 . 23 . 2 . L3 . 2 . 23 . 33 . 3 . 13 . 3 . 23 .3 . 33 . 43 . 4 .3 . 4 23 . 4 . 33 . 4 . 43 . 53 . 5 . r3 . 5 23 . 63 . 6 .3 . 6 . 23 .6 . 33 . 6 . 4

General

Counterbalance TrucksNarrow-Aisle Trucks .a a a a

Page No .3 - t3 - l3 - t3 - t3 - 33 - 33 - 33-r03-r03-r03-103-l 33- r33-r33-t33-173-L73-213-2r3-2r3-243-243-243-243-26

Storage-RetrS e l e c t i v e S tHigh Density

Hybrid Trucksieval Machinesorage SystemsStorage SystemsOrder Picking VehiclesFork Truck UnitsS t o r a g e - R e t r i e v a l U n i t e . . . . . . o .Other Veh ic lesNon-Powered VehiclesD o l l i e s . .Iland Trucks

Semi-Live SkTra i l er sCranesJib CranesBridge and Gantry CranesPallet l landl ing Mechanisms

a a a a a ai d s . . . . . .

a a a a a aa a

Turret ForksFlip ForksShutt le Table3.1 TORK IFT TRUCKS3 . I . 1 G e n e r a lIn the movement and storage of pal lets, the relat ionship between the palletand the fork truck or S/R rnachine is congtant. Ttre funct ional. dif ferencesamong fork l i f t t rucks and pallet handling rnachines are in the relat ionshipsbetween the mach ine , a is le s ize , and he igh t o f s to rage . In the case o f forkl i f t t rucks , the bas ic equ ipment c lasses may be descr ibed as fo lLows:3 .L .2 Counterba lanced TrucksConvent ional or counterbalanced fork l i f t t rucks carry the pal let streight outin f ront of the machine on permenent ly al igned forke. These trucks must turnat r ight angles in order to place the nater ial in storage (tr ' igure 3-1 ). Ttreyrequ i re wide a is les (10 to 14 fee t ) and subs tan t ia l f loor capac i t y . They areavai lable with both electr ic and internal combust ion porrer.3. I .3 Narrow-Ais le TrucksNarrow aisle reach type equipment is represented by three basic categor ies ofveh ic le ; the s t radd le , reach , and s ide load ing t ruck . In ,e t radd le t rucks, the

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TY]PNCAN,COUN 1I ER.sA''N,A'.C E lTR.UCKFigure 3-1

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load is carr ied between the f ront outr igger wheels to minirnize the need forcounterba lanc ng.A var iat ion on the straddle Eruck is the reach t ruck (Figure 3-2). This ma-ch ine has a fo rk ex tens ion capab i l i t y th rough the use of a pantograph dev icewt r ich reaches out beyond the ou t r igger whee ls to pos i t ion the pa l le t in racksor on the f loor. These rnachines perform in the same manner as the counter-balanced machines v*ren Ehe forks are extended. They operate in a narroltera is le (usua l ly 7 to 8 - I l2 fee t ) and can make tu rns in c loser quar te rs becausethey can ret ract the pa l le t to a pos i t ion w i th in the whee lbase .S ide load ing t rucks genera l ly opera te to one s ide o f the a is le and p lace theload la te ra l ly , i . e . ac ross the Erave l d i rec t ion o f the mach ine . These ma-ch ines come n a var ie ty o f des igns . Some rave l long i tud ina l ly in the a is lewith permanent ly located masts equipped with reach devices to move the forksout f rom the side. Someof these machines have moving nasts which add to theex tens ion capab i l i t y and permi t doub le dep th p lacement o f loads (F igure 3-3) .Other conf igurat ions have a rotat ing or swing rnast which can reach out to thes ide (F igure 3-4) ; these t rucks a re a lso re fe r red to as " f ron t / s ide loaders ' r .Four-way machines (Figure 3-5) are fork l i f t devices r , i l r ich Eurn in their oqrnJ.ength and can move in any direct ion. These machines can move lateral ly downEhe a is le and p lace a load f rom Ehe s ide , they can opera te as a convent iona lfo rk l i f t t ruck , o r Ehey can opera te a t an ang le .iDhe urret type machines (Figure 3-6) can swing their forks through 180 de-grees and can load pa l le t s f rom ei ther s ide o f the mach ine . These un i t s varyin the i r a is le requ i rements and in the i r f lex ib i l i t y bu t genera l ly opera te ina is le wid ths o f 50 to 84 inches and wich c learances on ly s l igh t ly la rger thant h e s i z e o f t he p a l l e t i t s e l f .3 . f .4 Hybr id TrucksHybr id t rucks ( f igure 3-7) cornb ine he bes t fea tu res o f bo th nar ro l r a is le ve-h ic les and s to rage- re t r ieva l mach ines . A typ ica l hybr id veh ic le cons is ts o f ata l l r ig id mas t s in i la r to tha t used on a s to rage- re t r ieva l mach ine . The masEis equ ipped w i th a shut t le tab le or Eur reE fo rk sys tem to hand le pa l le t loads .These pa l leE hand l ing mechan ismsare s in i la r to those used on tur ret . t rucks.The base of the veh ic le cons is ts o f a ba t te ry powered qf tee led p la t fo rm wh ichpermits the hybr id t ruck to be dr iven between aisles in a manner similar to afo rk t ruck . Wt renouts ide the s to rage a is le , t he hybr id veh ic le runs on in te r -na l ba t te r ies . Whenopera t ing wi th in the s to rage a is le , power is ob ta inedf rom overhead co l lec to r bars . There fo re , the hybr id veh ic le combines thea is le t rans fe r capab i l i t y and maneuverab i l i t y o f nar row a is le fork t rucks wi ththe h igh leve l s to rage and in -a is le speed of s to rage- re t r ieva l mach ines .3.2 STORAGE-RETRIEVALACHINES3 . 2 . I S e l e c t i v e S t o r age S y s t e m sI{hen transact ion rates and/or inventory volumes are high and sophist icated andcomputer -o r ien ted opera t ions are feas ib le , i t i s o f ten des i rab le to cons iderh igh cube mechan ized s to rage and hand l ing sys tems. These fac i l i t ies reducepersonne l requ i remenEs, inc rease the poten t ia l fo r computer -based opera t ions ,

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lIY]P]ICA]L]R]EACHI T]RIUCKFigure 3- 2

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t=t-lltti

T'YP[C.A']LDCUtsN-.ER]EAC]TilSNDtrN-OADtrR. I]RUCKFlgure 3- 3

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F"R.ONT / S]tDE]LOAD]ER.L]ttrT TIRUCK

Figure 3-43 - 6


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Figure 3-53 - 7

PA LETAP P L I C A T I O N

C A R R I A G EA TT A C H M E N TF O RL O N GM E R C H A N D I S E

T'YPNCA[,F-OU]R,.]I]B.trCT]IONA-- F-O]RKTR.UCK

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lIYPNC.N]L1IURR.]ET' IR,UCKFigure 3- 6

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lIYP][C^NL FilYts]RtD II]R.IJCK3 - 9

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and improve the land use facEor. They also tend to improve inventory controland producE secur i t y and reduce p roduc t damage. On the other hand, these sys-Eemsare not fai l-safe in terms of t ine based responsiveness, and they r"q,r i t "a h igh cap i ta l inves tment . The app l ica t io . o l comple te computer con t ro l i sava i lab le in a lmos t a l l S /R sys tens .Nonethe less , there are proper app l ica t ions for such dev ices . The fu l ly au to -nated s/R nachine (tr ' igure 3-g) can handle targe volumes of diverse, short lot ,pal let ized inventory in unit loads under computer control with a minimum oihuman involvement.3 . 2 . 2 l t i gh Dens i t y S t o rage Sys t em sThe automated bulk storage equipment ( f igurelets of an i tern in a slot and funct ion info r h igh vo lume opera t ions .

3 -9 ) can hand le 15 or more pa l -a s imi la r computer -con t ro l led nodeFew Navy supp ly fac i l i t ies have t ransac t ion ra tes or inven to ry vo lumes whichjusE i f y th is t yPe of equ ipment on a labor economybas is . In add i t ion , inte rms of rn i l i t a ry re l iab i l i t y in a rnob i l i za t ion mode, th .se mach ines are no tfa i l sa fe . They cannot be bypassed in the event o i b reakdown, poner fa i lu re ,or sabotage. Automated high cube sEorage/retr ieval machines are covered inmore deta i l in Sec t ion 9 .3.3 ORDER ICKINGVEII ICLES3 . 3 . 1 Fo r k T r u c k U n i t sOrder p ick ing fork t rucks are des igned to fac i l i t a te order p ick ing by mak ingi t eas ie r fo r the opereEor to cont ro l bo th the t ruck l i f t a ;d t raveL wh i le sellec t ing orders . H igh l i f t o rder p ick ing t rucks are norma l ly s t radd le or coun-te rba lance tyPe fork l i f t t rucks wi th opera t ing cont ro ls on a p la t fo rm loca tedbetween the rnast and forks. The vehicles are general ly desi ined for orderp ick ing in nar ro ld a is les and use e i ther gu ide ro l le rs and ra i l gu idance ore lec t ron ic gu idance sys tems to e l imina te the need for s teer ing . The opera to rr ides on Ehe plaEform and can pick frorn both sides of the aiele. order pick-ing fo rk t rucks are genera l ly des igned to ho ld a pa l le t on wh ich orders arep laced a l though un i t s are ava i lab le wi th longer fo rks to fac i l i t a te order p ick -ing Eo warehouse carts or for use in furniture operat ions.3 . 3 . 2 S t o r age - Re t r i eva l U n i t sStorage- re t r ieva l un i t s des igned for order p ick ing are s in i la r in cons t ruc t ionto pa l le t hand l ing s to rage- re t r ieva l mach ines . The mach ines cons is t o f an up-r ight and a fork or shutt le table assembly which moves up and down the su;-Port . The machine may be capt ive within the aisle i t serves or may be trans-ferable through Ehe use of a transfer car or by dr iv ing between aisles in a^nner s imi la r to the hybr id t rucks . Sto rage- re t r ieva l un i t s can be manua l lycon t ro l led by an end-o f -a is le opera to r , by a nan on-board , o r be computer d i -rec ted fo r au tomat ic order p ick ing .Smaller versions of storage-retr ieval nachines, cor- only known as small loador n in i - load sys tems, are des igned to hand le meta l t rays typ ica l ly 18" x 36"ot 24t t x 48" and ranging in height f rom four to 24 inches. these systems are(tuz,n to page 3 - 13)

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T'YPNC,N]LNNECIilANZED P^N]LLET]FilANDILNNG SYST'E}fiFigure 3-8


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lTY]P]tCA]LA,IUIIOMA'.IIED D]E]EP tsIU]LKST'ORAG]ESYSlT]E}fl


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almost always computer control led and deliver the t ray to an end-of-ais le op-era to r s ta t ion fo r o rder p iek ing or rep len ishment . A var ia t ion o f the min i -load sys tem is the carouse l . A carouse l sys tem cons is ts o f a ser ies o fbaskeEs or f rames Eyp ica l ly 24" w ide , 18" -24" deep, and 84" h igh . These bas-ke ts oove hor izon ta l ly a round a conEinuous t rack . A se lec ted baske t is s top-ped at an operetor stat ion for order picking or replenishment. The basketscan nove both clockwise and counterclockwise to rnininize cycle t ine.Storage-retr ieval systems are relat ively expensive r*ren compared to othernethods of sEorage and order picking but provide advanEages in terms of highspeed opera t ion , nar row a is tes , h igh s to rage dens i t y , and h igh t ransac t ioncapac ty .3 . 3 . 3 O t h e r V e h i c l e sOther c tass i f i ca t ions o f o rder p ick ing veh ic les t yp ica l ly encountered in 'ware-house opera t ions inc lude ' rwa lk ie ' r t ype fo rk l i f t e , o rder p ick ing , and Eowun i t s as ere l l as r ider t ype t rac to rs . The ' rwa lk ie " veh ic les (F igure 3-10) a regenera l ly ueed when a low cot t t veh ic le is requ i red fo r low ac t iv i t y oper -a t ions . The opera to r uses an end con t ro l le r genera l ly connec ted to a shor tarm on the truck to control the speed and direct ion of t ruck t ravel. Someversione are known as trwalkie r iders" snd include a small plat form which per-mite the operator to lead the vehicle through order picking aisles and r ide onthe veh ic le when t rave l ing between d is tan t loca t ione .Tow t rac to r un i t s nay be "wa lk ies" , r ider , o r e lec t ron ica l ly gu ided un i t s andare genera l ly used to pu l l warehouse cer ts in a t ra i le r - t ra in sys tem. A1-though trector t rai ler- t raine are generaLly used for t ranspo,r taEion funct ionewithin a warehouse, the use of an operator held radio control device can beueed to remote ly con t ro l a t rac to r - t re i le r t ra in to fo l low the opera to r dur ingorder p ick ing opera t ions .3. 4 NON-POWEREDEHICLES3 4 . t D o l i esA dolly (Figure 3-11 ) is a snal l low plat form type load carr ier with one ormore ro l le rs , cas te rs , o r wt ree ls . Do l l ies are s in i la r to p la t fo rm Srucks(3 .4 .2 ) and usua l ly have smal le r wt ree ls and no hand le . Do l l ies a re genera l lyequipped with three or four wheels.Because they are hand propel led, dol l ies ere general ly ueed for Low voLume orin te r rn i t t en t moves over shor t d is tancee. They are a lso su i ted fo r use overvar ious paths and can accommodatea wide var iety of loads. They are part ic-ular ly useful for large or awkward shaped loads and can be custom designed tornove specif ic loads. Their use is l in i ted by the need for a smooth f loor andmanpo\ter for movemenE. Occasional ly, dol l ies ney be moved by a fork l i f tt ruck or a small powered vehicle.3 .4 .2 Hand TrucksI land trucks are general ly avai lable in either e t lro wtreel t i l ted carryfour or s ix wheeled load plat form conf igurat ion (tr ' igure 3-I2) . Tnohand trucks are normally designed for t i l t and carry operat ion with two

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C O U N T E R B A L A N C ER U C K

P A L L E T T R U C K

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METAL

lfYPnCA[, DOnn-n]ES

Figure 3-113 - 1 5


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TWO WHEEL

TY]P]ICA,.N,HIA,NDIIRIICKS

Figure 3-123 - 1 6


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nounted at the pivot point . The load is balanced and manually moved to i tsdest inat ion. Trro wtreeled hand trucks rnay be f i t ted for special handl ing tasksand are genera l ly used for mov ing app l iances , ba les , d rums, and cy l inders .They are useful for low volume, l ight weight , and short dist .ance move{rovervar iable paths. They can handle a wide var iety of loads and operate in a l in-i t e d space .Four wheeled hand trucks are rectangular load carrying plat forms designed formanual movement, usual ly by means of a rack or handle et one or both ends.Common ar iat ions include trucks with two swivel casters located at the cor-ners of the plat forrn or t l to large wtreels centered on Lhe sides and two smaller$heels or cesterg centered on the ends. I land t rucks with the large/snal lntreel combinat ion t i l t s l ight ly and can be pivoted to reduce the turning speceneeded to ro ta te the p la t fo rm.Four rrheeled hand trucks can be f i t ted with boxes or other epecial bodies fora var ie ty of tasks . These veh ic les can hand le e w ide var ie ty o f merchand iseand are general ly ueed for low volume short distance movement of relat ivelyl igh t loads .3 .4 .3 Sen i -L ive Sk idsA seni- l ive skid (r igure 3-I3) is a plat form with two wheels at one end andt l to legs at the other and is designed for uee with a l i f t jack. Ttre l i f t jackconeists of a handle with two wtreels et tached that f ics into a socket ac theleg end of the skid.A sen i - l i ve sk id is essent ia l l y a pa l le t w i th wt ree ls and legs wh ich per rn i t i tto be moved easi ly over short distances. Seni- l ive skids can be used to eup-plenent powered equipment and provide load maneuverabi l i ty in crowded work er-eas. Movement of loade on skids is slow and they are relat ively hard to moveover long distances3 . 4 . 4 T r a i l e r sA trai ler (Figure 3-14) is a load carrying plat form mounted on four wheels orcaster{ t . Trai lers are sini lar to four-wheeled hand trucks but are designed Eobe towed rather than pushed by hand. Trai lers are steered using tno snivelcas te rs in f ron t o r a f i f t h wt ree l ( tu rn tab le dev ice) . Some ra i le rs are ava i l -able in four wtreel steer conf igurat ions in n*r ich the f ront and rear rct leels areon separate f i f th nrheels and are interconnected with e l inkage, causing bothsets of r*reels to steer and reduce the turning radius.Trai lers are avai lable in a wide var iety of conf igurat ions. Ttrey nay be haul-ed by tractors in trai ler- t raine, can be conveyed by towline or fork l i f tt rucks, or ney be towed by wire guided automat ic vehicles. A wide var iety ofcoup le rs a re ave i lab le fo r connec t ing t ra i le rs in to t ra ine .Trai lers f ind their greatest appl icat ion in high volune, long distance Erans-portat.ion over varying routes and supplement fork lift truck load movement be-tween dock and storage areas.Trai lers can also be used cornpat ibly with towline and order picking operat ions(Figure 3-15). The composite couplings al low the towline cert to be used as

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SEMN.L]I\T]ESK][DFigure 3-13

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FOURWHEELSTEER

1IYPNCAL TR.ANN-]ERSCASTERSTEER

Figure 3-143 - 1 9


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E X I S T I N GFORK GUIOE( T YP.)

LOCKI NGPI NFORK GUIDEASSEMBLY SUGGESTEDFORK GUIDE

TOWLNNE CART' F'CRK tsCOTSFigure 3-15

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e i ther a t ra i le r in a t rac to r t ra i le r sys tem or as a towl ine car t . The i l lus -t rat ion also shows the use of fork boots to perrnit the use of the cert in or-der picking. Ttr is vereat i l i ty in the warehouse cart , wtr ich can be developedthrough the use of var ious attachments and nodif icat ions, can convert the cartinto a "comon denominator" handling unit for movemenE hroughout a ser ies ofhandling and transportat ion syst ,emswiLhout any need for unloading or nanuallyhandling Ehe cargo. Ttr is vehicle can be used rnanually to unload highway trai l-e rs o r ra i l ca rs . I t can be at tached to a towl ine or t ra i le r t ra in sys tem fornovement to inspect ion or storage operat ione. I t can be used as a pickingrnedia for order f i l l ing being dispatched by towline or trai ler t rain to theshipping area. I t can be used manualty to load the outbound vehicles.3.5 CRANES3 . 5 . f J i b C r a n e sJib cranes consist of a hoist type l i f t ing device mounted on a hor izontal boom( j ib ) . Comronconf igura t ions (F igure 3-15) inc lude :a . P i l la r suppor ted - J ib i s a t tached to a se l f -euppor t ing f loornounted or f loor to ce i l ing mounted mast .b. Mast supported - Jib is mounted on a maet wtr ich is supported ontop and bottom supports and pivoEs.c . Bracke t - J ib is a t tached to the wa l l o r co lumn by bracke te .d. Walking - Walking j ib cranes are mounted on heavy undercarr iagesr'itrich rnrly move back and forth on rails eet at floor level or atf loor and ce i l ing leve l .e. Inter locking - Inter locking j ib cranes are mounted in e rnnnersini lar to the bracket type and are designed to extend the t ravelo f a monora i l ho is t by connec t ing the ends o f ad jacent j ibs .Loads on j ib cranes are supported by a hoist ing tackle f ixed at or near theend of the j ib or by a t rol ley type hoist r iding back and for th on the j ib.Jib cranes can be equipped with either powered or manual hoists.Jib cranes are pr inar i ly designed for loading and unloading carr iers or aerv-ing individual work stat ions in nachine shops, packing ereas, or other loca-t ions requir ing heavy load l i f t ing and l ini ted reach. They are also used tosupplement overhead travel ing cranes.3 .5 .2 Br idge and Gant ry Cranes

Br idge cranes (F igure 3- f7 ) a re l i f t ing dev ices mounted on a br idge cons is t ingof one or two hor izontal girders supported at each end by t rucks r iding on run-ways and instal led at r ight angles on the br idge. Ttre runnays can be instal-led on building columns, overhead trusses, f rames, or free standing columne.Br idge crenes provide three dimensional t ravel cover ing any spot within therectangular area over which the br idge moves. Ttre end r iding t rucks can beeither top running, in wtr ich the t rucks run on top of runway tracks, or bottomrunning, in wtrich the trucks ar e suspended in a lower flange of the runlray(h,un to page 3 - 24)

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JINtsCRANEFigure 3-16

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GANT'RY CR.A'.N]EFigure 3-17

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t recks ' Br idge cranes are capab le o f th ree d i rec t iona l t rave l cons is t ing o fhor izontal movement along the length of the runnay, hor izontar movement acrosgthe l t idth of the br idge, and vert ical movementof the hoist . Movement of the19tg br idge girders or runltays can be either manual or powered. powered mod-els can be pendant or radio control led from the f loor. ni iage cranes are alsoava i lab le wi th t rans fe rs to permi t l i f t ing dev ices to move i l t o ad jacent bays .Advantages of br idge cranes include no interference with work on the f loor,reduced a is le sPace requ i rements , easy acceas to most areas wi th in the l i f t ingbr iy, and extension to areas outside tnl buitaing. Br idge cranes are generar lyueed in low to medium votume act iv i t ies from iir t iog i"rg", i" . ry, or awkwardob jec ts ' T t rey are genera l ly used in mach ine shops , foundr ies , and heavy as-senb ly repa i r shops .Gantry cranes are sini lar to br idge cranes but are general ly supported by legst rave l ing on f loor mounted t racks ' var ia t ions are poss ib le in wt r ich one ofthe legs is rep laced by a runrdaya t tached to a bu i la ing 'o i - ; ; ; ; , f i xed ob jec r .Gantry crenes can be used both indoors and outdoors and can be pendant or re-d io con t ro l led . A l though the app l ica t ions are s imi la r to those fo r b r idgecranes, gentry crenes are general ly used outdoors because of the support legsl3.6 PALLET HANDLINGMECHANISMS3 . 5 . 1 G e n e r a lrn pal let handling operat ions, there are essent ial ly t lro meens of engaging andmov ing- !h" pa l le t : f o rks or shu t t le tab les . rhe fo rk type un i te can be fur -ther d iv ided in to e i ther f i xed , f l ip , o r ro ta t ing fo rks . The f ixed fo rk ar -rangement is the nost cormon system and is typifal ly r""r oi convent ional forkl i f t t rucks ' PantograPh (ex t "n t io r r ) dev iceer ' " " " r , as thoee on reach and s idereach t rucks , nay be inc luded in th is ca tegory . . rn any case , the bas ic forkdes ign wi l l opere te in onry one d i rec t ion re l l t i ve to the t ruck.3 .6 .2 Tur re t ForksThe most conrnonly encountered systems are the turret forks and ehutt le table.The turret arrangement consists of forks mounted on a pivot , al lowing them tobe ro ta ted in the a is le to eerv ice e i ther s ide o f the a is le . A compar ison oflhlt technique with the shutt le rable is shown in Figure 3-rg. unl ike rhef l ip fork system, the turret arrangement cen be designea fo rotate the loed inthe a is le , bu t a t the exPense o i an a is le wider than tha t requ i red to ro ta teonly the enpty forks.3 . 6 . 3 F l i p F o r k sThe f l ip fork design is usual ly encountered in high cube storage vehicles andis mounted at a r ight angle to the truck. Ttre storage and retr ieval occurs ina nEnner sini lar to that of the turret or shutt te truck in that al l pal letnovements are acconplished by a direct in or out movement of the forks. Toservice the opposite eide or tne aisle, the op"i"tor ". r , cause the forks tof l ip over and thus face the opposite direct ion. only enpty forks can be f l ip-Ped, so this arrangement cennot Eransfer a pal let f rom one side of the aisleto the other without being removed from the aisle and being physical ly relocat-ed in a p ickup and de l ive ry s ta t ion .

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3 . 6 . 4 Shu t t l e T a b l eThe shu t t le tab le ar rangement cons is ts o f a pa l le t load tab le tha t moves hor -i z o n t a l l y t o s t o r e o r r e t r i eve a p a l l e t on e i t he r s ide o f t h e a i s l e . S i n c eon ly l inear mot ion is used, add i t iona l space fo r ro taE ion is no t requ i red .There fo re , the shut t le tab le can d i rec t ly t rans fe r pa l le t s f rom one s ide o fthe ais le to the other in less t ime than a turret fork system would require.The system has the disadvantage of requir ing extra space under the pal let toprov ide access fo r the shu t t le tab le . As a resu l t , e i ther a d r ive - in Lr r i se rt yPe of rack (Sec t ion 6) is requ i red . Depend ing upon sys tem s ize , he igh t ,e tc . , t h is nay requ i re a more expens ive rack sys tem.The f l ip fo rk , tu r re ! fo rk , and shu t t le tab le sys tems can a l l hand le pa l le tloads in a is les on ly s l igh t ly w ider than the pa l le t i t se l f . The requ i rementsfo r s ide to s ide load t rans fe r shou ld be eva lua ted care fu l l y wt ren se iec t ing asys tem, s ince p lac ing th is requ i rement on a tu r re t sys tem wi l l uee add i t iona la is le space and a shu t t le tab le rnay requ i re more expens ive rack .

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ns03 - typical warehouse equipment

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